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CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	sigradi2022_243
id	sigradi2022_243
authors	Banda, Pablo; Carrasco-Pérez, Patricio; García-Alvarado, Rodrigo; Munoz-Sanguinetti, Claudia
year	2022
title	Planning & Design Platform of Buildings By Robotic Additive Manufacturing for Construction.
source	Herrera, PC, Dreifuss-Serrano, C, Gómez, P, Arris-Calderon, LF, Critical Appropriations - Proceedings of the XXVI Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2022), Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, 7-11 November 2022 , pp. 421–430
summary	The following paper describes and comments a construction planning platform for the Additive Manufacturing of wall modules, as a set of design and planning actions that interwove robotic, material capacities and spatial characteristics. Goal here is to take semi-conventional strategy and augment the algorithmic process for design and knowledge acquisition regarding design oriented to 3D Printing Construction.
keywords	Additive Manufacturing for Construction, 3D Printing, Digital Fabrication, Parametric Design
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2023/05/16 16:56

_id	acadia23_v1_166
id	acadia23_v1_166
authors	Chamorro Martin, Eduardo; Burry, Mark; Marengo, Mathilde
year	2023
title	High-performance Spatial Composite 3D Printing
source	ACADIA 2023: Habits of the Anthropocene: Scarcity and Abundance in a Post-Material Economy [Volume 1: Projects Catalog of the 43rd Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9860805-8-1]. Denver. 26-28 October 2023. edited by A. Crawford, N. Diniz, R. Beckett, J. Vanucchi, M. Swackhamer 166-171.
summary	This project explores the advantages of employing continuum material topology optimization in a 3D non-standard lattice structure through fiber additive manufacturing processes (Figure 1). Additive manufacturing (AM) has gained rapid adoption in architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC). However, existing optimization techniques often overlook the mechanical anisotropy of AM processes, resulting in suboptimal structural properties, with a focus on layer-by-layer or planar processes. Materials, processes, and techniques considering anisotropy behavior (Kwon et al. 2018) could enhance structural performance (Xie 2022). Research on 3D printing materials with high anisotropy is limited (Eichenhofer et al. 2017), but it holds potential benefits (Liu et al. 2018). Spatial lattices, such as space frames, maximize structural efficiency by enhancing flexural rigidity and load-bearing capacity using minimal material (Woods et al. 2016). From a structural design perspective, specific non-standard lattice geometries offer great potential for reducing material usage, leading to lightweight load-bearing structures (Shelton 2017). The flexibility and freedom of shape inherent to AM offers the possibility to create aggregated continuous truss-like elements with custom topologies.
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2024/04/17 13:58

_id	ecaade2022_275
id	ecaade2022_275
authors	Gan, Amelia Wen Jiun, Guida, George, Kim, Dongyun, Shah, Devashree, Youn, Hyejun and Seibold, Zach
year	2022
title	Modulo Continuo - 5-axis ceramic additive manufacturing applications for evaporative cooling facades modules
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2022.1.047
source	Pak, B, Wurzer, G and Stouffs, R (eds.), Co-creating the Future: Inclusion in and through Design - Proceedings of the 40th Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2022) - Volume 1, Ghent, 13-16 September 2022, pp. 47–55
summary	Recent developments in industrial robotics present an increasing degree of control in additive manufacturing, enabling customization of architectural building components at the scale of the individual unit. Combining the affordances of a 6-axis robotic arm, paste- based extrusion, and terracotta clay, Modulo Continuo presents methods for part-customization of evaporative cooling facade modules. The design of the facade modules is developed firstly at the scale of the tectonic unit - as a self-supporting, interlocking modular system of curved modules with an embedded water reservoir for evaporative cooling. Second, this is developed at the scale of the toolpath - in which the density of the infill geometry in the modules is calibrated based on principles of evaporative cooling. This research presents aesthetic and performative opportunities through an exploration of infill patterning and density of modules based on evaporative cooling requirements. To produce each curved module through additive manufacturing, curved CNC milled substrates are used to support the geometry while accommodating clay shrinkage. Furthermore, this paper presents novel digital workflows for the customization of a modular façade system and the generation of variable toolpaths for infill patterns. By developing additive manufacturing methodologies for part- customization, the research presents future opportunities for the digital fabrication of ceramic construction elements.
keywords	Additive Manufacturing, Digital Fabrication, Evaporative Cooling, Ceramics
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/04/22 07:10

_id	ijac202220102
id	ijac202220102
authors	Giesecke, Rena; Benjamin Dillenburger
year	2022
title	Large-scale Robotic Fabrication of Polychromatic Relief Glass
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing 2022, Vol. 20 - no. 1, pp. 18–30
summary	This research investigates a new digital fabrication method for large-scale polychromatic glass elements. Glass elements with locally differentiated properties usually require manual labor or are limited to film applications of secondary materials that are incapable of producing material texture and relief in glass. To create mono- material glass elements for buildings with customized color, opacity, and relief present in the same glass element, this research investigates a novel robotic multi-channel printing process for industrial float glass. Mono-material polychromatic glasses do not require any additional material and can be fully recycled. This paper presents a design-to-production workflow for the construction scale within feasible cost. Investigations include kilning and material considerations, multi-channel tool and fabrication setup, tool path generation, process parameter calibration, and large-scale prototyping. The co-occurrence of locally varying opacities, colors, material textures, and relief within one glass element enabled by the presented robotic fabrication method could allow for novel optical and decorative features in facades and windows.
keywords	Additive manufacturing, robotic fabrication, multi-color printing, large-scale, glass, float glass
series	journal
last changed	2024/04/17 14:29

_id	cdrf2022_514
id	cdrf2022_514
authors	Jiaxiang Luo, Tianyi Gao, and Philip F. Yuan
year	2022
title	Fabrication of Reinforced 3D Concrete Printing Formwork
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8637-6_44
source	Proceedings of the 2022 DigitalFUTURES The 4st International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2022)
summary	In recent years, the emerging 3D printing concrete technology has been proved to be an effective and intelligent strategy compared with conventional casting concrete construction. Due to the principle of additive manufacturing strategy, this concrete extrusion technique creates great opportunities for designing freeform geometries for surface decoration since this material has a promising performance of high compressive strength, low deformation, and excellent durability. However, the structure behavior is usually questioned, defined by the thickness and printing path. At the same time, the experiments for using 3D printing elements for structural and functional parts are still insufficient. Little investigation has been made into developing reinforcement strategies compatible with 3D printing concrete. In fact, conventional formwork and easy-to-install reinforcement support structures have various advantages in terms of labor costs but can hardly be reused. Thus, using 3D concrete printing as formwork for projects in different scales is an effective solution in the mass customized prefabrication era. Considering large-scale projects, the demand to provide concrete formwork with a proper reinforcement strategy for better toughness, flexibility, and strength is necessary. In this paper, we proposed different off-site reinforced 3D printing concrete strategies and evaluated them from time and material cost, deviation, and accessibility of fabrication.
series	cdrf
email
last changed	2024/05/29 14:03

_id	ascaad2022_064
id	ascaad2022_064
authors	Li, Chao; Petzold, Frank
year	2022
title	Towards Informed Design Decision Support of Additive Manufacturing in Construction: The Use of Integrated Knowledge in BIM-based Architectural Design
source	Hybrid Spaces of the Metaverse - Architecture in the Age of the Metaverse: Opportunities and Potentials [10th ASCAAD Conference Proceedings] Debbieh (Lebanon) [Virtual Conference] 12-13 October 2022, pp. 237-252
summary	Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies have great potential to promote sustainable development in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) domain. But the inherent complexity of AM and lack of domain knowledge hinder decisions about appropriate construction methods. With state-of-the-art Semantic Web technologies, a knowledge base regarding AM technologies can be formalized and integrated into the Building Information Modeling (BIM) methodology. To this end, this paper demonstrates how a Design Decision Support System (DDSS) utilizes formal knowledge to assist architects in choosing the appropriate AM method by assessing the manufacturability of individual building components. By following and refining the essential activities described, we aim to provide architects with informed decision support, thus facilitating the versatile use of AM technologies in the AEC domain.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2024/02/16 13:29

_id	ecaade2022_384
id	ecaade2022_384
authors	Naboni, Roberto, Breseghello, Luca and Sanin, Sandro
year	2022
title	Environment-Aware 3D Concrete Printing through Robot-Vision
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2022.2.409
source	Pak, B, Wurzer, G and Stouffs, R (eds.), Co-creating the Future: Inclusion in and through Design - Proceedings of the 40th Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2022) - Volume 2, Ghent, 13-16 September 2022, pp. 409–418
summary	In the 2020s, large scale 3D concrete printing (3DCP) is one of the most important areas of development for research and industry in construction automation. However, the available technology fails to adapt to the complexity of a real construction site and building process, oversimplifying design, production, and products to fit the current state of technology. We hypothesise that by equipping printing machinery with sensing devices and adaptive design algorithms we can radically expand the range of applications and effectiveness of 3DCP. In this paper we prove this concept through a full-scale design-to- fabrication experiment, SENS-ENV, consisting of three main phases: (i) we equip and calibrate an existing robotic setup for 3DCP with a camera which collects geometric data; (ii) building upon the collected information, we use environment-aware generative design algorithms to conceive a toolpath design tailored for the specific environment with a quasi-real-time workflow; (iii) we successfully prove this approach with a number of fabrication test-elements printed on unknown environment configurations and by monitoring the fabrication process to apply printing corrections. The paper describes the implementation and the successful experiments in terms of technology setup, process development, and documenting the outcomes. SENS-ENV opens a new agenda for context-aware autonomous additive construction robots.
keywords	3D Concrete Printing, Robot Vision, Environment Mapping, Adaptive Design
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/04/22 07:10

_id	ecaade2022_431
id	ecaade2022_431
authors	Sieder-Semlitsch, Jakob and Nicholas, Paul
year	2022
title	Self-Serveying Multi-Robot System for Remote Deposition Modelling
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2022.1.233
source	Pak, B, Wurzer, G and Stouffs, R (eds.), Co-creating the Future: Inclusion in and through Design - Proceedings of the 40th Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2022) - Volume 1, Ghent, 13-16 September 2022, pp. 233–240
summary	The need for increased automation of the AEC sector has been extensively documented within the architectural discipline over recent years. Far beyond economic perspectives, current advances in technology offer an increased and more direct implementation of sustainable materials. Within this research, the potential for the re-use of material with low embodied energy within automated construction will be examined. Herefore, Remote Material Deposition (RDM, firstly described in Dörfler et al., 2014) is utilized as main fabrication method, deploying varying compositions of local building debris, lime mortar, and sand, via a throwing arm. This research explores a method of continuous verification of material deployment and removal of material oversaturation to guarantee accuracy. Herefore, all instances of the robot ecology are in direct communication with one another and the user for verification, adaptation, and information. The proposed framework is examined through experimentation by designing, building, and implementing an inter-communicative network of bespoke semi-autonomous robots with all proposed parts of the system.
keywords	Construction Automation, Material Reuse, Onsite Construction, Self Verifying System, Robot Ecology, Additive Manufacturing
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/04/22 07:10

_id	caadria2022_435
id	caadria2022_435
authors	Stieler, David, Schwinn, Tobias and Menges, Achim
year	2022
title	Additive Formwork in Precast Construction - Agent-based Methods for Fabrication-aware Modularization of Concrete Building Elements
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.2.081
source	Jeroen van Ameijde, Nicole Gardner, Kyung Hoon Hyun, Dan Luo, Urvi Sheth (eds.), POST-CARBON - Proceedings of the 27th CAADRIA Conference, Sydney, 9-15 April 2022, pp. 81-90
summary	This paper presents the geometric foundations for an agent-based modeling (ABM) approach to modularize concrete building elements for prefabrication via additive formwork. The method presented extends the functionality of existing planning tools for concrete prefabrication to addresses the manufacturing characteristics of additive formwork production using fused deposition modeling (FDM), and negotiates these with the structural requirements of its underlying building geometry. First, a method to classify building components according to fabrication methods using a probabilistic feature-based Naive Bayes classifier is presented. This classification allows to automatically assign the most suitable production method to every individual building element within a given building model. Following this class0864108000ification, elements identified for the production using additive formwork are modularized in an automated, agent-based process. The modularization process utilizing a voxel-representation of the initial building element geometry is described in detail. An agent-based method to simulate multiple modularization variants is presented and the integration of feedback from iterative negotiation processes between fabrication expenditures and structural behaviour outlined. The approach presented fosters material-saving construction and production processes in planning and therefore directly addresses crucial issues of the agenda for global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
keywords	agent-based modeling, modularization, prefabrication, ABM, volumetric modeling, additive formwork, SDG 9, SDG 12
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/07/22 07:34

_id	caadria2022_406
id	caadria2022_406
authors	Wu, Hao, Li, Ziyan, Zhou, Xinjie, Wu, Xinyu, Bao, Dingwen and Yuan, Philip F.
year	2022
title	Digital Design and Fabrication of a 3D Concrete Printed Funicular Spatial Structure
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.2.071
source	Jeroen van Ameijde, Nicole Gardner, Kyung Hoon Hyun, Dan Luo, Urvi Sheth (eds.), POST-CARBON - Proceedings of the 27th CAADRIA Conference, Sydney, 9-15 April 2022, pp. 71-80
summary	In recent years, additive manufacturing (AM) and 3D concrete printing technologies have been increasingly used in the field of construction engineering. Several 3D concrete printing bridges were built with post-tensioning technology. However, the current post-tensioned 3D concrete printing projects are mostly in a single direction of force. There are fewer cases of concrete printing funicular spatial structures, and most funicular spatial structures are currently manufactured by casting-in-place in formwork. This paper presents a case of manufacturing spatial 3D concrete printed structure using post-tensioned technology with multiple force direction. The design of the non-parallel printing path, the joints between single units, and the post-tensioned steel cable system in the design and research process are discussed. A funicular spatial structure is built, and a method of manufacturing 3DCP funicular spatial structure is proposed.
keywords	3D concrete printing, Robotic fabrication, Prestressed concrete, Funicular spatial structure, Structural optimization, SDG 9, SDG 11, SDG 13
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/07/22 07:34

_id	ecaade2023_317
id	ecaade2023_317
authors	Zamani, Alireza, Mohseni, Alale and Bertug Çapunaman, Özgüç
year	2023
title	Reconfigurable Formwork System for Vision-Informed Conformal Robotic 3D Printing
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.387
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 387–396
summary	Robotic additive manufacturing has garnered significant research and development interest due to its transformative potential in architecture, engineering, and construction as a cost-effective, material-efficient, and energy-saving fabrication method. However, despite its potential, conventional approaches heavily depend on meticulously optimized work environments, as robotic arms possess limited information regarding their immediate surroundings (Bechthold, 2010; Bechthold & King, 2013). Furthermore, such approaches are often restricted to planar build surfaces and slicing algorithms due to computational and physical practicality, which consequently limits the feasibility of robotic solutions in scenarios involving complex geometries and materials. Building on previous work (Çapunaman et al., 2022), this research investigates conformal 3D printing of clay using a 6 degrees-of-freedom robot arm and a vision-based sensing framework on parametrically reconfigurable tensile hyperbolic paraboloid (hypar) formwork. In this paper, we present the implementation details of the formwork system, share findings from preliminary testing of the proposed workflow, and demonstrate application feasibility through a design exercise that aims to fabricate unique components for a poly-hypar surface structure. The formwork system also offers parametric control over generating complex, non-planar tensile surfaces to be printed on. Within the scope of this workflow, the vision-based sensing framework is employed to generate a digital twin informing iterative tuning of the formwork geometry and conformal toolpath planning on scanned geometries. Additionally, we utilized the augmented fabrication framework to observe and analyze deformations in the printed clay body that occurs during air drying. The proposed workflow, in conjunction with the vision-based sensing framework and the reconfigurable formwork, aims to minimize time and material waste in custom formwork fabrication and printing support materials for complex geometric panels and shell structures.
keywords	Robotic Fabrication, Conformal 3D Printing, Additive Manufacturing, Computer-Vision, Reconfigurable Formwork
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ijac202220214
id	ijac202220214
authors	Baghi, Ali; Saleh Kalantari; Aryan Baghi
year	2022
title	Reconfigurable molds and a fabrication-aware design tool for manufacturing concrete grid structures
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing 2022, Vol. 20 - no. 2, pp. 420–433
summary	The design and manufacturing of concrete elements need to be reconsidered in light of current trends in architectural geometry. Today, there is a movement toward greater customization and adaptability of concrete elements using “reconfigurable formworks” and “additive manufacturing.” Our study approached the issue of fabricating non-standardized concrete elements from the perspective of a “reconfigurable fabrication platform.” Specifically, we developed a method of fabricating geometrically diverse concrete joints by combining flexible pressure-enduring tubes with a rigid mechanism, resulting in an adaptive concretecasting machine. This platform, which we named “Flexi-node,” can be used in conjunction with a relevant fabrication-aware digital design tool. Users can computationally design and fabricate a great variety of concrete joints using just one mold, with a minimum of material waste and with no distortion from hydrostatic pressure as would typically occur in a fully flexible formwork
keywords	Reconfigurable formwork, concrete casting, concrete joints, fabrication-aware design tool
series	journal
last changed	2024/04/17 14:29

_id	ecaade2022_450
id	ecaade2022_450
authors	Braumann, Johannes, Gollob, Emanuel and Singline, Karl
year	2022
title	Visual Programming for Interactive Robotic Fabrication Processes - Process flow definition in robotic fabrication
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2022.2.427
source	Pak, B, Wurzer, G and Stouffs, R (eds.), Co-creating the Future: Inclusion in and through Design - Proceedings of the 40th Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2022) - Volume 2, Ghent, 13-16 September 2022, pp. 427–434
summary	Visual, flow-based programming environments in architecture and design are built to control data flow but not process flow. However, controlling the process flow is essential for interacting with robotic fabrication processes, so that they can react to input such as user interaction or sensor data. In this research, we combine two visual programming environments, utilizing Grasshopper for defining complex, robotic toolpaths, and Unity Visual Scripting for controlling the overall process flow and process interaction. Through that, we want to enable architects and designers to define more complex, interactive production processes, with accessible, bespoke user-interfaces allowing non-experts to operate these processes - a crucial step for the commercialization of innovations. This approach is evaluated in a case study that creates a mobile, urban microfactory that prototypically fabricates location-specific objects through additive manufacturing.
keywords	Visual Programming, State Machine, Industrial Robotics, Unity Visual Scripting
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/04/22 07:10

_id	ecaade2022_170
id	ecaade2022_170
authors	Colonneau, Téva, Chenafi, Sabrina and Mastrorilli, Antonella
year	2022
title	Digital Intervention Methodologies and Robotic Manufacturing for the Conservation and the Restoration of 20th-Century Concrete Architecture Damaged by Material Loss
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2022.2.197
source	Pak, B, Wurzer, G and Stouffs, R (eds.), Co-creating the Future: Inclusion in and through Design - Proceedings of the 40th Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2022) - Volume 2, Ghent, 13-16 September 2022, pp. 197–206
summary	This article deals with the characterisation of robotic manufacturing systems and digital interventions adapted for the conservation and the restoration of 20th-century concrete buildings. By exploiting the potential for analysis and implementation of robotic manufacturing technologies used in the field of heritage science, two associated non- invasive, non-destructive and integrated intervention solutions are presented here, using two research approaches. Through the use of digital recording tools, digital modelling / simulation and additive manufacturing techniques, the first approach develops a direct repair process by adding material with the help of aerial robots. The second focuses on printing recyclable plastic mouldings in order to reproduce partially degraded or completely destroyed architectural details. The results of these two diverse and complementary researches, as well as their experimental approaches applied to conservation and restoration practices, aim to test the proposed robotic manufacturing- based method, regarding the criteria of transferability and methodological feasibility.
keywords	20th-Century Concrete Built Heritage, Conservation and Restoration Practices, Digital Modelling, Robotic Manufacturing, Democratisation
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/04/22 07:10

_id	caadria2022_299
id	caadria2022_299
authors	Cui, Qiang, Zhang, Huikai, Pawar, Siddharth Suhas, Yu, Chuan, Feng, Xiqiao and Qiu, Song
year	2022
title	Topology Optimization for 3D-Printable Large-Scale Metallic Hollow Structures With Self-Supporting
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.2.101
source	Jeroen van Ameijde, Nicole Gardner, Kyung Hoon Hyun, Dan Luo, Urvi Sheth (eds.), POST-CARBON - Proceedings of the 27th CAADRIA Conference, Sydney, 9-15 April 2022, pp. 101-110
summary	Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM), is a one of the most commonly used and foundational techniques used in the development of new products, and particularly those that involve large-scale metallic structures composed of hollow components. One such AM technique is Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM), which is the application of robotic welding technology applied to Additive Manufacturing. Due to the lack of a simple method to describe the fabricating constraint of WAAM and the complex hollow morphology, which difficultly deploys topology optimization structural techniques that use WAAM. In this paper, we develop a design strategy that unifies ground-structure optimization method with generative design that considers the features of hollow components, WAAM overhang angle limits and manufacturing thickness limits. The method is unique in that the user can interact with the design results, make changes to parameters, and alter the design based on the user‚s aesthetic or specific manufacturing setup needs. We deploy the method in the design and 3D printing of an optimized Electric Vehicle Chassis and successfully test in under different loading conditions.
keywords	Topology optimization, Generative design, Self-supporting, Hollow structures, Metallic 3D printing, SDG 12
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/07/22 07:34

_id	caadria2022_55
id	caadria2022_55
authors	Dritsas, Stylianos, Hoo, Jian Li and Fernandez, Javier
year	2022
title	Sustainable Rapid Prototyping with Fungus-Like Adhesive Materials
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.2.263
source	Jeroen van Ameijde, Nicole Gardner, Kyung Hoon Hyun, Dan Luo, Urvi Sheth (eds.), POST-CARBON - Proceedings of the 27th CAADRIA Conference, Sydney, 9-15 April 2022, pp. 263-272
summary	The purpose of the research work presented in this paper is to develop a sustainable rapid prototyping technology. Fused filament fabrication using synthetic polymers is today the most popular method of rapid prototyping. This has environmental repercussions because the short-lived artifacts produced using rapid prototyping contribute to the problem of plastic waste. Natural biological materials, namely Fungus-Like Adhesive Materials (FLAM) investigated here, offer a sustainable alternative. FLAM are cellulose and chitin composites with renewable sourcing and naturally biodegradable characteristics. The 3D printing process developed for FLAM in the past, targeted large-scale additive manufacturing applications. Here we assess the feasibility of increasing its resolution such that it can be used for rapid prototyping. Challenges and solutions related to material, mechanical and environmental control parameters are presented as well as experimental prototypes aimed at evaluating the proposed process characteristics.
keywords	Rapid Prototyping, Sustainable Manufacturing, Digital Fabrication, Robotic Fabrication, SDG 12
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/07/22 07:34

_id	cdrf2022_432
id	cdrf2022_432
authors	Felix Raspall and Carlos Banón
year	2022
title	Large-Scale 3D Printing Using Recycled PET. The Case of Upcycle Lab @ DB Schenker Singapore
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8637-6_37
source	Proceedings of the 2022 DigitalFUTURES The 4st International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2022)
summary	Large-scale additive manufacturing for architectural applications is a growing research field. In the recent years, several real-scale projects demonstrated a preliminary viability of this technology for practical applications in architecture. Concurrently, the use of recycled polymers in 3d printing has progressed as a more sustainable feed for small-scale applications. However, there are limited empirical examples on the use of additive manufacturing using recycled polymers in large-scale and real-life architectural applications. This project develops two design and fabrication approaches to large-scale manufacturing using recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) from single-use bottles into large design elements and tests them in a real-life project. The two designs are discussed in detail: a 4 m diameter dome-like chandelier printed with a robotic extruder using recycled PET pellets, and a 3.5 m diameter chandelier using a Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) printing farm. The paper covers the state of the art of related printing technologies and their gaps, describes the printing process developed in this research, details the design of the domes, and discusses the empirical evidence on the benefits and drawbacks of large-scale additive manufacturing using recycled polymers. Overall, the research demonstrates the possibilities of large-scale additive manufacturing using recycled polymers, adding findings form a real-life project to the growing body of research on additive manufacturing in architecture.
series	cdrf
email
last changed	2024/05/29 14:03

_id	acadia22pr_94
id	acadia22pr_94
authors	Fereos, Pavlos; Efthimiou, Eftychios-Nicolaos; Bauer, Kilian; Edelmann, Julian
year	2022
title	Additive Hyper-Ornamental Prototypes - Surface Articulation as Structural Leverage in 3D Printing
source	ACADIA 2022: Hybrids and Haecceities [Projects Catalog of the 42nd Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9860805-7-4]. University of Pennsylvania Stuart Weitzman School of Design. 27-29 October 2022. edited by M. Akbarzadeh, D. Aviv, H. Jamelle, and R. Stuart-Smith. 94-99.
summary	This project presents two experimental prototypes built using a 6-axis Cobot (Universal Robots UR10e collaborative robot) and PETG (polyethylene terephthalate glycol) filament processed by a plastic extruder (Herz Robot 0.8). The aim was to incorporate intricate design elements into 3D models to test or even increase the material’s structural abilities and to 3D print large and highly articulated architectural mock-up models on a 1:1 scale.
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2024/02/06 14:06

_id	caadria2022_220
id	caadria2022_220
authors	Hsiao, Chi-Fu, Lee, Ching-Han, Chen, Chun-Yen, Fang, Yu-Cyuan and Chang, Teng-Wen
year	2022
title	Training a Vision-Based Autonomous Robot From Material Bending Analysis to Deformation Variables Predictions With an XR Approach
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.2.201
source	Jeroen van Ameijde, Nicole Gardner, Kyung Hoon Hyun, Dan Luo, Urvi Sheth (eds.), POST-CARBON - Proceedings of the 27th CAADRIA Conference, Sydney, 9-15 April 2022, pp. 201-210
summary	This paper proposes a "Human Aided Hand-Eye System (HAHES)" to aid the autonomous robot for "Digital Twin Model (DTM)" sampling and correction. HAHES combining the eye-to hand and eye-in hand relationship to build an online DTM datasets. Users can download data and inspect DTM by "Human Wearable XR Device (HWD)", then continuous updating DTM by back testing the probing depth, and the overlap between physics and virtual. This paper focus on flexible linear material as experiment subject, then compares several data augmentation approaches: from 2D OpenCV homogeneous transformation, autonomous robot arm nodes depth probes, to overlap judgement by HWD. Then we train an additive regression model with back-testing DTM datasets and use the gradient boosting algorithm to inference an approximate 3D coordinate datasets with 2D OpenCV datasets to shorten the elapsed time. After all, this paper proposes a flexible mechanism to train a vision-based autonomous robot by combing different hand-eye relationship, HWD posture, and DTM in a recursive workflow for further researchers.
keywords	Digital Twin Model, Hand-Eye Relationship, Human Wearable XR Device, Homogeneous Transformation, Gradient Boosting, SDG 4, SDG 9
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/07/22 07:34

_id	ecaade2022_167
id	ecaade2022_167
authors	Lin, Han, Tsai, Tsung-Han, Chen, Ting-Chia, Sheng, Yu-Ting and Wang, Shih-Yuan
year	2022
title	Robotic Additive Manufacturing of Glass Structures
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2022.2.379
source	Pak, B, Wurzer, G and Stouffs, R (eds.), Co-creating the Future: Inclusion in and through Design - Proceedings of the 40th Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2022) - Volume 2, Ghent, 13-16 September 2022, pp. 379–388
summary	This paper proposes a glass 3D printing system that can be used at room temperature. The system employs high-frequency electromagnetic induction heaters and stone-ground carbon tubes to heat glass raw materials. In this study, a digital control system was fully utilised to control the extrusion of borosilicate glass materials. Through a calculated design and communication between a six-axis robot arm and an external computer, the robot’s printing path and speed and the feeding state of the glass printing machine can be automatically controlled for different geometric shapes and velocities. This study examines digital manufacturing processes and material properties to investigate the novel glass printing of textures and free-form surface modelling.
keywords	Glass, Induction Heating, Rapid Prototype, 3D Printing, Robotic Fabrication
series	eCAADe
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last changed	2024/04/22 07:10

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