Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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Hits 1 to 20 of 613

Reformat results as: short short into frame detailed detailed into frame

_id	caadria2021_250
id	caadria2021_250
authors	Aghaei Meibodi, Mania, Odaglia, Pietro and Dillenburger, Benjamin
year	2021
title	Min-Max: Reusable 3D printed formwork for thin-shell concrete structures - Reusable 3D printed formwork for thin-shell concrete structures
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2021.1.743
source	A. Globa, J. van Ameijde, A. Fingrut, N. Kim, T.T.S. Lo (eds.), PROJECTIONS - Proceedings of the 26th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Online, Hong Kong, 29 March - 1 April 2021, pp. 743-752
summary	This paper presents an approach for reusable formwork for thin-shell, double-sided highly detailed surfaces based on binder jet 3D printing technology. Using binder jetting for reusable formwork outperforms the milled and 3D printed thermoplastic formwork in terms of speed and cost of fabrication, precision, and structural strength against deformation. The research further investigated the synergy of binder jetting sandstone formwork with glass-fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC) to fabricate lightweight, durable, and highly detailed facade elements.We could demonstrate the feasibility of this approach by fabricating a minimal surface structure assembled from 32 glass-fiber reinforced concrete elements, cast with 4 individual formwork elements, each of them reused 8 times. By showing that 3D printed (3DP) formwork cannot only be used once but also for small series production we increase the field of economic application of 3D printed formwork. The presented fabrication method of formwork based on additive manufacturing opens the door to more individualized, freeform architecture.
keywords	Binder Jet 3D Printing; 3D Printed Formwork; Reusable Formwork; Minimal Surface; GFRC (GRC)
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	sigradi2021_88
id	sigradi2021_88
authors	Evrim, Berfin
year	2021
title	Hybrid Carbon Fiber and Jute Fiber Textile Bone Stool: Integrative Fabrication Method of Weaving and 3D Printing
source	Gomez, P and Braida, F (eds.), Designing Possibilities - Proceedings of the XXV International Conference of the Ibero-American Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2021), Online, 8 - 12 November 2021, pp. 629–641
summary	The structural properties of Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRP) encourage designers and architects to use textiles as a load-bearing architectural material to create lightweight and strong structures. Manufacturing techniques of FRPs are mostly concentrated on the molding method. This method requires an extra mold fabrication that causes waste of material. This study focuses on integrative weaving and 3D printing fabrication methods, which emphasize the lightweight property of the material. This integrative method avoids excessive material waste during fabrication by using an additive approach. 3D printing on textiles prevents significant deformation in a specific direction of the fabric instead of using any kind of synthetic resin for stiffening the fabric. Additionally, structural behavior simulation allows designers to understand the different loading conditions and maximize the strengths of each textile design by adding more material where it is needed for possible architectural applications.
keywords	Stool Design, Bone Analysis, Textile Load Simulation, Weaving, 3D Printing
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/05/23 12:11

_id	caadria2021_282
id	caadria2021_282
authors	Jauk, Julian, VaÅ¡atko, Hana, Gosch, Lukas, Christian, Ingolf, Klaus, Anita and Stavric, Milena
year	2021
title	Digital Fabrication of Growth - Combining digital manufacturing of clay with natural growth of mycelium
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2021.1.753
source	A. Globa, J. van Ameijde, A. Fingrut, N. Kim, T.T.S. Lo (eds.), PROJECTIONS - Proceedings of the 26th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Online, Hong Kong, 29 March - 1 April 2021, pp. 753-762
summary	In this paper we will demonstrate that a digital workflow and a living material such as mycelium, make the creation of smart structural designs possible. Ceramics industries are not as technically advanced in terms of digital fabrication, as the concrete or steel industries are. At the same time, bio-based materials that use growth as a manufacturing method, are often lacking in basic research. Our interdisciplinary research combines digital manufacturing - allowing a controlled material distribution, with the use of mycelial growth - enabling fibre connections on a microscopic scale. We developed a structure that uses material informed toolpaths for paste-based extrusion, which are built on the foundation of experiments that compare material properties and observations of growth. In this manner the tensile strength of 3D printed unfired clay elements was increased by using mycelium as an intelligently oriented fibre reinforcement. Assembling clay-mycelium composites in a living state allows force-transmitting connections within the structure. The composite named 'MyCera' has exhibited structural properties that open up the possibility of its implementation in the building industry. In this context it allows the design and efficient manufacturing of lightweight ceramic constructions customized to this composite, which would not have been possible using conventional ceramics fabrication methods.
keywords	Mycelium; Clay; 3D Printing; Growth; Bio-welding
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	acadia21_410
id	acadia21_410
authors	Meibodi, Mania Aghaei; Craney, Ryan; McGee, Wes
year	2021
title	Robotic Pellet Extrusion: 3D Printing and Integral Computational Design
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2021.410
source	ACADIA 2021: Realignments: Toward Critical Computation [Proceedings of the 41st Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-986-08056-7]. Online and Global. 3-6 November 2021. edited by B. Bogosian, K. Dörfler, B. Farahi, J. Garcia del Castillo y López, J. Grant, V. Noel, S. Parascho, and J. Scott. 410-419.
summary	3D printing offers significant geometric freedom and allows the fabrication of integral parts. This research showcases how robotic fused deposition modeling (FDM) enables the prefabrication of large-scale, lightweight, and ready-to-cast freeform formwork to minimize material waste, labor, and errors in the construction process while increasing the speed of production and economic viability of casting non-standard concrete elements. This is achieved through the development of a digital design-to-production workflow for concrete formwork. All functions that are needed in the final product, an integrally insulated steel-reinforced concrete wall, and the process for a successful cast, are fully integrated into the formwork system. A parametric model for integrated structural ribbing is developed and verified using finite element analysis. A case study is presented which showcases the fully integrated system in the production of a 2.4 m tall x 2.0 m curved concrete wall. This research demonstrates the potential for large-scale additive manufacturing to enable the efficient production of non-standard concrete formwork.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

_id	ecaade2021_169
id	ecaade2021_169
authors	Qi, Yue, Zhong, Ruqing, Kaiser, Benjamin, Tahouni, Yasaman, Wagner, Hans-Jakob, Verl, Alexander and Menges, Achim
year	2021
title	Augmented Accuracy - A human-machine integrated adaptive fabrication workflow for bamboo construction utilizing computer vision
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2021.1.345
source	Stojakovic, V and Tepavcevic, B (eds.), Towards a new, configurable architecture - Proceedings of the 39th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia, 8-10 September 2021, pp. 345-354
summary	Despite being sustainable, strong and lightweight, naturally grown bamboo poles are currently used in restricted building typologies. This is due to the large tolerances in the built structures, which is caused by the variations in the dimensions and geometry of natural material as well as the manual, uninformed and imprecise assembly methods. In previous work, we introduced an adaptive fabrication method for bamboo structures that can monitor the fabrication process and compensate for deviations between built and designed form. As a proof of concept, the method is suitable for small scale bamboo structures in 2D- or simple 3D configuration. This paper extends the previous method by integrating the adaptation strategies into a cohesive fabrication and assembly workflow for large scale complex bamboo structures. To enable that, a more effective sensor localization method, adaptation algorithm, connection and assembly system, as well as web-based user interface are developed. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is demonstrated through the fabrication of a pavilion scale branching bamboo structure that complies with intended geometric boundary conditions. Even though the material has substantial geometrical variations, the final structure shows small geometric deviations and a successful interface with the prefabricated roof elements. Our work shows how vernacular materials and processes can be digitally augmented in order to reliably produce building structures, hence enabling their usage in modern applications to a larger extent.
keywords	Adaptive Digital Fabrication; Construction Uncertainties; Computer Vision; Bamboo Structures; HMI
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 08:00

_id	acadia21_308
id	acadia21_308
authors	Rossi, Gabriella; Chiujdea, Ruxandra; Colmo, Claudia; El Alami, Chada; Nicholas, Paul; Tamke, Martin; Ramsgaard Thomsen, Mette
year	2021
title	A Material Monitoring Framework
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2021.308
source	ACADIA 2021: Realignments: Toward Critical Computation [Proceedings of the 41st Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-986-08056-7]. Online and Global. 3-6 November 2021. edited by B. Bogosian, K. Dörfler, B. Farahi, J. Garcia del Castillo y López, J. Grant, V. Noel, S. Parascho, and J. Scott. 308-317.
summary	Through 3d printing, cellulose-based biopolymers undergo a two-staged hybrid fabrication process, where initial rapid forming is followed by a slower secondary stage of curing. During this curing large quantities of water are evaporated from the material which results in anisotropic deformations. In order to harness the potential of 3d printing biopolymers for architectural applications, it is necessary to understand this extended timeline of material activity and its implications on critical architectural factors related to overall element shrinkage, positional change of joints, and overall assembly tolerance. This paper presents a flexible multi-modal sensing framework for the understanding of complex material behavior of 3d printed cellulose biopolymers during their transient curing process. We report on the building of a Sensor Rig, that interfaces multiple aspects of the curing of our cellulose-slurry print experiments, using a mix of image-based, marker-based, and pin-based protocols for data collection. Our method uses timestamps as a common parameter to interface various modes of curing monitoring through multi-dimensional time slices. In this way, we are able to uncover underlying correlations and affects between the different phenomena occuring during curing. We report on the developed data pipelines enabling the Monitoring Framework and its associated software and hardware implementation. Through graphical Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) of 3 print experiments, we demonstrate that geometry is the main driver for behavior control. This finding is key to future architectural-scale explorations.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

_id	sigradi2021_28
id	sigradi2021_28
authors	Atsumi, Kei, Hanazato, Toshihiro and Kato, Osamu
year	2021
title	The Assembly and Fabrication of Double Curved Panel Structure Using Japanese wood Joints created by Desktop 3D Printers
source	Gomez, P and Braida, F (eds.), Designing Possibilities - Proceedings of the XXV International Conference of the Ibero-American Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2021), Online, 8 - 12 November 2021, pp. 1245–1255
summary	This research presents a new direction for freeform structure assembly and fabrication through the collaboration of 3D printing technology and Japanese wood joining technology. Full-scale, self-build prototyping is demonstrated without glue or metal fittings. Rather than relying on digital fabrication machines to match the architectural scale, this study utilizes the Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) with desktop 3D printers, which is the most widespread and inexpensive printing technology. By incorporating the perspectives of wood joinery and compact 3D printers, this study promotes a drastic change in 3D printed architectural production from a massive structure-oriented system to a module-oriented system. The project demonstrates how artisanal knowledge integrates with 3D printing architectural production by reconfiguring joint geometry, parametric modeling, fabrication, and assembly processes. We discuss our research process and final achievements, and we provide new ideas for architectural production using digital fabrication.
keywords	Digital fabrication, Assembly, Japanese wood joints, 3D printing, Double- curved panel structure
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/05/23 12:11

_id	caadria2021_005
id	caadria2021_005
authors	Bedarf, Patrick, Martinez Schulte, Dinorah, Åženol, AyÃ§a, Jeoffroy, Etienne and Dillenburger, Benjamin
year	2021
title	Robotic 3D Printing of Mineral Foam for a Lightweight Composite Facade Shading Panel
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2021.1.603
source	A. Globa, J. van Ameijde, A. Fingrut, N. Kim, T.T.S. Lo (eds.), PROJECTIONS - Proceedings of the 26th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Online, Hong Kong, 29 March - 1 April 2021, pp. 603-612
summary	This paper presents the design and fabrication of a lightweight composite facade shading panel using 3D printing (3DP) of mineral foams. Albeit their important role in industrial construction practice as insulators and lightweight materials, only little research has been conducted to use foams in 3DP. However, the recent development of highly porous mineral foams that are very suitable for extrusion printing opens a new chapter for development of geometrically complex lightweight building components with efficient formwork-free additive manufacturing processes. The work documented in this paper was based on preliminary material and fabrication development of a larger research endeavor and systematically explored designs for small interlocking foam modules. Furthermore, the robotic 3D Printing setup and subsequent processing parameters were tested in detail. Through extensive prototyping, the design space of a final demonstrator shading panel was mapped and refined. The design and fabrication process is documented and shows the potential of the novel material system in combination with fiber-reinforced ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC). The resulting composite shading panel highlights the benefits of using mineral foam 3DP to fabricate freeform stay-in-place formwork for lightweight facade applications. Furthermore, this paper discusses the challenges and limitations encountered during the project and gives a conclusive outlook for future research.
keywords	robotic 3d-printing; mineral foam; lightweight construction; concrete formwork; facade shading panel
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	acadia21_400
id	acadia21_400
authors	Bruce, Mackenzie; Clune, Gabrielle; Xie, Ruxin; Mozaffari, Salma; Adel, Arash
year	2021
title	Cocoon: 3D Printed Clay Formwork for Concrete Casting
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2021.400
source	ACADIA 2021: Realignments: Toward Critical Computation [Proceedings of the 41st Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-986-08056-7]. Online and Global. 3-6 November 2021. edited by B. Bogosian, K. Dörfler, B. Farahi, J. Garcia del Castillo y López, J. Grant, V. Noel, S. Parascho, and J. Scott. 400-409.
summary	Concrete, a material widely used in the construction industry today for its low cost and considerable strength as a composite building material, allows designers to work with nearly any form imaginable; if the technology to build the formwork is possible. By combining two historic and widely used materials, clay and concrete, our proposed novel process, Cocoon, integrates robotic clay three-dimensional (3D) printing as the primary formwork and incrementally casting concrete into this formwork to fabricate nonstandard concrete elements. The incremental casting and printing process anchors the concrete and clay together, creating a symbiotic and harmonious relationship. The concrete’s fluidity takes shape from the 3D printed clay formwork, allowing the clay to gain structure from the concrete as it cures. As the clay loses moisture, the formwork begins to shrink, crack, and reveal the concrete below. This self-demolding process produces easily removable formwork that can then be recycled by adding water to rehydrate the clay creating a nearly zero-waste formwork. This technique outlines multiple novel design features for complex concrete structures, including extended height limit, integrated void space design, tolerable overhang, and practical solutions for clay deformation caused by the physical stress during the casting process. The novelty of the process created by 3D printing clay formwork using an industrial robotic arm allows for rapid and scalable production of nearly zero-waste customizable formwork. More significant research implications can impact the construction industry, integrating more sustainable ways to build, enabled by digital fabrication technologies.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

_id	ijac202119407
id	ijac202119407
authors	Haeusler, Matthias H.; Gardner, Nicole; Yu, Daniel K.; Oh, Claire; Huang, Blair
year	2021
title	(Computationally) designing out waste: Developing a computational design workflow for minimising construction and demolition waste in early-stage architectural design
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing 2021, Vol. 19 - no. 4, 594–611
summary	In the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry, waste is oft framed as an economic problemtypically addressed in a building’s construction and demolition phase. Yet, architectural design decision-making can significantly determine construction waste outcomes. Following the logic of zero waste, thisresearch addresses waste minimisation‘at the source’. By resituating the problem of construction wastewithin the architectural design process, the research explores waste as a data and informational problem in adesign system. Accordingly, this article outlines the creation of an integrated computational design decisionsupport waste tool that employs a novel data structure combining HTML-scraped material data and historicbuilding information modelling (BIM) data to generate waste evaluations in a browser-based 3D modellingplatform. Designing an accessible construction waste tool for use by architects and designers aims to heightenawareness of the waste implications of design decisions towards challenging the systems of consumption andproduction that generate construction and demolition waste.
keywords	Construction and demolition waste, waste minimisation, zero waste, BIM databases, design process, designmanagement, web scraping, computational design, software product development
series	journal
email
last changed	2024/04/17 14:29

_id	caadria2021_027
id	caadria2021_027
authors	Lu, Ming, Zhou, Yifan, Wang, Xiang and Yuan, Philip F.
year	2021
title	An optimization method for large-scale 3D printing - Generate external axis motion using Fourier series
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2021.1.683
source	A. Globa, J. van Ameijde, A. Fingrut, N. Kim, T.T.S. Lo (eds.), PROJECTIONS - Proceedings of the 26th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Online, Hong Kong, 29 March - 1 April 2021, pp. 683-692
summary	With the increase in labor costs, more and more robot constructions appear in building construction and spatial structure fabrication. There are many robots working on large-scale objects. When the reach range of the robot cannot meet the requirements, so an external axis is needed. The external axis is usually a linear motion device, which can significantly increase the operating range of the robotic arm. In actual construction, it is also widely used. This article introduces a 3d printing coffee bar project. Because this project is of a large scale and needs to be printed at one time, the XYZ external axis was used in this project to complete the task. Inspired by this project, this article study several methods of optimizing the motion of external axes in large-scale construction. Finally, we chose to use the Fourier series as the most suitable method to optimize the printing path and programed this method as a component of FUROBOT for more convenient use. This article explains the principle of this method in detail. Finally, this article uses a 3D printing example to illustrate the precautions in actual use.
keywords	robotics; motion optimize; Fourier series; 3D printing; external axis
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	caadria2023_395
id	caadria2023_395
authors	Luo, Jiaxiang, Mastrokalou, Efthymia, Aldaboos, Sarah and Aldabous, Rahaf
year	2023
title	Research on the Exploration of Sprayed Clay Material and Modeling System
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.2.231
source	Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 231–240
summary	As a traditional building material, clay has been used by humans for a long time. From early civilisations, to the modern dependence on new technologies, the craft of clay making is commonly linked with the use of moulds, handmade creations, ceramic extruders, etc. (Schmandt and Besserat, 1977). Clay in the form of bricks is one of the oldest building materials known (Fernandes et al, 2010). This research expands the possibilities offered by standardised bricks by testing types of clay, forms, shapes, porosity, and structural methods. The traditional way of working with clay relies on human craftsmanship and is based on the use of semi-solid clay (Fernandes et al., 2010). However, there is little research on the use of clay slurry. With the rise of 3D printing systems in recent years, research and development has been emerging on using clay as a 3D printing filament (Gürsoy, 2018). Researchers have discovered that in order for 3D-printed clay slurry to solidify quickly to support the weight of the added layers during printing, curing agents such as lime, coal ash, cement, etc. have to be added to the clay slurry. After adding these substances, clay is difficult to be reused and can have a negative effect on the environment (Chen et al., 2021). In this study, a unique method for manufacturing clay elements of intricate geometries is proposed with the help of an internal skeleton that can be continuously reused. The study introduces the process of applying clay on a special structure through spraying and showcases how this method creates various opportunities for customisation of production.
keywords	Spray clay, Substructure, 3D printing, Modelling system, Reusable
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2023/06/15 23:14

_id	ecaade2021_011
id	ecaade2021_011
authors	Nováková, Kateøina and Vele, Jiøí
year	2021
title	Prvok - An experiment with 3D printing large doublecurved concrete structure
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2021.2.137
source	Stojakovic, V and Tepavcevic, B (eds.), Towards a new, configurable architecture - Proceedings of the 39th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia, 8-10 September 2021, pp. 137-144
summary	In this experimental research project we report on the manufacturing process of the first full-size 3D printed concrete structure in our country. The house was 3D printed by an ABB IRB 6700 robot whose range we made fit with the requirements for transportation size and also, its range determined the size and geometry of the house. During the transformation process from sketch to code we involved students to apply computational design methods. We designed the main load bearing structure which had to be thinnest and lightest possible together with its insulation features and printability. We were aware of the world-wide research in this field started by NASA centennial Challenge called 3D-printed-habitat [Roman,2020] as well as start-ups derived from this research [1,2,3,4]. During the project, we investigated the following matters: (1) the relationship between geometry of the wall in model and in practice (2), setting of the robot and the mixture; and (3) stress test of the wall. With the results of the test we aimed at contribution to standardisation of 3D printed structures in ISO/ASTM 52939:2021. The finalized structure, named "Prvok", was made to prove printability of the mixture and stability of the design.
keywords	3D printing; robot; concrete; grasshopper; experiment; house
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	caadria2021_213
id	caadria2021_213
authors	Oghazian, Farzaneh and Vazquez, Elena
year	2021
title	A Multi-Scale Workflow for Designing with New Materials in Architecture: Case Studies across Materials and Scales - Case studies across materials and scales
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2021.1.533
source	A. Globa, J. van Ameijde, A. Fingrut, N. Kim, T.T.S. Lo (eds.), PROJECTIONS - Proceedings of the 26th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Online, Hong Kong, 29 March - 1 April 2021, pp. 533-542
summary	In this paper, we present a workflow developed for designing with and scaling-up new materials in architecture through an iterative cycle of materialization and testing. The framework establishes a connection between design requirements and form, taking advantage of different scales in new materials known as micro, meso, and macroscale in the process of design/manufacture. Different scales when dealing with material systems-especially in those that possess some level of uncertainty in their behavior from the formation process-make it challenging to deal with the different material variables controlled at each scale. This paper presents a brief review of existing design workflows centered on material properties. We then discuss case studies and argue for a multi-scale approach for design. Finally, we present the workflow. By implementing the workflow on two case studies, we answer how we can include material scales and their embedded properties as the central part of the design/manufacture process to aid in implementing new materials in architecture. The case studies are a responsive skin system and a free-standing tensile structure incorporating 3D printed wood filament and knitted yarn as the primary material.
keywords	material computation; material-based design; wood 3D printing; knitting; multi-scale workflow
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	cdrf2021_286
id	cdrf2021_286
authors	Yimeng Wei, Areti Markopoulou, Yuanshuang Zhu,Eduardo Chamorro Martin, and Nikol Kirova
year	2021
title	Additive Manufacture of Cellulose Based Bio-Material on Architectural Scale
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5983-6_27
source	Proceedings of the 2021 DigitalFUTURES The 3rd International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2021)
summary	There are severe environmental and ecological issues once we evaluate the architecture industry with LCA (Life Cycle Assessment), such as emission of CO2 caused by necessary high temperature for producing cement and significant amounts of Construction Demolition Waste (CDW) in deteriorated and obsolete buildings. One of the ways to solve these problems is Bio-Material. CELLULOSE and CHITON is the 1st and 2nd abundant substance in nature (Duro-Royo, J.: Aguahoja_ProgrammableWater-based Biocomposites for Digital Design and Fabrication across Scales. MIT, pp. 1–3 (2019)), which means significantly potential for architectural dimension production. Meanwhile, renewability and biodegradability make it more conducive to the current problem of construction pollution. The purpose of this study is to explore Cellulose Based Biomaterial and bring it into architectural scale additive manufacture that engages with performance in the material development, with respect to time of solidification and control of shrinkage, as well as offering mechanical strength. At present, the experiments have proved the possibility of developing a cellulose-chitosan- based composite into 3D-Printing Construction Material (Sanandiya, N.D., Vijay, Y., Dimopoulou, M., Dritsas, S., Fernandez, J.G.: Large-scale additive manufacturing with bioinspired cellulosic materials. Sci. Rep. 8(1), 1–5 (2018)). Moreover, The research shows that the characteristics (Such as waterproof, bending, compression, tensile, transparency) of the composite can be enhanced by different additives (such as xanthan gum, paper fiber, flour), which means it can be customized into various architectural components based on Performance Directional Optimization. This solution has a positive effect on environmental impact reduction and is of great significance in putting the architectural construction industry into a more environment-friendly and smart state.
series	cdrf
email
last changed	2022/09/29 07:53

_id	ecaade2021_040
id	ecaade2021_040
authors	Zhan, Qiang, Wu, Hao, Zhang, Liming, Yuan, Philip F. and Gao, Tianyi
year	2021
title	3D Concrete Printing with Variable Width Filament
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2021.2.153
source	Stojakovic, V and Tepavcevic, B (eds.), Towards a new, configurable architecture - Proceedings of the 39th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia, 8-10 September 2021, pp. 153-160
summary	Traditional mold-based concrete construction methods are inefficient, poor quality, and labor-intensive. Concrete 3D printing technology is expected to replace traditional methods as an emerging intelligent construction method due to its flexible, automatic, fast, and mold-free features. Concrete 3D printing is a method by extruding and selectively laminating construction materials onto a specific path, relying on fine-grained control of the printing material and the printing device. However, the maximum printing resolution is limited by the width of the toolpath. Filament width and printing resolution are two main factors that need to balance. In this paper, a variable width printing method is proposed using the active nozzle speed control method. The width of the print path can be adjusted according to the model details. A width control algorithm is proposed. The general workflow of variable width printing, including model preparation, toolpath planning, robotic fabrication, is also introduced, and a concrete bench is printed for experimental validation. The result shows great application potential for surface decoration and structural reinforcement. The efficiency, feasibility, and problems encountered in printing are analyzed and summarized.
keywords	3D concrete printing; variable filament width; robotic fabrication
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	ecaade2021_047
id	ecaade2021_047
authors	Zhang, Xiao, Yuan, Chao, Yang, Liu, Yu, Peiran, Ma, Yiwen, Qiu, Song, Guo, Zhe and Yuan, Philip F.
year	2021
title	Design and Fabrication of Formwork for Shell Structures Based on 3D-printing Technology
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2021.1.487
source	Stojakovic, V and Tepavcevic, B (eds.), Towards a new, configurable architecture - Proceedings of the 39th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia, 8-10 September 2021, pp. 487-496
summary	Shell structure is a kind of structure using a small amount of materials to obtain a large-span multi-functional space. However, lots of formwork and scaffold materials are often wasted in the construction process. This paper focuses on the shell structure construction using robotic 3D printing PLA (an environmental friendly material) technology as the background. The author explores the possibility of 3D printing technology in shell construction from small scale models in different construction method, and gradually optimizes the shell template shape suitable for PLA material in full-scale construction. Finally, the research team chose the bending-active 3D printing type and completed the construction of three full-scale concrete shell molds. Under the guidance of professor Philippe Block, the research team finished the final 3D printing mold with optimized slicing and bending logic and successfully used it as the template mold to carry the tiles which proved the feasibility of this construction method.
keywords	Shell structure ; Formwork ; Geometric analysis; Form-finding; 3d printing
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	ecaade2021_059
id	ecaade2021_059
authors	Lim, Ariel Cheng Sin and Thomsen, Mette Ramsgaard
year	2021
title	Multi-Material Fabrication for Biodegradable Structures - Enabling the printing of porous mycelium composite structures
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2021.1.085
source	Stojakovic, V and Tepavcevic, B (eds.), Towards a new, configurable architecture - Proceedings of the 39th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia, 8-10 September 2021, pp. 85-94
summary	Our awareness of the earth's depleting resources has directed focus towards biomaterials, which can be extracted sustainably and biodegraded after use. Current fabrication of biomaterial structures is still restricted in strength and geometry, limiting its use in construction. This paper presents a novel two-phase multi-material fabrication process to create mycelium composite structures of higher porosity and complexity with speculated improvements in strength. First, cellulose pulp inoculated with mycelium is extruded. Then, each layer is filled by a secondary supporting material. This material, in the form of a gravel- and sand-slurry, acts as an inhospitable medium steering mycelial growth, additionally improving aeration to produce stronger structures. After an intermediate growth period, the secondary material, reusable in a closed-loop production model, is removed to reveal the fully-grown mycelium structure. The paper reports on each of the three aspects: the fabrication process, material experimentation of primary and secondary substrates, as well as geometry of varying porosity and performance.
keywords	biomaterials; mycelium; biodegradable structures; robotic fabrication; additive manufacturing
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	ecaade2021_257
id	ecaade2021_257
authors	Cichocka, Judyta Maria, Loj, Szymon and Wloczyk, Marta Magdalena
year	2021
title	A Method for Generating Regular Grid Configurations on Free-From Surfaces for Structurally Sound Geodesic Gridshells
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2021.2.493
source	Stojakovic, V and Tepavcevic, B (eds.), Towards a new, configurable architecture - Proceedings of the 39th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia, 8-10 September 2021, pp. 493-502
summary	Gridshells are highly efficient, lightweight structures which can span long distances with minimal use of material (Vassallo & Malek 2017). One of the most promising and novel categories of gridshells are bending-active (elastic) systems (Lienhard & Gengnagel 2018), which are composed of flexible members (Kuijenhoven & Hoogenboom 2012). Timber elastic gridshells can be site-sprung or sequentially erected (geodesic). While a lot of research focus is on the site-sprung ones, the methods for design of sequentially-erected geodesic gridshells remained underdeveloped (Cichocka 2020). The main objective of the paper is to introduce a method of generating regular geodesic grid patterns on free-form surfaces and to examine its applicability to design structurally feasible geodesic gridshells. We adopted differential geometry methods of generating regular bidirectional geodesic grids on free-form surfaces. Then, we compared the structural performance of the regular and the irregular grids of the same density on three free-form surfaces. The proposed method successfully produces the regular geodesic grid patterns on the free-form surfaces with varying curvature-richness. Our analysis shows that gridshells with regular grid configurations perform structurally better than those with irregular patterns. We conclude that the presented method can be readily used and can expand possibilities of application of geodesic gridshells.
keywords	elastic timber gridshell; bending-active structure; grid configuration optimization; computational differential geometry; material-based design methodology; free-form surface; pattern; geodesic
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	ecaade2021_334
id	ecaade2021_334
authors	Gosch, Lukas, Jauk, Julian, Vašatko, Hana, Šamec, Elizabeta and Stavric, Milena
year	2021
title	ClayKnit - A composite structure of clay and knitted meshes
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2021.2.503
source	Stojakovic, V and Tepavcevic, B (eds.), Towards a new, configurable architecture - Proceedings of the 39th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia, 8-10 September 2021, pp. 503-510
summary	In this paper, we will demonstrate a new method of using knitted meshes to act as a formwork and to reinforce thin and hollow spatial clay structures. Currently, ceramic elements in the building industry are formed using extruding, pressing, or casting methods. This new approach can increase the usability of digitally fabricated lightweight elements, by spraying clay onto mass customised knitted meshes. Compared to fabrics that are used to shape concrete as a stay-in-place formwork, knitted meshes are available in various densities and changing patterns. They also offer the possibility to use a non-flexible thread as an elastic mesh. Knitted meshes are formed in a predefined shape by stretching them without the use of elaborate scaffolding. A specific liquid clay mixture is applied by spraying multiple layers onto the mesh by an industrial, six-axis robotic arm to precisely achieve variable wall thicknesses. Due to the complementary qualities of clay, which absorbs compressive forces and the threads, which absorb tensile forces, structures can be designed with a material optimisation scheme. To demonstrate the potential of such composite materials and the building process itself, a 1:1 lightweight module was constructed as an architectural prototype.
keywords	Ceramics; Knitted Threads; Digital Fabrication; 6-axis Robotic Arm; Spraying
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

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