Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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Reformat results as: short short into frame detailed detailed into frame

_id	ecaade2022_360
id	ecaade2022_360
authors	Azambuja Varela, Pedro, Lacroix, Igor, Güzelci, Orkan Zeynel and Sousa, José Pedro
year	2022
title	Democratizing Stereotomic Construction through AR Technologies - A reusable mold methodology to the production of customized voussoirs using HoloLens
source	Pak, B, Wurzer, G and Stouffs, R (eds.), Co-creating the Future: Inclusion in and through Design - Proceedings of the 40th Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2022) - Volume 1, Ghent, 13-16 September 2022, pp. 225–232
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2022.1.225
summary	Mass customizing of building components allows new conditions to explore aesthetic and sustainability in architecture. However, such possibilities tend to require the use of expensive and heavy digital fabrication machinery, which is seldomly available in most regions on the planet. In this context, this paper presents a research in progress that explores Augmented Reality (AR) to support craft production of customized stereotomic components. As a portable technology, the work examines the potential of AR to materialize design solutions that are geometrically complex and variable. Considering the current research on augmented fabrication processes, this work contributes to producing variable building components for stereotomic construction with a focus on earth-based materials. Extending the findings of a recently completed PhD thesis, the work replaces the use of a robot with the HoloLens glasses and Fologram application to produce low- cost and reusable molds. This augmented fabrication setup allows the human control of the production of variable molds, ready for casting and assembly of stereotomic components. This work addresses several of the NEB and UN SDGs goals.
keywords	Stereotomy, Augmented Reality, Augmented Fabrication, Customized Production, New European Bauhuas
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/04/22 07:10

_id	ecaade2022_158
id	ecaade2022_158
authors	Zhao, Xingjian, Wang, Tsung-Hsien and Peng, Chengzhi
year	2022
title	Automatic Room Type Classification using Machine Learning for Two-Dimensional Residential Building Plans
source	Pak, B, Wurzer, G and Stouffs, R (eds.), Co-creating the Future: Inclusion in and through Design - Proceedings of the 40th Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2022) - Volume 2, Ghent, 13-16 September 2022, pp. 593–600
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2022.2.593
summary	Building plan semantic retrieval is of interest in every stage of construction and facility management processes. A conceptual design model with a space layout can be used for the early building evaluation, such as functional spatial validation, circulation and security checking, cost estimation, and preliminary energy consumption simulation. With the development of information technology, existing machine learning methods applied to semantic segmentation of building plan images have successfully identified building elements such as doors, windows, and walls. However, for the higher level of room type/function recognition, the prediction accuracy is low when building plans do not contain sufficient details such as furniture. In this paper, we present a workflow and a predictive model for residential room type classification. Given a building plan image, the building elements are first identified, followed by room feature extraction by connectivity and morphological characterization using a rule-based algorithm. The Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) is trained with the feature set and then predicts the room type of test samples. We collected 1,586 residential room samples from 165 building layout plans and categorized rooms into nine types. Finally, our current model can achieve a classification accuracy of 0.82.
keywords	Floor Plan Semantic Retrieval, Room Type Classification, Machine Learning
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/04/22 07:10

_id	ecaade2023_317
id	ecaade2023_317
authors	Zamani, Alireza, Mohseni, Alale and Bertug Çapunaman, Özgüç
year	2023
title	Reconfigurable Formwork System for Vision-Informed Conformal Robotic 3D Printing
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 387–396
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.387
summary	Robotic additive manufacturing has garnered significant research and development interest due to its transformative potential in architecture, engineering, and construction as a cost-effective, material-efficient, and energy-saving fabrication method. However, despite its potential, conventional approaches heavily depend on meticulously optimized work environments, as robotic arms possess limited information regarding their immediate surroundings (Bechthold, 2010; Bechthold & King, 2013). Furthermore, such approaches are often restricted to planar build surfaces and slicing algorithms due to computational and physical practicality, which consequently limits the feasibility of robotic solutions in scenarios involving complex geometries and materials. Building on previous work (Çapunaman et al., 2022), this research investigates conformal 3D printing of clay using a 6 degrees-of-freedom robot arm and a vision-based sensing framework on parametrically reconfigurable tensile hyperbolic paraboloid (hypar) formwork. In this paper, we present the implementation details of the formwork system, share findings from preliminary testing of the proposed workflow, and demonstrate application feasibility through a design exercise that aims to fabricate unique components for a poly-hypar surface structure. The formwork system also offers parametric control over generating complex, non-planar tensile surfaces to be printed on. Within the scope of this workflow, the vision-based sensing framework is employed to generate a digital twin informing iterative tuning of the formwork geometry and conformal toolpath planning on scanned geometries. Additionally, we utilized the augmented fabrication framework to observe and analyze deformations in the printed clay body that occurs during air drying. The proposed workflow, in conjunction with the vision-based sensing framework and the reconfigurable formwork, aims to minimize time and material waste in custom formwork fabrication and printing support materials for complex geometric panels and shell structures.
keywords	Robotic Fabrication, Conformal 3D Printing, Additive Manufacturing, Computer-Vision, Reconfigurable Formwork
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	caadria2022_507
id	caadria2022_507
authors	Bolojan, Daniel, Vermisso, Emmanouil and Yousif, Shermeen
year	2022
title	Is Language All We Need? A Query Into Architectural Semantics Using a Multimodal Generative Workflow
source	Jeroen van Ameijde, Nicole Gardner, Kyung Hoon Hyun, Dan Luo, Urvi Sheth (eds.), POST-CARBON - Proceedings of the 27th CAADRIA Conference, Sydney, 9-15 April 2022, pp. 353-362
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.1.353
summary	This project examines how interconnected artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted workflows can address the limitations of current language-based models and streamline machine-vision related tasks for architectural design. A precise relationship between text and visual feature representation is problematic and can lead to "ambiguity‚ in the interpretation of the morphological/tectonic complexity of a building. Textual representation of a design concept only addresses spatial complexity in a reductionist way, since the outcome of the design process is co-dependent on multiple interrelated systems, according to systems theory (Alexander 1968). We propose herewith a process of feature disentanglement (using low level features, i.e., composition) within an interconnected generative adversarial networks (GANs) workflow. The insertion of natural language models within the proposed workflow can help mitigate the semantic distance between different domains and guide the encoding of semantic information throughout a domain transfer process.
keywords	Neural Language Models, GAN, Domain Transfer, Design Agency, Semantic Encoding, SDG 9
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/07/22 07:34

_id	ecaade2022_302
id	ecaade2022_302
authors	Lu, Xin, Meng, Zeyuan, Rodriguez, Alvaro Lopez and Pantic, Igor
year	2022
title	Reusable Augmented Concrete Casting System - Accessible method for formwork manufacturing through holographic guidance
source	Pak, B, Wurzer, G and Stouffs, R (eds.), Co-creating the Future: Inclusion in and through Design - Proceedings of the 40th Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2022) - Volume 1, Ghent, 13-16 September 2022, pp. 371–380
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2022.1.371
summary	Reinforced concrete has been one of the essential materials for modern architecture for the last hundred years. Its use is entirely global, having been adopted by all cultures and styles since its invention in the late 19th century. Although its value is excellent due to its low cost, durability and adaptability, its environmental impact is significant, being, in fact, one of the most polluting industries in the world (Babor et al. 2009). This experimental project will research a more sustainable use of concrete, exploring a new form of reusable concrete formwork that will ideally reduce the CO2 footprint by removing wood waste in the casting process and replacing it with adaptable metal components. The modular part-based system for the concrete casting also attempts to simplify one of the current complexities for concrete construction, the Skilled-Labour shortage. (Yusoff et al. 2021). To mitigate this problem, the project also proposes using an Augmented Assembly logic for the casting parts to guide the ensemble and dismantle the formwork through an optimised algorithmic logic. The use of Augmented Reality as a replacement for traditional paper instructions will facilitate access to more workers to this construction art and potentially improve access to optimised use of concrete in developing communities with restricted building technological resources.
keywords	Mixed Reality, Distributed Manufacturing, Augmented Manufacturing, Sustainability, Computational Design, Concrete Casting
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/04/22 07:10

_id	ascaad2022_022
id	ascaad2022_022
authors	Marey, Ahmed; Goubran, Sherif
year	2022
title	Low-cost Portable Wireless Electroencephalography to Detect Emotional Responses to Visual Cues: Validation and Potential Applications
source	Hybrid Spaces of the Metaverse - Architecture in the Age of the Metaverse: Opportunities and Potentials [10th ASCAAD Conference Proceedings] Debbieh (Lebanon) [Virtual Conference] 12-13 October 2022, pp. 139-154
summary	This paper validates the using a low-cost EEG headset – Emotiv Insight 2.0 – for detecting emotional responses to visual stimuli. The researchers detected, based on brainwave activity, the viewer’s emotional states in reference to a series of visuals and mapped them on valance and arousal axes. Valence in this research is defined as the viewer’s positive or negative state, and arousal is defined as the intensity of the emotion or how calm or excited the viewer is. A set of thirty images – divided into two categories: Objects and Scenes – was collected from the Open Affective Standard Image Set (OASIS) and used as a reference for validation. We collected a total of 720 data points for six different emotional states: Engagement, Excitement, Focus, Interest, Relaxation, and Stress. To validate the emotional state score generated by the EEG headset, we created a regression model using those six parameters to estimate the valence and arousal level, and compare them to values reported by OASIS. The results show the significance of the Engagement parameter in predicting the valence level in the Objects category and the significance of the Excitement parameter in the Scenes category. With the emergence of personal EEG headsets, understanding the emotional reaction in different contexts will help in various fields such as urban design, digital art, and neuromarketing. In architecture, the findings can enable designers to generate more dynamic and responsive design solutions informed by users’ emotions.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2024/02/16 13:24

_id	caadria2022_177
id	caadria2022_177
authors	Pan, Yongjie and Zhang, Tong
year	2022
title	Outdoor Thermal Environment Assessment of Existing Residential Areas Supported by UAV Thermal Infrared and 3D Reconstruction Technology
source	Jeroen van Ameijde, Nicole Gardner, Kyung Hoon Hyun, Dan Luo, Urvi Sheth (eds.), POST-CARBON - Proceedings of the 27th CAADRIA Conference, Sydney, 9-15 April 2022, pp. 729-738
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.2.729
summary	The underlying surface temperature is an effective evaluation index to study the urban micro-scale thermal environment. For surface temperature acquisition, the thermal infrared camera mounted on a unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) can reduce field work intensity, improve data collection efficiency, and ensure high accuracy at low cost. In order to convert the 2D thermal image into a more intuitive 3D thermal model, the UAV-based thermal infrared 3D reconstruction is adopted. The key element of thermal infrared 3D model reconstruction lies in the processing of thermal infrared images with low resolution and different temperature scales. In order to improve the quality of the final thermal 3D model, this paper proposes the reconstruction of the detailed 3D mesh using visible images (higher resolution), and map then mapping thermal textures onto the mesh using thermal images (low resolution). In addition, absolute temperature values are extracted from thermal images with different temperature ranges to ensure consistence between color and temperature values in the reconstructed thermal 3D model. The thermal 3D model generated for an existing residential area in Nanjing successfully displays the temperature distribution of the underlying surface and provides a valuable basis for outdoor thermal environment assessment.
keywords	Thermal image, UAV, 3D reconstruction, Residential outdoor space, Underlying surface temperature, SDG 3, SDG 11
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/07/22 07:34

_id	caadria2022_497
id	caadria2022_497
authors	Varinlioglu, Guzden, Vaez Afshar, Sepehr, Eshaghi, Sarvin, Balaban, Ozgun and Nagakura, Takehiko
year	2022
title	GIS-Based Educational Game Through Low-Cost Virtual Tour Experience- Khan Game
source	Jeroen van Ameijde, Nicole Gardner, Kyung Hoon Hyun, Dan Luo, Urvi Sheth (eds.), POST-CARBON - Proceedings of the 27th CAADRIA Conference, Sydney, 9-15 April 2022, pp. 69-78
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.1.069
summary	The pandemic brought new norms and techniques of pedagogical strategies in formal education. The synchronous/ asynchronous video streaming brought an emphasis on virtual and augmented realities, which are rapidly replacing textbooks as the main medium for learning and teaching. This transformation requires more extensive online and interactive content with simpler user interfaces. The aim of this study is to report on the design, implementation, and testing of a game based on low-cost and user-friendly content for digital cultural heritage. In this project, a game aimed at inclusive and equitable education was developed using 360 images of the targeted architectural heritage geographically distributed in a pilot site. We promote lifelong learning opportunities for all, following the SDG4, aiming for quality education with the easy-to-use online platform and easy access to immersive education through mobile platforms. Towards a post-carbon future without the need for travel, computational design methods such as using 360 videos and images in combination with virtual reality (VR) headsets allow a low-cost approach to remotely experiencing cultural heritage. We propose developing and testing a GIS-based educational game using a low-cost 360 virtual tour of architectural heritage, more specifically, caravanserais of Anatolia.0864108000
keywords	digital heritage, 360 images, educational games, caravanserais, SDG 4
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/07/22 07:34

_id	cdrf2022_499
id	cdrf2022_499
authors	Yuxuan Wang, Yuran Liu, Riley Studebaker, Billie Faircloth, and Robert Stuart-Smith
year	2022
title	Ceramic Incremental Forming–A Rapid Mold-Less Forming Method of Variable Surfaces
source	Proceedings of the 2022 DigitalFUTURES The 4st International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2022)
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8637-6_43
summary	Following architectural practice’s widespread adoption of 3D modelling software, the digital design of free-form surfaces has enabled more heterogeneously organized architectural assemblies. However, fabricating envelope components with double-curved surface geometry have remained a challenge, involving significant machine time and material waste, and great expense to produce. This proof-of-concept project proposes a rapid, low-cost, and minimal-waste approach to forming double curved ceramic components through a novel approach to Ceramic Incremental Forming (CIF), using a 6-axis industrial robot, a passive flexible mold, and a custom ball-rolling tool. The approach is comparable to Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) that is used for forming complex shapes with metal sheets. This method promises to achieve high-quality, ceramic building envelope components, while eliminating the need to build proprietary molds for each shape and reducing the waste in the forming process. Compared with other architectural mold-less forming methods such as clay 3D printing, the approach is more time and material efficient, while being able to achieve similar levels of complexity. Thus, CIF may offer potential for further development and industrial applications.
series	cdrf
email
last changed	2024/05/29 14:03

_id	ecaade2022_264
id	ecaade2022_264
authors	Sanatani, Rohit Priyadarshi
year	2022
title	Democratizing Urban Data - A smartphone-based framework for rapid cataloging of geolocated street-level imagery and visual content analysis
source	Pak, B, Wurzer, G and Stouffs, R (eds.), Co-creating the Future: Inclusion in and through Design - Proceedings of the 40th Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2022) - Volume 1, Ghent, 13-16 September 2022, pp. 511–516
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2022.1.511
summary	The commercial availability of high-resolution street view imagery, most notably Google Street View, has led to its widespread use in urban analytics research over the past couple of years. Recent developments in computer vision, most notably semantic segmentation and object detection, have made it possible to extract and map the visual features of streetscapes (such as buildings, automobiles, green cover, pedestrians etc.) using geo-located street level photographs. However, the absence of such detailed imagery in many parts of the world stands as a significant deterrent to these research methodologies. A majority of countries in Africa, the Middle East, as well as some parts of Asia currently have limited coverage by street view image providers. The cost component and equipment involved in manual data collection stands as a barrier to accessible urban visual data. This paper demonstrates a quick and inexpensive smartphone-based framework for rapid and inexpensive collection and cataloging of geolocated street-level imagery. The user walks/drives down the streets to be mapped with a smartphone, as a first-person egocentric hyper-lapse video is recorded with a fixed frame interval, along with location information for the path taken. The video frames are then automatically extracted, geo-referenced and stored in a readily retrievable format. This data can then easily be used for urban feature extraction through computer vision workflows. For demonstration, imagery has been cataloged for a ~1.5 sq.km urban area in New Delhi, and then processed through a semantic segmentation workflow for visual feature mapping. It is hoped that this framework plays a role in democratizing access to street level data for students and researchers regardless of national boundaries.
keywords	Street View Imagery, Democratizing Data, Hyperlapse Photography, Smartphone, Urban Analytics
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/04/22 07:10

_id	caadria2022_519
id	caadria2022_519
authors	Vaidhyanathan, Vishal and Raja, Twisha
year	2022
title	(e)mulate AEC: A Gestural Pedagogy and Cloud-based Collaborative Management Paradigm for On-site Robotics in Construction
source	Jeroen van Ameijde, Nicole Gardner, Kyung Hoon Hyun, Dan Luo, Urvi Sheth (eds.), POST-CARBON - Proceedings of the 27th CAADRIA Conference, Sydney, 9-15 April 2022, pp. 51-60
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.2.051
summary	With about $10 trillion in annual revenue ‚ contributing to almost 6% of the global GDP, construction is one of the largest industries. However, with "Industry 4.0‚ causing paradigm shifts in other industries, construction has failed to be as efficient and technologically fluent. There have been issues of deteriorating labour productivity. This calls for on-site technological task automation to increase efficiency and abate workforce requirements. Robots in construction can be a great way to expedite and automate this process, as robotic construction is much more efficient in terms of operation and cost. They can complement and augment conventional construction methods and craft-based fabrication with a high level of efficiency. Robots in construction are being increasingly and ubiquitously used in large scale construction sites for performing several, different tasks in tandem, with humans. Programming these robots to perform specific tasks, however, is a highly skill demanding process, necessitating expertise in robotic coding and path planning. It is also impossible to robotically replicate specialized tasks with the same craftsmanship through conventional robot programming methods, as it is a mode of tacit knowledge transfer. Using several robots on-site for different tasks also calls for an efficient network and management system. This paper discusses a new paradigm of teaching industrial robots with natural gestures, and a cloud-based management system to synchronize all robots on-site. A prototype was built to teach simple toolpaths to robots of different scales using gestures. All taught toolpaths were synchronized to all robots through the cloud-based interface. Scalability of toolpaths between two different robots (ABB IRB6640 and ABB IRB120) after cloud synchronization was demonstrated. It was experimentally concluded that gestural robot programming with cloud-sync, enabled expedited teaching times, and no skill-gap in programming robotic tool paths.
keywords	Architectural Robotics, Gesture Based Programming, Human Computer Interaction, Cloud Computing, SDG 9
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/07/22 07:34

_id	caadria2022_267
id	caadria2022_267
authors	Toohey, Gabrielle, Nguyen, Tommy Bao Nghi, Vilppola, Ritva, Qiu, Waishan, Li, Wenjing and Luo, Dan
year	2022
title	Data-Driven Evaluation of Streets to Plan for Bicycle Friendly Environments: A Case Study of Brisbane Suburbs
source	Jeroen van Ameijde, Nicole Gardner, Kyung Hoon Hyun, Dan Luo, Urvi Sheth (eds.), POST-CARBON - Proceedings of the 27th CAADRIA Conference, Sydney, 9-15 April 2022, pp. 243-252
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.1.243
summary	Empirical cycling data from across the world illustrates the many barriers that car-dependent cities face when implementing cycling programs and infrastructure. Most studies focus on physical criteria, while perception criteria are less addressed. The correlations between the two are still largely unknown. This paper introduces a methodology that utilises computer vision analysis techniques to evaluate 15,383 Google Street View Images (SVI) of Brisbane City against both physical and perception cycling criteria. The study seeks to better understand correlations between the quality of a street environment and an urban area's 'bicycle-friendliness'. PSPNet Image Segmentation is utilised against SVIs to determine the percentage of an image corresponding with objects and the environment related to specific cycling factors. For physical criteria, these images are then further analysed by Masked RCNN processes. For perception criteria, subjective ranking of the images is undertaken using Machine Learning (ML) techniques to score images based on survey data. The methodology effectively allows for current findings in cycling research to be further utilised in combination via computer visioning (CV) and ML applications to measure different physical elements and urban design qualities that correspond with bicycle-friendliness. Such findings can assist targeted design strategies for cities to encourage the use of safer and more sustainable modes of transport.
keywords	Bicycle-friendly, Quality Streetscapes, Active Living, Visual Assessment, Computer Visioning, Machine Learning, SDG 3, SDG 11
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/07/22 07:34

_id	ecaade2022_285
id	ecaade2022_285
authors	Brasil, Alexander and Martinez, Andressa
year	2022
title	Potential for Social Housing Mass Customization in Brazil through the Integration between BIM and Algorithmic-Parametric Modeling
source	Pak, B, Wurzer, G and Stouffs, R (eds.), Co-creating the Future: Inclusion in and through Design - Proceedings of the 40th Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2022) - Volume 2, Ghent, 13-16 September 2022, pp. 347–356
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2022.2.347
summary	This paper presents a design system for low-cost production of mass customized housing units, in the context of the city of Teresina, in Piaui State, Brazil. The platform stands for the integration between Building Information Modeling (BIM) and algorithmic parametric modeling systems. The research aims to verify the potential of this integration to enable the mass customization of social housing during the design process through the automation of design solutions and real-time visualization of construction data, such as building schedule and estimation of the final cost. The results demonstrated that real-time manipulation and visualization of data related to construction, using specific algorithmic- parametric routines, is capable of aiding designers in developing a solution that matches specific demands with cost and scheduling estimation control in a short period of time.
keywords	Housing, Mass customization, Algorithmic-Parametric Modeling, BIM
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/04/22 07:10

_id	ecaade2022_169
id	ecaade2022_169
authors	Chen, Ting-Chia, Tsai, Tsung-Han, Huang, Ching-Wen and Wang, Shih-Yuan
year	2022
title	Compliant Mechanism Moulding via NiChrome Wire Sintering Method
source	Pak, B, Wurzer, G and Stouffs, R (eds.), Co-creating the Future: Inclusion in and through Design - Proceedings of the 40th Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2022) - Volume 1, Ghent, 13-16 September 2022, pp. 281–290
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2022.1.281
summary	This research proposed a unique process for the rapid manufacturing of large-scale compliant mechanism components. Using the characteristics of the NiChrome wire sintering method, it aims to rapidly fabricate a large-scale compliant mechanism model at low cost. NiChrome wire sintering is a method in which NiChrome wire is wound into a target pattern and then placed in a hot-melt material (TPU powder) to be energized and moulded. The low cost, high degree of freedom and one-piece characteristic of this new method bring new possibilities for the manufacturing process of compliant mechanism components. This research applies a new fabrication method to reduce the production cost and manufacturing difficulty of large kinetic installations. In benefitting from the non-mechanical wear characteristics of compliant mechanisms, the service life of manufactured installations can be greatly prolonged as well. The new fabrication method demonstrates an efficient way to produce a large scale of kinetic structure and provides a toolkit for designers.
keywords	Nichrome Wire Sintering, Rapid Prototyping, Elastic Material, Digital Fabrication, Compliant Mechanism
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/04/22 07:10

_id	ecaade2022_378
id	ecaade2022_378
authors	Dokonal, Wolfgang, Mosler, Pascal, Gehring, Maximilian and Rüppel, Uwe
year	2022
title	On the Road towards? - Developing a toolset for a low-cost VR-enhanced design approach
source	Pak, B, Wurzer, G and Stouffs, R (eds.), Co-creating the Future: Inclusion in and through Design - Proceedings of the 40th Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2022) - Volume 1, Ghent, 13-16 September 2022, pp. 163–169
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2022.1.163
summary	For several years, we have been experimenting with Head Mounted Displays (HMD) being used as Virtual Reality (VR) interfaces. We tried to develop easy to use workflows for these devices so that they can be integrated into the architectural design process. Additionally, we were able to upgrade those systems with sensor boxes and designed new systems for movement control, collision detection, and additional effects for an increased feeling of immersion. Our systems focused on the use of the ultra-low-cost HMD devices and the intention was to clarify how much benefit within the design process we can achieve already at an early design phase in using this workflow without having extremely detailed models available. We experienced with our students in the past that the change from analogue design methods towards software-supported design reduced their understanding of space and scale and was therefore a negative factor in the design process. In this paper, we will focus on scripts for the game engine Unity with new functionalities that we tested with the students in two workshops.
keywords	Sense of Space, Virtual Reality, Unity Toolset
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/04/22 07:10

_id	cdrf2022_514
id	cdrf2022_514
authors	Jiaxiang Luo, Tianyi Gao, and Philip F. Yuan
year	2022
title	Fabrication of Reinforced 3D Concrete Printing Formwork
source	Proceedings of the 2022 DigitalFUTURES The 4st International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2022)
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8637-6_44
summary	In recent years, the emerging 3D printing concrete technology has been proved to be an effective and intelligent strategy compared with conventional casting concrete construction. Due to the principle of additive manufacturing strategy, this concrete extrusion technique creates great opportunities for designing freeform geometries for surface decoration since this material has a promising performance of high compressive strength, low deformation, and excellent durability. However, the structure behavior is usually questioned, defined by the thickness and printing path. At the same time, the experiments for using 3D printing elements for structural and functional parts are still insufficient. Little investigation has been made into developing reinforcement strategies compatible with 3D printing concrete. In fact, conventional formwork and easy-to-install reinforcement support structures have various advantages in terms of labor costs but can hardly be reused. Thus, using 3D concrete printing as formwork for projects in different scales is an effective solution in the mass customized prefabrication era. Considering large-scale projects, the demand to provide concrete formwork with a proper reinforcement strategy for better toughness, flexibility, and strength is necessary. In this paper, we proposed different off-site reinforced 3D printing concrete strategies and evaluated them from time and material cost, deviation, and accessibility of fabrication.
series	cdrf
email
last changed	2024/05/29 14:03

_id	ecaade2022_324
id	ecaade2022_324
authors	Lin, Yu-Ting and Hsu, Pei-Hsien
year	2022
title	Dynamic Inflatable Structures and Digital Fabrication Process
source	Pak, B, Wurzer, G and Stouffs, R (eds.), Co-creating the Future: Inclusion in and through Design - Proceedings of the 40th Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2022) - Volume 1, Ghent, 13-16 September 2022, pp. 311–320
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2022.1.311
summary	Inflatable structures made of flat film materials have an advantage of low cost, lightweight and rapid deployment, but the variation of their forms is relatively limited, and it is a challenge to produce pneumatic deformations. This paper proposes a designing and manufacturing process of inflatable structures which are made of flat film materials and are able to perform dynamic movements. The process includes steps in which a target 3D surface is produced through programmed 2D paths heat-sealed on flat films of different thickness, leading to a structure composed of air chambers. A parametric modelling procedure and associated principles are developed for the relationship between the forms of a flat-film-based inflatable structure and the heat sealing patterns on the film. A system of double-layer air chambers was designed to control the direction of bending movements. In addition, the form variation of a designed inflatable structure can be achieved by a parametric design process described in this paper.
keywords	Pneumatic Structural System, Inflatable Structure, Digital Fabrication, Design Tool, Kinetic Structure
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/04/22 07:10

_id	caadria2022_505
id	caadria2022_505
authors	Nanasca, James and Beebe, Aaron G.
year	2022
title	Dynamic Projection
source	Jeroen van Ameijde, Nicole Gardner, Kyung Hoon Hyun, Dan Luo, Urvi Sheth (eds.), POST-CARBON - Proceedings of the 27th CAADRIA Conference, Sydney, 9-15 April 2022, pp. 39-48
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.1.039
summary	Rarely are technologies of projection mapping (PM) and mixed reality (MR) used together with an architectural agenda. Dynamic Projection imagines the confluence of accessible PM and MR technologies and asks "How might we leverage the strengths of both technologies while obviating their weaknesses?‚ And then "How might this technology be of use in making architecture from within the Climate Movement?‚ First, we will examine the dormant potential of Projected MR by augmenting a physical model in an exhibition setting. The exhibition set-up deploys Unity and Vuforia to generate MR, and Mad Mapper to generate a projection mapped background space. Using this set-up reveals strengths in both technologies, which we can evaluate with a Cybernetically Enhanced Mixed Reality Framework. We can leverage this Projected MR as a suite of tools to make architecture a more active participant in the Climate Movement: for example, by augmenting buildings with statistics that could help reduce energy consumption or through the augmentation of the construction process, helping facilitate waste reduction through efficient construction. Our initial research is being expanded through development of a more versatile Projected MR platform with Dynamic Projection 02, in which we are utilizing better MR tools, more responsive PM tools, and an industrial robot to simulate various dynamic feedback systems. This expanded research design speculates on a 3-part exhibition that can respond with low latency via Projected MR controls during a public and private interactive experience.
keywords	Projection Mapping, Augmented Reality, Projected Augmented Reality, Cybernetics, Mixed Reality, Responsible Consumption and Production, Climate Action, SDG 12, SDG 13
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/07/22 07:34

_id	caadria2022_215
id	caadria2022_215
authors	Settimi, Andrea, Vestartas, Petras, Gamerro, Julien and Weinand, Yves
year	2022
title	Cockroach: an Open-source Tool for Point Cloud Processing in CAD
source	Jeroen van Ameijde, Nicole Gardner, Kyung Hoon Hyun, Dan Luo, Urvi Sheth (eds.), POST-CARBON - Proceedings of the 27th CAADRIA Conference, Sydney, 9-15 April 2022, pp. 325-334
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.2.325
summary	In the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) sector, the use of point cloud data is not a novelty. Usually employed to retrieve data for inspecting construction sites or retrofitting pre-existing buildings, sensors like LiDAR cameras have been known to practitioners such as architects and engineers for a while now. In recent years, the growing interest in 3D data acquisition for autonomous vehicles, robotic and extended reality (XR) applications has brought to the market new compact, performant, and more accessible hardware leveraging different technologies able to provide low-cost sensing systems. Nevertheless, point clouds obtained from such sensors must be processed to extract valuable data for any design or fabrication application. Unfortunately, most advanced point cloud processing tools are written in low-level languages and are hardly accessible to the average designer or maker. Therefore, we present Cockroach: a link between computer-aided design (CAD) modeling software and low-level point cloud processing libraries. The main objective is an adaptation to C# .NET via Grasshopper visual scripting interface and C++ single-line commands in native Rhinoceros workspaces. Cockroach has proved to be a handy design tool in integrating building components with unpredictable geometries such as raw wood or mineral scraps into new design and industrial fabrication processes.
keywords	Computer-vision, Point-clouds, Data-processing, 3D modeling, CAD interface, Open-source tools, Quality education, Industry innovation and infrastructure, SDG 9
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/07/22 07:34

_id	caadria2022_431
id	caadria2022_431
authors	Sun, Ke Nan, Lo, Tian Tian, Guo, Xiangmin and Wu, Jinxuan
year	2022
title	Digital Construction of Bamboo Architecture Based on Multi-Technology Cooperation: Constructing a New Parameterized Digital Construction Workflow of Bamboo Architecture From Traditional Bamboo Construction Technology
source	Jeroen van Ameijde, Nicole Gardner, Kyung Hoon Hyun, Dan Luo, Urvi Sheth (eds.), POST-CARBON - Proceedings of the 27th CAADRIA Conference, Sydney, 9-15 April 2022, pp. 223-232
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.2.223
summary	Limited by the non-standard nature of bamboo, bamboo has always been regarded as a traditional, restrictive, and time-consuming building material. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an enhanced parametric design system and digital construction workflow to upgrade the traditional bamboo construction process. In this paper, through the analysis of the bamboo pavilion "Diecui†Gallery" under the traditional construction method, five main factors restricting the development of bamboo architecture are obtained: difficult positioning of supporting structure, low efficiency of material selection and matching, the manual processing of materials, non-standard node and low utilization rate of non-standard waste materials. Then, through literature review, we proposed the technical means to improve these factors and put forward a multi-technology collaborative digital construction workflow. The workflow will comprise augmented reality, 3D scanning, robot-aided construction, 3D printing, and design rules. Moreover, by building parametric benches, we used augmented reality technology and new design rules to verify multi-technology collaborative fabrication workflow possibilities and effectiveness. This paper wants to explore a parametric design method based on bamboo material characteristics and multi-technology collaborative workflow, to improve the utilization rate of non-standard bamboo components in parametric design.
keywords	Bamboo Material, Multi-technology Collaboration, Parametric Design System, Augmented Reality, Digital Construction Method, SDG 11
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/07/22 07:34

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