Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	caadria2022_68
id	caadria2022_68
authors	Carta, Silvio, Turchi, Tommaso and Pintacuda, Luigi
year	2022
title	Measuring Resilient Communities: an Analytical and Predictive Tool
source	Jeroen van Ameijde, Nicole Gardner, Kyung Hoon Hyun, Dan Luo, Urvi Sheth (eds.), POST-CARBON - Proceedings of the 27th CAADRIA Conference, Sydney, 9-15 April 2022, pp. 615-624
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.1.615
summary	This work presents the initial results of an analytical tool designed to quantitatively assess the level of resilience of urban areas. We use Deep Neural Networks to extract features of resilience from a trained model that classifies urban areas using a pre-assigned value range of resilience. The model returns the resilience value for any urban area, indicating the distance between the centre of the selected area and relevant typologies, including green areas, buildings, natural elements and infrastructures. Our tool also indicates the urban morphological characteristics that have a larger impact on the resilience score. In this way we can learn why a neighbourhood is successful (or not) and how to improve its level of resilience. The model employs Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) with Keras on Tensorflow for the computation. The outputs are loaded onto a Node.JS environment and bootstrapped with React.js to generate the online demo.
keywords	sustainable cities and communities, resilient communities, CNN, urban morphology, SDG 11, SDG 13
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/07/22 07:34

_id	caadria2022_277
id	caadria2022_277
authors	Akbar, Zuardin, Wood, Dylan, Kiesewetter, Laura, Menges, Achim and Wortmann, Thomas
year	2022
title	A Data-Driven Workflow for Modelling Self-Shaping Wood Bilayer, Utilizing Natural Material Variations with Machine Vision and Machine Learning
source	Jeroen van Ameijde, Nicole Gardner, Kyung Hoon Hyun, Dan Luo, Urvi Sheth (eds.), POST-CARBON - Proceedings of the 27th CAADRIA Conference, Sydney, 9-15 April 2022, pp. 393-402
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.1.393
summary	This paper develops a workflow to train machine learning (ML) models with a small dataset from physical samples to predict the curvatures of self-shaping wood bilayers based on local variations in the grain. In contrast to state-of-the-art predictive models, specifically 1.) a 2D Timoshenko model and 2.) a 3D numerical model with a rheological model, our method accounts for natural and unavoidable material variations. In this paper, we only focus on local grain variations as the main driver for curvatures in small-scale material samples. We extracted a feature matrix from grain images of active and passive layers as a Grey Level Co-Occurrence Matrix and used it as the input for our ML models. We also analysed the impact of grain variations on the feature matrix. We trained and tested several tree-based regression models with different features. The models achieved very accurate predictions for curvatures in each sample (R;0.9) and extend the range of parameters that is incalculable by a Timoshenko model. This research contributes to the material-efficient design of weather-responsive shape-changing wood structures by further leveraging the use of natural material features and explainable data-driven modelling and extends the topic in ML for material behaviour-driven design among the CAADRIA community.
keywords	data-driven model, machine learning, material programming, smart material, timber structure, SDG 12
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/07/22 07:34

_id	caadria2022_33
id	caadria2022_33
authors	Alva, Pradeep, Mosteiro-Romero, Martin, Miller, Clayton and Stouffs, Rudi
year	2022
title	Digital Twin-Based Resilience Evaluation of District-Scale Archetypes
source	Jeroen van Ameijde, Nicole Gardner, Kyung Hoon Hyun, Dan Luo, Urvi Sheth (eds.), POST-CARBON - Proceedings of the 27th CAADRIA Conference, Sydney, 9-15 April 2022, pp. 525-534
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.1.525
summary	District-scale energy demand models can be powerful tools for understanding interactions in complex urban areas and optimising energy systems in new developments. The process of coupling characteristics of urban environments with simulation software to achieve accurate results is nascent. We developed a digital twin through a web map application for a 170ha district-scale university campus as a pilot. The impact on the built environment is simulated with pandemic (COVID-19) and climate change scenarios. The former can be observed through varying occupancy rates and average cooling loads in the buildings during the lockdown period. The digital twin dashboard was built with visualisations of the 3D campus, real-time data from sensors, energy demand simulation results from the City Energy Analyst (CEA) tool, and occupancy rates from WiFi data. The ongoing work focuses on formulating a resilience assessment metric to measure the robustness of buildings to these disruptions. This district-scale digital twin demonstration can help in facilities management and planning applications. The results show that the digital twin approach can support decarbonising initiatives for cities.
keywords	Digital twin, City Information Modelling, Planning Support System, energy demand model, SGD 11, SGD 13
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/07/22 07:34

_id	caadria2022_47
id	caadria2022_47
authors	An, Yudi
year	2022
title	Impact of Covid-19 on Associations between Land Use and Bike-Sharing Usage
source	Jeroen van Ameijde, Nicole Gardner, Kyung Hoon Hyun, Dan Luo, Urvi Sheth (eds.), POST-CARBON - Proceedings of the 27th CAADRIA Conference, Sydney, 9-15 April 2022, pp. 605-614
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.1.605
summary	Bike-sharing as a human-centred, zero-emission, sustainable, alternative, and easily accessible transport mode has been implemented globally and consistently contributing to communities and the environment by alleviating consumption of natural sources, traffic congestion, and air pollution, which is considered a solution for future cities. The appearance of Covid-19 significantly impacts public transportation modes, including the bike-sharing system. The intention of this study was to investigate the spatiotemporal impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on associations between urban factors and bike-sharing usage in Los Angeles, United States, by analysing a sizeable actual trip dataset and employing geographically weighted regression (GWR) models. GWR was conducted for examining the varying spatial association between bike infrastructure, public transport, and urban land use factors, and bike-sharing trip volume. The results indicated that bike-sharing usage significantly decreased during the pandemic and essential service as restaurant was found consistently and positively associated with bike-sharing use. GWR provided clear spatial patterns of bike usage based on urban land use and big user databases. The outcomes of this study could inspire policymakers and shared mobility operators to support these safe, sustainable transport alters (such as rebalancing bike stations), help city resilience, and shape a sustainable future of mobility in the post-Covid-19 era.
keywords	Bike-Sharing, Covid-19, Land Use, Geographically Weighted Regression, Big Data, SDG 11
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/07/22 07:34

_id	caadria2022_139
id	caadria2022_139
authors	Ataman, Cem, Tuncer, Bige and Perrault, Simon
year	2022
title	Asynchronous Digital Participation in Urban Design Processes: Qualitative Data Exploration and Analysis With Natural Language Processing
source	Jeroen van Ameijde, Nicole Gardner, Kyung Hoon Hyun, Dan Luo, Urvi Sheth (eds.), POST-CARBON - Proceedings of the 27th CAADRIA Conference, Sydney, 9-15 April 2022, pp. 383-392
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.1.383
summary	This paper aims to improve the usability of qualitative urban big data sources by utilizing Natural Language Processing (NLP) as a promising AI-based technique. In this research, we designed a digital participation experiment by deploying an open-source and customizable asynchronous participation tool, "Consul Project‚, with 47 participants in the campus transformation process of the Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD). At the end of the data collection process with several debate topics and proposals, we analysed the qualitative data in entry scale, topic scale, and module scale. We investigated the impact of sentiment scores of each entry on the overall discussion and the sentiment scores of each introduction text on the ongoing discussions to trace the interaction and engagement. Furthermore, we used Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modelling to visualize the abstract topics that occurred in the participation experiment. The results revealed the links between different debates and proposals, which allow designers and decision makers to identify the most interacted arguments and engaging topics throughout participation processes. Eventually, this research presented the potentials of qualitative data while highlighting the necessity of adopting new methods and techniques, e.g., NLP, sentiment analysis, LDA topic modelling, to analyse and represent the collected qualitative data in asynchronous digital participation processes.
keywords	Urban Design, Digital Participation, Qualitative Urban Data, Natural Language Processing (NLP), Sentiment Analysis, LDA Topic Modelling, SDG 10, SDG 11.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/07/22 07:34

_id	acadia23_v3_27
id	acadia23_v3_27
authors	Bakomichali, Vasiliki; Marengo, Mathilde; Thomas, Julia; Ganatra, Hiranya; Neri, Iacopo
year	2023
title	Fostering Symbiosis for Ecosystem Revival
source	ACADIA 2023: Habits of the Anthropocene: Scarcity and Abundance in a Post-Material Economy [Volume 3: Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference for the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9891764-1-0]. Denver. 26-28 October 2023. edited by A. Crawford, N. Diniz, R. Beckett, J. Vanucchi, M. Swackhamer 24-32.
summary	The impact of human activity on natural landscapes has been so profound that scientists defined a new era to characterize the trajectory shift of the planet’s ecosystem. Interference with the operation of planetary mechanisms that support the life cycles of 8.7 million species (Ritchie 2022), for the sole benefit of one, has inevitably created a crisis. The data-informed approach presented in these field notes helps to integrate ecological needs within the design process, and develop more precise design strategies to mitigate this impact.
series	ACADIA
type	field note
email
last changed	2024/04/17 13:59

_id	caadria2022_233
id	caadria2022_233
authors	Dai, Sida, Kleiss, Michael, Alani, Mostafa and Pebryani, Nyoman
year	2022
title	Reinforcement Learning-Based Generative Design Methodology for Kinetic Facade
source	Jeroen van Ameijde, Nicole Gardner, Kyung Hoon Hyun, Dan Luo, Urvi Sheth (eds.), POST-CARBON - Proceedings of the 27th CAADRIA Conference, Sydney, 9-15 April 2022, pp. 151-160
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.1.151
summary	This paper presents a reinforcement learning (RL) based design method for kinetic facades to optimize the movement direction of shading panels. Included with this research is a case study on the Westin Peachtree Plaza in Atlanta, USA to examine the effectiveness of the proposed design method in a real-life context. Optimization of building performance has been given increased attention due to the significant impact buildings have on energy consumption and carbon emissions. Further, building performance is closely related to the "Sustainable Cities and Communities‚ mentioned in SDG11. Results show that the novel design method improved the building performance by reducing solar radiation and glare and illustrate the potential of RL in tackling complex design problems in the architectural field.
keywords	reinforcement learning, kinetic facade, generative design, design methodology, SDG 11
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/07/22 07:34

_id	caadria2022_145
id	caadria2022_145
authors	Duering, Serjoscha, Fink, Theresa, Chronis, Angelos and Konig, Reinhard
year	2022
title	Environmental Performance Assessment - The Optimisation of High-Rises in Vienna
source	Jeroen van Ameijde, Nicole Gardner, Kyung Hoon Hyun, Dan Luo, Urvi Sheth (eds.), POST-CARBON - Proceedings of the 27th CAADRIA Conference, Sydney, 9-15 April 2022, pp. 545-554
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.1.545
summary	Our cities are facing different kinds of challenges - in parallel to the urban transformation and densification, climate targets and objectives of decision-makers are on the daily agenda of planning. Therefore, the planning of new neighbourhoods and buildings in high-density areas is complex in many ways. It requires intelligent processes that automate specific aspects of planning and thus enable impact-oriented planning in the early phases. The impacts on environment, economy and society have to be considered for a sustainable planning result in order to make responsible decisions. The objective of this paper is to explore pathways towards a framework for the environmental performance assessment and the optimisation of high-rise buildings with a particular focus on processing large amounts of data in order to derive actionable insights. A development area in the urban centre of Vienna serves as case study to exemplify the potential of automated model generation and applying ML algorithm to accelerate simulation time and extend the design space of possible solutions. As a result, the generated designs are screened on the basis of their performance using a Design Space Exploration approach. The potential for optimisation is evaluated in terms of their environmental impact on the immediate environment.
keywords	simulation, prediction and evaluation, machine learning, computational modelling, digital design, high-rises, SGD 11, SDG 13
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/07/22 07:34

_id	ascaad2022_004
id	ascaad2022_004
authors	Falih, Zahraa; Mahdavinejad, Mohammadjavad; Tarawneh, Deyala; Al-Mamaniori, Hamza
year	2022
title	Solar Energy Control Strategy using Interactive Modules
source	Hybrid Spaces of the Metaverse - Architecture in the Age of the Metaverse: Opportunities and Potentials [10th ASCAAD Conference Proceedings] Debbieh (Lebanon) [Virtual Conference] 12-13 October 2022, pp. 117-138
summary	The concept of interactive canopy emerged as a notable manifestation of smart buildings in architectural endeavors, using artificial intelligence applications in computational architecture, interactive canopies came as a potential response for living organisms to combat external environmental changes as well as reduce energy consumption in buildings. This research aims to explore architecture with higher efficiency through the impact of environmentally technological factors on the design form by introducing solar energy into the design process through the implementation of interactive curtains that interact with the sun in the form of an umbrella. The main objective of the umbrellas is to protect the users from the sun's harmful rays. After designing an interactive cell using Grasshopper, the methodology follows an analytical and experimental approach, the analytical section is summarized by conducting a case study of multiple models and analyzing the techniques used in these models to discover the significant advantages and disadvantages of the design. While the experimental section demonstrates the mechanism for implementing the interactive modules. The research suggests that by designing an interactive canopy that responds to external changes and senses solar radiation in ways that when the intensity of solar radiation increases and the sun is perpendicular to the dynamic units, will lead to maintaining a more balanced level of illumination. The work efficiency is studied by simulating it by Climate Studio.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2024/02/16 13:24

_id	ecaade2022_122
id	ecaade2022_122
authors	Kinoshita, Airi, Fukuda, Tomohiro and Yabuki, Nobuyoshi
year	2022
title	Enhanced Tracking Method with Object Detection for Mixed Reality in Outdoor Large Space
source	Pak, B, Wurzer, G and Stouffs, R (eds.), Co-creating the Future: Inclusion in and through Design - Proceedings of the 40th Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2022) - Volume 2, Ghent, 13-16 September 2022, pp. 457–466
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2022.2.457
summary	Mixed-reality landscape simulation is one of the visual methods used in landscape design studies. A markerless tracking method using image processing has been proposed for properly aligning the real and virtual worlds involved with landscape simulations in large spaces. However, this method is challenging because tracking breaks down if a dynamic object is encountered during the mixed-reality execution. In this study, we integrated deep-learning object detection with natural feature-based tracking, which tracks manually defined feature points (tracking reference points), with the aim of reducing the impact of moving objects such as people and cars on mixed-reality tracking. The prototype system was implemented and tracking was performed on pre-recorded video taken outdoors. Performance was verified in terms of the number of errors associated with tracking the reference points and the accuracy of the mixed-reality display results (camera pose estimation results). Compared to the conventional system, our system was able to reduce the influence of moving objects that cause errors when tracking reference points. The accuracy of the camera pose estimation results was also verified to be improved. This research will contribute to developing mixed-reality simulation systems for large-scale spaces that are accessible to everyone, including users in the architectural field.
keywords	Landscape Visualization, Mixed Reality, Object Detection, Tracking, Deep Learning
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/04/22 07:10

_id	caadria2022_271
id	caadria2022_271
authors	Napier, Ilaena Mariam
year	2022
title	Robotically Printed Seaweed as a Biomaterial within Architecture and Design
source	Jeroen van Ameijde, Nicole Gardner, Kyung Hoon Hyun, Dan Luo, Urvi Sheth (eds.), POST-CARBON - Proceedings of the 27th CAADRIA Conference, Sydney, 9-15 April 2022, pp. 303-312
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.2.303
summary	This research aims to develop and understand the impact of seaweed as a bio-based material within architecture and design. The research is influenced by current global challenges, outlined by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), such as carbon drawdown, the problem of material waste, and the need to create more sustainable manufacturing processes. Seaweed is an organic biomass that does not require land, fresh water or fertilisers to grow, and growing it can reduce the effects of global warming as it sequesters large amounts of carbon dioxide. In turn, it can be harvested and used for a range of products including food, biofuel, fertiliser and bioplastic. The research focuses on the development of an organic, water-based biocomposite material made from sodium alginate, a derivative of brown seaweed, combined with cellulose powder, vegetable glycerine, and kelp powder. A set of methodical experiments were conducted and studied, with the aim of creating a novel material which can adapt to its surrounding environment and can degrade naturally. By creating and fabricating using renewable resources, one can create novel materials that are carbon neutral and contribute to a natural resource cycle. Ultimately, the material decays and returns to the earth, for the purpose of remediating soils and replenishing growth.
keywords	Seaweed Biocomposite Material, Paste Extrusion Method, Water-based Robotic Fabrication, Circular Design, SDG 12, SDG 13, SDG 14
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/07/22 07:34

_id	ecaade2022_001
id	ecaade2022_001
authors	Pak, Burak, Wurzer, Gabriel and Stouffs, Rudi
year	2022
title	eCAADe 2022 Co-creating the Future: Inclusion in and through Design- Volume 2
source	Pak, B, Wurzer, G and Stouffs, R (eds.), Co-creating the Future: Inclusion in and through Design - Proceedings of the 40th Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2022) - Volume 2, Ghent, 13-16 September 2022, 646 p.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2022.2
summary	Spatial design is becoming an increasingly social, participatory and inclusive practice. In the last decade, ordinary people all around the world have started to claim a shaping power over the processes of urbanization; over the ways in which our cities are made and remade (Harvey, 2013). There has been a resurgence in the number of do-it-yourself cooperatives initiated by non-designer citizens, activists, artists and designers. In parallel to these developments, a plethora of social technologies, tools and platforms have been developed to include a variety of stakeholders in the architectural design, urban design, planning and decision-making processes. Crowdsourcing and crowdfunding applications started to be widely used to tap into the wisdom of the crowd. Novel developments in parametric design and digital fabrication created possibilities for user participation in the making of customized and highly diversified products. With the combination of artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things, smart buildings, autonomous devices, robots and software started to transform into agents and active participants. The attempts to harness collective human and artificial intelligence opened up new avenues for combining practice, research and education. On the other hand, there is a growing concern over the possible negative impact of the digital devices, tools, platforms and agents integrated in the making of our buildings and cities, public, private and collective spaces. Examples of those are the potential exclusion of vulnerable and disadvantaged citizens, transfer of citizen power to the corporations, privatization of personal life and data, as well as spatial exclusion through increased technological control and surveillance.
keywords	Proceedings, Front Matter
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/04/22 07:10

_id	ecaade2022_000
id	ecaade2022_000
authors	Pak, Burak, Wurzer, Gabriel and Stouffs, Rudi
year	2022
title	eCAADe 2022 Co-creating the Future: Inclusion in and through Design - Volume 1
source	Pak, B, Wurzer, G and Stouffs, R (eds.), Co-creating the Future: Inclusion in and through Design - Proceedings of the 40th Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2022) - Volume 1, Ghent, 13-16 September 2022, 672 p.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2022.1
summary	Spatial design is becoming an increasingly social, participatory and inclusive practice. In the last decade, ordinary people all around the world have started to claim a shaping power over the processes of urbanization; over the ways in which our cities are made and remade (Harvey, 2013). There has been a resurgence in the number of do-it-yourself cooperatives initiated by non-designer citizens, activists, artists and designers. In parallel to these developments, a plethora of social technologies, tools and platforms have been developed to include a variety of stakeholders in the architectural design, urban design, planning and decision-making processes. Crowdsourcing and crowdfunding applications started to be widely used to tap into the wisdom of the crowd. Novel developments in parametric design and digital fabrication created possibilities for user participation in the making of customized and highly diversified products. With the combination of artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things, smart buildings, autonomous devices, robots and software started to transform into agents and active participants. The attempts to harness collective human and artificial intelligence opened up new avenues for combining practice, research and education. On the other hand, there is a growing concern over the possible negative impact of the digital devices, tools, platforms and agents integrated in the making of our buildings and cities, public, private and collective spaces. Examples of those are the potential exclusion of vulnerable and disadvantaged citizens, transfer of citizen power to the corporations, privatization of personal life and data, as well as spatial exclusion through increased technological control and surveillance.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/04/22 07:10

_id	cdrf2022_359
id	cdrf2022_359
authors	Qiaoming Deng, Xiaofeng Li, and Yubo Liu
year	2022
title	Using Pix2Pix to Achieve the Spatial Refinement and Transformation of Taihu Stone
source	Proceedings of the 2022 DigitalFUTURES The 4st International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2022)
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8637-6_31
summary	Under the impact of globalization, the transformation of traditional architectural space is particularly important for the development of local architecture. As an important spatial component of traditional gardens, Taihu stone has the image characteristics of “thin, wrinkled, leaky and transparent”. The “transparency” and “ leaky” of Taihu stone reflect the connectivity and irregularity of the holes of Taihu stone, which are in line with the ideas of flowing space and transparency in contemporary architectural design. However, there are relatively few theoretical studies on the spatial analysis and design transformation of Taihu stone. The Pix2Pix model extracts the 3D spatial variation pattern by learning the variation pattern between two adjacent slices of Taihu stone. The trained Pix2Pix model can generate a series of continuous spatial sections with the spatial variation pattern of Taihu stone. Finally, the 2D sections are transformed into 3D building volumes to complete the spatial translation of Taihu stone in contemporary architectural design. In addition, this paper also provides a new idea for machine learning to master the continuous 3D spatial change pattern.
series	cdrf
email
last changed	2024/05/29 14:03

_id	sigradi2022_169
id	sigradi2022_169
authors	Riquelme, Marianne; Martínez Arias, Andrea; Rivera Barraza, María Isabel
year	2022
title	The effects of vertical growth: Study of the right to solar access in residential areas. The case of Concepción, Chile.
source	Herrera, PC, Dreifuss-Serrano, C, Gómez, P, Arris-Calderon, LF, Critical Appropriations - Proceedings of the XXVI Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2022), Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, 7-11 November 2022 , pp. 1163–1174
summary	In Chile, the neoliberal economic model has intensified the densification process with few restrictions, giving rise to a prolific construction of high-rise multi-family buildings in low-density areas. The study uses a case of a high-rise housing complex that contrasts with local typologies and breaks the human scale in a traditional neighborhood (i.e., one story continues façade). The impact of shadow projections on its neighboring houses is calculated and duration according to the solar sun path. In addition, the effect on daylight availability in the residential units of the towers is analyzed. The results show that the tower's complex projects shade the neighborhood for up to 200m in winter. Also, a tower's daylighting autonomy decreases by 13% in lower floorplans because of the shades of its neighboring towers. It reflects how this form of high-rise housing affects a fundamental right: the right to the sun in its forms of radiation for passive heating in a heating-demanding climate zone and the potential for daylight harvesting for its own residential units.
keywords	Design, Nature and Ecosystems, shadow cones, high-rise residential, daylight, simulation
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2023/05/16 16:57

_id	ecaade2022_30
id	ecaade2022_30
authors	Sopher, Hadas, Casakin, Hernan and Gero, John S.
year	2022
title	Effect of Immersive VR on Student-Tutor Interaction in Design Crits
source	Pak, B, Wurzer, G and Stouffs, R (eds.), Co-creating the Future: Inclusion in and through Design - Proceedings of the 40th Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2022) - Volume 1, Ghent, 13-16 September 2022, pp. 123–132
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2022.1.123
summary	Immersive Virtual Reality (iVR) systems form a representational medium for student-tutor collaboration in studio crits through a shared presence in a life scale display of the design, making them relevant for design crits where students and tutors interact in developing a solution to a design problem. iVRs are known to support design activity. However, research focusing on the impact of iVRs on student-tutor interaction is scarce, creating a gap in integrating these systems as educational settings. In response, this research analyzes a natural case study of student-tutor interaction in two architecture studio crits that used the iVR and non-immersive media. We employed the Function- Behaviour-Structure ontology to track the design issues generated for each medium. Further analysis identified the distribution of cognitive effort measured by problem- solution indexes. Preliminary results show large differences when using the two media: The iVR was found to support a higher frequency of solution-focused issues generated by the student and to maintain a lower Problem-Solution Index for the student than for the tutor, serving as an empirical foundation for further research on the effects of deploying this technology in the design studio.
keywords	Immersive VR, Studio, Design Cognition, FBS, Student-Tutor Interaction
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/04/22 07:10

_id	caadria2022_115
id	caadria2022_115
authors	Sopher, Hadas, Milovanovic, Julie and Gero, John S.
year	2022
title	Exploring the Effect of Immersive VR on Student-Tutor Communication in Architecture Design Crits
source	Jeroen van Ameijde, Nicole Gardner, Kyung Hoon Hyun, Dan Luo, Urvi Sheth (eds.), POST-CARBON - Proceedings of the 27th CAADRIA Conference, Sydney, 9-15 April 2022, pp. 315-324
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.2.315
summary	Using digital tools like immersive Virtual Reality (iVR) reduce the carbon footprint by providing collocated and remote communication through virtual design studios. By providing a sense of presence in a digital display, iVR systems impact student-tutor communication during design critiques or crits. Research lacks studies articulating how iVRs change crits' communication to increase the ability to integrate iVRs as educational media and promote a quality education in inter-university studios. To this end, this study explores the cognitive structure of student-tutor communication during collocated architecture crits using iVR and non-immersive media. We employed protocol analysis to analyze divergent thinking by tracking the distribution of First Occurrences of design issues. Combining protocol analysis with Natural Language Processing, we explored the size of the design space generated during the crits. Results from a case study that includes twelve crits from three students show an increase in students‚ exploration of the design space and divergent thinking in the iVR crits, providing evidence that iVR enhances learners' communication. iVRs can be integrated to support remote design studios without the generation of carbon due to physical travel.
keywords	Immersive VR, Design cognition, Architecture Studio, NLP, First occurrence, Design networks, SDG 4
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/07/22 07:34

_id	ecaade2022_248
id	ecaade2022_248
authors	Szentesi-Nejur, Szende, de Luca, Francesco and Flamand, Krystel
year	2022
title	Simulation Based Daylight Uniformity Optimizations for Elementary School Projects in Quebec Province
source	Pak, B, Wurzer, G and Stouffs, R (eds.), Co-creating the Future: Inclusion in and through Design - Proceedings of the 40th Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2022) - Volume 1, Ghent, 13-16 September 2022, pp. 639–648
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2022.1.639
summary	Adequate quantity of daylight provision and its uniform distribution is a key factor in the design of educational buildings. Methods exists to assess through simulations the adequacy of daylight quantity and its uniformity in buildings during the design phase. Building regulations and public procurement procedures set the daylight requirements for school buildings. Daylight regulations were recently introduced in Quebec, Canada, which have an impact also on the economic feasibility of projects. This study presents an investigation about optimal daylight design solutions for a classroom in the Quebec climate. A parametric model and a generative process was developed to optimize a skylight and a light shelf to improve uniformity while providing adequate daylight in classrooms with different orientations. The methods and outcomes which includes economic considerations represent a useful insight for designers and researchers.
keywords	Daylight Optimization, Iterative Design, Cost-Effective Design, School Buildings, Climate-based Daylight Modelling
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/04/22 07:10

_id	ascaad2022_102
id	ascaad2022_102
authors	Turki, Laila; Ben Saci, Abdelkader
year	2022
title	Generative Design for a Sustainable Urban Morphology
source	Hybrid Spaces of the Metaverse - Architecture in the Age of the Metaverse: Opportunities and Potentials [10th ASCAAD Conference Proceedings] Debbieh (Lebanon) [Virtual Conference] 12-13 October 2022, pp. 434-449
summary	The present work concerns the applications of generative design for sustainable urban fabric. This represents an iterative process that involves an algorithm for the generation of solar envelopes to satisfy solar and density constraints. We propose in this paper to explore a meta-universe of human-machine interaction. It aims to design urban forms that offer solar access. This being to minimize heating energy expenditure and provide solar well-being. We propose to study the impact of the solar strategy of building morphosis on energy exposure. It consists of determining the layout and shape of the constructions based on the shading cut-off time. This is a period of desirable solar access. We propose to define it as a balance between the solar irradiation received in winter and that received in summer. We rely on the concept of the solar envelope defined since the 1970s by Knowles and its many derivatives (Koubaa Turki & al., 2020). We propose a parametric model to generate solar envelopes at the scale of an urban block. The generative design makes it possible to create a digital model of the different density solutions by varying the solar access duration. The virtual environment created allows exploring urban morphologies resilient both to urban densification and better use of the context’s resources. The seasonal energy balance, between overexposure in summer and access to the sun in winter, allows reaching high energy and environmental efficiency of the buildings. We have developed an algorithm on Dynamo for the generation of the solar envelope by shading exchange. The program makes it possible to detect the boundaries of the parcels imported from Revit, establish the layout of the building, and generate the solar envelopes for each variation of the shading cut-off time. It also calculates the FAR1 and the FSI2 from the variation of the shading cut-off time for each parcel of the island. We compare the solutions generated according to the urban density coefficients and the solar access duration. Once the optimal solution has been determined, we export the results back into Revit environment to complete the BIM modelling for solar study. This article proposes a method for designing buildings and neighbourhoods in a virtual environment. The latter acts upstream of the design process and can be extended to the different phases of the building life cycle: detailed design, construction, and use.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2024/02/16 13:38

_id	caadria2022_255
id	caadria2022_255
authors	Wu, Zihao, Zhang, Yunsong and Tong, Ziyu
year	2022
title	Quantification of the Thermal Environmental Value of Urban Pores: A Case Study of Nanjing
source	Jeroen van Ameijde, Nicole Gardner, Kyung Hoon Hyun, Dan Luo, Urvi Sheth (eds.), POST-CARBON - Proceedings of the 27th CAADRIA Conference, Sydney, 9-15 April 2022, pp. 719-728
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.2.719
summary	The term "Urban pores‚ refers to the space formed by the enclosure of buildings, which have great value for regulating the microclimate. Many previous studies have focused only on a single urban pore section, ignoring the spatial distribution at the urban scale. In this study, the openness of urban pores in Nanjing was quantified and grouped, and then the spatial distribution characteristics of each openness group were further calculated. Based on this, the study combined the spatial distribution characteristics of urban pores with urban thermal environment data and an LCZ urban form classification model to analyse the impact of urban pores on the urban thermal environment. The results show that 1) the impact of urban pores is greater in summer and autumn, where its spatial agglomeration has a higher cooling value for the urban thermal environment, while this is not significant in winter; 2) the spatial agglomeration of urban pores in the high openness group, mid-high openness group and mid-low openness group have a higher cooling effect, which mainly corresponds to water, open spaces or parks and urban roads. These spaces should be given more attention when developing urban design strategies. The results can provide some references for urban development.
keywords	urban pores, openness, spatial distribution, urban thermal environment, local climate zone (LCZ), SDG 11, SDG 13
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/07/22 07:34

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