Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	ijac202220216
id	ijac202220216
authors	Keyvanfar, Ali; Arezou Shafaghat; Muhamad SF Rosley
year	2022
title	Performance comparison analysis of 3D reconstruction modeling software in construction site visualization and mapping
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing 2022, Vol. 20 - no. 2, pp. 453–475
summary	Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology has overcome the limitations of conventional construction management methods using advanced and automated visualization and 3D reconstruction modeling techniques. Although the mapping techniques and reconstruction modeling software can generate real-time and high-resolution descriptive textural, physical, and spatial data, they may fail to develop an accurate and complete 3D model of the construction site. To generate a quality 3D reconstruction model, the construction manager must optimize the trade-offs among three major software-selection factors: functionalities, technical capabilities, and the system hardware specifications. These factors directly affect the robust 3D reconstruction model of the construction site and objects. Accordingly, the purpose of this research was to apply nine well-established 3D reconstruction modeling software tools (DroneDeploy, COLMAP, 3DF+Zephyr, Autodesk Recap, LiMapper, PhotoModeler, 3D Survey, AgiSoft Photoscan, and Pix4D Mapper) and compare their performances and reliabilities in generating complete 3D models. The research was conducted in an eco-home building at the University of Technology, Malaysia. A series of regression analyses were conducted to compare the performances of the selected 3D reconstruction modeling software in alignment and registration, distance computing, geometric measurement, and plugin execution. Regression analysis determined that among the software programs, LiMapper had the strongest positive linear correlation with the ground truth model. Furthermore, the correlation analysis showed a statistically significant p-value for all software, except for 3D Survey. In addition, the research found that Autodesk Recap generated the most-robust and highest-quality dense point clouds. DroneDeploy can create an accurate point cloud and triangulation without using many points as required by COLMAP and LiMapper. It was concluded that most of the software is robustly, positively, and linearly correlated with the corresponding ground truth model. In the future, other factors involving software selection should be studied, such as vendor-related, user-related, and automation factors.
keywords	Construction site visualization, unmanned aerial vehicle, photogrammetry, 3D reconstruction modeling, multi-view-stereopsis, structure-from-motion, ANOVA and regression analysis
series	journal
last changed	2024/04/17 14:29

_id	caadria2022_405
id	caadria2022_405
authors	Onishi, Ryo, Fukuda, Tomohiro and Yabuki, Nobuyoshi
year	2022
title	A Remote Sharing Method of 3D Physical Objects Using Instance-Segmented Real-Time 3D Point Cloud for Design Meeting
source	Jeroen van Ameijde, Nicole Gardner, Kyung Hoon Hyun, Dan Luo, Urvi Sheth (eds.), POST-CARBON - Proceedings of the 27th CAADRIA Conference, Sydney, 9-15 April 2022, pp. 395-404
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.2.395
summary	In the field of architecture and urban design, physical models are used in design meetings. Furthermore, teleconferencing via the internet has begun to be widely used in society due to COVID-19 and in preparation for disasters. Although conventional web conferencing can share only 2D information through screens, it is expected that interactive screen sharing of physical objects will enable smoother remote conferencing. A system that can manipulate point clouds in clusters by dividing real-time point clouds captured from 3D real objects by distance has been reported as a way to share physical objects. However, because the point clouds are divided by distance between the two clusters when the point clouds get closer than some threshold, they become treated as a single object. In this study, we aim to develop a system that uses instance segmentation to divide point clouds by region rather than by distance between objects. This system is expected to contribute to the realisation of better architectural and urban design processes without any misunderstandings among the parties involved and to the reduction of unnecessary energy consumption due to travel for face-to-face meetings.
keywords	remote meeting, fast point cloud, instance segmentation, three-dimensional remote sharing, mixed reality, SDG 11, SDG 13
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/07/22 07:34

_id	ecaade2022_105
id	ecaade2022_105
authors	Trento, Armando, Fioravanti, Antonio, Kieferle, Joachim and Woessner, Uwe
year	2022
title	Bridging Cultural Heritage Ontologies in VR Environment - A framework for querying and reasoning on the Temple of Venus and Rome restoration and documentation
source	Pak, B, Wurzer, G and Stouffs, R (eds.), Co-creating the Future: Inclusion in and through Design - Proceedings of the 40th Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2022) - Volume 2, Ghent, 13-16 September 2022, pp. 177–186
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2022.2.177
summary	VR applied to Architectural and Archaeological Heritage has a long history: Digital models in this field are evolving from an aesthetic simulation of reality, or, rather, a representation of the visual perception, to a more complex model: an information aggregation core. The investigation presents a research panel oriented to enhance the digital survey products - point clouds, meshes, 3D models -to be used as an intelligent visual archive assigning structured knowledge contents to artefacts’ geometry. The implemented case regards the Temple of Venus and Rome. Research, in progress, has been developed by the following steps: 1) Subdividing the artefact geometry into sub- regions; 2) Developing the consolidation ontology for a few restoration classes; 3) Assigning (manually) to each artefact subcomponent, namely a mesh sub-region, a “smart label” including a link to its consolidation ontology instance. The aim is to combine the potential of VR visualization with ontology reasoning systems.
keywords	VR, Archaeological Heritage, Knowledge-based Design Systems, Restoration Ontologies
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/04/22 07:10

_id	caadria2022_231
id	caadria2022_231
authors	Kim, Frederick Chando and Huang, Jeffrey
year	2022
title	Deep Architectural Archiving (DAA), Towards a Machine Understanding of Architectural Form
source	Jeroen van Ameijde, Nicole Gardner, Kyung Hoon Hyun, Dan Luo, Urvi Sheth (eds.), POST-CARBON - Proceedings of the 27th CAADRIA Conference, Sydney, 9-15 April 2022, pp. 727-736
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.1.727
summary	With the ‚digital turn‚, machines now have the intrinsic capacity to learn from big data in order to understand the intricacies of architectural form. This paper explores the research question: how can architectural form become machine computable? The research objective is to develop "Deep Architectural Archiving‚ (DAA), a new method devised to address this question. DAA consists of the combination of four distinct steps: (1) Data mining, (2) 3D Point cloud extraction, (3) Deep form learning, as well as (4) Form mapping and clustering. The paper discusses the DAA method using an extensive dataset of architecture competitions in Switzerland (with over 360+ architectural projects) as a case study resource. Machines learn the particularities of forms using 'architectural' point clouds as an opportune machine-learnable format. The result of this procedure is a multidimensional, spatialized, and machine-enabled clustering of forms that allows for the visualization of comparative relationships among form-correlated datasets that exceeds what the human eye can generally perceive. Such work is necessary to create a dedicated digital archive for enhancing the formal knowledge of architecture and enabling a better understanding of innovation, both of which provide architects a basis for developing effective architectural form in a post-carbon world.
keywords	artificial intelligence, deep learning, architectural form, architectural competitions, architectural archive, 3D dataset, SDG 11
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/07/22 07:34

_id	caadria2022_360
id	caadria2022_360
authors	McMeel, Dermott and Petrovic, Emina K.
year	2022
title	Architecture Value Change in Response to the Anthropocene: The Contribution of Digital Innovation
source	Jeroen van Ameijde, Nicole Gardner, Kyung Hoon Hyun, Dan Luo, Urvi Sheth (eds.), POST-CARBON - Proceedings of the 27th CAADRIA Conference, Sydney, 9-15 April 2022, pp. 415-424
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.2.415
summary	The confluence of different interests‚the Anthropocene, productivity, sustainability, economics‚calls for a need to re-think how the professions evaluate the built environment. There is a myriad of different strands of work under this umbrella which‚broadly‚point to a shift in the value framework for those people and professions who have agency in, and are responsible for, the creation of the built environment. This paper has two objectives. First, by drawing from the writing of architectural theorist Juhani Pallasmaa it teases out themes useful to conceptualise the value change. The goal is to delineate particular views around the creation of and our relation to the built environment. Second, it presents three projects: (1) tracking chemical composition of construction materials, (2) an app that encourages e-commerce in building multi-species environments, and (3) a concept for an economy in construction waste leveraging possibilities presented by blockchain technology. The aim is to shed light on how the emerging blockchain technology might alter values and organisational systems of the built environment in response to the Anthropocene and climate crisis.
keywords	Design, Anthropocene, Value Change, Blockchain, System Design, SDG 9, SDG 11, SDG 12
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/07/22 07:34

_id	caadria2022_215
id	caadria2022_215
authors	Settimi, Andrea, Vestartas, Petras, Gamerro, Julien and Weinand, Yves
year	2022
title	Cockroach: an Open-source Tool for Point Cloud Processing in CAD
source	Jeroen van Ameijde, Nicole Gardner, Kyung Hoon Hyun, Dan Luo, Urvi Sheth (eds.), POST-CARBON - Proceedings of the 27th CAADRIA Conference, Sydney, 9-15 April 2022, pp. 325-334
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.2.325
summary	In the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) sector, the use of point cloud data is not a novelty. Usually employed to retrieve data for inspecting construction sites or retrofitting pre-existing buildings, sensors like LiDAR cameras have been known to practitioners such as architects and engineers for a while now. In recent years, the growing interest in 3D data acquisition for autonomous vehicles, robotic and extended reality (XR) applications has brought to the market new compact, performant, and more accessible hardware leveraging different technologies able to provide low-cost sensing systems. Nevertheless, point clouds obtained from such sensors must be processed to extract valuable data for any design or fabrication application. Unfortunately, most advanced point cloud processing tools are written in low-level languages and are hardly accessible to the average designer or maker. Therefore, we present Cockroach: a link between computer-aided design (CAD) modeling software and low-level point cloud processing libraries. The main objective is an adaptation to C# .NET via Grasshopper visual scripting interface and C++ single-line commands in native Rhinoceros workspaces. Cockroach has proved to be a handy design tool in integrating building components with unpredictable geometries such as raw wood or mineral scraps into new design and industrial fabrication processes.
keywords	Computer-vision, Point-clouds, Data-processing, 3D modeling, CAD interface, Open-source tools, Quality education, Industry innovation and infrastructure, SDG 9
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/07/22 07:34

_id	cdrf2022_371
id	cdrf2022_371
authors	Viktória Sándor, Mathias Bank, Kristina Schinegger, and Stefan Rutzinger
year	2022
title	Collapsing Complexities: Encoding Multidimensional Architecture Models into Images
source	Proceedings of the 2022 DigitalFUTURES The 4st International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2022)
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8637-6_32
summary	The paper details a 3D to 2D encoding method, which can store complex digital 3D models of architecture within a single image. The proposed encoding works in combination with a point cloud notation and a sequential slicing operation where each slice of points is stored as a single row of pixels in the UV space of a 1024?×?1024 image. The performance of the notation system is compared between a StyleGan2 and existing image editing methods and evaluated through the production of new 3D models of houses with material attributes. The uncovered findings maintain the relatively high level of detail stored through the encoding while allowing for innovative ways of form-finding—producing new and unseen 3d models of architectural houses.
series	cdrf
email
last changed	2024/05/29 14:03

_id	ecaade2023_317
id	ecaade2023_317
authors	Zamani, Alireza, Mohseni, Alale and Bertug Çapunaman, Özgüç
year	2023
title	Reconfigurable Formwork System for Vision-Informed Conformal Robotic 3D Printing
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 387–396
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.387
summary	Robotic additive manufacturing has garnered significant research and development interest due to its transformative potential in architecture, engineering, and construction as a cost-effective, material-efficient, and energy-saving fabrication method. However, despite its potential, conventional approaches heavily depend on meticulously optimized work environments, as robotic arms possess limited information regarding their immediate surroundings (Bechthold, 2010; Bechthold & King, 2013). Furthermore, such approaches are often restricted to planar build surfaces and slicing algorithms due to computational and physical practicality, which consequently limits the feasibility of robotic solutions in scenarios involving complex geometries and materials. Building on previous work (Çapunaman et al., 2022), this research investigates conformal 3D printing of clay using a 6 degrees-of-freedom robot arm and a vision-based sensing framework on parametrically reconfigurable tensile hyperbolic paraboloid (hypar) formwork. In this paper, we present the implementation details of the formwork system, share findings from preliminary testing of the proposed workflow, and demonstrate application feasibility through a design exercise that aims to fabricate unique components for a poly-hypar surface structure. The formwork system also offers parametric control over generating complex, non-planar tensile surfaces to be printed on. Within the scope of this workflow, the vision-based sensing framework is employed to generate a digital twin informing iterative tuning of the formwork geometry and conformal toolpath planning on scanned geometries. Additionally, we utilized the augmented fabrication framework to observe and analyze deformations in the printed clay body that occurs during air drying. The proposed workflow, in conjunction with the vision-based sensing framework and the reconfigurable formwork, aims to minimize time and material waste in custom formwork fabrication and printing support materials for complex geometric panels and shell structures.
keywords	Robotic Fabrication, Conformal 3D Printing, Additive Manufacturing, Computer-Vision, Reconfigurable Formwork
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2022_154
id	ecaade2022_154
authors	Ferretti, Maddalena, Di Leo, Benedetta, Quattrini, Ramona and Vasic, Iva
year	2022
title	Creativity and Digital Transition in Central Apennine - Innovative design methods and digital technologies as interactive tools to enable heritage regeneration and community engagement
source	Pak, B, Wurzer, G and Stouffs, R (eds.), Co-creating the Future: Inclusion in and through Design - Proceedings of the 40th Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2022) - Volume 2, Ghent, 13-16 September 2022, pp. 187–196
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2022.2.187
summary	This contribution proposes strategies of reactivation of the central Apennine of Marche Region in Italy through creative design methods and virtual technologies. The research activities are connected to two related PhD projects: one focusing on architectural and urban design, the other one on heritage digitalization and new technologies and to other research activities of our interdisciplinary team. Cagli, a small town of 8.000 inhabitants, is currently undergoing socio-economic transformations that need to be addressed strategically with a cultural and spatial perspective. The research explores regenerative solutions and local development strategies to enhance the city and its cultural landscape. Participatory processes aided by digital tools and innovative design methods are tested in Cagli’s living lab. The final output of the overall research is a “Reactive Map” combining a trans-scalar and multidisciplinary territorial analysis with visions to identify “potential spaces”. The map is a design tool to define a shared strategy of enhancement of the city and its heritage. With this paper we present one of the methodological steps of the research, a WEB-APP built upon a point clouds database and assessed through a preliminary user test. The highly descriptive 3D environment is able to collect analysis and to be enriched in a participatory way during planned activities of co-thinking. The 3D environment, improved with interviews, plans, historical pictures and other media contents, is also paired with a virtual tour to offer a different representation of the “potential spaces”. The fully boosting 3D digital technology thus represents a viable and effective solution to involve citizens and an innovative and interdisciplinary tool for knowledge advancement in the fields of architectural and urban design and heritage regeneration.
keywords	Tangible and Intangible Heritage, Co-Thinking, Trans-Scalar Approach, Narrative, Point Clouds Exploitation, Interactive Annotation, Virtual Reality
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/04/22 07:10

_id	ijac202220215
id	ijac202220215
authors	Gámez Bohórquez, Oscar; William Derigent; Hind Bril El-Haouzi
year	2022
title	Parametric point-cloud slicing for facade retrofitting
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing 2022, Vol. 20 - no. 2, pp. 434–452
summary	This work presents a method for retrieving 3D building contours usable in facade retrofitting projects, which uses a parametric modeling workflow that utilizes a point-cloud slicing method to retrieve such 3D contours. Since current commitments by European governments seek to reduce energy consumption as a means to reduce carbon emissions from building stock by 2050, facade retrofitting appears as an alternative for addressing operational and embedded building emissions. Within such a context, the main contribution of this work consists of a workflow and a 3D reconstruction solution that uses a parametric environment for capturing building topology and bypassing ground-level occlusions. A real case study and a strategy for converting 3D building contours into Industry Foundation Classes entities, directly from the parametric modeling environment, served as a scenario for testing the capabilities of a Grasshopper solution and open new perspectives for this approach.
keywords	Facade retrofitting, scan to building information modeling, parametric modeling, terrestrial laser scanning, building lifecycle
series	journal
last changed	2024/04/17 14:29

_id	caadria2022_100
id	caadria2022_100
authors	Oghazian, Farzaneh, Brown, Nathan and Davis, Felecia
year	2022
title	Calibrating a Formfinding Algorithm for Simulation of Tensioned Knitted Textile Architectural Models
source	Jeroen van Ameijde, Nicole Gardner, Kyung Hoon Hyun, Dan Luo, Urvi Sheth (eds.), POST-CARBON - Proceedings of the 27th CAADRIA Conference, Sydney, 9-15 April 2022, pp. 111-120
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.1.111
summary	This paper presents an optimization-based calibration process for tuning a digital formfinding algorithm used with knitted textile materials in architectural tension structures. 3D scanning and computational optimization are employed to accurately approximate a physical model in a digital workflow that can be used to establish model settings for future exploration within a knit geometric typology. Several aspects of the process are investigated, including different optimization algorithms and various approaches to data extraction. The goal is to determine the appropriate optimization method and data extraction, as well as automate the process of adjusting formfinding settings related to the length of the meshes associated with the knitted textile behavior. The calibration process comprises three steps: extract data from a 3D scanned model; determine the bounds of formfinding settings; and define optimization variables, constraints, and objectives to run the optimization process. Knitted textiles made of natural yarns are organic materials and when used at the industrial level can satisfy DSG 9 factors to promote sustainable industrialization and foster innovation in building construction through developing sustainable architectural systems. The main contributions of this paper are calibrated digital models of knitted materials and a comparison of the most effective algorithms and model settings, which are a starting point to apply this process to a wider range of knit geometries. These models enhance the implementation and further development of novel architectural knitted systems.
keywords	Tensioned Knitted Textiles, Computational Design, Formfinding, Calibrating, Optimization, SDG 9
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/07/22 07:34

_id	sigradi2022_30
id	sigradi2022_30
authors	Song, Yang; Koeck, Richard; Agkathidis, Asterios
year	2022
title	Augmented Bricklayer: an augmented human-robot collaboration method for the robotic assembly of masonry structures
source	Herrera, PC, Dreifuss-Serrano, C, Gómez, P, Arris-Calderon, LF, Critical Appropriations - Proceedings of the XXVI Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2022), Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, 7-11 November 2022 , pp. 713–724
summary	The Augmented Bricklayer research project proposes a new augmented human-robot collaboration method for the robotic assembly of masonry structures. It aims to resolve the conventional limitations of the robotic bricklaying process by incorporating object recognition and Augmented Reality (AR) technologies. Towards this aim, we present a human-robot collaboration method consisting of two phases: a) the object recognition phase, in which bricks are recognized by a point cloud scanning sensor and analyzed by our calibration system as a feeding object for the robotic gripper to pick; b) the augmented human-robot collaboration phase, in which the masonry adhesive is being applied manually assisted by AR holographic guidance and gets assembled by an AR-assisted robotic operation method. The validation of our method is achieved with the robotic assembly of two real-scale building elements, a masonry column and a wall. Our findings highlight a more flexible, efficient, and convenient AR-assisted human-robot collaboration bricklaying method capable of dealing with complex on-site construction requirements.
keywords	Mixed Realities (Augmented Reality), Object Recognition, Human-robot Collaboration, Robotic Assembly, Masonry Structures
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2023/05/16 16:56

_id	ecaade2022_223
id	ecaade2022_223
authors	Tuzun Canadinc, Seda and Yan, Wei
year	2022
title	3D-Model-Based Augmented Reality for Enhancing Physical Architectural Models
source	Pak, B, Wurzer, G and Stouffs, R (eds.), Co-creating the Future: Inclusion in and through Design - Proceedings of the 40th Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2022) - Volume 2, Ghent, 13-16 September 2022, pp. 495–504
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2022.2.495
summary	In the presentation of architectural projects, physical models are still commonly used as a powerful and effective representation for building design and construction. On the other hand, Augmented Reality (AR) promises a wide range of possibilities in visualizing and interacting with 3D physical models, enhancing the modeling process. To benefit both, we present a novel medium for architectural representation: a marker-less AR powered physical architectural model that employs dynamic digital features. With AR enhancement, physical capabilities of a model could be extended without sacrificing its tangibility. We developed a framework to investigate the potential uses of 3D-model- based AR registration method and its augmentation on physical architectural models. To explore and demonstrate integration of physical and virtual models in AR, we designed this framework providing physical and virtual model interaction: a user can manipulate the physical model parts or control the visibility and dynamics of the virtual parts in AR. The framework consists of a LEGO model and an AR application on a hand-held device which was developed for this framework. The AR application utilizes a marker-less AR registration method and employs a 3D-model-based AR registration. A LEGO model was proposed as the physical 3D model in this registration process and machine learning training using Vuforia was utilized for the AR application to recognize the LEGO model from any point of view to register the virtual models in AR. The AR application also employs a user interface that allows user interaction with the virtual parts augmented on the physical ones. The working application was tested over its registration, physical and virtual interactions. Overall, the adoption of AR and its combination with physical models, and 3D-model-based AR registration allow for many advantages, which are discussed in the paper.
keywords	Augmented Reality, AR, 3D-model based AR, Architectural Representation, Architectural Modeling
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/04/22 07:10

_id	cdrf2022_52
id	cdrf2022_52
authors	Yixuan Zeng, Qiaoming Deng, and Yubo Liu
title	Research on the Spatial Layout Design of University Educational Buildings Based on Rule Screening and Multi-agent System
source	Proceedings of the 2022 DigitalFUTURES The 4st International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2022)
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8637-6_5
summary	Unlike traditional empiricism-based building design, the data-oriented quantitative analysis method is more rigorous and intuitive, taking into account a variety of factors such as site conditions, functional requirements and design specifications, and combining computer technology to propose a more rational and efficient design strategy. This study takes the design logic process and algorithm rule screening as the entry point to explore the design method of using multi-agent body algorithm planning to realize the spatial layout of university education buildings. Based on multi-agent algorithms, spatially rich and morphologically complex architectural solutions can be quickly generated, and new designs with generality and universality can be produced by changing the initial shape and syntax rules. The authors attempt to design a program based on a multi-agent body system, where architects only need to set initial parameters to quickly construct a variety of initial volume solutions, offering a wide range of possibilities for initial design.
email
last changed	2024/05/29 14:02

_id	cdrf2022_499
id	cdrf2022_499
authors	Yuxuan Wang, Yuran Liu, Riley Studebaker, Billie Faircloth, and Robert Stuart-Smith
year	2022
title	Ceramic Incremental Forming–A Rapid Mold-Less Forming Method of Variable Surfaces
source	Proceedings of the 2022 DigitalFUTURES The 4st International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2022)
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8637-6_43
summary	Following architectural practice’s widespread adoption of 3D modelling software, the digital design of free-form surfaces has enabled more heterogeneously organized architectural assemblies. However, fabricating envelope components with double-curved surface geometry have remained a challenge, involving significant machine time and material waste, and great expense to produce. This proof-of-concept project proposes a rapid, low-cost, and minimal-waste approach to forming double curved ceramic components through a novel approach to Ceramic Incremental Forming (CIF), using a 6-axis industrial robot, a passive flexible mold, and a custom ball-rolling tool. The approach is comparable to Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) that is used for forming complex shapes with metal sheets. This method promises to achieve high-quality, ceramic building envelope components, while eliminating the need to build proprietary molds for each shape and reducing the waste in the forming process. Compared with other architectural mold-less forming methods such as clay 3D printing, the approach is more time and material efficient, while being able to achieve similar levels of complexity. Thus, CIF may offer potential for further development and industrial applications.
series	cdrf
email
last changed	2024/05/29 14:03

_id	ecaade2022_293
id	ecaade2022_293
authors	Sommer, Til, Wurzer, Gabriel and Lorenz, Wolfgang E.
year	2022
title	NoMoTown - An agent-based model of transport mode choice
source	Pak, B, Wurzer, G and Stouffs, R (eds.), Co-creating the Future: Inclusion in and through Design - Proceedings of the 40th Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2022) - Volume 2, Ghent, 13-16 September 2022, pp. 133–140
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2022.2.133
summary	In most cities, cars remain the dominant mode of transport. This is a huge problem not only because of obvious effects such as congestion and pollution, but also because it causes health issues for commuters themselves which lead to further costs for the community. In our work, we have developed an agent-based simulation which offers mitigation strategies and tries to propose realistic lines of action for transport modes to more sustainable modes. Our approach can import from GIS or (raster) maps, thus acting as a planning tool for urban planners and city administrators; we also included the possibility for generating theoretical / idealized cities, as a testbed and theoretical tool for instructing policy makers. Our goal is to find an equilibrium between individual freedom in transport choice, financial effort required for maintaining the overall transport system and the health of the whole population.
keywords	Agent-Based Simulation, Urban Dynamics, Multimodal Transport, Sustainability
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/04/22 07:10

_id	ascaad2022_018
id	ascaad2022_018
authors	Song, Yang; Agkathidis, Asterios; Koeck, Richard
year	2022
title	Augmented Masonry Design: A Design Method using Augmented Reality (AR) for Customized Bricklaying Design Algorithms
source	Hybrid Spaces of the Metaverse - Architecture in the Age of the Metaverse: Opportunities and Potentials [10th ASCAAD Conference Proceedings] Debbieh (Lebanon) [Virtual Conference] 12-13 October 2022, pp. 703-712
summary	The Augmented Masonry Design project presents experimental research about developing and applying Augmented Reality (AR) technology for customized design algorithms, exploring a real-time, interactive, and spatial-free design method for the early architectural design stage. We aim to resolve the current 2D-based design limitations and provide architects with a 3D-4D immersive perception in AR for a practical and easy-to-use design method. Furthermore, with reference to the Covid-19 pandemic, we propose that this method could break through site accessibility and constraints by breaking the barriers of physical space. Towards this aim, we apply the Augmented Masonry Design into two prototypes: a) user interface (UI) immersive design, in which interactive inputs will communicate with design algorithms in AR through the inputs from the screen-based UI on mobile devices (e.g., smartphones and tablets); b) intuitive interaction immersive design, in which interactive inputs will be translated to design algorithms directly in AR through hand gestures on head-mounted devices (HMD) (e.g., Microsoft HoloLens). Our Findings highlight the advantages of immersive design in the initial stage of architectural drafts, which gives designers better spatial understanding and design creativity, as well as the challenges arising from the limitations of current AR devices and the lack of real physical simulation in the design system.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2024/02/16 13:24

_id	caadria2022_33
id	caadria2022_33
authors	Alva, Pradeep, Mosteiro-Romero, Martin, Miller, Clayton and Stouffs, Rudi
year	2022
title	Digital Twin-Based Resilience Evaluation of District-Scale Archetypes
source	Jeroen van Ameijde, Nicole Gardner, Kyung Hoon Hyun, Dan Luo, Urvi Sheth (eds.), POST-CARBON - Proceedings of the 27th CAADRIA Conference, Sydney, 9-15 April 2022, pp. 525-534
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.1.525
summary	District-scale energy demand models can be powerful tools for understanding interactions in complex urban areas and optimising energy systems in new developments. The process of coupling characteristics of urban environments with simulation software to achieve accurate results is nascent. We developed a digital twin through a web map application for a 170ha district-scale university campus as a pilot. The impact on the built environment is simulated with pandemic (COVID-19) and climate change scenarios. The former can be observed through varying occupancy rates and average cooling loads in the buildings during the lockdown period. The digital twin dashboard was built with visualisations of the 3D campus, real-time data from sensors, energy demand simulation results from the City Energy Analyst (CEA) tool, and occupancy rates from WiFi data. The ongoing work focuses on formulating a resilience assessment metric to measure the robustness of buildings to these disruptions. This district-scale digital twin demonstration can help in facilities management and planning applications. The results show that the digital twin approach can support decarbonising initiatives for cities.
keywords	Digital twin, City Information Modelling, Planning Support System, energy demand model, SGD 11, SGD 13
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/07/22 07:34

_id	ijac202220101
id	ijac202220101
authors	Bao, Ding Wen; Xin Yan, Yi Min Xie
year	2022
title	Encoding topological optimisation logical structure rules into multi-agent system for architectural design and robotic fabrication
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing 2022, Vol. 20 - no. 1, pp. 7–17
summary	Natural phenomena have been explored as a source of architectural and structural design inspiration with different approaches undertaken within architecture and engineering. The research proposes a connection between two dichotomous principles: architectural complexity and structural efficiency through a hybrid of natural phenomena, topology optimisation and generative design. Both Bi-directional Evolutionary Structural Optimisation (BESO) and multi-agent algorithms are emerging technologies developed into new approaches that transform architectural and structural design, respectively, from the logic of topology optimisation and swarm intelligence. This research aims to explore a structural behaviour feedback loop in designing intricate functional forms through encoding BESO logical structure rules into the multi-agent algorithm. This research intends to study and evaluate the application of topology optimisation and multi-agent system in form-finding and later robotic fabrication through a series of prototypes. It reveals a supposition that the structural behaviour-based design method matches the beauty and function of natural appearance and structure. Thus, a new exploration of architectural design and fabrication strategy is introduced, which benefits the collab- oration among architects, engineers and manufacturers. There is the potential to seek the ornamental complexities in architectural forms and the most efficient use of material based on structural performance in the process of generating complex geometry of the building and its various elements.
keywords	Swarm intelligence, multi-agent, bi-directional evolutionary structural optimisation (BESO), intricate architectural form, efficient structure
series	journal
last changed	2024/04/17 14:29

_id	cdrf2022_100
id	cdrf2022_100
authors	Natalie Alima
year	2022
title	InterspeciesForms
source	Proceedings of the 2022 DigitalFUTURES The 4st International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2022)
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8637-6_9
summary	InterspeciesForms hybridizes mycelia’s agency of growth with architectural de-sign intention in the generation of novel, crossbred designed outcomes. In order to establish a direct dialogue between architectural and mycelia agencies, robotic feedback systems are implemented to extract data from the physical and feed it in-to the digital realm. Initiating this cyclic feedback system, mycelia growth is scanned in order to computationally visualize its entangled network and agency. Based on the logic of stigmergy, computational agents trace around the organisms patterns of growth, forming entangled and complex networks. Through this unification of biological growth and computational agencies, non-indexical crossbred outcomes begin to emerge. Bringing this hybridized computational form back into the physical realm, form is 3D printed with a customized mixture of mycelium and agricultural waste. Once the geometry has been extruded, the robot, patiently waits for the mycelia to grow and react to the living extrusions. The architect then responds with a countermove by scanning this new growth and continuing the cyclic feedback system between nature-machine and architect. This procedure demonstrates form emerging in real time according to the co-creational design process and dialogue between architectural and mycelia agencies.
series	cdrf
email
last changed	2024/05/29 14:02

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