Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	acadia21_270
id	acadia21_270
authors	Dambrosio, Niccolo; Schlopschnat, Christoph; Zechmeister, Christoph; Rinderspacher, Katja; Duque Estrada, Rebeca; Knippers, Jan; Kannenberg, Fabian; Menges, Achim; Gil Peréz, Marta
year	2021
title	Maison Fibre
source	ACADIA 2021: Realignments: Toward Critical Computation [Proceedings of the 41st Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-986-08056-7]. Online and Global. 3-6 November 2021. edited by B. Bogosian, K. Dörfler, B. Farahi, J. Garcia del Castillo y López, J. Grant, V. Noel, S. Parascho, and J. Scott. 270-279.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2021.270
summary	This research demonstrates the development of a hybrid FRP-timber wall and slab system for multi-story structures. Bespoke computational tools and robotic fabrication processes allow for adaptive placement of material according to specific local requirements of the structure thus representing a resource-efficient alternative to established modes of construction. This constitutes a departure from pre-digital, material-intensive building methods, based on isotropic materials towards genuinely digital building systems using lightweight, hybrid composite elements. Design and fabrication methods build upon previous research on lightweight fiber structures conducted at the University of Stuttgart and expand it towards inhabitable, multi-story building systems. Interdisciplinary design collaboration based on reciprocal computational feedback allows for the concurrent consideration of architectural, structural, fabrication and material constraints. The robotic coreless filament winding process only uses minimal, modular formwork and allows for the efficient production of morphologically differentiated building components. The research results were demonstrated through Maison Fibre, developed for the 17th Architecture Biennale in Venice. Situated at the Venice Arsenale, the installation is composed of 30 plate like elements and depicts a modular, further extensible scheme. While this first implementation of a hybrid multi-story building system relies on established glass and carbon fiber composites, the methods can be extended towards a wider range of materials ranging from ultra-high-performance mineral fiber systems to renewable natural fibers.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

_id	acadia21_362
id	acadia21_362
authors	Bruscia, Nicholas
year	2021
title	Surface Disclination Topology in Self-Reactive Shell Structures
source	ACADIA 2021: Realignments: Toward Critical Computation [Proceedings of the 41st Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-986-08056-7]. Online and Global. 3-6 November 2021. edited by B. Bogosian, K. Dörfler, B. Farahi, J. Garcia del Castillo y López, J. Grant, V. Noel, S. Parascho, and J. Scott. 362-371.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2021.362
summary	This paper discusses recent developments on the geometric construction and fabrication techniques associated with large-scale surface disclinations. The basic concept of disclinations recognizes the role of “defects” in the composition of materials, the strategic placement of which shapes the material by inducing curvature from initially planar elements. By acknowledging the relationship between geometry and topology that governs disclination based form-finding and material prototyping, this work consciously explores its potential at the architectural scale. Basic geometric figures and their topological transformations are documented in the context of digital modeling and simulation, fabrication, and a specific material palette. Specifically, this work builds on recent efforts by focusing on three particular areas of investigation; a) enhancing the stability of surface disclinations with a synthetic fibrous layer, b) aggregation via periodic tilings, and c) harnessing snap-through buckling to increase bending stiffness in thin surfaces.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

_id	caadria2021_405
id	caadria2021_405
authors	Zarei, Maryam, Erhan, Halil, Abuzuraiq, Ahmed M., Alsalman, Osama and Haas, Alyssa
year	2021
title	Design and Development of Interactive Systems for Integration of Comparative Visual Analytics in Design Workflow
source	A. Globa, J. van Ameijde, A. Fingrut, N. Kim, T.T.S. Lo (eds.), PROJECTIONS - Proceedings of the 26th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Online, Hong Kong, 29 March - 1 April 2021, pp. 121-130
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2021.2.121
summary	In architectural design, data-driven processes are increasingly utilized in creating and selecting design alternatives. Multiple design-aid systems that support such processes exist. Still, these systems dominantly support parametric modelling only or lack sufficient support for organizing, scanning and comparing multiple alternatives in the process of their creation while considering both their forms and performance data. In this paper, we argue that (a) evaluating and selecting potential alternatives must take place in the same context they are created and explored, (b) interactive data visualizations can provide real-time feedback about various aspects of design alternatives, and they should be incorporated as early in the design process as possible, and (c) design environment must enable comparing design alternatives as an integral part of the design workflow. We call our approach 'comparative design analytics,' which aims to identify, develop, and validate practical key features of visualization tools for assisting designers in analyzing and comparing multiple solutions with their data. We present D-CAT as a visualization prototype tool integrated with an existing CAD application. D-CAT acts as a platform for generating knowledge about using interactive data visualization for comparing design alternatives. Our goal is to transfer the findings from evaluating this interface to developing practical applications for real-world use.
keywords	Comparative Design Analytics; Interactive System Development; Design Data Visualization; Design Workflow Augmentation; Creativity Support Tool
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	acadia21_112
id	acadia21_112
authors	Kahraman, Ridvan; Zechmeister, Christoph; Dong, Zhetao; Oguz, Ozgur S.; Drachenberg, Kurt; Menges, Achim; Rinderspacher, Katja
year	2021
title	Augmenting Design
source	ACADIA 2021: Realignments: Toward Critical Computation [Proceedings of the 41st Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-986-08056-7]. Online and Global. 3-6 November 2021. edited by B. Bogosian, K. Dörfler, B. Farahi, J. Garcia del Castillo y López, J. Grant, V. Noel, S. Parascho, and J. Scott. 112-121.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2021.112
summary	In recent years, generative machine learning methods such as variational autoencoders (VAEs) and generative adversarial networks (GANs) have opened up new avenues of exploration for architects and designers. The presented work explores how these methods can be expanded by incorporating multiple abstract criteria directly into the formulation of the algorithm that negotiates these complex criteria and proposes a fitting design. It draws inspiration from the works of several design theorists who have developed such goal-oriented approaches to design, and sets up multiple-objective VAE and GAN frameworks with this idea in mind. The research demonstrates that by incorporating multiple constraints using auxiliary discriminator networks, the developed algorithms are able to generate innovative solutions to two example problems: the design of 2D digits, and the design of 3D voxel chairs. By speculating and examining the role of the designer in data based generative computational design workflows, the research aims to provide an approach for solving design tasks in the age of big data.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

_id	acadia21_470
id	acadia21_470
authors	£ochnicki, Grzegorz; Kalousdian, Nicolas Kubail; Leder, Samuel; Maierhofer, Mathias; Wood, Dylan; Menges, Achim
year	2021
title	Co-Designing Material-Robot Construction Behaviors
source	ACADIA 2021: Realignments: Toward Critical Computation [Proceedings of the 41st Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-986-08056-7]. Online and Global. 3-6 November 2021. edited by B. Bogosian, K. Dörfler, B. Farahi, J. Garcia del Castillo y López, J. Grant, V. Noel, S. Parascho, and J. Scott. 470-479.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2021.470
summary	This paper presents research on designing distributed, robotic construction systems in which robots are taught construction behaviors relative to the elastic bending of natural building materials. Using this behavioral relationship as a driver, the robotic system is developed to deal with the unpredictability of natural materials in construction and further to engage their dynamic characteristics as methods of locomotion and manipulation during the assembly of actively bent structures. Such an approach has the potential to unlock robotic building practice with rapid-renewable materials, whose short crop cycles and small carbon footprints make them particularly important inroads to sustainable construction. The research is conducted through an initial case study in which a mobile robot learns a control policy for elastically bending bamboo bundles into designed configurations using deep reinforcement learning algorithms. This policy is utilized in the process of designing relevant structures, and for the in-situ assembly of these designs. These concepts are further investigated through the co-design and physical prototyping of a mobile robot and the construction of bundled bamboo structures. This research demonstrates a shift from an approach of absolute control and predictability to behavior-based methods of assembly. With this, materials and processes that are often considered too labor-intensive or unpredictable can be reintroduced. This reintroduction leads to new insights in architectural design and construction, where design outcome is uniquely tied to the building material and its assembly logic. This highly material-driven approach sets the stage for developing an effective, sustainable, light-touch method of building using natural materials.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

_id	caadria2021_415
id	caadria2021_415
authors	Chuang, Cheng-Lin and Chien, Sheng-Fen
year	2021
title	Facilitating Architect-Client Communication in the Pre-design Phase
source	A. Globa, J. van Ameijde, A. Fingrut, N. Kim, T.T.S. Lo (eds.), PROJECTIONS - Proceedings of the 26th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Online, Hong Kong, 29 March - 1 April 2021, pp. 71-80
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2021.2.071
summary	The process of architects exploring the program with clients often take place through face-to-face oral discussions and visual aids, such as photos and sketches. Our research focuses on two communication mediums: language and sketch. We employ machine learning techniques to assist architects and clients to improve their communication and reduce misunderstandings. We have trained a Naive Bayesian Classifier machine, the language assistant (LA), to classify architectural vocabularies with associations to design requirements. In addition, we have trained a Generative Adversarial Network, the sketch assistant (SA), to generate photo quality images based on architects' sketches. The language assistant and sketch assistant combined can facilitate architect-client communication during the pre-design stage.
keywords	Architect-Client Communication; Pre-design; Architectural Programming; Machine Learning; Schematic Design
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	caadria2021_382
id	caadria2021_382
authors	Heidari, Farahbod, Saleh Tabari, Mohammad Hassan, Mahdavinejad, Mohammadjavad, Werner, Liss C. and Roohabadi, Maryam
year	2021
title	Bio-Energy Management from Micro-Algae Bio-Computational Based Reactor
source	A. Globa, J. van Ameijde, A. Fingrut, N. Kim, T.T.S. Lo (eds.), PROJECTIONS - Proceedings of the 26th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Online, Hong Kong, 29 March - 1 April 2021, pp. 401-410
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2021.1.401
summary	Microalgae are a sustainable source of unique properties with potential for various applications. Biofuel production has led to the use of them as bioreactors on an architectural scale. Most of these efforts cannot manage the output due to the lack of intelligent control and monitoring over environmental micro-scale growth. This research presents the possibility of control and monitoring over the bio-energy retrieved through micro-organisms in bio-reactors, specifically the growth environments computation. To achieve monitoring, three dimensions of the medium culture captured by cameras, and with the advantage of image processing, the picture frames pixel values measured. In this process, we use the Python OpenCV Library as an image processing reference. Finally, a specifically developed algorithm analyses the calculated 3d-matrix. By changing the environmental parameters, control happens by directly recognizing changes in density and outputs. This researchs computational process has proposed a novel approach for controlling particle-based environments to reach the desired functions of microorganisms, This approach can use in a wide range of cases as a method.
keywords	Bio-Computation; Monitoring; Image Processing; Pattern Recognition; Multi-Functional Bio-Materials
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:49

_id	sigradi2021_97
id	sigradi2021_97
authors	Pires, Júlio César Pinheiro, Avalone Neto, Olavo and Cenci, Laline Elisângela
year	2021
title	Color Selection System Based on Linear Regression and ANN
source	Gomez, P and Braida, F (eds.), Designing Possibilities - Proceedings of the XXV International Conference of the Ibero-American Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2021), Online, 8 - 12 November 2021, pp. 327–338
summary	Color selection is one of several abilities necessary for architectural design. This study presents a web-based JavaScript application capable of foreseeing a color scheme combination that matches a client’s choice pattern based on previous choices made by them. It uses linear regression and Adapted Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for color and shade selection. First, it estimates users’ choice patterns through least mean squares and applies that in the generation of other patterns. It then considers the least square means through a weight factor for the training stage. This study presents the validation of the first process and the correlation between the application’s estimated results and users’ color match expectations. 81.9% of participants found estimated responses to be similar or very similar to the choices they would make; 88% found usage intuitive or very intuitive, and 88.6% agrees the application has some utility to their professional life.
keywords	Cores, regressao linear, sistema de informaçao, análise estatística, moodboard.
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/05/23 12:10

_id	caadria2021_051
id	caadria2021_051
authors	Wu, Shaoji
year	2021
title	Hyperlinking Mechanisms in Commercial Complex - An Example of The Spatial Network in Taikoo Li Sanlitun,Beijing
source	A. Globa, J. van Ameijde, A. Fingrut, N. Kim, T.T.S. Lo (eds.), PROJECTIONS - Proceedings of the 26th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Online, Hong Kong, 29 March - 1 April 2021, pp. 509-518
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2021.2.509
summary	Commercial complexes play an important role in contemporary cities, with elevators, escalators, and other paths on which people do not take natural movement in it. We consider them as spatial hyperlinking paths, which is originated from the webs hyperlinking technology. This paper studies the path network system in Taikoo Li, Sanlitun, Beijing, in three steps. Firstly, The path system is transformed into a network model, and its spatial network distribution is characterized using betweenness centrality. Secondly, a deep learning approach is used to measure the peoples flow at the selected 102 observation points. Then a multiple linear regression(MLR) analysis is conducted using the flow data as dependent variable. And there are 7 independent variables in three types, including betweenness centrality C, H1 and H2 that related to spatial hyperlinks, and B1, F1, F2, and F3 that related to floors. Thirdly, analyzing the MLR model.There are two conclusions. First, using multiple independent variables is better than one variable to fit the peoples flow distribution using the regression model. Second, escalators have the effect of enhancing peoples flow, while elevators have the opposite effect.
keywords	Spatial Hyperlink; 3D spatial networks; Commercial Complex
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	acadia21_530
id	acadia21_530
authors	Adel, Arash; Augustynowicz, Edyta; Wehrle, Thomas
year	2021
title	Robotic Timber Construction
source	ACADIA 2021: Realignments: Toward Critical Computation [Proceedings of the 41st Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-986-08056-7]. Online and Global. 3-6 November 2021. edited by S. Parascho, J. Scott, and K. Dörfler. 530-537.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2021.530
summary	Several research projects (Gramazio et al. 2014; Willmann et al. 2015; Helm et al. 2017; Adel et al. 2018; Adel Ahmadian 2020) have investigated the use of automated assembly technologies (e.g., industrial robotic arms) for the fabrication of nonstandard timber structures. Building on these projects, we present a novel and transferable process for the robotic fabrication of bespoke timber subassemblies made of off-the-shelf standard timber elements. A nonstandard timber structure (Figure 2), consisting of four bespoke subassemblies: three vertical supports and a Zollinger (Allen 1999) roof structure, acts as the case study for the research and validates the feasibility of the proposed process.
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

_id	acadia21_328
id	acadia21_328
authors	Akbari, Mostafa; Lu, Yao; Akbarzadeh, Masoud
year	2021
title	From Design to the Fabrication of Shellular Funicular Structures
source	ACADIA 2021: Realignments: Toward Critical Computation [Proceedings of the 41st Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-986-08056-7]. Online and Global. 3-6 November 2021. edited by B. Bogosian, K. Dörfler, B. Farahi, J. Garcia del Castillo y López, J. Grant, V. Noel, S. Parascho, and J. Scott. 328-339.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2021.328
summary	Shellular Funicular Structures (SFSs) are single-layer, two-manifold structures with anticlastic curvature, designed in the context of graphic statics. They are considered as efficient structures applicable to many functions on different scales. Due to their complex geometry, design and fabrication of SFSs are quite challenging, limiting their application in large scales. Furthermore, designing these structures for a predefined boundary condition, control, and manipulation of their geometry are not easy tasks. Moreover, fabricating these geometries is mostly possible using additive manufacturing techniques, requiring a lot of supports in the printing process. Cellular funicular structures (CFSs) as strut-based spatial structures can be easily designed and manipulated in the context of graphic statics. This paper introduces a computational algorithm for translating a Cellular Funicular Structure (CFS) to a Shellular Funicular Structure (SFS). Furthermore, it explains a fabrication method to build the structure out of a flat sheet of material using the origami/ kirigami technique as an ideal choice because of its accessibility, processibility, low cost, and applicability to large scales. The paper concludes by displaying a structure that is designed and fabricated using this technique.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

_id	caadria2021_399
id	caadria2021_399
authors	Alsalman, Osama, Erhan, Halil, Haas, Alyssa, Abuzuraiq, Ahmed M. and Zarei, Maryam
year	2021
title	Design Analytics and Data-Driven Collaboration in Evaluating Alternatives
source	A. Globa, J. van Ameijde, A. Fingrut, N. Kim, T.T.S. Lo (eds.), PROJECTIONS - Proceedings of the 26th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Online, Hong Kong, 29 March - 1 April 2021, pp. 101-110
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2021.2.101
summary	Evaluation of design ideas is an important task throughout the life cycle of design development in the AEC industry. It involves multiple stakeholders with diverse backgrounds and interests. However, there is limited computational support which through this collaboration is facilitated, in particular for projects that are complex. Current systems are either highly specialized for designers or configured for a particular purpose or design workflow overlooking other stakeholders' needs. We present our approach to motivating participatory and collaborative design decision-making on alternative solutions as early as possible in the design process. The main principle motivating our approach is giving the stakeholders the control over customizing the data presentation interfaces. We introduce our prototype system D-ART as a collection of customizable web interfaces supporting design data form and performance presentation, feedback input, design solutions comparisons, and feedback compiling and presentation. Finally, we started the evaluation of these interfaces through an expert evaluation process which generally reported positive results. Although the results are not conclusive, they hint towards the need for presenting and compiling feedback back to the designers which will be the main point of our future work.
keywords	Design Analytics; Collaboration; Visualizations
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	acadia21_238
id	acadia21_238
authors	Anifowose, Hassan; Yan, Wei; Dixit, Manish
year	2021
title	BIM LOD + Virtual Reality
source	ACADIA 2021: Realignments: Toward Critical Computation [Proceedings of the 41st Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-986-08056-7]. Online and Global. 3-6 November 2021. edited by B. Bogosian, K. Dörfler, B. Farahi, J. Garcia del Castillo y López, J. Grant, V. Noel, S. Parascho, and J. Scott. 238-245.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2021.238
summary	Architectural Education faces limitations due to its tactile approach to learning in classrooms with only 2-D and 3-D tools. At a higher level, virtual reality provides a potential for delivering more information to individuals undergoing design learning. This paper investigates a hypothesis establishing grounds towards a new research in Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Virtual Reality (VR). The hypothesis is projected to determine best practices for content creation and tactile object virtual interaction, which potentially can improve learning in architectural & construction education with a less costly approach and ease of access to well-known buildings. We explored this hypothesis in a step-by-step game design demonstration in VR, by showcasing the exploration of the Farnsworth House and reproducing assemblage of the same with different game levels of difficulty which correspond with varying BIM levels of development (LODs). The game design prototype equally provides an entry way and learning style for users with or without a formal architectural or construction education seeking to understand design tectonics within diverse or cross-disciplinary study cases. This paper shows that developing geometric abstract concepts of design pedagogy, using varying LODs for game content and levels, while utilizing newly developed features such as snap-to-grid, snap-to-position and snap-to-angle to improve user engagement during assemblage may provide deeper learning objectives for architectural precedent study.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

_id	acadia21_258
id	acadia21_258
authors	Augustynowicz, Edyta; Smigielska, Maria; Nikles, Daniel; Wehrle, Thomas; Wagner, Heinz
year	2021
title	Parametric design and multirobotic fabrication of wood facades
source	ACADIA 2021: Realignments: Toward Critical Computation [Proceedings of the 41st Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-986-08056-7]. Online and Global. 3-6 November 2021. edited by B. Bogosian, K. Dörfler, B. Farahi, J. Garcia del Castillo y López, J. Grant, V. Noel, S. Parascho, and J. Scott. 258-269.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2021.258
summary	The paper describes the findings of the applied research project by Institute Integrative Design (currently ICDP) HGK FHNW and ERNE AG Holzbau to design and manufacture prefabricated wooden façades in the collaborative design manner between architects and industry. As such, it is an attempt to respond to the current interdisciplinary split in the construction, which blocks innovation and promotes standardized inefficient building solutions. Within this project, we apply three innovations in the industrial setup that result in the integrated design-to-production process of individualized, cost-efficient and well-crafted façades. The collaborative design approach is a method in which architect, engineer and manufacturer start exchange on the early stage of the project during the collaborative design workshops. Digital design and fabrication tools enable architects to generate a large scope of façade variations within production feasibility of the manufacturer and engineers to prepare files for robotic production. Novel multi-robot fabrication processes, developed with the industrial partner, allows for complex façade assembly. This paper introduces the concept of digital craftsmanship, manifested in a mixed fabrication system, which intelligently combines automated and manual production to obtain economic feasibility and highest aesthetic quality. Finally, we describe the design and fabrication of the project demonstrator consisting of four intricate façades on a modular office building, inspired by local traditional solutions, which validate the developed methods and highlight the architectural potential of the presented approach.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

_id	acadia21_318
id	acadia21_318
authors	Borhani, Alireza; Kalantar, Negar
year	2021
title	Nesting Fabrication
source	ACADIA 2021: Realignments: Toward Critical Computation [Proceedings of the 41st Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-986-08056-7]. Online and Global. 3-6 November 2021. edited by B. Bogosian, K. Dörfler, B. Farahi, J. Garcia del Castillo y López, J. Grant, V. Noel, S. Parascho, and J. Scott. 318-327.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2021.318
summary	Positioned at the intersection of the computational modes of design and production, this research explains the principles and applications of a novel fabrication-informed geometric system called nesting. Applying the nesting fabrication method, the authors reimage the construction of complex forms by proposing geometric arrangements that lessen material waste and reduce production time, transportation cost, and storage space requirements. Through this method, appearance and performance characteristics are contingent on fabrication constraints and material behavior. In this study, the focus is on developing design rules for this method and investigating the main parameters involved in dividing the global geometry of a complex volume into stackable components when the first component in the stack gives shape to the second. The authors introduce three different strategies for nesting fabrication: 2D, 2.5D, and 3D nesting. Which of these strategies can be used depends on the geometrical needs of the design and available tools and materials. Next, by revisiting different fabrication approaches, the authors introduce readers to the possibility of large-scale objects with considerable overhangs without the need for nearly any temporary support structures. After establishing a workflow starting with the identification of geometric rules of nesting and ending with fabrication limits, this work showcases the proposed workflow through a series of case studies, demonstrating the feasibility of the suggested method and its capacity to integrate production constraints into the design process. Traversing from pragmatic to geometrical concerns, the approach discussed here offers an integrated approach supporting functional, structural, and environmental matters important when turning material, technical, assembly, and transportation systems into geometric parameters.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

_id	acadia21_400
id	acadia21_400
authors	Bruce, Mackenzie; Clune, Gabrielle; Xie, Ruxin; Mozaffari, Salma; Adel, Arash
year	2021
title	Cocoon: 3D Printed Clay Formwork for Concrete Casting
source	ACADIA 2021: Realignments: Toward Critical Computation [Proceedings of the 41st Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-986-08056-7]. Online and Global. 3-6 November 2021. edited by B. Bogosian, K. Dörfler, B. Farahi, J. Garcia del Castillo y López, J. Grant, V. Noel, S. Parascho, and J. Scott. 400-409.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2021.400
summary	Concrete, a material widely used in the construction industry today for its low cost and considerable strength as a composite building material, allows designers to work with nearly any form imaginable; if the technology to build the formwork is possible. By combining two historic and widely used materials, clay and concrete, our proposed novel process, Cocoon, integrates robotic clay three-dimensional (3D) printing as the primary formwork and incrementally casting concrete into this formwork to fabricate nonstandard concrete elements. The incremental casting and printing process anchors the concrete and clay together, creating a symbiotic and harmonious relationship. The concrete’s fluidity takes shape from the 3D printed clay formwork, allowing the clay to gain structure from the concrete as it cures. As the clay loses moisture, the formwork begins to shrink, crack, and reveal the concrete below. This self-demolding process produces easily removable formwork that can then be recycled by adding water to rehydrate the clay creating a nearly zero-waste formwork. This technique outlines multiple novel design features for complex concrete structures, including extended height limit, integrated void space design, tolerable overhang, and practical solutions for clay deformation caused by the physical stress during the casting process. The novelty of the process created by 3D printing clay formwork using an industrial robotic arm allows for rapid and scalable production of nearly zero-waste customizable formwork. More significant research implications can impact the construction industry, integrating more sustainable ways to build, enabled by digital fabrication technologies.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

_id	acadia21_160
id	acadia21_160
authors	Cao, Shicong; Zheng, Hao
year	2021
title	A POI-Based Machine Learning Method in Predicting Health
source	ACADIA 2021: Realignments: Toward Critical Computation [Proceedings of the 41st Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-986-08056-7]. Online and Global. 3-6 November 2021. edited by B. Bogosian, K. Dörfler, B. Farahi, J. Garcia del Castillo y López, J. Grant, V. Noel, S. Parascho, and J. Scott. 160-169.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2021.160
summary	This research aims to explore the quantitative relationship between urban planning decisions and the health status of residents. By modeling the Point of Interest (POI) data and the geographic distribution of health-related outcomes, the research explores the critical factors in urban planning that could influence the health status of residents. It also informs decision-making regarding a healthier built environment and opens up possibilities for other data-driven methods. The data source constitutes two data sets, the POI data from OpenStreetMap, and the PLACES: Local Data for Better Health dataset from CDC. After the data is collected and joined spatially, a machine learning method is used to select the most critical urban features in predicting the health outcomes of residents. Several machine learning models are trained and compared. With the chosen model, the prediction is evaluated on the test dataset and mapped geographically. The relations between factors are explored and interpreted. Finally, to understand the implications for urban design, the impact of modified POI data on the prediction of residents' health status is calculated and compared. This research proves the possibility of predicting resident's health from urban conditions with machine learning methods. The result verifies existing healthy urban design theories from a different perspective. This approach shows vast potential that data could in future assist decision-making to achieve a healthier built environment.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

_id	acadia21_444
id	acadia21_444
authors	Crawford, Assia
year	2021
title	Mitochondrial Matrix
source	ACADIA 2021: Realignments: Toward Critical Computation [Proceedings of the 41st Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-986-08056-7]. Online and Global. 3-6 November 2021. edited by B. Bogosian, K. Dörfler, B. Farahi, J. Garcia del Castillo y López, J. Grant, V. Noel, S. Parascho, and J. Scott. 444-453.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2021.444
summary	The following project was created as part of an art residency with the Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research (WCMR) at Newcastle University. The WCMR specializes in leading-edge research into mitochondrial disease, investigating causes, treatments, and ways of avoiding hereditary transmission. Mitochondria is believed to have started off as a separate species that through symbiosis came to be the powerhouse of each cell in our bodies (Hird 2009). Mitochondrial disease is a genetic disorder that is caused by genetic mutations of the DNA of the mitochondria or the cell that in turn affects the mitochondria (Bolano 2018). Mitochondria is a hereditary condition and can affect people at different stages in their lives. It can affect various organs and has a link to various types of conditions. Therefore, the patient experience is unique to each individual and the elusive nature of the condition can make it particularly challenging due to the complexity of the disorder as well as the inaccessible scale on which these variations occur (Chinnery 2014)
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

_id	acadia21_302
id	acadia21_302
authors	Diniz, Nancy; Melendez, Frank
year	2021
title	Inoculated Matter
source	ACADIA 2021: Realignments: Toward Critical Computation [Proceedings of the 41st Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-986-08056-7]. Online and Global. 3-6 November 2021. edited by B. Bogosian, K. Dörfler, B. Farahi, J. Garcia del Castillo y López, J. Grant, V. Noel, S. Parascho, and J. Scott. 302-305.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2021.302
summary	INOCULATED MATTER looks towards new possibilities for designing and making architectural elements with living organisms, upcycled waste, and 3D printing technologies. This research project, which is currently ongoing and has been developed over the past two years, includes a series of multi-scalar mycelium bio-composites, as a means of redefining material, water, and energy in the face of changing scales of manufacturing and resource cycles.
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

_id	acadia21_540
id	acadia21_540
authors	Doyle, Shelby; Senske, Nick
year	2021
title	Computational Access
source	ACADIA 2021: Realignments: Toward Critical Computation [Proceedings of the 41st Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-986-08056-7]. Online and Global. 3-6 November 2021. edited by B. Bogosian, K. Dörfler, B. Farahi, J. Garcia del Castillo y López, J. Grant, V. Noel, S. Parascho, and J. Scott. 540-545.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2021.540
summary	While technology has rapidly become available to more people, there is still a lack of representation and diversity among the individuals who develop and create with it. The implication of computational design and digital fabrication scholarship is that knowledge circulates through publications when, in a practical sense, it tends to be consolidated within a limited set of people and institutions. Even as the costs of hardware trend lower and free software and workfl ows are published online, specialized education and social capital are often necessary to apply this knowledge and produce innovative digital designs. And so, access to technology alone does not necessarily lead to greater equity. Improving access to digital design knowledge—specifically methods and processes—could help address this concern. In scientific publications outside of architecture, the methodology section and technical appendices are critical to verification and advancement of the field. If an experiment cannot be duplicated, the validity of the result is called into question. The same standard does not seem to apply in computational design and digital fabrication, as the descriptions of projects are seldom detailed, transparent, or instructive enough to permit replication.
series	ACADIA
type	field note
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

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