Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	ecaade2023_200
id	ecaade2023_200
authors	Faraj Al-Suwaidi, Mohammed, Agkathidis, Asterios, Haidar, Adonis and Lombardi, Davide
year	2023
title	Immersive Technologies in Architectural Education: A pedagogical framework for integrating virtual reality as the main design tool in a fully virtualised architectural design studio environment
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.089
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 89–98
summary	Given the increased accessibility and utilization of VR tools in architectural education, embracing a fully virtualised design process still remains taboo. The recent covid-19 pandemic has forced universities to fully adopt remote learning/teaching systems that showcased a disconnection between direct interaction, communication design methods and tools. Immersive tools like VR could play a unique role in closing that gap, allowing users to collaborate and design using avatars in the online virtual space. With this paper, we aim to examine the possibility of a fully virtualised, architectural design studio framework and explore its outcomes throughout the design process. It incorporates multiple digital 3D exercises deriving from manually-driven techniques including sketching and collage-making. We then test the framework for one semester within the Immersive Design and Collaboration Design Studio Unit, which runs in parallel to non- virtualised studio units, working on the same site and context. Our findings highlight the strengths and challenges of the implemented framework and its evaluation through student surveys and student portfolio submissions, to compare the student output developed in both the virtualised and non-virtualised design studio.
keywords	Design Studio, Virtual Reality, Architectural Education, Gravity Sketch, Meta Quest, Hybrid Learning, Digital Design, Remote Learning
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	caadria2023_70
id	caadria2023_70
authors	Al-Douri, Firas, Yan, Wei and Jahic, Edin
year	2023
title	Campusim: An Integrated Parametric BIM for Campus Design Simulation and Optimization
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.2.471
source	Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 471–480
summary	Although simulation models have been recently employed to model and examine pedestrian behavior in urban areas, comparable research has not been pursued in campus environments despite their importance as a critical area of inquiry. Those models' paucity and methodological limitations suggest investigating new research and design strategies to objectively assess and describe how the qualities of campus spaces and zones influence human behavior and, hence, predict the patterns of users' interaction and space usage. Those patterns and their impact on health have been pointed out as critical to the relationship among public space and quality of life due to Covid-19. There is an urgent need to develop decision support tools that would support interactive design processes and enhance the quality of open space design in terms of sense of space, place-making, and user interaction. To that goal, this study has proposed the integrated parametric BIM-based campus life simulation "CampuSIM" as a method for parametrization of the qualities of pedestrian campus zones and spaces. The study proposed the use of multi-objective optimization methods to fulfill various campus quantifiable and non-quantifiable design objectives. The significance of the proposed tool will result from its potential application in a wide range of complex, dynamic pedestrian behavior scenarios such as flows, social simulations, and design.
keywords	Campus Modelling, Campus Master Planning, Campus Design, Parametric Modelling, BIM, Design Optimization
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2023/06/15 23:14

_id	caadria2023_127
id	caadria2023_127
authors	Franze, Anthony, Caldwell, Glenda, Belek Fialho Teixeira, Muge and Rittenbruch, Markus
year	2023
title	Informing User-Centred Approaches to Augmented Custom Manufacturing Practices
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.1.353
source	Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 353–362
summary	This practice-based research presents insights into the potential and challenges for augmented and mixed reality (AR/MR) technology to enhance Australian small-to-medium (SME) custom manufacturers’ agility to overcome existing Industry 4.0 (I4.0) workforce productivity and efficiency challenges. Moreover, it seeks to understand the technology’s ability to support custom manufacturers and the architectural, engineering and construction (AEC) sector transition to a more human-centric Industry 5.0 (I5.0) model, whereby the well-being of the fabricator is placed back at the centre of manufacturing processes. This qualitative study draws on interviews with eleven Australian custom manufacturing industry professionals to inform pertinent themes around fabricators’ current use and perceptions of mixed reality technology. Results indicate benefits for fabricators in reducing 2D drawing and task-related ambiguities in fabrication and assembly practices and reveal factors surrounding underutilisation. Synthesising insights and reflecting on Teixeira et al., (2021)’s XR-PACT framework, key research areas are identified for future AR/MR development centred on fabrication users’ distinct needs to improve accessibility, empower fabricators and ultimately assist the competitiveness of custom manufacturers and the AEC sector.
keywords	Augmented and Mixed Reality, Custom Manufacturing, SME, User-centred design, Industry 5.0
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2023/06/15 23:14

_id	caadria2023_106
id	caadria2023_106
authors	Li, Yuqian and Xu, Weiguo
year	2023
title	Research on Architectural Sketch to Scheme Image Based on Context Encoder
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.1.069
source	Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 69–78
summary	Architects are used to hand drawing sketches to express the architectural creation intention. To present these abstract sketches, architects and teams need to convert sketches into architectural scheme images, which requires a lot of time and labour. Deep learning may have the potential to improve the efficiency of this work. The common sketch-to-image generation is based on Generative Adversarial Network (GAN), and the research of edge-to-image has made a big progress. But these methods require strict alignment of data pairs, which is difficult to achieve. Zhu et al. proposed the loss of Cycle-Consistent, which solved the problem that pairs of data sets are difficult to collect. However, most of the image translation methods require strict alignment between image data pairs, which can be achieved only for the edge mapping extracted from the image; but the sketch is very different from the edge. Due to the abstractness and fuzziness of the sketch, any simple distortion cannot complete the task of providing pixel-level alignment between the sketch and image; And image translation is the transfer of image features such as colour and texture. The original image has a strong constraint on the generated image, which makes the original structure of the image impossible to be changed. By image inpainting, we address this topic using a joint image completion approach with Context-Encoder, where the architectural sketch provides the image context for generating the scheme images. This setting has two advantages: first, the joint images can avoid the complexity of cross modal problems and the strict alignment of the data pairs as image-to-image translation; second, because of the weak constraint, the outputs have greater freedom, which perhaps can generate more imaginative results. The Context-Encoder generates scheme images on the data sets of general architectural sketches. The results present that the applicability of the completion method is better than that of the method of image translation. And scheme images that is different from the original architectural sketch contours have been generated.
keywords	Sketch, Building Scheme Image, Image Completion, Context-Encoder
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2023/06/15 23:14

_id	caadria2023_395
id	caadria2023_395
authors	Luo, Jiaxiang, Mastrokalou, Efthymia, Aldaboos, Sarah and Aldabous, Rahaf
year	2023
title	Research on the Exploration of Sprayed Clay Material and Modeling System
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.2.231
source	Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 231–240
summary	As a traditional building material, clay has been used by humans for a long time. From early civilisations, to the modern dependence on new technologies, the craft of clay making is commonly linked with the use of moulds, handmade creations, ceramic extruders, etc. (Schmandt and Besserat, 1977). Clay in the form of bricks is one of the oldest building materials known (Fernandes et al, 2010). This research expands the possibilities offered by standardised bricks by testing types of clay, forms, shapes, porosity, and structural methods. The traditional way of working with clay relies on human craftsmanship and is based on the use of semi-solid clay (Fernandes et al., 2010). However, there is little research on the use of clay slurry. With the rise of 3D printing systems in recent years, research and development has been emerging on using clay as a 3D printing filament (Gürsoy, 2018). Researchers have discovered that in order for 3D-printed clay slurry to solidify quickly to support the weight of the added layers during printing, curing agents such as lime, coal ash, cement, etc. have to be added to the clay slurry. After adding these substances, clay is difficult to be reused and can have a negative effect on the environment (Chen et al., 2021). In this study, a unique method for manufacturing clay elements of intricate geometries is proposed with the help of an internal skeleton that can be continuously reused. The study introduces the process of applying clay on a special structure through spraying and showcases how this method creates various opportunities for customisation of production.
keywords	Spray clay, Substructure, 3D printing, Modelling system, Reusable
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2023/06/15 23:14

_id	caadria2023_362
id	caadria2023_362
authors	Luo, Jiaxiang, Mastrokalou, Efthymia, Aldabous, Rahaf, Aldaboos, Sarah and Lopez Rodriguez, Alvaro
year	2023
title	Fabrication of Complex Clay Structures Through an Augmented Reality Assisted Platform
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.1.413
source	Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 413–422
summary	The relationship between clay manufacturing and architectural design has a long trajectory that has been explored since the early 2000s. From a 3D printing or assembly perspective, using clay in combination with automated processes in architecture to achieve computational design solutions is well established. (Yuan, Leach & Menges, 2018). Craft-based clay art, however, still lacks effective computational design integration. With the improvement of Augmented Reality (AR) technologies (Driscoll et al., 2017) and the appearance of digital platforms, new opportunities to integrate clay manufacturing and computational design have emerged. The concept of digitally transferring crafting skills, using holographic guidance and machine learning, could make clay crafting accessible to more workers while creating the potential to share and exchange digital designs via an open-source manufacturing platform. In this context, this research project explores the potential of integrating computational design and clay crafting using AR. Moreover, it introduces a platform that enables AR guidance and the digital transfer of fabrication skills, allowing even amateur users with no prior making experience to produce complex clay components.
keywords	Computer vision, Distributed manufacturing, Augmented craftsmanship, Augmented reality, Real-time modification, Hololens
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2023/06/15 23:14

_id	caadria2023_84
id	caadria2023_84
authors	Chen, Bowen, Lao, Pui Kuan, Dou, Zhiyi, Qiu, Wai-Shan and Luo, Dan
year	2023
title	Analyst Patterns of Influence Between a Commercial Distribution and Neighbourhood Dynamic in a Residential Neighbourhood
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.1.525
source	Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 525–534
summary	The spatial distribution of urban commercial spaces significantly impacts the overall efficiency and vibrancy of adjacent neighbourhoods. As such, it is an important factor to consider during urban development. This study aims to examine the patterns of impact between commercial distributions and neighbourhood dynamics in a residential neighbourhood, based on the case study of a highly populated, thriving commercial, and culturally rich area situated in Mong Kok, Hong Kong. In this research, a series of numeric evaluations and statistical analyses of liveability and vibrancy metrics are presented, uncovering the tension created by existing commercial forms and local living patterns. This research started with multi-dimensional data mining, such as accessing planning data using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), perception data using Street View Images (SVI), and business performance data from Google; secondly, analysing the data via machine learning (ML) algorithm and statistical correlation to identify correlations overlaid with a mapping of spaces of measurable characteristics. The goal is to establish a measurable evaluation of the relationship between commercial vibrance and urban features that can further inform the impact of urban design strategies on fostering the vitality of community commercial centres.
keywords	Mong Kok, Model Learning Machine (ML), SVM, PSPnet, MaskRCNN, POI, Commercial vibrance, Heatmap correlation, Visualization, QGIS, Google Maps Information
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2023/06/15 23:14

_id	caadria2023_43
id	caadria2023_43
authors	Onishi, Ryo, Fukuda, Tomohiro and Yabuki, Nobuyoshi
year	2023
title	Remote Sharing System for 3D Real Objects with Point Cloud Reconstruction Using Deep Learning Point Cloud Completion
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.2.381
source	Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 381–390
summary	Currently, teleconferencing via the internet is widely used in society. However, physical models such as design study models, which are often used in face-to-face meetings in the fields of architecture and urban design, cannot be shared in teleconferences where information is shared on a display. Telepresence is a technology for sharing 3D real objects at a distance that gives the sensation of sharing and experiencing the environment and objects at a remote location. As one such technology, a system has been developed in which the point cloud of a real object acquired by a camera is divided into objects by instance segmentation, and the divided point cloud is transmitted to the remote user, who can manipulate it on mixed reality. There is a problem of missing point clouds in areas not seen by the RGB-D camera, such as occlusion and the back of the camera. This research aims to develop a system that can remotely manipulate point clouds with more accurate geometry by using a point cloud completion technique based on deep learning to complement missing point clouds. This system is expected to contribute to smoother teleconferencing of remote participants.
keywords	Remote meeting, Real-time sharing, Three-dimensional remote sharing, Mixed Reality, Point cloud completion
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2023/06/15 23:14

_id	caadria2023_141
id	caadria2023_141
authors	Zhu, Guanqi, Zhou, Xinyi, Zhang, Jun, Liu, Guogang, Hao, Shimeng and Luo, Dan
year	2023
title	Automatic Robotic Construction for Customisable Rammed Earth Walls
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.2.109
source	Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 109–118
summary	Rammed earth construction has long been operated as a manual process involving unsaturated loose soil compacted inside a formwork. Earth soil is a type of highly sustainable naturalistic raw material decomposable with minimum environmental impact, with diverse colour and properties along by default. In addition, the high thermal resistance and moisture-absorbing quality of rammed earth walls significantly benefit the passive environmental comfort of the established environment. However, the manual process of rammed earth construction is excessively time and labour-intensive and highly dependent on skilled workers. More importantly, the visual effects on the vertical surface have long been overlooked by designers and builders, which has the potential to fulfil the aesthetic variety of facades. However, distributing the earth material with various colours to the specific position hinges upon the advanced fabrication accuracy and skilled workers. This process is similar to working in a black box, where it is hard to evaluate and detect the fabrication situation. Therefore, to tap into the potential of rammed earth construction, this research aims to develop an automatic robotic system capable of constructing rammed walls with a customisable distribution of different soil layers precisely.
keywords	robotic fabrication, rammed earth construction, automatic construction, material research
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2023/06/15 23:14

_id	caadria2023_57
id	caadria2023_57
authors	Alva, Pradeep, Mosteiro-Romero, Martin, Pei, Wanyu, Bartolini, Andrea, Yuan, Chao and Stouffs, Rudi
year	2023
title	Bottom-Up Approach for Creating an Urban Digital Twin Platform and Use Cases
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.1.605
source	Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 605–614
summary	Smart city initiatives have been a driving force for city-level dataset collection and the development of data-driven applications that benefit effective city management. There is a need to demonstrate use cases for effective city management using the available dataset. Urban Digital Twin (UDT) is a 3D city model that can integrate multi-disciplines and improve systems operability on a digital platform. However, UDTs are developed within organisations, and there is only limited availability of authoritative open 3D datasets to explore the potential of UDT concepts. This paper reports a methodology for creating a UDT platform for visualising and querying city energy data. We demonstrate a bottom-up approach to constructing an integrated 3D city dataset and create a query system for rapid access and navigation of the 3D city dataset through a visualisation platform using Cesium Ion. Various use cases are explored based on the dataset, such as building material stock management, energy demand simulation, electric vehicles (EV) demand and flexibility, and estimation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. These use cases can help decision-makers and stakeholders involved in city planning and management. Furthermore, it provides a guideline for developers willing to create UDT applications for smart city initiatives.
keywords	Energy modelling, City dataset, Urban analytics, Building Stock Management, Decarbonisation
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2023/06/15 23:14

_id	caadria2023_55
id	caadria2023_55
authors	Anam, Nadia and Tan, Linus
year	2023
title	A Human-Centric Approach to a Design-to-Fabrication Process: A Case of Homeless Housing Design in Melbourne, Australia
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.2.461
source	Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 461–470
summary	Recent advancements in computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) have influenced architects to practice more purposeful design processes. However, most previous research have focused on innovating CAD and CAM technologies and less on how to automate the specific needs of users into design-to-fabrication processes. Therefore, this study applies a human-centric design approach to examine how designers can leverage specific and dynamic individual needs in digital design processes to optimise designing of housing. Using research through design, we tested our user-design-fabrication framework with dynamic needs of homeless individuals and 3D printing construction technologies, to design and prototype homeless housing solutions in Melbourne, Australia. This research demonstrates that specific and dynamic occupant needs are leveraged by designer's increased knowledge of digital design processes for 1) greater manipulation of basic software and machines and 2) provision of more individualised homeless housing design solutions. This suggests that there is a need for design researchers to further investigate the role of designers in such digital design processes working with homeless individuals, to foresee the current move in industry for more client-oriented and individualised homeless housing design solutions.
keywords	human-centric design, user-to-design, design-to-fabrication, homeless housing design, client-oriented design
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2023/06/15 23:14

_id	caadria2023_343
id	caadria2023_343
authors	Armaly, Perla, Kirzner, Shay, Kashi, Yechezkel and Barath, Shany
year	2023
title	Biomanufacturing of Architectural Prototypes With Cyanobacteria
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.2.149
source	Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 149–158
summary	Cement and concrete production are responsible for nearly 8% of the world's annual emissions of greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. Biodesign can potentially address this challenge in architecture by integrating living materials in design processes and enhancing the ecological performance of materials. As part of an interdisciplinary approach between architecture and microbiology, this research outlines a systematic workflow consisting of pre-fabrication, fabrication, and post-fabrication phases. The workflow leverages additive processes based on biological data and utilizes cyanobacteria’s output capabilities towards architectural production. Cyanobacteria through their photosynthetic process are able to absorb CO2 and induce calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitation, the main ingredient in limestone and cement. This paper focuses on the pre-fabrication phase and develops material protocols for designers. It examines the compatibility of two bacterial strains in order to formulate a biomixture suitable for integration in an additive biomanufacturing process.
keywords	biodesign, additive manufacturing, biofabrication, sustainability, Cyanobacteria, Carbon Dioxide fixation
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2023/06/15 23:14

_id	caadria2023_44
id	caadria2023_44
authors	Asaf, Ofer, Bentur, Arnon, Klein, Tamir and Sprecher, Aaron
year	2023
title	3D Printed Soil-Based Bioclimatic Envelopes for Tree Seedlings in Drylands
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.2.583
source	Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 583–592
summary	Afforestation in drylands is an active ecosystem restoration strategy shown to increase ecosystem services in these regions, which are highly prone to land degradation. Nevertheless, seedling recruitment is difficult in such projects due to various biotic and abiotic stresses. This paper proposes a methodology for providing tree seedlings in drylands with 3D-printed soil-based bioclimatic envelopes. The workflow suggests key aspects in transforming locally sourced soils to 3D printable, bioclimatically performable materials. Essential robotic tooling aspects and processing parameters are proposed. In addition, ways to embed site-specific data to algorithmically conceive a customized envelope according to the tree species are suggested.
keywords	Ecosystem restoration, Afforestation, Tree shelters, Soil-based 3D Printing, Bioclimatic Architecture, Robotic Fabrication
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2023/06/15 23:14

_id	caadria2023_73
id	caadria2023_73
authors	Awaji, Hiroki, Hayashi, Sei and Gondo, Tomoyuki
year	2023
title	Construction of a Free-Form Pavilion Using On-Site Plywood Bending With the Development of Fabrication Tools
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.2.099
source	Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 99–108
summary	Buildings with complex shapes are increasingly being constructed using digital fabrication tools. However, many building components nevertheless require specialised skills for their assembly at the construction site, even if the manufacturing has been streamlined. In this study, by practising an agile design process that repeats the method of ‘Add-on the tool’ and ‘feedback on form and material, we devised a construction method that allows unskilled workers to be involved in the fabrication of pavilions and the creation of complex curved surfaces without requiring special skills, so long as the rules of assembly are determined. In this study, a method of achieving large curvatures using wire bending of Y-shaped wooden units made of 4-mm thick lauan veneer boards was proposed, in which large curvatures were used to design two-dimensionally curved surfaces with continuous wavy shapes. This method was also used to control the force applied to the wires by controlling their lengths. The free curved surface with the elastic bending of the plywood allowed a height of 2.3 m and a span of 6 m.
keywords	Add-on the tools, Agile development, Large-span Structure, Active Bending, Plywood, Curvature, Fabrication Tools
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2023/06/15 23:14

_id	caadria2023_172
id	caadria2023_172
authors	Bachtiar, Naomi Marcelle and Ortner, F. Peter
year	2023
title	A Multiplayer Game for Participatory Planning
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.2.421
source	Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 421–430
summary	This paper presents a digital urban design game, ’Katakita’, as a tool for multiple non-expert participants to generate options for equitable transit-oriented development in Jakarta. It is set in the context of the ongoing MRT development and addresses the risk of transit-induced displacement for the lower income group. A preliminary study is done on the risk level of displacement based on historical data of displacement and vulnerable communities are then mapped out. The potential of using a game as a platform for discussion, evaluation and consensus-building is investigated in this paper. The game permits players to choose different roles to play and make design decisions by placing various building blocks in the multiplayer environment. Game scores such as equitability and profitability are tracked to encourage discussions and negotiations. Game session consisting of participants with relevant profiles has been conducted and results of which will be shared in this paper.
keywords	Participatory Planning, Serious Games, Game Design, Multi-criteria Decision Making, Optimisation, Urban Design
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2023/06/15 23:14

_id	caadria2023_60
id	caadria2023_60
authors	Bai, Zishen and Peng, Chengzhi
year	2023
title	Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) Supported Urban Design to Reduce Particle Air Pollutant Concentrations
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.1.505
source	Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 505–514
summary	PM2.5 has become a significant factor contributing to the haze outbreak in mainland China, which has negative impacts for public health. The current agility of CFD-based modelling to reveal in real-time the changes in PM2.5 concentrations in response to (proposed) changes in urban form limits its practical applications in the design processes. To support urban design for better air quality (AQ), this study presents a machine learning approach to test: (1) that the spatial distribution of PM2.5 concentrations measured in an urban area reflects the area’s capacity to disperse particle air pollution; (2) that the PM2.5 concentration measurements can be linked to certain urban form attributes of that area. A Convolutional Neural Network algorithm called Residual Neural Network (ResNet) was trained and tested using the ChinaHighPM2.5 and urban form datasets. The result is a ResNet-AQ predictor for the city centre area in Beijing which had one of the highest air pollution levels within the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. The urban area covered by the ResNet-AQ predictor contains 4,000 grid cells (approx. 25.3 km x 25.3 km), of which 1,200 (30%) cells were selected randomly for testing. The ResNet-AQ prediction accuracy achieved 87.3% after 100 iterations. An end-use scenario is presented to show how a social housing project can be supported by the AQ predictor to achieve better urban air quality performance.
keywords	PM2.5, urban form indicators, image classification, Convolutional Neural Network, open urban data
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2023/06/15 23:14

_id	caadria2023_133
id	caadria2023_133
authors	Cabezon Pedroso, Tomas, Rhee, Jinmo and Byrne, Daragh
year	2023
title	Feature Space Exploration as an Alternative for Design Space Exploration Beyond the Parametric Space
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.2.029
source	Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 29–38
summary	This paper compares the parametric design space with a feature space generated by the extraction of design features using deep learning (DL) as an alternative way for design space exploration. In this comparison, the parametric design space is constructed by creating a synthetic dataset of 15.000 elements using a parametric algorithm and reducing its dimensions for visualization. The feature space — reduced-dimensionality vector space of embedded data features — is constructed by training a DL model on the same dataset. We analyze and compare the extracted design features by reducing their dimension and visualizing the results. We demonstrate that parametric design space is narrow in how it describes the design solutions because it is based on the combination of individual parameters. In comparison, we observed that the feature design space can intuitively represent design solutions according to complex parameter relationships. Based on our results, we discuss the potential of translating the features learned by DL models to provide a mechanism for intuitive design exploration space and visualization of possible design solutions.
keywords	Deep Learning, VAE, Design Space, Feature Design Space, Parametric Design Space, Design Exploration
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2023/06/15 23:14

_id	caadria2023_334
id	caadria2023_334
authors	Cahyadi, Muhammad Rafif, Alkadri, Miktha Farid and De Luca, Francesco
year	2023
title	Dynamic Calculations of Thermal Bridges in Curtain Wall and Its Effects on Cooling Loads and Thermal Delay
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.2.441
source	Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 441–450
summary	Thermal Bridge is a multidimensional heat flow that has been discussed among architects and engineers. Integrating thermal bridges into building energy simulation (BES) has been challenging because they are often simulated at steady-state conditions without including their dynamic behaviour, such as thermal delay or time lag. Most BES programs tend to simplify this part, so they only calculate the thermal bridge in the steady state, which may lead to miscalculation. This paper proposes a novel method to calculate dynamic thermal bridges by integrating the thermal bridge and the energy simulation part. The thermal bridge simulation is conducted under transient conditions at a certain timestep where the boundary conditions are obtained from field observations. The results are then used as input in the BES program to calculate the cooling load's end-use intensity (EUI) and thermal delay. This study enables architects not only to identify potential thermal bridges in the existing building façade but also to support material and geometrical explorations during the conceptual design stage.
keywords	Thermal Bridges, Dynamic calculation, Thermal Delay, Cooling Load
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2023/06/15 23:14

_id	caadria2023_213
id	caadria2023_213
authors	Chadha, Kunaljit, Ramos Montilla, Natalia, Paoletti, Ingrid Maria and Carcassi, Olga Beatrice
year	2023
title	Programmed Growth: A Living Mycelium and Clay Composite
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.2.311
source	Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 311–320
summary	Through 3D printing of a mixture of clay and natural fibres, this paper proposes a first design experimentation to understand the parameters that influence mycelium materials' growth, including inoculation (IS) and fabrication strategies (FS). Given the broad spectrum of complex, interrelated variables, the aim is to provide insight based on many empirical experiments and visual inspection through a series of prototypes. The growth behaviour of mycelium and the visual inspection highlight that the inoculation strategy with a post-inoculation of mycelium in the substrate is the one that assures maximal mycelium colonization. Through empirical testing, we demonstrated control over the growth process by guiding the manual insertion of mycelium spawn with undulated areas on the printed surface generated through an image sampling algorithm. Moreover, such a strategy is viable for future programmed growth artefacts once the interactive insertion of mycelium spawn is substituted with a multi-material technique allowing for controlled growth in selective areas induced by the fabrication technique. In terms of resource optimization, the FS that optimizes the use of the material is the most favourable since it was possible to obtain the same final colonized geometry with less material.
keywords	additive manufacturing, mycelium and clay composite, material experimentation, biological fibres, visual inspection
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2023/06/15 23:14

_id	caadria2023_346
id	caadria2023_346
authors	Chang, Teng-Wen, Wu, Yi-Sin and Fang, Yu-Cyuan
year	2023
title	Mining High-Impact Authors From CAADRIA Conferences Through Social Network Analysis and Information Visualization of the CAD Field
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.2.059
source	Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 59–68
summary	This study uses social network analysis (SNA) to explore the academic development of the CAADRIA research group, and evaluate their influence on the academic circle from a dynamic co-author publication network map. We use mediational centrality to reconstruct the WoCAD (Web of CAADRIA) ontology model, which is based on degree centrality, mediational centrality, and feature vector centrality. This model can help us find: (1) the most influential authors and works, (2) the main participants in the group, (3) the classification of academic researchers in the same group, and (4) the development context and trends of academic researchers, assisting organizers in investigating these academic contents.
keywords	Information Visualization, Co-Authors Network, Social Network Analysis, System Design, CAD
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2023/06/15 23:14

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