Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	ecaade2021_216
id	ecaade2021_216
authors	Grasser, Alexander and Parger, Alexandra
year	2021
title	Reappraising Configuration and its Potential for Collaborative Objects
source	Stojakovic, V and Tepavcevic, B (eds.), Towards a new, configurable architecture - Proceedings of the 39th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia, 8-10 September 2021, pp. 181-188
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2021.1.181
summary	This year's conference theme `Towards a new configurable architecture', provides a good starting point for reappraising and reapplying previous concepts of `Configuration' in architectural design. The concept reappears often, but was particularly powerful whenever new computational tools and architectural concepts emerged and revealed strong synergies. In the 1960ties there was such a moment when configuration's pluralistic properties embraced architectural concepts of structuralism and early computing. Therefore this paper looks back at previous concepts of configuration to identify capacities that could inform current synergies of computational tools, such as open platforms, and architectural concepts of the second digital turn in architecture. The way we communicate, access, and exchange information recently accelerated towards realtime sharing of data, bits & pieces, and experiences. Open platforms that enable user-generated content and collective production of value are becoming more common in design. This paper discusses ways in which this collective content production can enable a computational and human-centric architecture, by reappraising previous concepts of configuration such as: open configurations, latent structures and variable infills.
keywords	Collaborative Objects; Open Configurations ; Latent Structures; Vaiable Infill; Realtime Platform; Participation
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	ecaade2021_060
id	ecaade2021_060
authors	Antinozzi, Sara, Ronchi, Diego, Fiorillo, Fausta and Barba, Salvatore
year	2021
title	3Dino: Configuration for a Micro-Photogrammetric Survey - Applying Dino-Lite microscope for the digitalization of a cuneiform tablet
source	Stojakovic, V and Tepavcevic, B (eds.), Towards a new, configurable architecture - Proceedings of the 39th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia, 8-10 September 2021, pp. 211-222
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2021.2.211
summary	Close-range photogrammetry, due to the possibilities offered by the technological evolution of acquisition tools and, above all, the relative original challenges posed to surveyors and the theory of measurements, deserve constant critical attention. The new opportunities to detect and represent reality are mostly focused on historical architecture, referring to consequent orders of magnitude and restitution scales. On the other hand, the formalization of relevant practices for very small objects is not frequently addressed. In recent tests carried out using two Dino-Lite handheld digital microscope models, polarized light digital microscopes generally used in medical and industrial fields, we proved the potential of using these imaging systems also for Cultural Heritage documentation, highlighting, however, some issues related to the depth of field and the consequent acquisition geometry. Therefore, this study aims to solve these problems, increasing the performance of microscopic photogrammetry by optimizing the acquisition procedures with the design of custom accessories for micro-photogrammetry (e.g. a calibrated plate). These developments will be carried out as part of a technology transfer agreement with the Dino-Lite company pointed to codify a protocol for high accuracy photogrammetric documentation of small artefacts.
keywords	Digital Heritage; Small artefacts; Detailed 3D shape; Handheld microscope
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	acadia21_480
id	acadia21_480
authors	Shaked, Tom; Degani, Amir
year	2021
title	Shepherd
source	ACADIA 2021: Realignments: Toward Critical Computation [Proceedings of the 41st Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-986-08056-7]. Online and Global. 3-6 November 2021. edited by S. Parascho, J. Scott, and K. Dörfler. 480-489.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2021.480
summary	Recent advancements in robotics allow to explore remote construction methods aimed at reducing the risk for workers. As the global pandemic places construction workers and their communities at high risk for disease, the need for remote construction methods increases. Such methods depend on the complicated task of controlling mobile robotic platforms in real-time. In this context, this paper presents work-in-progress in development and experimentation with a tool for collaborative earthworks using multi-agent unmanned ground vehicles. Expanding the field of collective robotic construction, this research simplifies the use of mobile robots and enables their operation using a design platform. Shepherd - a fabrication-oriented tool for simulation and control of mobile robotic platforms is presented, and its capacities are demonstrated in an earthworks case study. The case study exemplifies the potential of this approach to change the role of design tools in the operation and adoption of mobile multi-robotic platforms, thus contributing to robotic fabrication in architecture, landscape architecture, and construction.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

_id	ecaade2021_203
id	ecaade2021_203
authors	Arora, Hardik, Bielski, Jessica, Eisenstadt, Viktor, Langenhan, Christoph, Ziegler, Christoph, Althoff, Klaus-Dieter and Dengel, Andreas
year	2021
title	Consistency Checker - An automatic constraint-based evaluator for housing spatial configurations
source	Stojakovic, V and Tepavcevic, B (eds.), Towards a new, configurable architecture - Proceedings of the 39th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia, 8-10 September 2021, pp. 351-358
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2021.2.351
summary	The gradual rise of artificial intelligence (AI) and its increasing visibility among many research disciplines affected Computer-Aided Architectural Design (CAAD). Architectural deep learning (DL) approaches are being developed and published on a regular basis, such as retrieval (Sharma et al. 2017) or design style manipulation (Newton 2019; Silvestre et al. 2016). However, there seems to be no method to evaluate highly constrained spatial configurations for specific architectural domains (such as housing or office buildings) based on basic architectural principles and everyday practices. This paper introduces an automatic constraint-based consistency checker to evaluate the coherency of semantic spatial configurations of housing construction using a small set of design principles to evaluate our DL approaches. The consistency checker informs about the overall performance of a spatial configuration followed by whether it is open/closed and the constraints it didn't satisfy. This paper deals with the relation of spaces processed as mathematically formalized graphs contrary to existing model checking software like Solibri.
keywords	model checking, building information modeling, deep learning, data quality
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	ecaade2021_263
id	ecaade2021_263
authors	Azadi, Shervin and Nourian, Pirouz
year	2021
title	GoDesign - A modular generative design framework for mass-customization and optimization in architectural design
source	Stojakovic, V and Tepavcevic, B (eds.), Towards a new, configurable architecture - Proceedings of the 39th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia, 8-10 September 2021, pp. 285-294
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2021.1.285
summary	We present a modular generative design framework for design processes in the built environment that provides for the unification of participatory design and optimization to achieve mass-customization and evidence-based design. The paper articulates this framework mathematically as three meta procedures framing the typical design problems as multi-dimensional, multi-criteria, multi-actor, and multi-value decision-making problems: 1) space-planning, 2) configuring, and 3) shaping; structured as to the abstraction hierarchy of the chain of decisions in design processes. These formulations allow for applying various problem-solving approaches ranging from mathematical derivation & artificial intelligence to gamified play & score mechanisms and grammatical exploration. The paper presents a general schema of the framework; elaborates on the mathematical formulation of its meta procedures; presents a spectrum of approaches for navigating solution spaces; discusses the specifics of spatial simulations for ex-ante evaluation of design alternatives. The ultimate contribution of this paper is laying the foundation of comprehensive Spatial Decision Support Systems (SDSS) for built environment design processes.
keywords	Generative Design; Spatial Configuration; Serious Gaming; Mass Customization; Decision Problems
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	ecaade2021_257
id	ecaade2021_257
authors	Cichocka, Judyta Maria, Loj, Szymon and Wloczyk, Marta Magdalena
year	2021
title	A Method for Generating Regular Grid Configurations on Free-From Surfaces for Structurally Sound Geodesic Gridshells
source	Stojakovic, V and Tepavcevic, B (eds.), Towards a new, configurable architecture - Proceedings of the 39th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia, 8-10 September 2021, pp. 493-502
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2021.2.493
summary	Gridshells are highly efficient, lightweight structures which can span long distances with minimal use of material (Vassallo & Malek 2017). One of the most promising and novel categories of gridshells are bending-active (elastic) systems (Lienhard & Gengnagel 2018), which are composed of flexible members (Kuijenhoven & Hoogenboom 2012). Timber elastic gridshells can be site-sprung or sequentially erected (geodesic). While a lot of research focus is on the site-sprung ones, the methods for design of sequentially-erected geodesic gridshells remained underdeveloped (Cichocka 2020). The main objective of the paper is to introduce a method of generating regular geodesic grid patterns on free-form surfaces and to examine its applicability to design structurally feasible geodesic gridshells. We adopted differential geometry methods of generating regular bidirectional geodesic grids on free-form surfaces. Then, we compared the structural performance of the regular and the irregular grids of the same density on three free-form surfaces. The proposed method successfully produces the regular geodesic grid patterns on the free-form surfaces with varying curvature-richness. Our analysis shows that gridshells with regular grid configurations perform structurally better than those with irregular patterns. We conclude that the presented method can be readily used and can expand possibilities of application of geodesic gridshells.
keywords	elastic timber gridshell; bending-active structure; grid configuration optimization; computational differential geometry; material-based design methodology; free-form surface; pattern; geodesic
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	sigradi2021_250
id	sigradi2021_250
authors	Dotta Correa, Sara, Vaz, Carlos Eduardo Verzola, Pizzetti Mariano, Pedro Oscar and Maia, Mirian Aparecida
year	2021
title	A Shape Grammar Implementation: The Case of Fishing Villages in Santa Catarina
source	Gomez, P and Braida, F (eds.), Designing Possibilities - Proceedings of the XXV International Conference of the Ibero-American Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2021), Online, 8 - 12 November 2021, pp. 725–736
summary	The fishing villages of the Santa Catarina state, in Southern Brazil, have been suffering from a process of transformation that accompanies the replacement of the activities related to artisanal fishing in order to insert the dynamics of tourism. Aiming to preserve the underlying logic responsible for generating these self-built settlements, a shape grammar was elaborated and implemented in a visual programming environment to test its efficiency in reproducing the compositional language of the villages. The method involved the historical context and constructive typologies analysis, which made it possible to extract the corresponding rules regarding the spatial configuration of the corpus. The result emerged as a descriptive grammar, which later was implemented in a parametric modeling environment, algorithms in C# were used to generate the compositions with the aid of computational strategies based on random numbers, stochastic research and object-oriented programming.
keywords	Gramática da Forma, Modelagem Paramétrica, Programaçao, Comunidades Pesqueiras
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/05/23 12:11

_id	acadia21_38
id	acadia21_38
authors	Wang, Mengda; Shieck, Ava Fatah gen.; Koutsolampros, Petros
year	2021
title	Exploring the Role of Spatial Configuration and Human Behavior on the Spread of the Epidemic
source	ACADIA 2021: Realignments: Toward Critical Computation [Proceedings of the 41st Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-986-08056-7]. Online and Global. 3-6 November 2021. edited by B. Bogosian, K. Dörfler, B. Farahi, J. Garcia del Castillo y López, J. Grant, V. Noel, S. Parascho, and J. Scott. 38-47.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2021.038
summary	This research explores how exterior public space, defined through the configuration of the city, and human behavior affect the spread of disease. In order to understand the virus spreading mechanism and influencing factors of the epidemic which accompanying residents’ movement, this study attempts to reproduce the process of virus spreading in city areas through computer simulation. The simulation can be divided into residents movement simulation and the virus spreading simulation. First, the Agent-based model can effectively simulate the behavior of the individual and crowd, and real location data based on residents which uploaded by mobile phone applications is used as a behavioral driving force for the agent's movement. Second, a mathematical model of infectious diseases was constructed based on SIR (SEIR) Compartmental models in epidemiology. Finally, by analyzing the simulation results of the agent's movement in the city area and the virus spreading under different conditions, the influence of multiple factors of city configuration and human behavior on its spreading process is explored, and the effectiveness of countermeasures such as social distancing and lockdown are further demonstrated.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

_id	sigradi2021_361
id	sigradi2021_361
authors	Almeida, Julio, Bevilaqua, Diogo, Piaia, Luana and Secchi, Carla
year	2021
title	TEC-House: Itinerant Modular Space Based on Digital Fabrication
source	Gomez, P and Braida, F (eds.), Designing Possibilities - Proceedings of the XXV International Conference of the Ibero-American Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2021), Online, 8 - 12 November 2021, pp. 1499–1510
summary	The academy aims to understand and insert digital technologies in the collaborative, interdisciplinary and innovative process. Thus, the process of this project aims to develop an itinerant space that enables integration between academics and the community, associated with digital technologies, making it essential as a precursor of knowledge, innovation and social well-being. Based on concepts from Smart City and Smart Campus, as it addresses a phenomenon of development intrinsic to technological processes in pursuit of environmental quality, it appropriates of digital manufacturing tools as a programmatic production model. Inspired by the generation of physical objects from digital models along the lines of Wikihouse, a modular architectural executive method was developed as an alternative for flexibility and movement. At the end of the process, there is the conception of the TEC-House, idealized as an itinerant modular space, based on anthropometric parameters where function determines the way they integrate, constituting modifying places.
keywords	TEC-House, Digital Manufacturing, Modular, Itinerant Space, Innovation
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/05/23 12:11

_id	sigradi2021_304
id	sigradi2021_304
authors	Andia, Alfredo
year	2021
title	Synthetic Biology Imaginations for the Biscayne Bay, Florida
source	Gomez, P and Braida, F (eds.), Designing Possibilities - Proceedings of the XXV International Conference of the Ibero-American Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2021), Online, 8 - 12 November 2021, pp. 1487–1497
summary	This project attempts to reimagine Miami and coastal communities with the advent of climate change and the rise of biotechnology. We develop a speculative vision/plan for the Biscayne Bay estuary that envisions infrastructures that grow by themselves using synthetic biology. In this paper, we elaborate on how Synthetic Biology has evolved to become the fastest growing technology in human history, its potential in the development of large-scale infrastructures, and its impact on the future imaginations of Architecture.
keywords	Automated Workflows, Synthetic Biology, Artificial Intelligence, Architecture, Sea-level Rise
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/05/23 12:11

_id	acadia21_238
id	acadia21_238
authors	Anifowose, Hassan; Yan, Wei; Dixit, Manish
year	2021
title	BIM LOD + Virtual Reality
source	ACADIA 2021: Realignments: Toward Critical Computation [Proceedings of the 41st Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-986-08056-7]. Online and Global. 3-6 November 2021. edited by B. Bogosian, K. Dörfler, B. Farahi, J. Garcia del Castillo y López, J. Grant, V. Noel, S. Parascho, and J. Scott. 238-245.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2021.238
summary	Architectural Education faces limitations due to its tactile approach to learning in classrooms with only 2-D and 3-D tools. At a higher level, virtual reality provides a potential for delivering more information to individuals undergoing design learning. This paper investigates a hypothesis establishing grounds towards a new research in Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Virtual Reality (VR). The hypothesis is projected to determine best practices for content creation and tactile object virtual interaction, which potentially can improve learning in architectural & construction education with a less costly approach and ease of access to well-known buildings. We explored this hypothesis in a step-by-step game design demonstration in VR, by showcasing the exploration of the Farnsworth House and reproducing assemblage of the same with different game levels of difficulty which correspond with varying BIM levels of development (LODs). The game design prototype equally provides an entry way and learning style for users with or without a formal architectural or construction education seeking to understand design tectonics within diverse or cross-disciplinary study cases. This paper shows that developing geometric abstract concepts of design pedagogy, using varying LODs for game content and levels, while utilizing newly developed features such as snap-to-grid, snap-to-position and snap-to-angle to improve user engagement during assemblage may provide deeper learning objectives for architectural precedent study.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

_id	acadia21_258
id	acadia21_258
authors	Augustynowicz, Edyta; Smigielska, Maria; Nikles, Daniel; Wehrle, Thomas; Wagner, Heinz
year	2021
title	Parametric design and multirobotic fabrication of wood facades
source	ACADIA 2021: Realignments: Toward Critical Computation [Proceedings of the 41st Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-986-08056-7]. Online and Global. 3-6 November 2021. edited by B. Bogosian, K. Dörfler, B. Farahi, J. Garcia del Castillo y López, J. Grant, V. Noel, S. Parascho, and J. Scott. 258-269.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2021.258
summary	The paper describes the findings of the applied research project by Institute Integrative Design (currently ICDP) HGK FHNW and ERNE AG Holzbau to design and manufacture prefabricated wooden façades in the collaborative design manner between architects and industry. As such, it is an attempt to respond to the current interdisciplinary split in the construction, which blocks innovation and promotes standardized inefficient building solutions. Within this project, we apply three innovations in the industrial setup that result in the integrated design-to-production process of individualized, cost-efficient and well-crafted façades. The collaborative design approach is a method in which architect, engineer and manufacturer start exchange on the early stage of the project during the collaborative design workshops. Digital design and fabrication tools enable architects to generate a large scope of façade variations within production feasibility of the manufacturer and engineers to prepare files for robotic production. Novel multi-robot fabrication processes, developed with the industrial partner, allows for complex façade assembly. This paper introduces the concept of digital craftsmanship, manifested in a mixed fabrication system, which intelligently combines automated and manual production to obtain economic feasibility and highest aesthetic quality. Finally, we describe the design and fabrication of the project demonstrator consisting of four intricate façades on a modular office building, inspired by local traditional solutions, which validate the developed methods and highlight the architectural potential of the presented approach.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

_id	sigradi2021_375
id	sigradi2021_375
authors	Banda, Pablo and Valenzuela-Astudillo, Eduardo
year	2021
title	Immersive Variations: Connecting Architectural Sensitivity with Parametric Design through Collaborative Virtual Reality Environments
source	Gomez, P and Braida, F (eds.), Designing Possibilities - Proceedings of the XXV International Conference of the Ibero-American Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2021), Online, 8 - 12 November 2021, pp. 1017–1028
summary	Undergraduate design studies for digital fabrication and non-standard architecture are complex as their participants are usually far from systems thinking and have a basic level of confidence in the use of advanced digital tools. Furthermore, in the face of high formal complexity, the understanding of the structural system and its effects for the inhabitant are not evident. This work presents an implementation of Virtual Reality to introduce Latin American architecture university students to digital fabrication and parametric design, taking as its main premise that during the initial design stage, the designed architecture using virtual reality techniques and spatial perception can engage students to appreciate the value in these new designs, formulating new arguments and paradigms to further contribute to their training as contemporary professionals.
keywords	irtual Reality, Digital fabrication, Architecture, Spatial Perception
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/05/23 12:11

_id	acadia21_318
id	acadia21_318
authors	Borhani, Alireza; Kalantar, Negar
year	2021
title	Nesting Fabrication
source	ACADIA 2021: Realignments: Toward Critical Computation [Proceedings of the 41st Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-986-08056-7]. Online and Global. 3-6 November 2021. edited by B. Bogosian, K. Dörfler, B. Farahi, J. Garcia del Castillo y López, J. Grant, V. Noel, S. Parascho, and J. Scott. 318-327.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2021.318
summary	Positioned at the intersection of the computational modes of design and production, this research explains the principles and applications of a novel fabrication-informed geometric system called nesting. Applying the nesting fabrication method, the authors reimage the construction of complex forms by proposing geometric arrangements that lessen material waste and reduce production time, transportation cost, and storage space requirements. Through this method, appearance and performance characteristics are contingent on fabrication constraints and material behavior. In this study, the focus is on developing design rules for this method and investigating the main parameters involved in dividing the global geometry of a complex volume into stackable components when the first component in the stack gives shape to the second. The authors introduce three different strategies for nesting fabrication: 2D, 2.5D, and 3D nesting. Which of these strategies can be used depends on the geometrical needs of the design and available tools and materials. Next, by revisiting different fabrication approaches, the authors introduce readers to the possibility of large-scale objects with considerable overhangs without the need for nearly any temporary support structures. After establishing a workflow starting with the identification of geometric rules of nesting and ending with fabrication limits, this work showcases the proposed workflow through a series of case studies, demonstrating the feasibility of the suggested method and its capacity to integrate production constraints into the design process. Traversing from pragmatic to geometrical concerns, the approach discussed here offers an integrated approach supporting functional, structural, and environmental matters important when turning material, technical, assembly, and transportation systems into geometric parameters.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

_id	ijac202119101
id	ijac202119101
authors	Budig, Michael; Oliver Heckmann, Markus, Hudert, Amanda Qi Boon Ng, Zack Xuereb Conti, and Clement Jun Hao Lork
year	2021
title	Computational screening-LCA tools for early design stages
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing 2021, Vol. 19 - no. 1, 6–22
summary	Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has been widely adopted to identify the Global Warming Potential (GWP) in the construction industry and determine its high environmental impact through Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions, energy and resource consumptions. The consideration of LCA in the early stages of design is becoming increasingly important as a means to avoid costly changes at later stages of the project. However, typical LCA-based tools demand very detailed information about structural and material systems and thus become too laborious for designers in the conceptual stages, where such specifications are still loosely defined. In response, this paper presents a workflow for LCA-based evaluation where the selection of the construction system and material is kept open to compare the impacts of alternative design variants. We achieve this through a strict division into support and infill systems and a simplified visualization of a schematic floor layout using a shoebox approach, inspired from the energy modelling domain. The shoeboxes in our case are repeatable modules within a schematic floor plan layout, whose enclosures are defined by parametric 2D surfaces representing total ratios of permanent supports versus infill components. Thus, the assembly of modular surface enclosures simplifies the LCA evaluation process by avoiding the need to accurately specify the physical properties of each building component across the floor plan. The presented workflow facilitates the selection of alternative structural systems and materials for their comparison, and outputs the Global Warming Potential (GWP) in the form of an intuitive visualization output. The workflow for simplified evaluation is illustrated through a case study that compares the GWP for selected combinations of material choice and construction systems.
keywords	Computational life cycle assessment tool, embodied carbon, parametric design, construction systems, global warming potential
series	journal
email
last changed	2021/06/03 23:29

_id	caadria2021_146
id	caadria2021_146
authors	Calixto, Victor, Canuto, Robson, Noronha, Marcela, Afrooz, Aida, Gu, Ning and Celani, Gabriela
year	2021
title	A layered approach for the data-driven design of smart cities
source	A. Globa, J. van Ameijde, A. Fingrut, N. Kim, T.T.S. Lo (eds.), PROJECTIONS - Proceedings of the 26th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Online, Hong Kong, 29 March - 1 April 2021, pp. 739-748
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2021.2.739
summary	Current approaches to smart cities have focused on implementing technologies to harvest and analyse data through sensors and artificial intelligence to improve urban performance from the top-down. However, cities are complex systems of interconnected layers that change at different speeds. More persistent layers, like networks and occupation, must have smartness embedded in them through smarter design processes. In recent years, there has been an increase in digital tools for urban design, applying computational design methods and data analytics strategies, enabling collaborative and evidence-based approaches that support sustainable urban design. A critical evaluation of their potential to inform design is necessary to aid practitioners to choose and adopt these novel strategies and tools in practice. This paper presents a critical review of selected data-driven design cloud platforms, focusing on data-driven urban design approaches that can enable the use of ICTs to steer cities into a smarter future from the bottom-up.
keywords	Smart Cities; Data-Driven Urban Design; Computational Design
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	ijac202119312
id	ijac202119312
authors	Chen, Chen; Chacón Vega, Ricardo Jose; Kong, Tiong Lee
year	2021
title	Using genetic algorithm to automate the generation of an open-plan office layout
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing 2021, Vol. 19 - no. 3, 449–465
summary	Today, the concept of open plan is more and more widely accepted that many companies have switched to open-plan offices. Their design is an issue in the scope of space layout planning. Although there are many professional architectural layout design software in the market, in the real life, office designers seldom use these tools because their license fees are usually expensive and using them to solve an open-plan office design is like using an overly powerful and expensive tool to fix a minor problem. Therefore, manual drafting through a trial and error process is most often used. This article attempts to propose a lightweight tool to automate open-plan office layout generation using a nested genetic algorithm optimization with two layers, where the inner layer algorithm is embedded in the outer one. The result is enhanced by a local search. The main objective is to maximize space utilization by maximizing the size of the open workspace. This approach is different from its precedents, in that the location search is conducted on a grid map rather than several pre-selected candidate locations. Consequently, the generated layout design presents a less rigid workstation arrangement, inviting a casual and unrestrictive work environment. The real potential of the approach is reflected in the productivity of test fits. Automating and simplifying the generation of layouts for test fits can tremendously decrease the amount of time and resources required to generate them. The experimental case study shows that the developed approach is powerful and effective, making it a totally automated process.
keywords	Automated process, office design, genetic algorithm, open-plan office, space layout planning
series	journal
email
last changed	2024/04/17 14:29

_id	caadria2021_115
id	caadria2021_115
authors	Chen, Qin Chuan, Lakshmi Narasimhan, Vaishnavi and Lee, Hyunsoo
year	2021
title	The potential of IoT-based smart environment in reaction to COVID-19 pandemic
source	A. Globa, J. van Ameijde, A. Fingrut, N. Kim, T.T.S. Lo (eds.), PROJECTIONS - Proceedings of the 26th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Online, Hong Kong, 29 March - 1 April 2021, pp. 709-718
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2021.2.709
summary	COVID-19 was first reported in late December 2019 and quickly become a global health crisis. In the COVID-19 pandemic context, the dense and open characteristics make the public spaces a potential virus transmission hotspot. Therefore, it is extremely critical to adopt a more advanced and effective method in public environments to slow down its spread until a vaccine is widely used. A smart environment in the form of IoT, also known as the architecture of IoT, consists of three layers: perception layer, network layer, and application layer. A smart environment allows data and activities that happen in this environment to be collected, processed, and shared in real-time through various sensors. It can be introduced for early detection, tracking, and monitoring of potential confirmed cases. The smart environment is considered one of the most promising approaches to face and tackle the current scenario. However, research focusing on the potential of IoT smart environment in reaction to COVID-19 is still meager. Therefore, this paper identifies the smart environments potential based on the concept of IoT architectures three layers and further discusses how IoT can be introduced in public spaces to help battle the pandemic.
keywords	Internet of Things; Smart environment; COVID-19
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	caadria2021_266
id	caadria2021_266
authors	Chen, Yao, Lo, Tiantian, Guo, Xiangmin, Du, Ruijie and Hu, Xinchuang
year	2021
title	Interactive Virtual Sand Table - A theoretical review on its application towards Urban Planning
source	A. Globa, J. van Ameijde, A. Fingrut, N. Kim, T.T.S. Lo (eds.), PROJECTIONS - Proceedings of the 26th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Online, Hong Kong, 29 March - 1 April 2021, pp. 629-638
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2021.2.629
summary	The sand table is a tool of expression of urban planning.With the development of computer science and technology,virtual reality technology is playing an important role in many aspects of urban planning and design,as well as,the virtual sand table.This article analyzes the limitations of the current urban planning sand table from designers and other participants perspectives. It analyses the advantages of applying interactive technology in a sand table for urban planning and proposes using such interactive technology in the future. This paper will also investigate three aspects of interactions: human-computer interaction technology, collaborative interaction technology, remote visual interaction technology. The application of interactive technology on the virtual sand table, on the one hand, can carry out a multi-angle forward-looking analysis of the problems of urban construction and improve the efficiency of planning and approval, and development; on the other hand, it can increase public participation in urban planning and design.
keywords	interactive technology; urban planning; urban planning sand table; electronic sand table
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	ecaade2021_279
id	ecaade2021_279
authors	Coraglia, Ugo Maria, Zhu, Zhelun, Fioravanti, Antonio, Simeone, Davide and Cursi, Stefano
year	2021
title	A new Relation Matrix as a Fruitful Meta-Design Tool - How to overcome typological limits
source	Stojakovic, V and Tepavcevic, B (eds.), Towards a new, configurable architecture - Proceedings of the 39th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia, 8-10 September 2021, pp. 295-302
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2021.1.295
summary	The use of meta-design tools to support the early stages of the design process is widely proven in literature. Among these tools, the adjacency matrix and the bubble diagram provided the various professionals involved - not only in the AEC sector - with some useful information mainly regarding the connection types between spaces and the sizing of their dimensions. With the evolution of design and the change of architectural aims (e.g. sustainability, refurbishment), it is not fruitful, especially related to complex buildings (e.g. hospital, airport), to manage spaces and their connections through the traditional Adjacency Matrix and its dual (Bubble Diagram). These tools, used as they were originally designed, do not consider other characteristics but basic topological ones and are still linked to 2D geometry. For this reason, this research aims to increase the unexplored design potential of these tools considering huge advances in building object representation and links with knowledge. The first research steps led to a 3D analysis capable of providing knowledge on the connections and adjacencies between spaces and its environments located on different floors. Therefore, we decided to define further goals, breaking limits of the "adjacency" concept for a more extendable and general concept of "relation" between spaces and environments.
keywords	Relation Matrix; Meta-design; Architectural design theory; Tool
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

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