CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

PDF papers
References

Hits 1 to 16 of 16

_id caadria2022_167
id caadria2022_167
authors Aman, Jayedi, Matisziw, Timothy C, Kim, Jong Bum and Luo, Dan
year 2022
title Sensing the City: Leveraging Geotagged Social Media Posts and Street View Imagery to Model Urban Streetscapes Using Deep Neural Networks
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.1.595
source Jeroen van Ameijde, Nicole Gardner, Kyung Hoon Hyun, Dan Luo, Urvi Sheth (eds.), POST-CARBON - Proceedings of the 27th CAADRIA Conference, Sydney, 9-15 April 2022, pp. 595-604
summary Understanding the relationships between individuals and the urban streetscape is an essential component of sustainable city planning. However, analysis of these relationships involves accounting for a complex mix of human behaviour, perception, as well as geospatial context. In this context, a comprehensive framework for predicting preferred streetscape characteristics utilizing deep learning and geospatial techniques is proposed. Geotagged social media posts and street view imagery are employed to account for individual sentiment and geospatial context. Natural Language Processing (NLP) and computer vision (CV) are then used to infer sentiment and model the visual environment within which individuals make posts to social media. An application of the developed framework is provided using Instagram posts and Google Street View imagery of the urban environment. A spatial analysis is conducted to assess the extent to which urban attributes correlate with the sentiment of social media postings. The results shed light on sustainable streetscape planning by focusing on the relationship between users and the built environment in a complex urban setting. Finally, limitations of the developed methodology as well as future directions are discussed.
keywords Urban sustainability, data mining, pedestrian sentiments, transportation behavior, street level imagery, transformers, SDG 11
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/07/22 07:34

_id sigradi2022_217
id sigradi2022_217
authors Kim, Yujin; Jeronimidis, George; Ebrahim, Hesham
year 2022
title The effect of façade curvature and surrounding building heights on pedestrian-level wind speeds in the City of London
source Herrera, PC, Dreifuss-Serrano, C, Gómez, P, Arris-Calderon, LF, Critical Appropriations - Proceedings of the XXVI Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2022), Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, 7-11 November 2022 , pp. 1175–1186
summary This paper analyses the effect of façade curvature with varying the surrounding building heights on pedestrian-level wind speeds and comfort for walking, using computational fluid dynamics. The case study focuses on 20 Fenchurch Street site in London as several complaints have risen in relation to high wind speeds, the cause of which is not thoroughly understood. The results of the simulation revealed that although the increase of surrounding building heights reduces overall pedestrian-level wind speeds for both curved existing and cuboid building, façade curvature impacts differently on winds, compared to the cuboid. Isolated curved and cuboid building would perform similarly with the exception of the northwest corner. However, introducing the existing surrounding buildings, the curved façade geometry would create larger area of walking discomfort compared to the cuboid geometry. When the height of the surrounding buildings is increased, both buildings would perform similarly with minor aerodynamic advantage to the curved-façade.
keywords Building Performance, Wind Microclimate, Tall Building, Surroundings, Pedestrian-level Wind Speeds
series SIGraDi
email
last changed 2023/05/16 16:57

_id ecaade2022_203
id ecaade2022_203
authors Kim, Frederick Chando and Huang, Jeffrey
year 2022
title Perspectival GAN - Architectural form-making through dimensional transformation
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2022.1.341
source Pak, B, Wurzer, G and Stouffs, R (eds.), Co-creating the Future: Inclusion in and through Design - Proceedings of the 40th Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2022) - Volume 1, Ghent, 13-16 September 2022, pp. 341–350
summary With the ascendance of Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN), promising prospects have arisen from the abilities of machines to learn and recognize patterns in 2D datasets and generate new results as an inspirational tool in architectural design. Insofar as the majority of ML experiments in architecture are conducted with imagery based on readily available 2D data, architects and designers are faced with the challenge of transforming machine-generated images into 3D. On the other hand, GAN-generated images are found to be able to learn the 3D information out of 2D perspectival images. To facilitate such transformation from 2D and 3D data in the framework of deep learning in architecture, this paper explores making new architectural forms from flat GAN images by employing traditional tools of projective geometry. The experiments draw on Brook Taylor’s 19th- century theorem of inverse projection system for creating architectural form from perspectival information learned from GAN images of Swiss alpine architecture. The research develops a parametric tool that automates the dimensional transformation of 2D images into 3D architectural forms. This research identifies potential synergic interactions between traditional tools and techniques of architects and deep learning algorithms to achieve collective intelligence in designing and representing creative architecture forms between humans and machines.
keywords Machine Learning, GAN, Architectural Form, Perspective Projection, Inverse Perspective, Digital Representation
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2024/04/22 07:10

_id caadria2022_231
id caadria2022_231
authors Kim, Frederick Chando and Huang, Jeffrey
year 2022
title Deep Architectural Archiving (DAA), Towards a Machine Understanding of Architectural Form
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.1.727
source Jeroen van Ameijde, Nicole Gardner, Kyung Hoon Hyun, Dan Luo, Urvi Sheth (eds.), POST-CARBON - Proceedings of the 27th CAADRIA Conference, Sydney, 9-15 April 2022, pp. 727-736
summary With the ‚digital turn‚, machines now have the intrinsic capacity to learn from big data in order to understand the intricacies of architectural form. This paper explores the research question: how can architectural form become machine computable? The research objective is to develop "Deep Architectural Archiving‚ (DAA), a new method devised to address this question. DAA consists of the combination of four distinct steps: (1) Data mining, (2) 3D Point cloud extraction, (3) Deep form learning, as well as (4) Form mapping and clustering. The paper discusses the DAA method using an extensive dataset of architecture competitions in Switzerland (with over 360+ architectural projects) as a case study resource. Machines learn the particularities of forms using 'architectural' point clouds as an opportune machine-learnable format. The result of this procedure is a multidimensional, spatialized, and machine-enabled clustering of forms that allows for the visualization of comparative relationships among form-correlated datasets that exceeds what the human eye can generally perceive. Such work is necessary to create a dedicated digital archive for enhancing the formal knowledge of architecture and enabling a better understanding of innovation, both of which provide architects a basis for developing effective architectural form in a post-carbon world.
keywords artificial intelligence, deep learning, architectural form, architectural competitions, architectural archive, 3D dataset, SDG 11
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/07/22 07:34

_id caadria2022_338
id caadria2022_338
authors Dias Guimaraes, Gabriela, Gu, Ning, Gomes da Silva, Vanessa, Ochoa Paniagua, Jorge, Rameezdeen, Rameez, Mayer, Wolfgang and Kim, Ki
year 2022
title Data, Stakeholders, and Environmental Assessment: A BIM-Enabled Approach to Designing-out Construction and Demolition Waste
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.2.587
source Jeroen van Ameijde, Nicole Gardner, Kyung Hoon Hyun, Dan Luo, Urvi Sheth (eds.), POST-CARBON - Proceedings of the 27th CAADRIA Conference, Sydney, 9-15 April 2022, pp. 587-596
summary Construction and Demolition waste has started to become a target in the path for a more sustainable industry mainly due to massive resource consumption, land depletion and emissions. As a substantial amount of waste originates due to inadequate decision-making during design, strategies to design-out waste are required. Accurate environmental impact of, not only the whole building, but construction materials and elements are crucial to the development of these strategies, but dependent on data availability, expert knowledge and proper sharing and storage of information. Hence, this study aims to investigate the relation between data, stakeholders and environmental assessment to properly build a design-out waste framework. An in-depth data collection from literature review and stakeholders' interviews guided the development of a conceptual framework to assist designers with information related to waste production and its reduction. After that, the necessary technical specifications for its adoption through a BIM environment were analysed. Its contribution is firstly on a shift of thinking during the design phase, as the goal is to provide environmental information so designers can take into consideration the long-term consequences of waste from different strategies and solutions; and secondly in the development of a computational tool that facilitates the design-out process.
keywords Construction and Demolition Waste, Design, BIM, Environmental Data, Stakeholders, SDG 11
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/07/22 07:34

_id ecaade2022_275
id ecaade2022_275
authors Gan, Amelia Wen Jiun, Guida, George, Kim, Dongyun, Shah, Devashree, Youn, Hyejun and Seibold, Zach
year 2022
title Modulo Continuo - 5-axis ceramic additive manufacturing applications for evaporative cooling facades modules
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2022.1.047
source Pak, B, Wurzer, G and Stouffs, R (eds.), Co-creating the Future: Inclusion in and through Design - Proceedings of the 40th Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2022) - Volume 1, Ghent, 13-16 September 2022, pp. 47–55
summary Recent developments in industrial robotics present an increasing degree of control in additive manufacturing, enabling customization of architectural building components at the scale of the individual unit. Combining the affordances of a 6-axis robotic arm, paste- based extrusion, and terracotta clay, Modulo Continuo presents methods for part-customization of evaporative cooling facade modules. The design of the facade modules is developed firstly at the scale of the tectonic unit - as a self-supporting, interlocking modular system of curved modules with an embedded water reservoir for evaporative cooling. Second, this is developed at the scale of the toolpath - in which the density of the infill geometry in the modules is calibrated based on principles of evaporative cooling. This research presents aesthetic and performative opportunities through an exploration of infill patterning and density of modules based on evaporative cooling requirements. To produce each curved module through additive manufacturing, curved CNC milled substrates are used to support the geometry while accommodating clay shrinkage. Furthermore, this paper presents novel digital workflows for the customization of a modular façade system and the generation of variable toolpaths for infill patterns. By developing additive manufacturing methodologies for part- customization, the research presents future opportunities for the digital fabrication of ceramic construction elements.
keywords Additive Manufacturing, Digital Fabrication, Evaporative Cooling, Ceramics
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2024/04/22 07:10

_id ecaade2022_136
id ecaade2022_136
authors Hong, Soon-min, Kim, Dong-wuk, Gu, Hyeong-mo and Choo, Seung-yeon
year 2022
title Establishment of Database for Automated Building Codes Compliance Checking in the Pre-Design Phase
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2022.2.329
source Pak, B, Wurzer, G and Stouffs, R (eds.), Co-creating the Future: Inclusion in and through Design - Proceedings of the 40th Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2022) - Volume 2, Ghent, 13-16 September 2022, pp. 329–338
summary The ICT’s development has led to the introduction of work automation technology into the AEC industry, and many governments around the world have attempted to increase work efficiency by introducing the automation technology for building legality review into the building administrative system. Prior to this, it is essential to develop a database of which natural language-based building codes should be modified in code. Thus, this study addresses a method to convent building acts in the form of natural language into computer-readable one through formalization and encoding and to establish database with the aim of developing the automation technology for legality review for setting size used in pre-design phase. The method suggested is verified through the developed authoring tool.
keywords Automated Checking, Building Codes Compliance, Mass Generation
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2024/04/22 07:10

_id caadria2022_48
id caadria2022_48
authors Jeong, Joowon, Chen, Qinchuan, Kim, Nayeon and Lee, Hyunsoo
year 2022
title Virtual Reality Collaborative Platform for E-learning: Analysis of Student Engagement and Perceptions
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.1.019
source Jeroen van Ameijde, Nicole Gardner, Kyung Hoon Hyun, Dan Luo, Urvi Sheth (eds.), POST-CARBON - Proceedings of the 27th CAADRIA Conference, Sydney, 9-15 April 2022, pp. 19-28
summary In this paper, we discuss the potential of using virtual reality collaborative platforms for e-learning to improve the quality of online education. First, we explore the characteristics of existing online platforms that can be used for e-learning. Second, we present a method for creating a Virtual Reality Collaborative Environment (VRCE) for e-learning using an online platform, namely FrameVR. Third, an experiment is conducted to investigate participants' behavioural and emotional engagement when using Zoom and the VRCE for online learning. Valid survey data from twenty-two participants are analysed. Then, participants are interviewed about their perceptions of using a VRCE for e-learning. The results of the experiment confirm that using a VRCE can increase student engagement, especially emotional engagement compared to Zoom. However, the findings also suggest that there is still room for improvement in the use of VRCE for e-learning. Therefore, further suggestions are made on the drawbacks of VRCE to improve the user experience. This paper provides insight into incorporating VRCE to enhance the e-learning experience and contribute to the development of online education.
keywords Virtual Reality Collaborative Environment, E-Learning, FrameVR, Online Education, SDG 4
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/07/22 07:34

_id caadria2022_279
id caadria2022_279
authors Kim, Dongyun, Guida, George and Garcia del Castillo y Lopez, Jose Luis
year 2022
title PlacemakingAI : Participatory Urban Design with Generative Adversarial Networks
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.2.485
source Jeroen van Ameijde, Nicole Gardner, Kyung Hoon Hyun, Dan Luo, Urvi Sheth (eds.), POST-CARBON - Proceedings of the 27th CAADRIA Conference, Sydney, 9-15 April 2022, pp. 485-494
summary Machine Learning (ML) is increasingly present within the architectural discipline, expanding the current possibilities of procedural computer-aided design processes. Practical 2D design applications used within concept design stages are however limited by the thresholds of entry, output image fidelity, and designer agency. This research proposes to challenge these limitations within the context of urban planning and make the design processes accessible and collaborative for all urban stakeholders. We present PlacemakingAI, a design tool made to envision sustainable urban spaces. By converging supervised and unsupervised Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) with a real-time user interface, the decision-making process of planning future urban spaces can be facilitated. Several metrics of walkability can be extracted from curated Google Street View (GSV) datasets when overlayed on existing street images. The contribution of this framework is a shift away from traditional design and visualization processes, towards a model where multiple design solutions can be rapidly visualized as synthetic images and iteratively manipulated by users. In this paper, we discuss the convergence of both a generative image methodology and this real-time urban prototyping and visualization tool, ultimately fostering engagement within the urban design process for citizens, designers, and stakeholders alike.
keywords Machine Learning, Generative Adversarial Networks, user interface, real-time, walkability, SDG 11
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/07/22 07:34

_id caadria2022_525
id caadria2022_525
authors Kim, Hwan and Hyun, Kyung Hoon
year 2022
title Understanding Design Experience in Virtual Reality for Interior Design Process
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.1.059
source Jeroen van Ameijde, Nicole Gardner, Kyung Hoon Hyun, Dan Luo, Urvi Sheth (eds.), POST-CARBON - Proceedings of the 27th CAADRIA Conference, Sydney, 9-15 April 2022, pp. 59-68
summary Virtual reality (VR) can enhance users' spatial perception by enabling spatial design activities. Conversely, the VR environment provides more visual information for the user to process than the desktop environment, resulting in a low efficiency of the design process. This study aims to verify whether VR can have a distinctive influence on the spatial design experience compared to the desktop environment. We conducted user studies on design experience in VR and desktop environments to accomplish this goal. The results revealed that participants‚ satisfaction with the design experience was higher in VR; however, the task completion was more time consuming than in the desktop environment.
keywords Spatial Design Experience, User Study, Design Process, Virtual Reality, SDG 9
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/07/22 07:34

_id acadia22_486
id acadia22_486
authors Kim, John; Marcus, Adam; Reichert, Molly
year 2022
title Lines of Flight; Facade Design for Multispecies Migrations
source ACADIA 2022: Hybrids and Haecceities [Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9860805-8-1]. University of Pennsylvania Stuart Weitzman School of Design. 27-29 October 2022. edited by M. Akbarzadeh, D. Aviv, H. Jamelle, and R. Stuart-Smith. 486-497.
summary Lines of Flight, Human is a large-scale architectural facade design completed for the new Minneapolis Public Service Building that examines the history of human migration to the region and its impacts on human and non-human life. The project employs a range of computational techniques to spatialize cultural data about human migration and dispossession in the design of a pattern that meets bird-safety standards for buildings. The work is situated within theoretical discussions of site-specificity, land acknowledgment, the politics of immigration, procedural art, and best practices for bird mortality reduction. 
series ACADIA
type paper
email
last changed 2024/02/06 14:04

_id caadria2022_223
id caadria2022_223
authors Kim, Jong Bum, Oprean, Danielle, Cole, Laura and Zangori, Laura
year 2022
title Net Zero Game: A Pilot Study of Game Development for Green Building Education in Rural Schools
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.2.455
source Jeroen van Ameijde, Nicole Gardner, Kyung Hoon Hyun, Dan Luo, Urvi Sheth (eds.), POST-CARBON - Proceedings of the 27th CAADRIA Conference, Sydney, 9-15 April 2022, pp. 455-464
summary The research investigates the design and development of a serious game to teach green building design and energy literacy in rural middle schools in the United States. The paper presents a pilot study, education mini-game development integrated with parametric BIM and energy simulations. The game scenario was built on the developed science curriculum modules in our funded research, teaching building energy technologies such as daylighting, artificial lighting, window configurations, building materials, solar panels, etc. The mini game presents a baseline science lab and a media library of typical public schools in the United States. The players have the opportunity to improve energy literacy in several ways: manipulating the building configurations and the energy options, reviewing energy cost and the emission level changes, and monitoring the performance from the dashboards. This paper presents background theory, curriculum design, the mini-game development framework, methods and tools for energy simulation and BIM visualization, and the findings and challenges.
keywords Serious Game, Energy Literacy, Green Building Education, Parametric BIM, Energy Simulation, SDG 4, SDG 11
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/07/22 07:34

_id caadria2022_471
id caadria2022_471
authors Kim, Taehoon, Hong, Soonmin, Panya, David Stephen, Gu, Hyeongmo, Park, Hyejin, Won, Junghye and Choo, Seungyeon
year 2022
title Development of Technology for Automatic Extraction of Architectural Plan Wall Lines for Concrete Waste Prediction Using Point Cloud
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.2.597
source Jeroen van Ameijde, Nicole Gardner, Kyung Hoon Hyun, Dan Luo, Urvi Sheth (eds.), POST-CARBON - Proceedings of the 27th CAADRIA Conference, Sydney, 9-15 April 2022, pp. 597-606
summary Recently, as more and more projects on residential environment improvement in cities are actively carried out, the cases of demolishing or remodelling buildings has been increasing. Most of the target buildings for such projects are made of concrete. In order to reduce energy use as well as carbon emissions, the amount of concrete used as a building material should be reduced. This is because the concrete is the largest amount of construction waste, which the exact amount of concrete needs to be predicted. The architectural drawings are essential for the estimation and demolition of building waste, but the problem is that most of the old buildings' drawings do not exist. The 3D scanning process was performed to create the plans for such old buildings instead of the conventional method that is long time-consuming and labour-intensive actual measurement. In this study, we scanned 40 old houses that were scheduled to be demolished. The result showed that the 3D scanned drawings' accuracy - 99.2% - was higher than the ones measured by the conventional way. Through the algorithm developed in this study, the various processes of demolition, drawing measurement, and discarding quantity prediction can be solved in one process, thereby reducing work efficiently. And, considering the reliability of the research results, it is possible to reduce the economic loss by predicting the exact amount of waste in advance. After that, if the algorithm, developed in this study, can be further subdivided and supplemented to identify the materials for each part of the old buildings, it will be able to propose an efficient series of processes that distinguish between recyclable materials and wastes and thereby efficiently dispose of them. 0864108000
keywords Point Cloud, Construction Waste, Parametric Design, Algorithm, Automatic Extraction, SDG 8
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/07/22 07:34

_id caadria2022_260
id caadria2022_260
authors Ricafort, Kim, Koch, Ethan and Makki, Mohammed
year 2022
title Addressing Flood Resilience In Jakarta‚s Kampungs Through The Use Of Sequential Evolutionary Simulations
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.1.655
source Jeroen van Ameijde, Nicole Gardner, Kyung Hoon Hyun, Dan Luo, Urvi Sheth (eds.), POST-CARBON - Proceedings of the 27th CAADRIA Conference, Sydney, 9-15 April 2022, pp. 655-664
summary The urban superblock of Kampung Melayu, located in Jakarta, Indonesia, is a typology amalgamated by the environmental and infrastructural challenges caused by Jakarta‚s urban sprawl. Rapid and unregulated urban growth, fluctuating tropical conditions, rising sea levels and unprecedented environmental stresses have led to a city that is sinking, leaving unregulated low-income settlements, such as Kampung Melayu, most vulnerable. To address these issues, the presented research employs the use of a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm for an in-depth analysis of the various relationships within the urban fabric. The simulations present an alternative urban approach to the design of a flood resilient Kampung; addressing environmental and demographic stresses while maintaining the irregularity that has become ingrained in the history of the urban form.
keywords jakarta, kampung melayu, sequential simulations, evolutionary algorithm, computational design, urban growth, flood resilience, SDG 3, SDG 6, SDG 10, SDG 11, SDG 13
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/07/22 07:34

_id ascaad2022_033
id ascaad2022_033
authors Rohani, Nima; Kim, Ikhwan
year 2022
title Urban Design Analysis of New York City's Virtual Model: The Case of Tom Clancy's The Division
source Hybrid Spaces of the Metaverse - Architecture in the Age of the Metaverse: Opportunities and Potentials [10th ASCAAD Conference Proceedings] Debbieh (Lebanon) [Virtual Conference] 12-13 October 2022, pp. 188-201
summary People have started spending time with digital tools and virtual worlds to escape reality's horrors. However, designed spaces are more than the players' needs, especially those digital games that their stories involve urban environments. This inefficiency causes spending futile efforts both in time and cost for the digital games' productions; The urban environments in these digital games are replicas of real-world cities. Some companies use some techniques for downgrading replicas. Therefore, this study aims to uncover the used techniques for designing Tom Clancy's The Division (2016). By using reverse engineering methodology and qualitative comparative analysis, the in-game map compared with the real-world map. Based on the results, the used techniques allowed the designers to scale down the game environment to be 2.5 times smaller than the actual city. Rather, verisimilitude is achieved by combining sufficiently accurate elements to give the impression of complete accuracy. By implementing the results of this research, designers can develop smaller replicas to be perceived as more extensive.
series ASCAAD
email
last changed 2024/02/16 13:24

_id ecaade2022_265
id ecaade2022_265
authors Won, Junghye, Kim, Taehoon, Yu, Jinhyeon and Choo, Seungyeon
year 2022
title Development of the IFC Schema Extension Methodology for Integrated BIM
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2022.2.339
source Pak, B, Wurzer, G and Stouffs, R (eds.), Co-creating the Future: Inclusion in and through Design - Proceedings of the 40th Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2022) - Volume 2, Ghent, 13-16 September 2022, pp. 339–346
summary Although increasingly more projects and industries use Building Information Modeling (BIM) worldwide, the application of BIM is difficult and limited due to problems related to information exchange and interoperability. Accordingly, a neutral format called Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) was developed to enable information exchange between fields. However, it still has a gap with objects in various fields due to the nature of IFC structure. This study, therefore, presents an IFC Schema extension methodology applicable in each field by analyzing various cases and expanding the Entity so that the integrated BIM can be utilized. The case of extending Entity for the generation and extension of the current IFC Schema was analyzed. Through WBS analysis and specific establishment, the common point of extending Entity matched to IFC Schema was found. In addition, a methodology to extend Entity by matching with IFC Schema stage and general matching structure system were derived. This study is significant in that it can promote collaboration between the architecture field and other fields based on BIM through this methodology and matching structure system. The efficiency of using BIM is expected to be maximized.
keywords IFC, BIM, WBS, Methodology, Schema, Entity
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2024/04/22 07:10

No more hits.

HOMELOGIN (you are user _anon_388813 from group guest) CUMINCAD Papers Powered by SciX Open Publishing Services 1.002