Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	ecaade2023_239
id	ecaade2023_239
authors	Tamke, Martin, Akbari, Shahriar, Chiujdea, Ruxandra, Nicholas, Paul and Ramsgaard Thomsen, Mette
year	2023
title	A Computer Vision-Based Long-term Monitoring Framework for Biobased Materials
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.459
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 459–468
summary	In this paper, we describe an automated remote monitoring system to uncover the impact of environmental phenomena on 3D printed bio-polymers behaviour and lifespan. The novel fully automated in-service framework allows for long-term monitoring with a wide range of wired and optical sensors and to correlate and analyse the gathered data. A focus is set on non-invasive measurements with Computer Vision technology. Here we introduce a computational image pipeline that allows for automated analysis and feedback on monitored bio-composite samples and assemblies. The framework is easily deployable, cloud-based, and accessible remotely. We evaluate the function and reliability of the framework in two design cases indoors and outdoors and gather insight for future practice with bio-based materials on both design and in-service levels.
keywords	Automated Monitoring, 3D printing, Biopolymer, Material Behaviour, Weathering
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ascaad2023_034
id	ascaad2023_034
authors	Kamal, Maria; Hosny, Samir; Assem, Ayman; Fathy, Fatma
year	2023
title	Computational Optimization of Architectural Space Planning
source	C+++: Computation, Culture, and Context – Proceedings of the 11th International Conference of the Arab Society for Computation in Architecture, Art and Design (ASCAAD), University of Petra, Amman, Jordan [Hybrid Conference] 7-9 November 2023, pp. 732-749.
summary	Automated space layout planning has been a long-standing problem in the field of computer-aided design. The challenge lies in generating an optimal space design that has a well-defined vision and a multitude of competing objectives and evaluation measures. Computational approaches assisted designers in exploring design solutions and fulfilling some non-geometric goals more effectively and efficiently. However, quantifying spatial qualities for computational representations is challenging, especially where a multitude of interrelated objectives are needed to be met, such as wayfinding, maximizing views to outside, maximizing visibility, and minimizing travel, alongside the functional relations of the spaces with each other. Moreover, there could be a change in these intended objectives, which requires space design adaptation. Thus, there is a need for more flexible, fast, and automated design tools to be used in the design process. This paper presents a framework to generate optimal architectural space planning solutions through an interactive design system that takes geometrical, topological, and performance goals and design constraints as input. This system is based on data structure representations combined with evaluation and optimization algorithms and a parametric representation. Through a theoretical and analytical inductive study of the previous research in this field, defined steps for a computational approach for space planning optimization was proposed by presenting architect-friendly tools and graphics to simplify producing realistic optimal solutions for the required space planning problems.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2024/02/13 14:34

_id	ijac202321305
id	ijac202321305
authors	Kim, Jong Bum; Danielle Oprean; Laura Cole; Laura Zangori
year	2023
title	Illumi’s world: A mini-game development with parametric BIM-based simulations
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing 2023, Vol. 21 - no. 3, 462–477
summary	The research investigates the design and development of a serious game to teach green building design and energy literacy in rural middle schools in the United States. The paper presents a pilot study, education minigame development integrated with parametric BIM and energy simulations. The game scenario was built on the developed science curriculum modules in our funded research, teaching building energy technologies such as daylighting, artificial lighting, window configurations, building materials, solar panels, etc. The minigame, Illumi’s World, presents a baseline science lab and a media library of typical public schools in the United States. The players have the opportunity to improve energy literacy in several ways: manipulating the building configurations and the energy options, reviewing energy costs and emission level changes, and monitoring the performance from the game dashboards. This paper presents background theory, curriculum design, the mini-game development framework, methods and tools for energy simulation and BIM visualization, and the findings and challenges.
keywords	Game-based learning, green building literacy, systems thinking, model-based reasoning, building information modeling, energy simulation
series	journal
last changed	2024/04/17 14:30

_id	ascaad2023_120
id	ascaad2023_120
authors	Körükcü, Berfin
year	2023
title	A Framework Proposal for Natural Stone Processing with Robot Arm
source	C+++: Computation, Culture, and Context – Proceedings of the 11th International Conference of the Arab Society for Computation in Architecture, Art and Design (ASCAAD), University of Petra, Amman, Jordan [Hybrid Conference] 7-9 November 2023, pp. 767-779.
summary	Transforming raw stone materials into building elements and materials using traditional tools and methods has a long cultural history. As a reflection of computational design thinking, current production methods have been transferred to digital environments, making them suitable for processing and interacting with numerical machines. Physical media and production processes, which are difficult and slow to change and regulate, have been transferred to the digital environment and made programmable, changeable and open to algorithmic manipulation. The development of digital design and production methods in architecture has also paved the way for the digitalization of natural stone processing applications. Digital Fabrication methods are effective at all scales and stages of architectural processes. In subtractive methods, which is one of the digital fabrication methods, the material is shaped by subtracting parts from the main whole by cutting or milling. Processing with a robot arm is a subtractive production type, such as traditional stone carving. The process consists of the tool attached to the robot arm moving on the block. Along the path followed by the tool, the material is shaped by subtracting it according to the thickness, shape, step distance, progress speed, adjusted depth, and axis. In general, stone processing consists of two steps: rough processing that roughly removes the material layer by layer and fine processing that processes the remaining part precisely to produce a surface finish. The design of this production process creates a relationship between time and quality. At this point, simulation can be used to design the process based on the production tool before production and to provide feedback on the produced form by measuring it to the digital model after production. This study provides a comparative framework for the different processing steps of natural stone materials for robotic fabrication. The research includes collecting data on natural stone processing and robotic fabrication, drawing a framework for the geometric form to be processed, designing the stone processing process with a robotic arm, conducting simulation experiments, and analyzing simulation data. Since performing the experiments in physical would be restrictive in terms of cost and time, simulation technique was preferred. In this way, it was possible to conduct more experiments, and analyzes were strengthened.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2024/02/13 14:41

_id	acadia23_v2_482
id	acadia23_v2_482
authors	Wan, Linxiaoyi; Liu, Jingyang; Bard, Joshua; Cupkova, Dana
year	2023
title	Towards Adaptive Additive Manufacturing: Image-based Monitoring for Binder Jet 3D Printing of Coarse Composite Concrete Powders
source	ACADIA 2023: Habits of the Anthropocene: Scarcity and Abundance in a Post-Material Economy [Volume 2: Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference for the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9891764-0-3]. Denver. 26-28 October 2023. edited by A. Crawford, N. Diniz, R. Beckett, J. Vanucchi, M. Swackhamer 482-492.
summary	In the context of concrete 3D printing, this study explores the possibility of image-based monitoring for quality evaluation and improvement in powder-based binder jetting proce- dures for the use of coarse powders. The project's main goal is to create an integrated feedback loop that incorporates an image-based monitoring system into the printing process. This allows for real-time analysis for quality control and simultaneous incorpo- ration of coarse, composite powders. The overarching goal is to expand the possibility of binder jetting towards more diverse powder sources that would enable a circular economy and material reuse. This study investigates how coarser concrete powder and composite mixing ratios affect the printing process, thus laying the groundwork for the future use of hybrid materials instead of just using homogeneous standard powders. In this framework, image-based monitoring aids in more adaptive printing processes in addi- tive manufacturing, which will ultimately help us create 3D-printed structures that are produced with higher accuracy and sustainablility. These developments will also signifi- cantly impact 3D concrete printing in building applications, encouraging innovation and better performance in the additive manufacturing sector.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2024/12/20 09:13

_id	ecaade2023_317
id	ecaade2023_317
authors	Zamani, Alireza, Mohseni, Alale and Bertug Çapunaman, Özgüç
year	2023
title	Reconfigurable Formwork System for Vision-Informed Conformal Robotic 3D Printing
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.387
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 387–396
summary	Robotic additive manufacturing has garnered significant research and development interest due to its transformative potential in architecture, engineering, and construction as a cost-effective, material-efficient, and energy-saving fabrication method. However, despite its potential, conventional approaches heavily depend on meticulously optimized work environments, as robotic arms possess limited information regarding their immediate surroundings (Bechthold, 2010; Bechthold & King, 2013). Furthermore, such approaches are often restricted to planar build surfaces and slicing algorithms due to computational and physical practicality, which consequently limits the feasibility of robotic solutions in scenarios involving complex geometries and materials. Building on previous work (Çapunaman et al., 2022), this research investigates conformal 3D printing of clay using a 6 degrees-of-freedom robot arm and a vision-based sensing framework on parametrically reconfigurable tensile hyperbolic paraboloid (hypar) formwork. In this paper, we present the implementation details of the formwork system, share findings from preliminary testing of the proposed workflow, and demonstrate application feasibility through a design exercise that aims to fabricate unique components for a poly-hypar surface structure. The formwork system also offers parametric control over generating complex, non-planar tensile surfaces to be printed on. Within the scope of this workflow, the vision-based sensing framework is employed to generate a digital twin informing iterative tuning of the formwork geometry and conformal toolpath planning on scanned geometries. Additionally, we utilized the augmented fabrication framework to observe and analyze deformations in the printed clay body that occurs during air drying. The proposed workflow, in conjunction with the vision-based sensing framework and the reconfigurable formwork, aims to minimize time and material waste in custom formwork fabrication and printing support materials for complex geometric panels and shell structures.
keywords	Robotic Fabrication, Conformal 3D Printing, Additive Manufacturing, Computer-Vision, Reconfigurable Formwork
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ijac202321412
id	ijac202321412
authors	Damla Turhan, Gozde; Guzden Varinlioglu and Murat Bengisu
year	2023
title	Bio-based material integration into computational form-finding tools by introducing tensile properties in the case of bacterial cellulose-based composites
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing 2023, Vol. 21 - no. 4, 781-794
summary	Recent studies in digital design and fabrication processes focus on the potentials of using biological systems in nature as mathematical models or more recently as bio-based materials and composites in various applications. The reciprocal integration between mechanical and digital media for designing and manufacturing bio-based products is still open to development. The current digital form-finding scripts involve an extensive material list, although bio-based materials have not been fully integrated yet. This paper explores a customized form-finding process by suggesting a framework through mechanically informed material-based computation. Bacterial cellulose, an unconventional yet potential material for design, was explored across its biological growth, tensile properties, and the integration of datasets into digital form finding. The initial results of the comparison between digital form finding with conventional materials versus mechanically informed digital form finding revealed a huge difference in terms of both the resulting optimum geometry and the maximum axial forces that the geometry could actually handle. Although this integration is relatively novel in the literature, the proposed methodology has proven effective for enhancing the structural optimization process within digital design and fabrication and for bringing us closer to real-life applications. This approach allows conventional and limited material lists in various digital form finding and structural optimization scripts to cover novel materials once the quantitative mechanical properties are obtained. This method has the potential to develop into a commercial algorithm for a large number of bio-based and customized prototypes within the context of digital form finding of complex geometries.
keywords	Digital design, digital fabrication, structural optimization, form finding, bacterial cellulose
series	journal
last changed	2024/04/17 14:30

_id	caadria2023_299
id	caadria2023_299
authors	Garg, Nipun and Huang, Sheng-Yang
year	2023
title	Conjugated Materiality – Reinstating Material Circularity via Digital Twins
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.1.705
source	Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 705–714
summary	Industrial Revolution 4.0 offers an opportunity for the globe to rethink the meaning of building information that breaks the territorial borders of building information systems that are not based project-wise but follow a geopolitical structure. It expands the conventional thought process of being limited to a building to a city/ planetary urbanisation level. As a response to the new urban design theory, the paper posits an approach that amalgamates “Design for Disassembly (DFD)” and “Digital Twins” which have gained traction because of “Circular Economy” and “Industrial Revolution 4.0” respectively, to create an information framework for the urban ecology that focuses on system management rather than project management via “Material Passport (MP) 2.0”. It identifies the gaps within the existing MP and creates a foundational framework for the added information (termed “Material Strategies”) that needs to be a part of MP 2.0 that arise while working across systems by augmenting DFD and Digital Twins via the lens of materials. The material strategies are further investigated through a correlation matrix to understand their interdependency to finally create a JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)-based serialisation of materials to reinstate the material circularity and reduce the carbon emissions that the construction sector accounts for.
keywords	Design for Disassembly (DFD), Digital Twin, Material Passport (MP), Circular Economy, JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2023/06/15 23:14

_id	ecaade2023_326
id	ecaade2023_326
authors	Gaudreault, Grégoire and Nejur, Andrei
year	2023
title	Heteromorph
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.059
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 59–68
summary	Whereas on a global scale, more than one billion people live in precarious housing situations, many construction materials are often sent to landfill sites or, worse, burned. However, these rejected materials represent a richness whose reallocation would lead to a significant economy of resources. Therefore, reusing materials from the construction industry could eventually be part of the solution. In this paper, we will present the results of a study carried out within the framework of a master's thesis project, which attempts to establish an architectural response to this issue. The proposed solution involves a constructive system that allows the assembly of temporary shelters using a wide range of reclaimed materials. This approach implies the use of digital tools to generate a form resulting from the analysis of locally salvaged materials. The algorithm developed in this project can generate multiple formal configurations optimized for the available resources. Any shape obtained in this manner will be composed of a low number (3-5) of unique edge lengths. This rationalization strategy also limits the unique triangle typologies in the structure to a manageable number. The different elements, whether planar or linear, are then joined using low-tech metal nodes that can be easily assembled and disassembled. Because the standardized edge lengths and triangle types are compatible, the proposed workflow unlocks mixed material reuse for complex reticular structures. The resulting flexibility allows for several variations or even a partial or complete reconfiguration of the initial shape, thus further supporting the implementation of the circular economy principles for the construction of complex architectural structures.
keywords	Urban Mining, Temporary Shelters, Reclaimed Material, Low-tech, Kit-based Design, Circular Economy, Participatory Architecture, Material Optimization, Reconfigurable Structures, Material Reuse
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2023_423
id	ecaade2023_423
authors	Ghiyasi, Tahmures, Zargar, Seyed Hossein and Baghi, Ali
year	2023
title	Layer-by-Layer Pick and Place Collaboration Between Human and Robot Using Optimization
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.769
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 769–778
summary	Robotic pick-and-place (P&P) has been widely utilized in manufacturing and architectural construction since the 1980s. However, the lack of inherent sensing capabilities in robots has limited their ability to adapt and respond to changes in design or environment. To address some of these shortcomings, this paper proposes an interactive robotic brick-laying workflow using a vision-based sensing framework to inform and optimize brick placements in consecutive layers. The proposed implementation is comprised of three major computational frameworks: (1) digitally reconstructing and analyzing the current state of the assembly, (2) optimizing placement targets based on the digital representation of the environment and desired multi-objective optimization goals, and (3) planning robot motion for the next layer of brick-laying. Within this workflow, the vision-based feedback pipeline simultaneously reconstructs and localizes the already-built assembly. This geometric information constitutes the basis for the multi-objective optimization stage. The placement targets are adaptively calculated to build the next layer upon the existing assembly while optimizing for structural stability, accounting for unforeseen deviations between layers, and allowing for human intervention and modification throughout the process. By proposing an interactive robotic brick-laying workflow, the paper explores the prospects for leveraging the capabilities of robotic pick-and-place technology and integrating it with vision-based sensing frameworks to achieve optimal results in construction. Furthermore, by examining the effectiveness of a multi-objective optimization method as an adaptive design driver, this paper contributes to the development of novel computational strategies that can enhance the flexibility and adaptability of robotic construction systems.
keywords	Pick-and-place, Human-robot interaction, Robotic fabrication, Multi-objective optimization
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	acadia23_v2_24
id	acadia23_v2_24
authors	Jiun Gan, Amelia Wen; Sayegh, Allen; Witt, Andrew
year	2023
title	From Waste to 3D CAD: Framework for Geographical and Temporally Conscious Design Tool
source	ACADIA 2023: Habits of the Anthropocene: Scarcity and Abundance in a Post-Material Economy [Volume 2: Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference for the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9891764-0-3]. Denver. 26-28 October 2023. edited by A. Crawford, N. Diniz, R. Beckett, J. Vanucchi, M. Swackhamer 24-32.
summary	This paper introduces a framework that addresses the limitations of form-first design approaches in contemporary architectural practice, where digital design and comput- er-aided design (CAD) tools often neglect material realities. The framework aims to bridge the gap between form-based and material-centric approaches by proposing a digital design tool that is both geographical and temporally conscious. Outlined in this paper is a proposal for a 3D modeling tool that incorporates information from material, weather, and environmental databases, enabling users to model with location-specific materials that dynamically respond to local environmental factors over time. This integration of material and environmental data empowers designers to consider the temporal dimension of their design decisions, promoting a more environmentally sustainable and contextually respon- sive design practice. The presented framework and pilot tool derived observations and insights from material studies, fabrication experiments, and accelerated weathering tests. These tests involve bio-composites made from agricultural byproducts and food wastes, where the findings are translated into computational simulations for material properties and decay. These insights inform the development of the framework, which seeks to align with the principles of a circular and hyperlocal material economy, countering supply-chain determinism by emphasizing localization, mechanical property variation, and material decay. This paper contributes to the advancement of architectural design and fabrication by bridging the gap between form-based and material-centric approaches, fostering an understanding of materials and their temporal characteristics. The proposed 3D modeling tool promotes sustainable and contextually responsive architectural solutions, advocating for the use of regionally sourced materials.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2024/12/20 09:12

_id	ecaade2023_474
id	ecaade2023_474
authors	Lengyel, Dominik and Toulouse, Catherine
year	2023
title	Mental modelling - CAAD for translating verbal scientific hypotheses about architecture
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.701
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 701–710
summary	Reconsidering CAAD, it can be stated that the technical possibilities are no longer an obstacle to accomplishing what one wants to achieve. The reflection and the discourse now concern rather the product that is produced with its aid. The second digital turn is thus one back to the matter. The digital is ubiquitous. But this does not apply to its teaching by a long shot. Here, it is essential to continueto reflect on the specifics of the digital, above all the danger of automatisms. Nevertheless, at the core of the research on the use of the CAAD is the content, and here the authors have developed a method for visualising uncertainty in the knowledge of archaeology, historical building research and art history. It is a translation of vague verbal hypotheses into the visual. This is obviously done via CAAD, since the hypotheses are statements about space, about architecture. What is special about this method is the balance between scientificity and vividness. Usually, a great adherence to scientificity leads to schematic diagrams, far from any architectural expression, informative but not immersive. Vivid visualisations, on the other hand, are usually speculatively charged life pictures, based in a scientific statement, but enriched by pure fantasy to such an extent that the scientific content is either drowned out or even distorted. The way in which the authors translate scientific statements into the visual therefore utilises two traditional and genuine sub-disciplines of architecture, model building and photography. While the CAAD model follows the scientific hypothesis in its abstraction, it is the rules of architectural photography that create a vivid and thus architecturally interpretable vision from this abstract geometry. The distinctive characteristic is that CAAD is not used to construct or simulate architecture, but to translate verbal hypotheses, so basically it is Computer Aided Mental Modelling.
keywords	archaeology, knowledge, uncertainty, abstraction, virtual photography
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	caadria2023_395
id	caadria2023_395
authors	Luo, Jiaxiang, Mastrokalou, Efthymia, Aldaboos, Sarah and Aldabous, Rahaf
year	2023
title	Research on the Exploration of Sprayed Clay Material and Modeling System
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.2.231
source	Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 231–240
summary	As a traditional building material, clay has been used by humans for a long time. From early civilisations, to the modern dependence on new technologies, the craft of clay making is commonly linked with the use of moulds, handmade creations, ceramic extruders, etc. (Schmandt and Besserat, 1977). Clay in the form of bricks is one of the oldest building materials known (Fernandes et al, 2010). This research expands the possibilities offered by standardised bricks by testing types of clay, forms, shapes, porosity, and structural methods. The traditional way of working with clay relies on human craftsmanship and is based on the use of semi-solid clay (Fernandes et al., 2010). However, there is little research on the use of clay slurry. With the rise of 3D printing systems in recent years, research and development has been emerging on using clay as a 3D printing filament (Gürsoy, 2018). Researchers have discovered that in order for 3D-printed clay slurry to solidify quickly to support the weight of the added layers during printing, curing agents such as lime, coal ash, cement, etc. have to be added to the clay slurry. After adding these substances, clay is difficult to be reused and can have a negative effect on the environment (Chen et al., 2021). In this study, a unique method for manufacturing clay elements of intricate geometries is proposed with the help of an internal skeleton that can be continuously reused. The study introduces the process of applying clay on a special structure through spraying and showcases how this method creates various opportunities for customisation of production.
keywords	Spray clay, Substructure, 3D printing, Modelling system, Reusable
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2023/06/15 23:14

_id	ecaade2023_205
id	ecaade2023_205
authors	Meeran, Ahmed and Joyce, Sam
year	2023
title	Rethinking Airport Spatial Analysis and Design: A GAN based data driven approach using latent space exploration on aerial imagery for adaptive airport planning
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.501
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 501–510
summary	Airports require long term planning, balancing estimations of future demand against available airfield land and site constraints. This is becoming more critical with climate change and the transition to sustainable aviation fuelling infrastructure. This paper demonstrates a novel procedure using Satellite Imagery and Generative Learning to aid in the comparative analysis and early-stage airfield design. Our workflow uses a GAN trained on 2000 images of airports transforming them into a high-dimensional latent space capturing the typologies’ large-scale features. Using a process of projection and dimensional-reduction methods we can locate real-world airport images in the generative latent space and vice-versa. With this capability we can perform comparative “neighbour” analysis at scale based on spatial similarity of features like airfield configuration, and surrounding context. Using this low-dimensional 3D ‘airport designs space’ with meaningful markers provided by existing airports allows for ‘what if’ modelling, such as visualizing an airport on a site without one, modifying an existing airport towards another target airport, or exploring changes in terrain, such as due to climate change or urban development. We present this method a new way to undertake case study, site identification and analysis, as well as undertake speculative design powered by typology informed ML generation, which can be applied to any typologies which could use aerial images to categorize them.
keywords	Airport Development, Machine Learning, GAN, High Dimensional Analysis, Parametric Space Exploration, tSNE, Latent Space Exploration, Data Driven Planning
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2023_60
id	ecaade2023_60
authors	Mostafavi, Fatemeh and Khademi, Seyran
year	2023
title	Micro-Climate Building Context Visualization
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.009
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 9–18
summary	Residential buildings are responsible for a considerable share of energy consumption and carbon emission. To decarbonize by 2050, as agreed in the Paris Climate Accord, immediate action for lowering the environmental impact of the building sector is needed. Environmental building design is a promising path, particularly during the early-stage design when design decisions are more impactful and long-lasting. One of the initial steps in the building design process is site assessment, during which the building context and environmental factors are to be evaluated. The surrounding environment plays a critical role in the building's energy performance and the thermal, visual, and acoustic comfort of its occupants. We choose quantitative approaches to study the complexity of the environmental design with respect to the building context by analyzing environmental cues embedded in architectural drawings that have been given less attention in previous studies. Nevertheless, disclosing site-specific geolocation data of buildings, more specifically residential type, is often challenging due to privacy issues. Therefore, there is a lack of context-related metadata in the current architectural datasets. Whereas simulation data are more available and provide a wealth of contextual information, however, it is less appealing for architects to interpret design patterns from extensive simulation figures. This research focuses on developing an interpretable visualization of the building’s micro-climate context from environmental simulation data without direct access to the geolocation of the site. The environmental context visualization is created from daylight, view, and noise from 3088 multifamily housing presented in the Swiss Buildings data set, merely based on available simulation data. The presented pipeline in this study facilitates the employment of existing simulation data in the built environment datasets while circumventing the concerns associated with geolocation data exposure. Further, the generated visualizations may be used to develop computer vision models for environmental assessments of building layout design.
keywords	Building Context, Environmental Design, Data Visualization, Big Data, Decarbonizing
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	acadia23_v2_166
id	acadia23_v2_166
authors	Nicholas, Paul; Lharchi, Ayoub; Tamke, Martin; Valipour Goudarzi, Hasti; Eppinger, Carl; Sonne, Konrad; Rossi, Gabriella; Ramsgaard Thomsen, Mette
year	2023
title	Biopolymer Composites in Circular Design: Malleable Materials for an Instable Architecture
source	ACADIA 2023: Habits of the Anthropocene: Scarcity and Abundance in a Post-Material Economy [Volume 2: Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference for the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9891764-0-3]. Denver. 26-28 October 2023. edited by A. Crawford, N. Diniz, R. Beckett, J. Vanucchi, M. Swackhamer 166-173.
summary	This paper examines temporality within material and architectural cascades. It takes point of departure in the perception of bio-based materials as abundant within the emerging framework of bio-based circular design, and the need for materials that can incorporate flexibility to local availability, ecological implications, and cost. In this paper we introduce a specific biopolymer composite composed of interchangeable constituent materials from agricultural waste streams, and describe the malleability of this material through the processes of material composition and robotic fabrication, and the re-activation of its thermoplastic properties. We examine the design opportunities this opens for cascading, and how processes of repair, refitting, and recycling of a malleable material create ongoing instabilities of the object that can be conceptually and practically exploited at both architectural and material levels. We identify and describe these opportunities within the context of ‘Radicant’, a 3D printed wall paneling system made from the bio-polymer composite. We also present a series of experiments that exemplify how the strategic localized reactivation of the printed material can ideate new architectural strategies of repairing, refurbishing, and recycling.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2024/12/20 09:12

_id	acadia23_v2_44
id	acadia23_v2_44
authors	Pei, Wanyu; Stouffs, Rudi
year	2023
title	Parametric Archetype: A Synthetic Digital Method of Buildings Material Stock Representation Based on Distance Measurement
source	ACADIA 2023: Habits of the Anthropocene: Scarcity and Abundance in a Post-Material Economy [Volume 2: Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference for the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9891764-0-3]. Denver. 26-28 October 2023. edited by A. Crawford, N. Diniz, R. Beckett, J. Vanucchi, M. Swackhamer 44-52.
summary	Building material stock (BMS) is a crucial inventory of secondary resources which contain comprehensive information for analyzing the potential of material reuse and urban harvesting. Due to the complexity of urban building systems and the large number of buildings, obtaining building information one by one is impractical. Existing methods for stock representation mainly start from data collection, and utilize techniques such as clustering, machine learning, computer vision, et cetera, to process and analyze large and complete datasets. However, it is noticed that data on urban buildings, especially for building materials, is very limited or rather inaccessible. Existing methods cannot be applied in data-scarce cities and are also challenging to update over time. Therefore, this study proposes a synthetic approach named parametric archetype for the digital repre- sentation of BMS. This approach combines distance measurement, which is a distance within dimensions describing building features, to match instance buildings dynamically to a parametric archetype with the highest similarity. The weight and types of different building features, which may influence building material (composition and properties) in distance measurement, can be determined by supervised, semi-supervised, or unsuper- vised learning, whether relying on ample available data or domain rules/expert knowledge when data is scarce. This way, the parametric archetype model can use data more effi- ciently to form a synthetic and extensible representation for urban-level BMS (Figure 1). The parametric archetype is anticipated to offer an approach for describing, quantifying, and modeling the real building material stock system incrementally and transparently.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2024/12/20 09:12

_id	acadia23_v2_92
id	acadia23_v2_92
authors	Pinochet, Diego
year	2023
title	A Computational Gestural Making Framework: A Multi-modal Approach to Digital Fabrication Mapping Human Gestures to Machine Actions
source	ACADIA 2023: Habits of the Anthropocene: Scarcity and Abundance in a Post-Material Economy [Volume 2: Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference for the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9891764-0-3]. Denver. 26-28 October 2023. edited by A. Crawford, N. Diniz, R. Beckett, J. Vanucchi, M. Swackhamer 92-103.
summary	This research project implements a multimodal body-centric approach to interactive fabrication aimed to test the conversational aspects of a design framework (Figure 1). It focuses on the development of a gesture language as the primary mode of commu- nication, as well as the means to generate effective communication with a machine for design endeavors. To do so, we first developed a gesture recognition system that aims to establish fluid communication with a machine based on three types of gestures: symbolic, exploratory, and sequential. Second, we developed a system for machine vision to detect, recognize, and calculate physical objects in space. Third, we developed a system for robotic motion using path-planning algorithms and reinforcement learning for colli- sion-free machine movement. Finally, those three modules were integrated into a system for human-robot interaction in real time based on gestures. The ultimate goal of this imple- mentation is to establish a multimodal framework for interactive design that is based on human-robotic interaction through the use of gestures as a communication mechanism for exploring computational design potential toward unique and original creations.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2024/12/20 09:12

_id	ecaade2023_259
id	ecaade2023_259
authors	Sonne-Frederiksen, Povl Filip, Larsen, Niels Martin and Buthke, Jan
year	2023
title	Point Cloud Segmentation for Building Reuse - Construction of digital twins in early phase building reuse projects
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.327
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 327–336
summary	Point cloud processing has come a long way in the past years. Advances in computer vision (CV) and machine learning (ML) have enabled its automated recognition and processing. However, few of those developments have made it through to the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry. Here, optimizing those workflows can reduce time spent on early-phase projects, which otherwise could be spent on developing innovative design solutions. Simplifying the processing of building point cloud scans makes it more accessible and therefore, usable for design, planning and decision-making. Furthermore, automated processing can also ensure that point clouds are processed consistently and accurately, reducing the potential for human error. This work is part of a larger effort to optimize early-phase design processes to promote the reuse of vacant buildings. It focuses on technical solutions to automate the reconstruction of point clouds into a digital twin as a simplified solid 3D element model. In this paper, various ML approaches, among others KPConv Thomas et al. (2019), ShapeConv Cao et al. (2021) and Mask-RCNN He et al. (2017), are compared in their ability to apply semantic as well as instance segmentation to point clouds. Further it relies on the S3DIS Armeni et al. (2017), NYU v2 Silberman et al. (2012) and Matterport Ramakrishnan et al. (2021) data sets for training. Here, the authors aim to establish a workflow that reduces the effort for users to process their point clouds and obtain object-based models. The findings of this research show that although pure point cloud-based ML models enable a greater degree of flexibility, they incur a high computational cost. We found, that using RGB-D images for classifications and segmentation simplifies the complexity of the ML model but leads to additional requirements for the data set. These can be mitigated in the initial process of capturing the building or by extracting the depth data from the point cloud.
keywords	Point Clouds, Machine Learning, Segmentation, Reuse, Digital Twins
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2023_264
id	ecaade2023_264
authors	Turhan, Gozde Damla, Cicek, Selen and Ozbengi-Uslu, Filiz
year	2023
title	Biobased Material Computation and Digital Fabrication for Bacterial Cellulose-Based Biofabrics
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.469
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 469–478
summary	The collaboration with biological organisms, biomaterial computation, and digital fabrication offers new possibilities for reconsidering the relationship between human and non-human living forms. These organisms allow for the creation of materials, design and manufacturing processes, and end products to become more closely aligned with natural systems and processes, as they are derived from renewable resources and have a lower environmental impact than synthetic materials. In this research, by focusing on nature and non-human living organisms, biobased material computation and digital fabrication were explored to develop biofabrics. This research offers a fully biodegradable process with zero waste and unlimited supply, enhanced with the resources provided by nature, including nature's design and manufacturing methods. To create this sustainable, circular cycle, one of the most abundant materials in the world, the purest form of cellulose, is produced by bacteria such as Acetobacter Xylinus (A. xylinus). In collaboration with A. xylinus, bacterial cellulose-based biofabrics were grown and harvested. The methodology was divided into four main stages: Digital fabrication of a customized fashion dummy which involves 3D modeling, laser-cutting, and assembly of a fashion dummy; a stochastic scaffold design for the bacterial cellulose biofilm layer; biobased material formulation for developing a biofabric; and bio-assembly. The outcome has been exhibited at Good Design Izmir 7, a national curated exhibition among the invited guests’ section, and had a chance to meet a larger audience to raise awareness. As a result, it was seen that incorporating biobased materials into the digital fabrication process has the potential to not only improve the performance and sustainability of materials but also to encourage designers to reconsider the relationship between humans and ecology. Future studies can include the scalability of such systems for broader design realms, such as biobased architectural solutions for buildings, especially lightweight structures, as well as industrial design products such as packaging.
keywords	Material based Computation, Biobased Materials, Digital Fabrication, Biofabrics, Bacterial Cellulose
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

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