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CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	caadria2021_078
id	caadria2021_078
authors	Li, Chao and Petzold, Frank
year	2021
title	Integrating digital design and Additive Manufacturing through BIM-based digital support - A decision support system using Semantic Web and Multi-Criteria Decision Making
source	A. Globa, J. van Ameijde, A. Fingrut, N. Kim, T.T.S. Lo (eds.), PROJECTIONS - Proceedings of the 26th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Online, Hong Kong, 29 March - 1 April 2021, pp. 263-270
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2021.1.263
summary	Additive Manufacturing in Construction (AMC) envisions a possible alternative for predominantly manual construction with various benefits. In addition to the well-known extrusion-based implementations of AMC, other techniques have been developed to meet various visual and functional requirement. However, the application of Additive Manufacturing (AM) into construction projects has to be carefully evaluated, especially during the early phases of architectural design when important decisions are made. From this point, this work devised an AMC-Oriented Design Decision Support System (DDSS) to identify suitable building components which can be manufactured with specific AM methods. In such a DDSS, knowledge base and decision-making strategy are both critical. To this end, principle of leveraging Semantic Web techniques and Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methodologies will be addressed. At the current stage of our research, pre-printed building components using concrete material are considered during the decision support process.
keywords	Additive Manufacturing in Construction; BIM; Design Decision Support System; Multi-Criteria Decision Making; Semantic Web
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	sigradi2021_20
id	sigradi2021_20
authors	Dounas, Theodoros, Jabi, Wassim and Lombardi, Davide
year	2021
title	Non-Fungible Building Components: Using Smart Contracts for a Circular Economy in the Built Environment
source	Gomez, P and Braida, F (eds.), Designing Possibilities - Proceedings of the XXV International Conference of the Ibero-American Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2021), Online, 8 - 12 November 2021, pp. 1189–1198
summary	The presented research study tackles the topic of economic and material sustainable development in the built environment and construction industry by introducing and applying the concept and the potential of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) on blockchain within the early stages of the design process via the interface of common design software. We present a digital infrastructure layer for architectural assets and building components that can integrate with AEC supply chains, enabling a more effective and articulated development of circular economies. The infrastructure layer consists of a combination of topology graphs secured with a blockchain. The paper concludes with a discussion about the possibilities of material passports as well as circular economy and smart contracts as an infrastructure for whole lifecycle BIM and digital encapsulation of value in architectural design.
keywords	Non-fungible tokens, Blockchain, Supply Chain, Building Representation, Circular Economy
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/05/23 12:11

_id	caadria2021_376
id	caadria2021_376
authors	Dounas, Theodoros, Jabi, Wassim and Lombardi, Davide
year	2021
title	Topology Generated Non-Fungible Tokens - Blockchain as infrastructure for a circular economy in architectural design
source	A. Globa, J. van Ameijde, A. Fingrut, N. Kim, T.T.S. Lo (eds.), PROJECTIONS - Proceedings of the 26th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Online, Hong Kong, 29 March - 1 April 2021, pp. 151-160
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2021.2.151
summary	The paper presents a new digital infrastructure layer for buildings and architectural assets. The infrastructure layer consists of a combination of topology graphs secured on a decentralised ledger. The topology graphs organise non-fungible digital tokens which each represent and correspond to building components, and in the root of the graph to the building itself.The paper presents background research in the relationship of building representation in the form of graphs with topology, of both manifold and non manifold nature. In parallel we present and analyse the relationship between digital representation and physical manifestation of a building, and back again. Within the digital representations the paper analyses the securing and saving of information on decentralised ledger technologies (such as blockchain). We then present a simple sample of generating and registering a non-manifold topology graph on the Ethereum blockchain as an EC721 token, i.e. a digital object that is unique, all through the use of dynamo and python scripting connected with a smart contract on the Ethereum blockchain. Ownership of this token can then be transferred on the blockchain smart contracts. The paper concludes with a discussion of the possibilities that this integration brings in terms of material passports and a circular economy and smart contracts as an infrastructure for whole-lifecycle BIM and digitally encapsulates of value in architectural designPlease write your abstract here by clicking this paragraph.
keywords	Blockchain; Tokenisation; Topology; Circular Economy; decentralisation
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	sigradi2021_70
id	sigradi2021_70
authors	Kabošová, Lenka, Chronis, Angelos, Galanos, Theodore and Katunský, Dušan
year	2021
title	Leveraging Urban Configurations for Achieving Wind Comfort in Cities
source	Gomez, P and Braida, F (eds.), Designing Possibilities - Proceedings of the XXV International Conference of the Ibero-American Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2021), Online, 8 - 12 November 2021, pp. 79–90
summary	Given the continuous improvements in digital design and analysis tools, designing in line with the environmental conditions can be much more seamlessly integrated into the conceptual design stage. That leads to faster, informed design decisions and, if incorporated into day-to-day practice, to a sustainable built environment. The presented design method, focusing on enhancing the outdoor wind comfort through architecture, leverages wind analysis tools, such as newly-developed InFraRed, verified by other Grasshopper plug-ins, in the urban design process. As shown in the case study, iterating through various design options and evaluating their impact on the wind flow is faster yet precise, leading towards picking the best-performing design alternative in terms of outdoor wind comfort.
keywords	real-time wind predictions, wind comfort, parametric design, CFD analysis, machine learning
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/05/23 12:10

_id	ecaade2021_130
id	ecaade2021_130
authors	Alassaf, Nancy and Clayton, Mark
year	2021
title	The Use of Diagrammatic Reasoning to Aid Conceptual Design in Building Information Modeling (BIM)
source	Stojakovic, V and Tepavcevic, B (eds.), Towards a new, configurable architecture - Proceedings of the 39th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia, 8-10 September 2021, pp. 39-48
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2021.2.039
summary	Architectural design is an intellectual activity where the architect moves from the abstract to the real. In this process, the abstract represents the logical reasoning of how architectural form is configured or structured, while the real refers to the final physical form. Diagrams become an integral part of the conceptual design stage because they mediate between those two realms. Building Information Modeling (BIM) can reallocate the effort and time to emphasize conceptual design. However, many consider BIM a professionally-oriented tool that is less suitable for the early design stages. This research suggests that architectural design reasoning can be achieved using constraint-based parametric diagrams to aid conceptual design in BIM. The study examines several techniques and constructs a framework to use diagrams in the early design stages. This framework has been investigated through Villa Stein and Citrohan House by Le Corbusier. This study addresses two roles of diagrams: the generative role to create various design solutions and the analytical one to conduct an early performance study of the building. Our research contributes to the discussion on the ways designers can use digital diagrams to support the architectural design process.
keywords	Building Information Modeling (BIM); Performance analysis ; Architectural Form; Diagram; Parametric modeling
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	ijac202119203
id	ijac202119203
authors	Dounas, Theodoros; Davide Lombardi, Wassim Jabi
year	2021
title	Framework for decentralised architectural design BIM and Blockchain integration
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing 2021, Vol. 19 - no. 2, 157–173
summary	The paper introduces a framework for decentralised architectural design in the context of the fourth industrial revolution. We examine first the constraints of building information modelling in regard to collaboration and trust. We then introduce Blockchain infrastructure as a means for creating new operational and business models for architectural design, through project governance, scaling collaboration nominally to thousands of agents, and shifting trust to the infrastructure rather than the architectural design team. Through a wider consideration of Blockchains in construction projects we focus on the design process and validate our framework with a prototype of BIM design optimisation integrated with a Blockchain mechanism. The paper concludes by outlining the contributions our framework can enhance in the building information modelling processes, within the context of the fourth industrial revolution.
keywords	Blockchain, Building Information Modelling, trust, design collaboration, governance, Integrated Project Delivery, incentives, Ethereum
series	journal
email
last changed	2024/04/17 14:29

_id	ascaad2021_108
id	ascaad2021_108
authors	Elbaz, Noran; Mohamed Ezzeldin
year	2021
title	Phenomenological BIM Design Evaluation of Indoor Spatial Configurations
source	Abdelmohsen, S, El-Khouly, T, Mallasi, Z and Bennadji, A (eds.), Architecture in the Age of Disruptive Technologies: Transformations and Challenges [9th ASCAAD Conference Proceedings ISBN 978-1-907349-20-1] Cairo (Egypt) [Virtual Conference] 2-4 March 2021, pp. 371-383
summary	The studies of evaluating spaces’ different spatial configurations mostly cover the physical dimensions; especially when using digital platforms such as BIM. The gap between the physical dimension of abstract spaces, and the metaphorical senses of these places, has always been a missing layer when testing the quality of space. The current BIM tools – as a digital platform – are mostly based only on physical dimensions of spaces, where the phenomenological approach is not considered as one of the layers or attributes when evaluating the spatial configurations of indoor spaces. This missing layer of the user perceptual experience leads to incomprehensive results of spatial design evaluation. This paper aims to identify the gap between the qualitative and quantitative studies of space configurations and the experiential dimension of indoor spaces in order to increase the accuracy of design evaluation by filling the missing gaps through adding; to the spatial configurations of physical ‘Space’ another dimensions and attributes that are related to senses of ‘Place,’ highlighting the need of creating a SIM, “Sensory Information Modeling,” a digital platform for Places integrated with BIM for Spaces.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2021/08/09 13:13

_id	sigradi2021_300
id	sigradi2021_300
authors	Leiro, Manoela, Darzé, Júlia, Rios, Matheus and Lemos, Paulo
year	2021
title	An Experience with the Use of a BIM Tool in the Thermal Environmental Comfort Discipline
source	Gomez, P and Braida, F (eds.), Designing Possibilities - Proceedings of the XXV International Conference of the Ibero-American Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2021), Online, 8 - 12 November 2021, pp. 889–900
summary	This article presents a didactic experience carried out with the use of a BIM tool in the Thermal Environmental Comfort discipline of the graduate course in Architecture and Urbanism of a private Higher Education Institution in the city of Salvador-Bahia. Starting in 2020, students began designing solar protection devices using a geometric model in Revit. The method described in Annex I of the Technical Regulation on the Quality of Energy Efficiency Level in Residential Buildings (RTQ-R) was applied. The results obtained showed a better understanding by the students about the importance of correctly sizing solar protection devices for different orientations.
keywords	BIM, Ensino, Conforto Ambiental Térmico
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/05/23 12:11

_id	sigradi2021_82
id	sigradi2021_82
authors	Lobos, Danny, Rojas, Katherinne, Segovia, Byron, Cruz, Eber, Millan, Jael, Palma, Rodolfo, Vallejos, Rodrigo, Olguin, Fernando, Morel, Pablo and Nunez, Victor
year	2021
title	Comparative Study for Several BIM Software on Latin-American AEC Market
source	Gomez, P and Braida, F (eds.), Designing Possibilities - Proceedings of the XXV International Conference of the Ibero-American Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2021), Online, 8 - 12 November 2021, pp. 795–806
summary	There is a variety of BIM brands present in the Latin American market, there are several questions about their performance in the Spanish language. BIM software companies with a presence in Latin America were appointed to a series of structured and sequenced workshop. At the end of each talk, a specialized audience responded to a series of structured surveys on both theoretical and practical aspects of the software presented. The demonstration consisted of two areas: one theoretical and one practical. The theory presented relevant historical attributes, brand visibility data and some known examples of its use. In the practical part, a live demonstration of the use of the basic tools and functions of the interface was requested. It was derived that: The companies fulfilled the expectation on the agenda in a dissimilar way, the responses to the surveys revealed a similar performance in general terms (modeling, prices), the workshops showed significant differences in theoretical aspects such as known examples, certification. There is a need to advance in the dissemination of the performance of the different BIM brands in the AEC industry in Latin America, the level of individual experience strongly influences the evaluation of the software, the user's profile and the type of project will determine the software to use.
keywords	BIM, BIM learning, software, comparison, industria AEC
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/05/23 12:11

_id	sigradi2021_145
id	sigradi2021_145
authors	Martins, Gisele, Ferreira, Giovana, Pazeti, Gabriel and Vizioli, Simone Helena Tanoue
year	2021
title	Interoperability Between Agisoft Metashape and Autodesk Revit Software
source	Gomez, P and Braida, F (eds.), Designing Possibilities - Proceedings of the XXV International Conference of the Ibero-American Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2021), Online, 8 - 12 November 2021, pp. 855–865
summary	The 3D digital mapping to create models (Mesh) contributes to the documentation of the architectural heritage, by the accuracy of the details achieved. The documentation through Building Information Modelling (BIM) technologies is a current strategy to digitize the as-built information. Despite the potential for integrated use of these technologies, interoperability between them presents a gap involving complexity and operability in the work process. This research aims to investigate the interface and communication capabilities between Mesh models, generated by photogrammetry, and a BIM model, through the interoperability between Agisoft Metashape and Autodesk Revit software. By analyzing a new format for heritage documentation through digital technologies, using as object of study the façade of the Centro de Divulgaçao Científica e Cultural (CDCC-USP) in Sao Carlos, the results show that the joint use of technologies does not present great losses of information, unlike the techniques that are currently used.
keywords	Interoperabilidade, Fotogrametria, Mesh, Drone, HBIM
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/05/23 12:11

_id	caadria2021_043
id	caadria2021_043
authors	Ng, Provides
year	2021
title	21E8: Coupling Generative Adversarial Neural Networks (GANS) with Blockchain Applications in Building Information Modelling (BIM) Systems
source	A. Globa, J. van Ameijde, A. Fingrut, N. Kim, T.T.S. Lo (eds.), PROJECTIONS - Proceedings of the 26th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Online, Hong Kong, 29 March - 1 April 2021, pp. 111-120
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2021.2.111
summary	The ability of GANs to synthesize large sets of data is ideal for coupling with BIM to formulate a multi-access system that enables users to search and browse through a spectrum of articulated options, all personalised to design specificity - an 'Architecture Machine'. Nonetheless, due to challenges in proprietary incompatibility, BIM systems currently lack a secured yet transparent way of freely integrating with crowdsourced efforts. This research proposes to employ blockchain as a means to couple GANs and BIM, with e8 networking topology to facilitate communication and distribution. It consists of a literature review and a design research that proposes a tech stack design and UML (unified modeling language) use cases, and presents preliminary design results obtained using GANs and e8.
keywords	21e8; GANs; Blockchain; BIM; Architecture Machine
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	ecaade2021_266
id	ecaade2021_266
authors	Pibal, Sophia, Khoss, Konstantin and Kovacic, Iva
year	2021
title	Prototype of an Algorithm-Aided BIM Tool for Semi-Automated Generation of Modular Residential Buildings
source	Stojakovic, V and Tepavcevic, B (eds.), Towards a new, configurable architecture - Proceedings of the 39th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia, 8-10 September 2021, pp. 67-76
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2021.2.067
summary	The research on novel design tools to enhance the production of residential buildings was the objective of this study. This ongoing research within the funded research project "Housing 4.0" aims to develop a BIM-based digital platform for ecological and affordable multi-storey housing. As part of the platform we developed the prototype of an Algorithm-aided BIM tool for the semi-automated generation of modular building designs.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 08:00

_id	sigradi2021_307
id	sigradi2021_307
authors	Puebla, Fidel and Loyola, Mauricio
year	2021
title	Using BIM for Improving Buildability in Small-Scale Construction Projects: A Comparative Case-Study
source	Gomez, P and Braida, F (eds.), Designing Possibilities - Proceedings of the XXV International Conference of the Ibero-American Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2021), Online, 8 - 12 November 2021, pp. 771–782
summary	Numerous authors have shown that using BIM has positive impacts on improving buildability levels on large-scale construction projects. This paper examines the impact of BIM on small-scale projects, particularly single-family homes. A series of case studies and interviews with architecture professionals were conducted. Results show that the benefits obtained are equivalent to those reported in the literature for larger projects, suggesting that the impact of BIM on improving buildability levels is similar for both small-scale and large-scale projects.
keywords	BIM, Constructividad, Vivienda unifamiliar
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/05/23 12:11

_id	sigradi2023_234
id	sigradi2023_234
authors	Santos, Ítalo, Andrade, Max, Zanchettin, Cleber and Rolim, Adriana
year	2023
title	Machine learning applied in the evaluation of airport projects in Brazil based on BIM models
source	García Amen, F, Goni Fitipaldo, A L and Armagno Gentile, Á (eds.), Accelerated Landscapes - Proceedings of the XXVII International Conference of the Ibero-American Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2023), Punta del Este, Maldonado, Uruguay, 29 November - 1 December 2023, pp. 875–887
summary	In a country with continental dimensions like Brazil, air transport plays a strategic role in the development of the country. In recent years, initiatives have been promoted to boost the development of air transport, among which the BIM BR strategy stands out, instituted by decree n-9.983 (2019), decree n-10.306 (2020) and more recently, the publication of the airport design manual (SAC, 2021). In this context, this work presents partial results of a doctoral research based on the Design Science Research (DSR) method for the application of Machine Learning (ML) techniques in the Artificial Intelligence (AI) subarea, aiming to support SAC airport project analysts in the phase of project evaluation. Based on a set of training and test data corresponding to airport projects, two ML algorithms were trained. Preliminary results indicate that the use of ML algorithms enables a new scenario to be explored by teams of airport design analysts in Brazil.
keywords	Airports, Artificial intelligence, BIM, Evaluation, Machine learning.
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2024/03/08 14:07

_id	ascaad2021_115
id	ascaad2021_115
authors	Shams El-Din, Hend
year	2021
title	Using 3D digital technologies for the documentation and reconstruction of destroyed heritage buildings
source	Abdelmohsen, S, El-Khouly, T, Mallasi, Z and Bennadji, A (eds.), Architecture in the Age of Disruptive Technologies: Transformations and Challenges [9th ASCAAD Conference Proceedings ISBN 978-1-907349-20-1] Cairo (Egypt) [Virtual Conference] 2-4 March 2021, pp. 581-591
summary	Egypt lacks documentation of many of its distinguished heritage treasures, such as artifacts, buildings, monuments and sites. As for the documented component, documents remain in library shelves without much access except for specialists. Much of this documentation has disappeared as a result of neglect, damage factors and various structural repercussions, or as a result of demolition. There is no doubt about the number of heritage buildings that were demolished for city planning purposes, especially in Cairo which possesses more than a third of the traces of the Islamic civilization; a transformationthat is demonstrated by comparing scholar descriptions of the French campaign to Egypt in 1798 and photos taken from the years 1899 to 1920 and beyond, leading to loss of valuable cultural heritage. Therefore, the preservation of this heritage, with the advancement in digital technologies has become one of the important priorities at the international level to confront these problems.Some of the approaches in this regard involve 3D information modeling using either photogrammetry and laser scanning, or 3D modeling and documentation using AutoCAD or 3DMax. This paper addresses the use of Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology in recording, documenting and imagining the reconstruction of heritage buildings, especially partially or completely destroyed heritage buildings, based on written descriptions, pictures or drawings, and the exploitation of technology in the application of virtual heritage, the reconstruction and composition of buildings, structures or artifacts virtually on the computer at fixed epochs. The aim of the paper is to provide a framework to preserve heritage at a lower cost than modern high cost methods, provide a library of its unique architectural elements, revive heritage documents of antiquities, as well as benefiting from their added value in maintenance and restoration operations, and offering data for further studies related to preservation of cultural heritage.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2021/08/09 13:13

_id	ecaade2021_160
id	ecaade2021_160
authors	Simeone, Davide, Cursi, Stefano, Fioravanti, Antonio and Coraglia, Ugo Maria
year	2021
title	Open-ArcH - An open knowledge-based system for architectural heritage representation
source	Stojakovic, V and Tepavcevic, B (eds.), Towards a new, configurable architecture - Proceedings of the 39th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia, 8-10 September 2021, pp. 253-262
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2021.2.253
summary	Although HBIM is nowadays a common practice in processes and activities aimed at the investigation, documentation and conservation of architectural heritage, some doubts are emerging regarding its capabilities of fulfilling architectural heritage representation and semantics requirements. In this context, this work presents Open-ArcH, a digital approach for architectural heritage representation that relies on the integration of HBIM methodology with a knowledge base developed by means of graph databases, with two major objectives: 1) it supports the formalization of the complex semantics that it is necessary for a full comprehension of the artefact, currently poorly managed by HBIM application, and 2) the openness and flexibility ensured by the graph database technology allow for its adoption in heritage investigation and conservation processes by the different actors involved, providing them with the capability of collaborating to the construction of the knowledge base of the artefact.
keywords	BIM; Architectural heritage; graph databases; knowledge-based system
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	ascaad2021_103
id	ascaad2021_103
authors	Yönder, Veli
year	2021
title	Case Studies of Incorporating BIM Models in the Digital Game Environment: Building Game Environment with BIM Tools and Game Scripts
source	Abdelmohsen, S, El-Khouly, T, Mallasi, Z and Bennadji, A (eds.), Architecture in the Age of Disruptive Technologies: Transformations and Challenges [9th ASCAAD Conference Proceedings ISBN 978-1-907349-20-1] Cairo (Egypt) [Virtual Conference] 2-4 March 2021, pp. 507-520
summary	The emerging video game industry has provided opportunities for innovation and transformation starting with the late 20th century. In line with ever-changing needs and increasing demand, the extent of the digital gaming industry has outreached to the education sector and its subdomains besides the entertainment industry and its sub-branches as users obtain ambidextrous achievements through the gamification processes in which an experimental learning environ-ment is formed naturally. Numerous dissimilar disciplines from en-gineering, architecture, construction, work safety, renewable ener-gy, education, and health, etc. train users thru educational simula-tions prepared in digital environments to amplify their learning processes. Undoubtedly, the fields of architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) are gradually adapting to the conditions of ac-celerating digitalization efforts in this era. Thus, BIM technology being one of the common denominators of the digitalization efforts in those fields serves the diverse agenda of the users with increas-ing popularity. Professional interaction and education may greatly benefit from conjoining the model outputs of BIM technology and interactive visual fidelity of the digital gaming industry. This ongo-ing research project aims to develop and compare two different BIM-based models of the historic Çardak Khan and the contempo-rary student center building by creating sophisticated digital game environments with architectural educational space-based informa-tive scenarios. Space-based virtual cards were created for each sce-ne. Research results in response to the diversity of spaces, geomet-ric qualities, number of scenarios and sequences were reported. Fur-thermore, textual data such as game scripts and drafts were ana-lysed with Voyant Tools.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2021/08/09 13:13

_id	ecaade2023_259
id	ecaade2023_259
authors	Sonne-Frederiksen, Povl Filip, Larsen, Niels Martin and Buthke, Jan
year	2023
title	Point Cloud Segmentation for Building Reuse - Construction of digital twins in early phase building reuse projects
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 327–336
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.327
summary	Point cloud processing has come a long way in the past years. Advances in computer vision (CV) and machine learning (ML) have enabled its automated recognition and processing. However, few of those developments have made it through to the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry. Here, optimizing those workflows can reduce time spent on early-phase projects, which otherwise could be spent on developing innovative design solutions. Simplifying the processing of building point cloud scans makes it more accessible and therefore, usable for design, planning and decision-making. Furthermore, automated processing can also ensure that point clouds are processed consistently and accurately, reducing the potential for human error. This work is part of a larger effort to optimize early-phase design processes to promote the reuse of vacant buildings. It focuses on technical solutions to automate the reconstruction of point clouds into a digital twin as a simplified solid 3D element model. In this paper, various ML approaches, among others KPConv Thomas et al. (2019), ShapeConv Cao et al. (2021) and Mask-RCNN He et al. (2017), are compared in their ability to apply semantic as well as instance segmentation to point clouds. Further it relies on the S3DIS Armeni et al. (2017), NYU v2 Silberman et al. (2012) and Matterport Ramakrishnan et al. (2021) data sets for training. Here, the authors aim to establish a workflow that reduces the effort for users to process their point clouds and obtain object-based models. The findings of this research show that although pure point cloud-based ML models enable a greater degree of flexibility, they incur a high computational cost. We found, that using RGB-D images for classifications and segmentation simplifies the complexity of the ML model but leads to additional requirements for the data set. These can be mitigated in the initial process of capturing the building or by extracting the depth data from the point cloud.
keywords	Point Clouds, Machine Learning, Segmentation, Reuse, Digital Twins
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	caadria2021_039
id	caadria2021_039
authors	Chen, Jielin, Stouffs, Rudi and Biljecki, Filip
year	2021
title	Hierarchical (multi-label) architectural image recognition and classification
source	A. Globa, J. van Ameijde, A. Fingrut, N. Kim, T.T.S. Lo (eds.), PROJECTIONS - Proceedings of the 26th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Online, Hong Kong, 29 March - 1 April 2021, pp. 161-170
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2021.1.161
summary	The task of architectural image recognition for both architectural functionality and style remains an open challenge. In addition, the paucity of well-organized, large-scale architectural image datasets with specific consideration for the domain of architectural design research has hindered the exploration of these challenging tasks. Drawing upon images from the professional architectural website ArchdailyÂ®, and leveraging state-of-the-art deep-learning-based classification models, we explore a hierarchical multi-label classification model as a potential baseline for the task of architectural image classification. The resulting model showcases the potential for innovative architectural discipline-related analyses and demonstrates some heuristic insights for visual feature extraction pertaining to both architectural functionality and architectural style.
keywords	image recognition; hierarchical classification; multi-label classification; architectural functionality; style
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	ijac202119102
id	ijac202119102
authors	Doe, Robert Melvin
year	2021
title	An open, integrated modular format: For flexible and intelligible architecture, engineering and construction design and production
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing 2021, Vol. 19 - no. 1, 23–36
summary	The architecture, engineering and construction sector is fragmented, and its computer-aided design systems suffer data loss and errors in workflow between design and realisation. An open source, integrated, modular format is proposed to address the technological nature of these problems. Accordingly, this research updates the notion of the modular format as a more flexible and intelligible computational design method by leveraging knowledge from the computer science and manufacturing sectors where the design and realisation process is intentional and explicit. The research design of this article comprises a theoretical approach combined with an empirical case study. Principles of modularity are extracted from the computer science and manufacturing sectors to assist with a better definition of architecture, engineering and construction computer-aided design processes that use materials and resources more efficiently and sustainably. The methodology of the modular format contributes to the emerging concept of a building lifecycle management system for the architecture, engineering and construction sector.
keywords	Modular format, open source, integrated, computational design, building lifecycle management
series	journal
email
last changed	2021/06/03 23:29

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