Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	ecaade2022_222
id	ecaade2022_222
authors	Eisenstadt, Viktor, Bielski, Jessica, Langenhan, Christoph, Althoff, Klaus-Dieter and Dengel, Andreas
year	2022
title	Autocompletion of Design Data in Semantic Building Models using Link Prediction and Graph Neural Networks
source	Pak, B, Wurzer, G and Stouffs, R (eds.), Co-creating the Future: Inclusion in and through Design - Proceedings of the 40th Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2022) - Volume 1, Ghent, 13-16 September 2022, pp. 501–510
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2022.1.501
summary	This paper presents an approach for AI-based autocompletion of graph-based spatial configurations using deep learning in the form of link prediction through graph neural networks. The main goal of the research presented is to estimate the probability of connections between the rooms of the spatial configuration graph at hand using the available semantic information. In the context of early design stages, deep learning-based prediction of spatial connections helps to make the design process more efficient and sustainable using the past experiences collected in a training dataset. Using the techniques of transfer learning, we adapted methods available in the modern graph-based deep learning frameworks in order to apply them for our autocompletion purposes to suggest possible further design steps. The results of training, testing, and evaluation showed very good results and justified application of these methods.
keywords	Spatial Configuration, Autocompletion, Link Prediction, Deep Learning
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/04/22 07:10

_id	ascaad2022_063
id	ascaad2022_063
authors	Ozman, Gizem; Selcuk, Semra
year	2022
title	Generating Mass Housing Plans through GANs: A case in TOKI, Turkey
source	Hybrid Spaces of the Metaverse - Architecture in the Age of the Metaverse: Opportunities and Potentials [10th ASCAAD Conference Proceedings] Debbieh (Lebanon) [Virtual Conference] 12-13 October 2022, pp. 17-29
summary	Nowadays, Machine Learning (ML) is frequently used in almost all disciplines having an intersection with technology. Recently, architects are using existing plan data sets in architecture through Deep Learning (DL) algorithms of big data to achieve generative and non-existent plan models by using ML. Especially, Generative Adversarial Neural Networks (GANs), one of the deep learning algorithms, have been in use in the creation of generative models for architectural studies. Within the scope of this paper, architectural drawings were generated by using GANs. This generation method allows for the training of spatial layout planning to networks and for the generation of plans that do not exist in the dataset. Architectural drawings of TOKI (Housing Development Administration of the Republic of Türkiye) mass housing projects were used as datasets. In line with studies already carried out, this study attempts to create a method for further processing of the research. In this study, the differences between the plan typologies generated with raster images and the reality relations in visual productions between graph-based plan layout productions were evaluated. In this context, 157 plan datasets were obtained by multiplying plans which were spatially correlated with the RGB settings of 21 plan typologies. As a result of this research, it has been determined that the spatial layout planning of the HouseGAN algorithm provides TOK?'s current plan typologies of generation together with bubble diagrams. HouseGAN was trained using its dataset and the outputs obtained were realistic background images.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2024/02/16 13:29

_id	ascaad2022_024
id	ascaad2022_024
authors	Yonder, Veli
year	2022
title	Using Artificial Neural Networks and Space Syntax Techniques to Understand Mass Housing Design Parameters
source	Hybrid Spaces of the Metaverse - Architecture in the Age of the Metaverse: Opportunities and Potentials [10th ASCAAD Conference Proceedings] Debbieh (Lebanon) [Virtual Conference] 12-13 October 2022, pp. 283-299
summary	The design of mass housing is a complex process that involves the use of a large number of components and parameters. The field of design has unavoidably been changed by the impact of digitalization, which has resulted in the proliferation of computational design models, data structures, artificial intelligence, and an algorithmic way of thinking. Artificial neural networks, space syntax methodologies, predefined rules will help shape the steps of the schematic design process and establish certain limitations. Within the confines of this research, predefined guidelines were used to bring about geometric variances in the design of mass houses. Both traditional and digital instruments were utilized in the process. Methodologies based on artificial neural network models and space syntax techniques were utilized to investigate case studies and develop prototypes. The artificial neural network model is designed to understand the factors affecting mass housing design parameters. The importance percentages of the parameters were determined according to the outputs of this model. Besides, methodologies based on space syntax have had a significant impact, both on decision-making processes and on feedback-based design. In this study, several digital tools were used to analyze such as visibility graph analyzes, node-based techniques, and isovist analysis. In the section devoted to the conclusion, the comparison of the various prototypes that were obtained, the findings of the space syntax analysis, and the various stages of model development are discussed.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2024/02/16 13:24

_id	ascaad2022_043
id	ascaad2022_043
authors	Awan, Abeeha; Prokop, Simon; Vele, Jiri; Dounas, Theodor; Lombardi, Davide; Agkathidis, Asterios; Kurilla, Lukas
year	2022
title	Qualitative Knowledge Graph for the Evaluation of Metaverse(s) - Is the Metaverse Hype or a Promising New Field for Architects?
source	Hybrid Spaces of the Metaverse - Architecture in the Age of the Metaverse: Opportunities and Potentials [10th ASCAAD Conference Proceedings] Debbieh (Lebanon) [Virtual Conference] 12-13 October 2022, pp. 99-116
summary	With the advancement of augmented and virtual reality technologies both in scale as well as accessibility, the Metaverse (Stephenson, 1992, Hughes, 2022) has emerged as a new digital space with potential for the application of architectural creativity and design. With blockchain integration, the concept of the Metaverse shows promise in creating a “decentralised” space for design and creativity with rewards for its participants. As a platform that incorporates these technological components, does the Metaverse have utility for architectural design? Is there something truly novel in what the Metaverse brings to architectural computing, and architectural design? The paper constructs a qualitative knowledge graph that can be used for the evaluation of various kinds of Metaverses in and for architectural design. We use Design Science Research methods to develop the knowledge graph and its evaluative capacity, stemming from our experience with two Metaverses, Decentraland and Cryptovoxels. The paper concludes with a discussion of knowledge and practice gaps that are evident, framing the opportunities that architects might have in the future in terms of developing Metaverse(s).
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2024/02/16 13:24

_id	caadria2022_42
id	caadria2022_42
authors	Chen, Jielin and Stouffs, Rudi
year	2022
title	Robust Attributed Adjacency Graph Extraction Using Floor Plan Images
source	Jeroen van Ameijde, Nicole Gardner, Kyung Hoon Hyun, Dan Luo, Urvi Sheth (eds.), POST-CARBON - Proceedings of the 27th CAADRIA Conference, Sydney, 9-15 April 2022, pp. 385-394
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.2.385
summary	Architectural design solutions are intrinsically structured information with a broad range of interdependent scopes. Compared to conventional 2D Euclidean data such as orthographic drawings and perspectives, non-Euclidean data (e.g., attributed adjacency graphs) can be more effective and accurate for representing 3D architectural design information, which can be useful for numerous design tasks such as spatial analysis and reasoning, and practical applications such as floor plan parsing and generation. Thus, getting access to a matching attributed adjacency graph dataset of architectural design becomes a necessity. However, the task of conveniently acquiring attributed adjacency graphs from existing architectural design solutions still remains an open challenge. To this end, this project leverages state-of-the-art image segmentation techniques using an ensemble learning scheme and proposes an end-to-end framework to efficiently extract attributed adjacency graphs from floor plan images with diverse styles and varied levels of complexity, aiming at addressing generalization issues of existing approaches. The proposed graph extraction framework can be used as an innovative tool for advancing design research infrastructure, with which we construct a large-scale attributed adjacency graph dataset of architectural design using floor plan images retrieved in bulk. We have open sourced our code and dataset.
keywords	attributed adjacency graph, floor plan segmentation, ensemble learning, architectural dataset, SDG 9
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/07/22 07:34

_id	ijac202220307
id	ijac202220307
authors	Cicek, Selen; Gozde Damla Turhan
year	2022
title	Computational generation of a spatial layout through syntactical evaluation and multi-objective evolutionary optimization
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing 2022, Vol. 20 - no. 3, pp. 610–629
summary	The space layout problem encompasses challenges that rely on a diverse range of contexts regarding urban planning and architectural design, during the traditional design phases which require immense effort and time for the evaluation of the spatial elements’ characteristic needs. In order to eliminate the burden of considering all multidimensional design aspects at the same time, this research presents a three-bodied computational method for locating the spaces of the given architectural design program in a project site, according to the defined list of design objectives and criteria. Besides the determination of the layout according to the requirements of the spatial elements, this research proposes an integration of the space syntax theory’s analytical compounds in terms of Justified Graph Analysis and Integration Values as the fitness criteria for the multi-objective evolutionary optimization in the computational model. To satisfy the integrity levels of each various characterized element within site organization, that are implied inherently by the architectural design program and generate a sustainable space network layout for the project site
keywords	computational space layout, space syntax, spatial organization, spatial network, evolutionary algorithms
series	journal
last changed	2024/04/17 14:30

_id	ecaade2022_194
id	ecaade2022_194
authors	Fuchkina, Ekaterina, Bielik, Martin, Schneider, Sven, Ossenberg-Engels, Tobias and Hämmerle, Alexander
year	2022
title	Space Matcher - An interactive toolbox for assisting in spatializing & testing office programmes using graph centralities
source	Pak, B, Wurzer, G and Stouffs, R (eds.), Co-creating the Future: Inclusion in and through Design - Proceedings of the 40th Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2022) - Volume 2, Ghent, 13-16 September 2022, pp. 39–46
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2022.2.039
summary	Graph-based representations of functional requirements (adjacencies, bubble diagram) are a common and useful method that supports architects in the conceptual phase of planning. However, the task of specifying the functional requirements through an adjacency graph can be challenging due to a quadratic growth of complexity in relation to the number of spaces. In turn, this increase of complexity challenges the designer searching for solutions that fulfill these functional requirements. There are systems that aim to address the difficulties related to graph-based space allocation. They, for instance, use fuzzy logic to weight the edges of a graph (i.e., specify relations between spaces) and spring systems (Newtonian gravitation model) to visually clarify the resulting proximity of all spaces according to the rules. Nevertheless, the problem of specifying large-scale adjacencies itself is omitted due to the assumption that such matrices are correctly filled in some previous steps. Moreover, the translation of the resulting graph into a spatial configuration is rarely supported. This work addresses these limitations and proposes a set of tools to assist the designer when defining the adjacency requirements and searching for design solutions that fulfill these requirements. Our approach aims to reduce the complexity of the design task by using graph centrality-based design heuristics. We discuss these heuristics and show their application in a scenario where a new spatial program needs to be allocated into an existing building.
keywords	Graph Theory, Adjacency Graph, Bubble Diagram, Space Planning
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/04/22 07:10

_id	ecaade2022_133
id	ecaade2022_133
authors	Grisiute, Ayda, Silvennoinen, Heidi, Li, Shiying, Chadzynski, Arkadiusz, von Richthofen, Aurel and Herthogs, Pieter
year	2022
title	Unlocking Urban Simulation Data with a Semantic City Planning System - Ontologically representing and integrating MATSim output data in a knowledge graph
source	Pak, B, Wurzer, G and Stouffs, R (eds.), Co-creating the Future: Inclusion in and through Design - Proceedings of the 40th Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2022) - Volume 2, Ghent, 13-16 September 2022, pp. 257–266
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2022.2.257
summary	Simulation models generate an abundance of rich raw data that remains difficult to access for non-experts. However, such data could be unlocked and utilised with a Semantic City Planning System that improves data accessibility and transparency. This paper describes a process of ontologically representing mobility simulation output data using Semantic Web technologies and storing it in a dynamic geospatial knowledge graph. Our work presents two benefits: 1) formally representing simulation output data increases the accessibility and transparency of urban simulation models, and 2) access to under-utilised rich data unlocks novel cross-domain knowledge explorations and research possibilities. We demonstrate these benefits by means of cross-domain queries related to typical city planning questions.
keywords	Semantic Web Technology, Mobility, Urban Planning, Ontology, MATSim, Knowledge Graph
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/04/22 07:10

_id	cdrf2022_199
id	cdrf2022_199
authors	Jingming Li
year	2022
title	Using Text Understanding to Create Formatted Semantic Web from BIM
source	Proceedings of the 2022 DigitalFUTURES The 4st International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2022)
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8637-6_17
summary	The application of BIM in the building life cycle needs to be continuous. The information collected and accumulated in the early stages should flow to the subsequent phases. However, BIM applications currently focus on collision inspection, compliance inspection, and engineering calculation, few models can be successively used in the following stages. Remodeling is required in the operation and maintenance period, resulting in waste. Meanwhile, some of the information accumulated by BIM might be frequently used in the operation and maintenance stage, while some data are relatively rarely used. The semantic web can help manage building information at all stages. But the generation of a semantic web is mostly manually completed. It is necessary to standardize the repeated semantic description in the model and convert BIM into a standard semantic model for information indexing, reducing the resource consumption of model loading and optimizing the efficiency of the operation and maintenance system. When the existing research transforms from BIM to the semantic web, there will be a lack of information and descriptions of the ownership relationship between entities due to the limitation of formats. To realize the standard transformation from BIM to the semantic web, this work proposes a method of using Natural Language Processing (NLP) to understand the text and infer the relationship between entities according to the knowledge map. First, the entities are extracted from BIM, such as air conditioning unit, electric lamp, fan, etc., if the name of the extracted entity is irregular, the names are translated with the help of NLP and Ontology (such as brick or haystack) to obtain the standard definition. By comparing the complete knowledge graph (such as the knowledge graph of the air conditioning system), the relationships can be deduced, and then a standardized semantic model can be generated.
series	cdrf
email
last changed	2024/05/29 14:02

_id	caadria2022_32
id	caadria2022_32
authors	Lin, Han-Ting and Hou, June-Hao
year	2022
title	Exploring the Topological System of Dougong
source	Jeroen van Ameijde, Nicole Gardner, Kyung Hoon Hyun, Dan Luo, Urvi Sheth (eds.), POST-CARBON - Proceedings of the 27th CAADRIA Conference, Sydney, 9-15 April 2022, pp. 667-676
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.1.667
summary	The large-span wooden construction project uses a sophisticated tenon joinery system to overcome the limitation on the size of the material. However, making a clear layout and knowledge transfer is an important issue under the complex structure. This research takes "Dougong‚ as an example to sort out the possible knowledge graph of Dougong. Through the geometric feature classification and the relationship between the joints, we found that the structural relationship of traditional Dougong is like the branch system of the L-system. But it has the characteristic of horizontal connections that make Dougong restrain one another more firmly. Besides a graphical representation of the complex joinery system, it can quickly visualize and adjust the type changes and therefore provide another network related to the building model. Besides computational geometry to traditional wood structure analysis and automation, we also explored two new types of Dougong from a perspective of the traditional wooden structure. So, in this research, we developed automatic digital tools for Dougong and propose new applications of Space Syntax, attempting to break through the existing limitations of Dougong.
keywords	Dougong joint, Knowledge Graph Visualization, Parametric design, Space Syntax, SDG 4, SDG 9, SDG 11
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/07/22 07:34

_id	ecaade2022_114
id	ecaade2022_114
authors	Rogers, Scarlett, Rubenach, Tom, Doherty, Ben, Gardner, Nicole, Haeusler, M. Hank and Yu, K. Daniel
year	2022
title	Running, Running, Stop - Applying graph theory to pathfinding analysis to improve circulation efficiency in vertical high schools
source	Pak, B, Wurzer, G and Stouffs, R (eds.), Co-creating the Future: Inclusion in and through Design - Proceedings of the 40th Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2022) - Volume 2, Ghent, 13-16 September 2022, pp. 19–28
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2022.2.019
summary	Understanding how people circulate in a space is crucial to effective spatial organisation. However, while many studies focus on wayfinding within environments such as train stations, there are few discussing multi storey circulation and pathfinding within educational institutions. Vertical high schools differ from other frequently travelled spaces by their need to prefer multiple stairways over elevators, and to devote the maximum floor area possible to learning spaces. These considerations change and impede a student’s ability to quickly traverse multiple floors. In this research, a computational tool is designed to simulate and assess circulation efficiency within a vertical high school with the goal of lightening stairwell congestion and decreasing classroom transit times. Using action research methodology, the research problem was formulated in cooperation with an industry partner and solved in an iterative manner. As a method to assess spatial circulation performance, principles of graph theory were applied to a simplified navigation mesh derived from the high school’s floor plan and Microsoft Excel timetable using Grasshopper. The ability to understand the influence of a designer’s decisions on circulation efficiency factors such as travel time and congestion is vital to creating practical and enduring designs that avoid expensive, post-construction building alterations to fix emergent problems – a core contribution of this research. While the simulation designed in this research engages with a vertical high school context, it could be appropriated for other building types, such as offices or shopping centres. Thereby, this research makes a further contribution to demonstrating the value of developing computational tools to aid in decision making.
keywords	Graph Theory, Congestion, Internal Circulation, Education, Spatial Organisation
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/04/22 07:10

_id	acadia22_168
id	acadia22_168
authors	Sinke, Yuliya; Ramsgaard Thomsen, Mette; Tamke, Martin
year	2022
title	Design-to-production Workflows for CNC-knitted Membranes
source	ACADIA 2022: Hybrids and Haecceities [Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9860805-8-1]. University of Pennsylvania Stuart Weitzman School of Design. 27-29 October 2022. edited by M. Akbarzadeh, D. Aviv, H. Jamelle, and R. Stuart-Smith. 168-181.
summary	This paper presents a classification of two methods for fabricating 3-dimensional non-developable structural membranes with CNC-controlled industrial knitting machines: the graph method and the graded field method. It outlines the key differences in the two methods and discusses their individual benefits and limitations. It presents "Zoirotia" as a design case for the graded field method and describes a series of advances to this method as developed through the project.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2024/02/06 14:00

_id	ecaade2022_172
id	ecaade2022_172
authors	Vugreshek, Zvonko
year	2022
title	Discrete Differences between Aggregate Systems for Generative Urban and Architectural Design
source	Pak, B, Wurzer, G and Stouffs, R (eds.), Co-creating the Future: Inclusion in and through Design - Proceedings of the 40th Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2022) - Volume 2, Ghent, 13-16 September 2022, pp. 29–38
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2022.2.029
summary	The activation of aggregate systems, procedural generation, and other models of discrete computation result in different organizations and formal outcomes. Some differences seem blurry but are relevant to understand in order to govern the computational design process in the specific domain. They are developing around empiric principles, are based on discrete automation rule sets, and are intertwined in various ways. The paper presents and describes some differences and communalities between each system. Its goal is to support the computational designer, architect or urban planner in the decision-making process and choice of which system could work best in a given context and to solve a specific problem. An introduction into aggregation or automation will serve as a foundation for the research. The discrete systems Cellular Automata, Wave Function Collapse, Graph-Grammar Aggregation will be described. In this paper, the latter is specified as selection-based-aggregation. Diffusion-Limited Aggregation (DLA), which is regarded as an early translation of natural behaviour into scripted nature will serve as a framework. In a next step potential and utilization of these discrete systems in expanding the language of architectural and urban morphology will be experimentally demonstrated and compared. The paper concludes by suggesting a current state of development and potential adaptation of the methods for broader use within the architectural and urban design paradigm of developing methods for the creation of new computational typologies.
keywords	Discrete Aggregation, Cellular Automata, Procedural Generation, Urban Morphology Generation, Wave Function Collapse
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/04/22 07:10

_id	caadria2022_76
id	caadria2022_76
authors	Zahedi, Ata and Petzold, Frank
year	2022
title	Revit Add-In for Documenting Design Decisions and Rationale, a Bim-Based Tool to Capture Tacit Design Knowledge and Support Its Reuse
source	Jeroen van Ameijde, Nicole Gardner, Kyung Hoon Hyun, Dan Luo, Urvi Sheth (eds.), POST-CARBON - Proceedings of the 27th CAADRIA Conference, Sydney, 9-15 April 2022, pp. 557-566
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.2.557
summary	The building design is a problem-solving process in which the demands of the customer are turned into a design job. Throughout the design process, several specialists from various fields cooperate to develop the final design. The key deliverables that are exchanged and passed over are the generated designs. However, no explanation of design intentions or evidence of argumentations behind the design decisions is included in the design deliverables. Design documentation helps with communication and coordination between designers and other domain experts and stakeholders. Proper design documentation also preserves and protects corporate design knowledge and makes it available for future design problems and projects. This paper presents the implementation of an add-in for Revit that features the concepts of so-called Explanation Tags and Design Episodes to digitally explain and document design rationale and decisions, and ultimately capture the tacit design knowledge. As an extra feature, the add-in also enables the export of design episodes to a Graph-Database (Neo4j) as well as CSV files for future reference and use. Subsequently, the goal is to search and query inside the graph database for similar designs that can solve and answer the new design tasks in the future. This paper contributes to the UN Sustainable Development Goals, namely SDG 9 & SDG 11 among others.
keywords	Design Documentation, Explanation Tags, Design Episodes, Building Information Modelling (BIM), Design Rationale, SDG 9, SDG 11
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/07/22 07:34

_id	caadria2022_233
id	caadria2022_233
authors	Dai, Sida, Kleiss, Michael, Alani, Mostafa and Pebryani, Nyoman
year	2022
title	Reinforcement Learning-Based Generative Design Methodology for Kinetic Facade
source	Jeroen van Ameijde, Nicole Gardner, Kyung Hoon Hyun, Dan Luo, Urvi Sheth (eds.), POST-CARBON - Proceedings of the 27th CAADRIA Conference, Sydney, 9-15 April 2022, pp. 151-160
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.1.151
summary	This paper presents a reinforcement learning (RL) based design method for kinetic facades to optimize the movement direction of shading panels. Included with this research is a case study on the Westin Peachtree Plaza in Atlanta, USA to examine the effectiveness of the proposed design method in a real-life context. Optimization of building performance has been given increased attention due to the significant impact buildings have on energy consumption and carbon emissions. Further, building performance is closely related to the "Sustainable Cities and Communities‚ mentioned in SDG11. Results show that the novel design method improved the building performance by reducing solar radiation and glare and illustrate the potential of RL in tackling complex design problems in the architectural field.
keywords	reinforcement learning, kinetic facade, generative design, design methodology, SDG 11
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/07/22 07:34

_id	ijac202220106
id	ijac202220106
authors	Förster, Nick; Ivan Bratoev, Jakob Fellner, Gerhard Schubert, Frank Petzold
year	2022
title	Collaborating with the crowd
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing 2022, Vol. 20 - no. 1, pp. 76–95
summary	Microscopic agent-based simulations promise the meaningful inclusion of crowd dynamics in planning processes. However, such complex urban issues depend on a multiplicity of criteria. Thus, an isolated model cannot represent the walk of pedestrians meaningfully in planning contexts. This paper reframes crowd simulation as collaborative experimentation and embeds it directly in the design process. Beyond the simulation algorithm, this perspective draws attention to user interactions, interfaces, and visualizations as crucial simulation elements. Through a prototype, we combine an agent-based pedestrian simulation with a hybrid physical–digital interface. Based on this configuration, we explore requirements of the early design stages and accordingly discuss concepts for interaction, simulation, and visualization. The prototype blends user inputs with intuitive design interactions, adapts the simulation process to qualitative and dynamic negotiations, and presents results immediately in the discussed context. Thus, it aligns crowd simulation with contingent collaborations and reveals its potential in the early design stages.
keywords	Urban design, architectural design, design decision support, pedestrian simulation, human–computer interaction, collaborative design, early design stages
series	journal
last changed	2024/04/17 14:29

_id	acadia22_444
id	acadia22_444
authors	Gong, Lei; Zhou, Xinjie; Chai, Hua; Liu, Junguang; Yuan, Philip F.
year	2022
title	Tailoring Bending Behavior
source	ACADIA 2022: Hybrids and Haecceities [Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9860805-8-1]. University of Pennsylvania Stuart Weitzman School of Design. 27-29 October 2022. edited by M. Akbarzadeh, D. Aviv, H. Jamelle, and R. Stuart-Smith. 444-455.
summary	Bending-active structures have drawn considerable attention in the past decades of research and practice. However, most existing bending active structures are made of homogeneous materials with constant bending properties, making it difficult to achieve complex design intentions. This paper presents a novel hybrid material design strategy that enables the realization of curved active structures with complex geometries. This hybrid material consists of birch plywood and 3D printed PETG. The bending behavior of the hybrid material can be adjusted by changing the density of the 3D-printed part.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2024/02/06 14:04

_id	caadria2022_179
id	caadria2022_179
authors	Kikuchi, Naoki, Fukuda, Tomohiro and Yabuki, Nobuyoshi
year	2022
title	How a Flooded City Can Be Visualized from Both the Air and the Ground with the City Digital Twin Approach, System Integration of Flood Simulation and Augmented Reality with Drones
source	Jeroen van Ameijde, Nicole Gardner, Kyung Hoon Hyun, Dan Luo, Urvi Sheth (eds.), POST-CARBON - Proceedings of the 27th CAADRIA Conference, Sydney, 9-15 April 2022, pp. 607-616
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.2.607
summary	City digital twins are becoming increasingly important for the sustainable development of cities, and augmented reality (AR) has been attracting attention as a tool for visualizing city digital twins. In addition, from the perspective of SDG 11, it is essential to manage flood risk in urban spaces. However, there are no case studies that present a bird‚s-eye view of a simulated city. Visualizing the state of a flooded city during a disaster is one potential use case. From the perspective of information graphics, people want to understand urban data at the micro and macro levels. This study proposes a city-digital-twin approach for visualizing a simulated city using a large-scale AR and drone integration method that does not require a specific software development kit (SDK). This system can visualize the state of a city flooded by a disaster from both a bird‚s-eye view of the city at several tens of metres above it and from a first-person perspective of the user‚s area of activity. The applicability of the system is demonstrated through verification and case studies.
keywords	virtual and augmented realities, city digital twin, occlusion handling, flood visualization, web-based augmented reality (web AR), SDG 11
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/07/22 07:34

_id	ijac202220211
id	ijac202220211
authors	Mahmoud, Randa M.A.; Amr M.A. Youssef
year	2022
title	A computational framework for supporting architectural education of spaces’ furnishing design
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing 2022, Vol. 20 - no. 2, pp. 346–377
summary	Self-learning is receiving great attention internationally in different fields, along with the best utilization of different computational applications or methods. This paper introduces a novel computational approach for supporting Architectural Design Education (ADE) in its early stages; a computational implementation through MATLAB has been developed to conduct the proposed processes. As a scope, spaces’ furnishing design has been selected to demonstrate the proposed computational approach and implementation, while office workspaces have been selected as a representative case. However, the proposed approach provides and enhances ADE through three main concepts: (a) generating design alternatives for different cases of furnishing spaces, (b) providing accurate and flexible evaluations to students’/designers’ works with different levels, and (c) tracking students based on their defaults and relevant sensitive modifications. Different applications of the proposed approach have been generated, analyzed, and validated
keywords	Keywords Computational implementations, architectural design education, spaces’ furnishing, office workspaces, design framewor
series	journal
last changed	2024/04/17 14:29

_id	ascaad2022_104
id	ascaad2022_104
authors	Marey, Ahmed; AlSabbagh, Nihal
year	2022
title	Simulating Human Senses to Improve Thermal Comfort
source	Hybrid Spaces of the Metaverse - Architecture in the Age of the Metaverse: Opportunities and Potentials [10th ASCAAD Conference Proceedings] Debbieh (Lebanon) [Virtual Conference] 12-13 October 2022, pp. 689-702
summary	Between the synergies of environmental perception and technological advancement evolves the parallel world of the metaverse. Evolutionary virtuality intends to aid humanity in envisioning the threatened future of cities under environmental risks through tailored features. Traditionally, the sense of sight – which is the focus of virtual reality – has dominated the architectural practice. However, architects and urban designers have begun incorporating other senses into their work over the recent decade. The expanding understanding of the multimodal nature of the human mind that has evolved from cognitive neuroscience research has received little attention so far in the architecture field. This paper investigates the role of synthesized sensory experiences – such as visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory, and thermal sensations – in designing revolutionary settings that aim to improve people’s interactions with their surrounding environments. A 15-minute experiment of an immersive experience in an office setting using virtual reality headsets is utilized to explore the role of multimodal sensory integration towards tolerance to the thermal environment. The findings revealed significant potential in using multiple senses – especially gustatory – to design thermally comfortable spaces. It is hoped that architectural design practice would progressively include our developing understanding of human senses and how they interact. This holistic approach ought to lead to the development of multisensory-inclusive workspaces that promote rather than hinder our social, cognitive, and emotional development.
series	ASCAAD
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last changed	2024/02/16 13:38

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