Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	ecaade2023_387
id	ecaade2023_387
authors	Huang, Sheng-Yang, Llabres-Valls, Enriqueta, Tabony, Aiman and Castillo, Luis Carlos
year	2023
title	Damascus House: Exploring the connectionist embodiment of the Islamic environmental intelligence by design
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.871
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 871–880
summary	Past studies have demonstrated that connectionist artificial intelligence (AI) has superior capabilities for style-based generative design because it automatically searches, extracts, and applies features according to the data-represented probabilistic profile of an architectural style. To further navigate its architectural affordance, this practice-led research project explores employing connectionist artificial intelligence to produce Islamic-style architectural forms that have historically revealed environmental intelligence by embedding sociocultural factors in response to the physical and human environmental design heritage. The project applies the Pix2Pix model and inverts the logic of some existing studies to predict the building plans from daylight maps. Use multi-objective optimisation algorithms to iteratively optimise factors such as building porosity, spatial quality, and microclimate, and use it as a condition to apply a Pix2Pix to generate a corresponding porosity model that is parametrised for the further design process. The model was trained on 120 augmented, paired images based on the 30 selected examples of Islamic architecture from the Damascus Atlas to capture the relationship between the massing distribution of walls and the arrangement of major elements in an Islamic courtyard house and its thermal performance. This study seeks to test if connectionist AI can be used as a generative design tool to understand the historical development of spatial relationships in Islamic courtyard houses. It focuses on non-repetitive style metrics, embedding physical and cultural factors into data representation. The resulting environmentally intelligent model adapts to the context, with optimisation being a pragmatic design guide rather than the ultimate goal. Although the inference is based on objective probabilistic facts, the influence of the informational framework interpreted by the designers must be acknowledged.
keywords	Connectionist Artificial Intelligence, Digital Design, Environmental Intelligence, Islamic Architecture, Style-based Generative Design
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ascaad2023_075
id	ascaad2023_075
authors	Aljhadali, Abdulrahman; Megahed, Yasser; Gwilliam, Julie
year	2023
title	Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) in Practice: A Comprehensive Investigation into the Utilization of Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) in Architectural Practice
source	C+++: Computation, Culture, and Context – Proceedings of the 11th International Conference of the Arab Society for Computation in Architecture, Art and Design (ASCAAD), University of Petra, Amman, Jordan [Hybrid Conference] 7-9 November 2023, pp. 324-343.
summary	This study offers a comprehensive investigation into the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technologies within architectural practices. Since the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD), technology has had a significant impact on the way architects conduct their work. This study explores the potential of AI/ML in actual architectural workflows, with a particular emphasis on the capacity of deep neural networks to assist in the design process.The outcome will help to develop a clearer picture of the opportunities and barriers associated with AI for architects; they will also inform the prioritization of focus for future development of this technology in architectural practice, as well as identifying the specific tasks and project phases in which ML could play a role. This research reviewed literature to explore various approaches for applying AI/ML technologies within the field of architecture. Also , complemented by a number of interviews to investigate the ways in which participants are currently using AI/ML in their work, framing the current feedback and the future potential of AI/ML technologies in architecture. The data collection methods adopted involved semi-structured one-on-one interviews with professionals from multi-regional architecture firms and AI developers. The architects interviewed exhibited diverse ways of benefiting from AI/ML technology, with varying approaches and some common trends. The findings demonstrate that AI has played a pivotal role in expediting the design process and enhancing visualization within the field. However, it has also raised concerns, particularly in the realm of privacy.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2024/02/13 14:40

_id	sigradi2023_16
id	sigradi2023_16
authors	Carline Andrade Bastos, Bruno, Pereira Barcelos Ribeiro, Letícia, Celeste Santana Cunha, Aura, Monteiro Xavier de Lima, Mariana and Ribeiro Cardoso, Daniel
year	2023
title	Artificial Intelligence Applied to Ideation in Design
source	García Amen, F, Goni Fitipaldo, A L and Armagno Gentile, Á (eds.), Accelerated Landscapes - Proceedings of the XXVII International Conference of the Ibero-American Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2023), Punta del Este, Maldonado, Uruguay, 29 November - 1 December 2023, pp. 1325–1336
summary	This paper is based on two main concepts: Concept Design and Artificial Intelligence (A.I.). According to Leach (2021), people are surrounded by A.I. in various aspects of daily life. This circumstance highlights the importance of creative professionals to interpret A.I. as a Design tool. The objective of this paper is to evaluate how A.I. can be used in early stages of the ideation process for the development of an artifact. The methodological framework is exploratory-descriptive and was developed through a case study. The practical contribution is to exemplify the simultaneous use of AI and Design tools in a simulation of the creative phase of a furniture project, this result was diagrammed to represent a systematization of where each tool fits into the creative process. The theoretical contribution is to add to the debate around this subject.
keywords	Artificial intelligence, Concept Design, Creative processes, Design Methods, Ideation
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2024/03/08 14:08

_id	caadria2023_305
id	caadria2023_305
authors	Deshpande, Rutvik, Vijay Patel, Sayjel, Weijenberg, Camiel, Nisztuk, Maciej, Corcuera, Miriam, Luo, Jianxi and Zhu, Qihao
year	2023
title	Generative Pre-Trained Transformers for 15-Minute City Design
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.1.595
source	Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 595–604
summary	Cities globally are adopting “The 15-Minute City” as an urban response to various crises, including the Covid-19 Pandemic and climate change. However, the challenge of linking location-specific requirements with potential design solutions hinders its effective implementation. To bridge this gap, this paper introduces a novel urban 15 Minute City concept generation tool that applies an artificial intelligence (AI) method called a pre-trained language model (PLM). The PLM model was fine-tuned with structured examples based on 15-Minute City principles. Using a PLM, the tool maps 15-Minute City concepts to a location and project specific prompt, automatically generating neighbourhood design concepts in the form of natural language.
keywords	15-Minute City, neighbourhood design, data-driven design, urban design, natural language generation, Generative Pre-trained Transformer
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2023/06/15 23:14

_id	ecaade2023_000
id	ecaade2023_000
authors	Dokonal, Wolfgang, Hirschberg, Urs and Wurzer, Gabriel
year	2023
title	eCAADe 2023 Digital Design Reconsidered - Volume 1
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.001
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, 905 p.
summary	The conference logo is a bird’s eye view of spiral stairs that join and separate – an homage to the famous double spiral staircase in Graz, a tourist attraction of this city and a must-see for any architecturally minded visitor. Carved out of limestone, the medieval construction of the original is a daring feat of masonry as well as a symbolic gesture. The design speaks of separation and reconciliation: The paths of two people that climb the double spiral stairs separate and then meet again at each platform. The relationship between architectural design and the growing digital repertoire of tools and possibilities seems to undergo similar cycles of attraction and rejection: enthusiasm about digital innovations – whether in Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, Energy Design, Robotic Fabrication, the many Dimensions of BIM or, as right now, in AI and Machine Learning – is typically followed by a certain disillusionment and a realization that the promises were somewhat overblown. But a turn away from these digital innovations can only be temporary. In our call for papers we refer to the first and second ‘digital turns’, a term Mario Carpo coined. Yes, it’s a bit of a pun, but you could indeed see these digital turns in our logo as well. Carpo would probably agree that design and the digital have become inseparably intertwined. While they may be circling in different directions, an innovative rejoinder is always just around the corner. The theme of the conference asked participants to re-consider the relationship between Design and the Digital. The notion of a cycle is already present in the syllable “re”. Indeed, 20 years earlier, in 2003, we held an ECAADE conference in Graz simply under the title “Digital Design” and our re-using – or is it re-cycling? – the theme can be seen as the completion of one of those cycles described above: One level up, we meet again, we’ve come full circle. The question of the relationship between Design and the Digital is still in flux, still worthy of renewed consideration. There is a historical notion implicit in the theme. To reconsider something, one needs to take a step back, to look into the past as well as into the future. Indeed, at this conference we wanted to take a longer view, something not done often enough in the fast-paced world of digital technology. Carefully considering one’s past can be a source of inspiration. In fact, the double spiral stair that inspired our conference logo also inspired many architects through the ages. Konrad Wachsmann, for example, is said to have come up with his famous Grapevine assembly system based on this double spiral stair and its intricate joinery. More recently, Rem Koolhaas deemed the double spiral staircase in Graz important enough to include a detailed model of it in his “elements of architecture” exhibition at the Venice Biennale in 2014. Our interpretation of the stair is a typically digital one, you might say. First of all: it’s a rendering of a virtual model; it only exists inside a computer. Secondly, this virtual model isn’t true to the original. Instead, it does what the digital has made so easy to do: it exaggerates. Where the original has just two spiral stairs that separate and join, our model consists of countless stairs that are joined in this way. We see only a part of the model, but the stairs appear to continue in all directions. The implication is of an endless field of spiral stairs. As the 3D model was generated with a parametric script, it would be very easy to change all parameters of it – including the number of stairs that make it up. Everyone at this conference is familiar with the concept of parametric design: it makes generating models of seemingly endless amounts of connected spiral stairs really easy. Although, of course, if we’re too literal about the term ‘endless’, generating our stair model will eventually crash even the most advanced computers. We know that, too. – That's another truth about the Digital: it makes a promise of infinity, which, in the end, it can’t keep. And even if it could: what’s the point of just adding more of the same: more variations, more options, more possible ways to get lost? Doesn’t the original double spiral staircase contain all those derivatives already? Don’t we know that ‘more’ isn’t necessarily better? In the original double spiral stair the happy end is guaranteed: the lovers’ paths meet at the top as well as when they exit the building. Therefore, the stair is also colloquially known as the Busserlstiege (the kissing stair) or the Versöhnungsstiege (reconciliation stair). In our digitally enhanced version, this outcome is no longer clear: we can choose between multiple directions at each level and we risk losing sight of the one we were with. This is also emblematic of our field of research. eCAADe was founded to promote “good practice and sharing information in relation to the use of computers in research and education in architecture and related professions” (see ecaade.org). That may have seemed a straightforward proposition forty years ago, when the association was founded. A look at the breadth and depth of research topics presented and discussed at this conference (and as a consequence in this book, for which you’re reading the editorial) shows how the field has developed over these forty years. There are sessions on Digital Design Education, on Digital Fabrication, on Virtual Reality, on Virtual Heritage, on Generative Design and Machine Learning, on Digital Cities, on Simulation and Digital Twins, on BIM, on Sustainability, on Circular Design, on Design Theory and on Digital Design Experimentations. We hope you will find what you’re looking for in this book and at the conference – and maybe even more than that: surprising turns and happy encounters between Design and the Digital.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2023_001
id	ecaade2023_001
authors	Dokonal, Wolfgang, Hirschberg, Urs and Wurzer, Gabriel
year	2023
title	eCAADe 2023 Digital Design Reconsidered - Volume 2
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.001
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, 899 p.
summary	The conference logo is a bird’s eye view of spiral stairs that join and separate – an homage to the famous double spiral staircase in Graz, a tourist attraction of this city and a must-see for any architecturally minded visitor. Carved out of limestone, the medieval construction of the original is a daring feat of masonry as well as a symbolic gesture. The design speaks of separation and reconciliation: The paths of two people that climb the double spiral stairs separate and then meet again at each platform. The relationship between architectural design and the growing digital repertoire of tools and possibilities seems to undergo similar cycles of attraction and rejection: enthusiasm about digital innovations – whether in Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, Energy Design, Robotic Fabrication, the many Dimensions of BIM or, as right now, in AI and Machine Learning – is typically followed by a certain disillusionment and a realization that the promises were somewhat overblown. But a turn away from these digital innovations can only be temporary. In our call for papers we refer to the first and second ‘digital turns’, a term Mario Carpo coined. Yes, it’s a bit of a pun, but you could indeed see these digital turns in our logo as well. Carpo would probably agree that design and the digital have become inseparably intertwined. While they may be circling in different directions, an innovative rejoinder is always just around the corner. The theme of the conference asked participants to re-consider the relationship between Design and the Digital. The notion of a cycle is already present in the syllable “re”. Indeed, 20 years earlier, in 2003, we held an ECAADE conference in Graz simply under the title “Digital Design” and our re-using – or is it re-cycling? – the theme can be seen as the completion of one of those cycles described above: One level up, we meet again, we’ve come full circle. The question of the relationship between Design and the Digital is still in flux, still worthy of renewed consideration. There is a historical notion implicit in the theme. To reconsider something, one needs to take a step back, to look into the past as well as into the future. Indeed, at this conference we wanted to take a longer view, something not done often enough in the fast-paced world of digital technology. Carefully considering one’s past can be a source of inspiration. In fact, the double spiral stair that inspired our conference logo also inspired many architects through the ages. Konrad Wachsmann, for example, is said to have come up with his famous Grapevine assembly system based on this double spiral stair and its intricate joinery. More recently, Rem Koolhaas deemed the double spiral staircase in Graz important enough to include a detailed model of it in his “elements of architecture” exhibition at the Venice Biennale in 2014. Our interpretation of the stair is a typically digital one, you might say. First of all: it’s a rendering of a virtual model; it only exists inside a computer. Secondly, this virtual model isn’t true to the original. Instead, it does what the digital has made so easy to do: it exaggerates. Where the original has just two spiral stairs that separate and join, our model consists of countless stairs that are joined in this way. We see only a part of the model, but the stairs appear to continue in all directions. The implication is of an endless field of spiral stairs. As the 3D model was generated with a parametric script, it would be very easy to change all parameters of it – including the number of stairs that make it up. Everyone at this conference is familiar with the concept of parametric design: it makes generating models of seemingly endless amounts of connected spiral stairs really easy. Although, of course, if we’re too literal about the term ‘endless’, generating our stair model will eventually crash even the most advanced computers. We know that, too. – That's another truth about the Digital: it makes a promise of infinity, which, in the end, it can’t keep. And even if it could: what’s the point of just adding more of the same: more variations, more options, more possible ways to get lost? Doesn’t the original double spiral staircase contain all those derivatives already? Don’t we know that ‘more’ isn’t necessarily better? In the original double spiral stair the happy end is guaranteed: the lovers’ paths meet at the top as well as when they exit the building. Therefore, the stair is also colloquially known as the Busserlstiege (the kissing stair) or the Versöhnungsstiege (reconciliation stair). In our digitally enhanced version, this outcome is no longer clear: we can choose between multiple directions at each level and we risk losing sight of the one we were with. This is also emblematic of our field of research. eCAADe was founded to promote “good practice and sharing information in relation to the use of computers in research and education in architecture and related professions” (see ecaade.org). That may have seemed a straightforward proposition forty years ago, when the association was founded. A look at the breadth and depth of research topics presented and discussed at this conference (and as a consequence in this book, for which you’re reading the editorial) shows how the field has developed over these forty years. There are sessions on Digital Design Education, on Digital Fabrication, on Virtual Reality, on Virtual Heritage, on Generative Design and Machine Learning, on Digital Cities, on Simulation and Digital Twins, on BIM, on Sustainability, on Circular Design, on Design Theory and on Digital Design Experimentations. We hope you will find what you’re looking for in this book and at the conference – and maybe even more than that: surprising turns and happy encounters between Design and the Digital.
series	eCAADe
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2024/08/29 08:36

_id	ecaade2023_308
id	ecaade2023_308
authors	Haidar, Adonis
year	2023
title	Evolution of Modelling in Architecture: A Framework for the categorisation and evaluation of digital models in Architectural Design
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.811
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 811–820
summary	Apart from being an integral part of the architectural design process, modelling is becoming central to architecture as well as to neighbouring fields. The technologies and tools applicable for the generation, development and coordination of models are growing rapidly. In one single project, a wide range of models is used which poses challenges in practice in terms of establishing a systematic way to utilise those modelling techniques and access their potential benefits. Aiming to enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of the various modelling methods, this paper establishes a framework for the different types of models where the models are categorised and evaluated based on different criteria. To achieve this, a critical review of the literature related to the history of modelling in architecture and the emergence of the different methods of modelling is conducted. Beyond classical, CAD-based 3D models, the framework identifies four categories of modelling methods: performative modelling, algorithmic modelling, parametric modelling, and BIM. Each category is evaluated based on the generation and modification process, model entity and model function. Subsequently, the paradigm shifts associated with each modelling method are identified and discussed.
keywords	3D Modelling History, CAD, BIM, Generative/Algorithmic Modelling, Parametric Modelling, Performative Modelling, Paradigm Shift, Computational Design
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	acadia23_v2_572
id	acadia23_v2_572
authors	Kosavinta, Satakhun; Kunapinun, Alisa
year	2023
title	CycleGAN Implementation for Creating Modern Thai Houses
source	ACADIA 2023: Habits of the Anthropocene: Scarcity and Abundance in a Post-Material Economy [Volume 2: Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference for the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9891764-0-3]. Denver. 26-28 October 2023. edited by A. Crawford, N. Diniz, R. Beckett, J. Vanucchi, M. Swackhamer 572-581.
summary	Nowadays, artificial intelligence (AI) plays a vital role in developing future trends and technology. Artificial intelligence approaches and applications have been developed over several decades to achieve AI systems for architectural creation to replace architectural design by humans at certain levels. However, the current development of AI models and architectural creation frameworks is inadequate and unsatisfactory. Moreover, limited studies on AI applications have focused on vernacular design or traditional architecture. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study aiming to develop a deep learning tech- nology that can design traditional architectures. This study aims to investigate the aspects of architectural design for vernacular architecture, while focusing on traditional Thai houses, and finding the proper types of generative adversarial networks (GANs) leveraged for architectural creation. By exploring its implications in the architectural field, this study proposes an approach of GANs for designing a specific architectural project style, and provides a model of CycleGAN in architectural creation using an empirical study on Thai vernacular houses as a case study. After training, the results show that the AI model can be applied to the design of modern Thai houses by enriching modern international houses with characteristics of traditional Thai houses. The primary transforming identities of the Thai vernacular architecture selected by the AI model exhibit a high gable (with top element), “Pan-lom” (windbreak on the gable), Thai-style platform (usually leaving the first floor as open space), and wood texture (including color and Thai-style assembly pattern).
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2024/12/20 09:13

_id	acadia23_v1_242
id	acadia23_v1_242
authors	Noel, Vernelle A.
year	2023
title	Carnival + AI: Heritage, Immersive virtual spaces, and Machine Learning
source	ACADIA 2023: Habits of the Anthropocene: Scarcity and Abundance in a Post-Material Economy [Volume 1: Projects Catalog of the 43rd Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9860805-8-1]. Denver. 26-28 October 2023. edited by A. Crawford, N. Diniz, R. Beckett, J. Vanucchi, M. Swackhamer 242-245.
summary	Built on a Situated Computations framework, this project explores preservation, reconfiguration, and presentation of heritage through immersive virtual experiences, and machine learning for new understandings and possibilities (Noel 2020; 2017; Leach and Campo 2022; Leach 2021). Using the Trinidad and Tobago Carnival - hereinafter referred to as Carnival - as a case study, Carnival + AI is a series of immersive experiences in design, culture, and artificial intelligence (AI). These virtual spaces create new digital modes of engaging with cultural heritage and reimagined designs of traditional sculptures in the Carnival (Noel 2021). The project includes three virtual events that draw on real events in the Carnival: (1) the Virtual Gallery, which builds on dancing sculptures in the Carnival and showcases AI-generated designs; (2) Virtual J’ouvert built on J’ouvert in Carnival with AI-generated J’ouvert characters specific; and (3) Virtual Mas which builds on the masquerade.
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2024/04/17 13:58

_id	cdrf2023_368
id	cdrf2023_368
authors	Peter Buš
year	2023
title	DeepCraft: Co-Intelligent Architecture and Human and AI-Driven Craftsmanship in Design-to-Production Pipelines
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8405-3_31
source	Proceedings of the 2023 DigitalFUTURES The 5st International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2023)
summary	The working paper investigates the potential of artificial intelligence technologies (AI), namely the Generative Adversarial Imitation Learning (GAIL) implemented in a process of digital robotic fabrication prospectively to be used in craftsmanship. The method introduced is based on a preliminary demonstration provided digitally in an abstract toolpath generated by a human-driven movement in a hand gesture translated into a digital space in a real-time process. The investigation presented in this paper focuses on a preliminary computational digital framework which may serve as a base for further investigation. At this stage of the report, the framework encompasses human hand recognition creating a toolpath for a robot, which learns its principles and tries to interpret the process in a digital space. This learned toolpath resulted in a digital brain being applied again in a different shape of the human-created toolpath or gesture movement. The paper also presents the computational system of the real-time navigation of the robot based on a human gesture in a virtual space. The learned knowledge by a robot is observed in a digital environment before any physical applications.
series	cdrf
email
last changed	2024/05/29 14:04

_id	acadia23_v2_560
id	acadia23_v2_560
authors	Saldana Ochoa, Karla; Huang, Lee-Su; Guo, Zifeng; Bokhari, Adil
year	2023
title	Playing Dimensions: Images / Models / Maps: Conceptualizing Architecture with Big Data and Artificial Intelligence
source	ACADIA 2023: Habits of the Anthropocene: Scarcity and Abundance in a Post-Material Economy [Volume 2: Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference for the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9891764-0-3]. Denver. 26-28 October 2023. edited by A. Crawford, N. Diniz, R. Beckett, J. Vanucchi, M. Swackhamer 560-568.
summary	This article presents a novel architecture design workflow that explores the intersection of Big Data, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and storytelling by scraping, encoding, and mapping data, which can then be implemented through Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) technologies. In contrast to conventional approaches that consider AI solely as an optimization tool, this workflow embraces AI as an instrument for critical thinking and idea generation. Rather than creating new AI models, this workflow encourages architects to experiment with existing ones as part of their practice. The workflow revolves around the concept of ""Canonical architecture,"" where data-driven techniques serve to traverse dimensions and representations, encompassing text, images, and 3D objects. The data utilized consists of information specific to the project, gathered from social media posts, including both images and text, which provide insights into user needs and site charac- teristics. Additionally, roughly 9,000 3D models of architectural details extracted from 38 different architectural projects were used. The primary objective is to assist architects in developing a workflow that does not suggest starting from scratch or a tabula rasa, but to work with already hyper-connected objects, be it text, images, 3D models, et cetera. These conceptualizations can then be enacted in game engines and/or experimented with in AR/ VR platforms, while keeping their connections alive. Through this process, the framework aims to develop a sensibility of working with large amounts of data without losing focus, and letting the electric grounds of the internet help us in articulating projects.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2024/12/20 09:13

_id	acadia23_v2_430
id	acadia23_v2_430
authors	Vaidhyanathan, Vishal; T R, Radhakrishnan; Garcia del Castillo Lopez, Jose Luis
year	2023
title	Spacify: A Generative Framework for Spatial Comprehension, Articulation and Visualization using Large Language Models (LLMs) and eXtended Reality (XR)
source	ACADIA 2023: Habits of the Anthropocene: Scarcity and Abundance in a Post-Material Economy [Volume 2: Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference for the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9891764-0-3]. Denver. 26-28 October 2023. edited by A. Crawford, N. Diniz, R. Beckett, J. Vanucchi, M. Swackhamer 430-443.
summary	Spatial design, the thoughtful planning and creation of built environments, typically requires advanced technical knowledge and visuospatial skills, making it largely exclusive to professionals like architects, interior designers, and urban designers. This exclusivity limits non-experts' access to spatial design, despite their ability to describe requirements and suggestions in natural language. Recent advancements in generative artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language models (LLMs), and extended reality, (XR) offer the potential to address this limitation. This paper introduces Spacify (Figure 1), a framework that utilizes the generalizing capabilities of LLMs, 3D data-processing, and XR interfaces to create an immersive medium for language-driven spatial understanding, design, and visualization for non-experts. This paper describes the five components of Spacify: External Data, User Input, Spatial Interface, Large Language Model, and Current Spatial Design; which enable the use of generative AI models in a) question/ answering about 3D spaces with reasoning, b) (re)generating 3D spatial designs with natural language prompts, and c) visualizing designed 3D spaces with natural language descriptions. An implementation of Spacify is demonstrated via an XR smartphone application, allowing for an end-to-end, language-driven interior design process. User survey results from non-experts redesigning their spaces in 3D using this application suggest that Spacify can make spatial design accessible using natural language prompts, thereby pioneering a new realm of spatial design that is naturally language-driven.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2024/12/20 09:12

_id	acadia23_v2_582
id	acadia23_v2_582
authors	Wu, Kaicong; Li, Chenming; Su, Wenjun
year	2023
title	The Chair Game Experiment: Transforming Multiplayer Design Processes with Text-to-Image Generation and 2D-to-3D Modelling
source	ACADIA 2023: Habits of the Anthropocene: Scarcity and Abundance in a Post-Material Economy [Volume 2: Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference for the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9891764-0-3]. Denver. 26-28 October 2023. edited by A. Crawford, N. Diniz, R. Beckett, J. Vanucchi, M. Swackhamer 582-595.
summary	The urgency for an inclusive architectural design process in conceptualizing the built environment stems from the need to establish effective communication between under- represented groups and design professionals. However, various challenges hinder the development of an inclusive design process that accommodates diverse stakeholders. Individual designers or selective design teams are frequently limited by their own visions, causing them to potentially overlook alternative solutions. Moreover, stakeholders who lack professional training might struggle to articulate their expectations. The emergence of generative AI (artificial intelligence) technologies has significantly reduced the tech- nical barriers in design, and has empowered non-professionals to vividly express their ideas regarding forms and spaces. This has presented a valuable opportunity to better understand the perspectives of underrepresented groups through visual representations. Therefore, this research aims to explore the impact of image generation on the democ- ratization of the design process. Using chair design as a testing ground, we propose an evolutionary computing framework that simulates interactions among designers and participants empowered by emerging AI technologies. To investigate the potential impact of image generation, we have implemented a multiplayer design game to allow computing agents to compete in exploring 3D chair forms. Through this approach, we aim to gain insights into how image generation influences design decisions, whether it generates more diversified solutions, and what values could be introduced into the built environment.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2024/12/20 09:13

_id	caadria2023_24
id	caadria2023_24
authors	Yin, Xiang
year	2023
title	AI and Typology
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.1.039
source	Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 39–48
summary	The paper discusses a novel design approach that applies artificial intelligence as an auxiliary tool throughout typology research and architectural design. The method attempts to utilize neural network as a research tool to detect and identify features of a typical architectural type within the specific society context and demonstrate its potential for regional design under the theme of human centric. Typology classification, computational vision, and human-machine collaboration are entwined throughout machine learning and architectural design. The paper aims to demonstrate the ability of 3D Point Cloud Generative Adversarial Network Based on Tree Structured Graph Convolutions (TreeGAN) to study the inherent principle and characteristic of an architectural type and its potential to provide possible design inspirations based on the typological formation principles concluded by Deep Learning. The article exhibits the key result generated by TreeGAN in a specific architecture type—churches, as the prototype of a design method and conducts a project in Manhattan.
keywords	Architecture Typology, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, TreeGAN, Human-machine Collaboration
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2023/06/15 23:14

_id	ecaade2023_125
id	ecaade2023_125
authors	Baºarir, Lale, Çiçek, Selen and Koç, Mustafa
year	2023
title	Demystifying the patterns of local knowledge: The implicit relation of local music and vernacular architecture
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.791
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 791–800
summary	As the zeitgeist suggests, the development of novel design output using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) is becoming an important milestone in the architectural design discourse. With the recent encounter of the computational design realm with the diffusion models, it becomes even easier to generate 2D and 3D design outputs. Yet, the utilization of machine learning tools within design computing domains is confined to generating or classifying visual and encoded data. However, it is critical to evaluate the untapped potentials of machine learning technologies in terms of illuminating the implicit correlations and links underlying distinct concepts and themes across a wide range of technical domains. With the ongoing research project named “Local Intelligence", we hypothesized that the local knowledge of a certain location might be conceptualized as a distributed network to connect different forms of local knowledge. As the first case of the project, we tried to reinstate a commonality between the local music and vernacular architecture, for which we trained generative adversarial network (GAN) models with the visual spectrograms translated from the audio data of the local songs and images of vernacular architectural instances from a defined geography. The two multi-modal GAN models differ in terms of the inherent convolutional layers and data pairing process. The outcomes demonstrated that both GAN models can learn how to depict vernacular architectural features from the rhythmic pattern of the songs in various patterns. Consequently, the implicit relations between music and architecture in the initial findings come one step closer to being demystified. Thus, the process and generative outcomes of the two models are compared and discussed in terms of the legibility of the architectural features, by taking the original vernacular architectural image dataset as the ground truth.
keywords	Local Intelligence, Machine Learning, Generative Adversarial Network (GAN), Local Music, Vernacular Architecture
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2023_240
id	ecaade2023_240
authors	Brodmann, Anton, Damtsas, Efstathios, Drewes, Arne, Prell, Anna, Spaeth, Benjamin and Herrmann, Michael
year	2023
title	Computational Design and 3D Printing of a Biopolymer Construction System for Freeform Applications
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.347
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 347–356
summary	This work presents the design and fabrication concept as well as the pedagogy approach of a student design-build project. It examines the digital design process of a double- curved segmented freeform considering the geometry, coplanarity issues and structural design. The project discovers the opportunities and limitations offered by large scale additive manufacturing of recyclable biopolymers through prototyping and physical testing. Consequently, its adaptability to other freeform architectural applications and the resulting impact and potential on productivity, quality and sustainability in the building sector are discussed.
keywords	Design and Build, Parametric Design, Generative Design, Additive Manufacturing, Direct Extrusion Printing, Biopolymer, Double-Curved Structure, Segmentation, Coplanarity
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	sigradi2023_439
id	sigradi2023_439
authors	Chornobai, Sara Regiane, Paiva Ponzio, Angelica, Miotto Bruscato, Léia and Machado Fagundes, Cristian Vinicius
year	2023
title	Fostering Sustainability in the Early Stages of the Architectural Design process: a Creative Exploration of AI Generative Models
source	García Amen, F, Goni Fitipaldo, A L and Armagno Gentile, Á (eds.), Accelerated Landscapes - Proceedings of the XXVII International Conference of the Ibero-American Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2023), Punta del Este, Maldonado, Uruguay, 29 November - 1 December 2023, pp. 831–842
summary	The field of architecture is experiencing transformative changes with the rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI). This study investigates the use of generative models like Large Language Models (LLM) and Generative Diffusion Models (GDM) in architectural design, focusing on sustainability. Utilizing the concept of “active human agency”, the research evaluates tools like DALL-E 2 (Bing) and ChatGPT (GPT-4) for creating environmentally responsive references in the early phases of the design process. Employing an explorative and qualitative methodology, the investigation includes architectural characteristics of climatic archetypes and concepts related to architecture-biology, applied to different environmental contexts. Initial findings reveal the AI potential in creating environmentally responsive references, with certain limitations in specific interactions and interpretations. The conclusion emphasizes these tools as collaborative aids in early design stages, and underscores the importance of "active human agency" for meaningful, responsible results, contributing to sustainability in early architectural design processes.
keywords	Artificial Intelligence, Generative Models, Architectural Design Process, Sustainability, Active Human Agency.
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2024/03/08 14:07

_id	sigradi2023_90
id	sigradi2023_90
authors	Codarin, Sara and Daubmann, Karl
year	2023
title	Rom[AI]nterrotta
source	García Amen, F, Goni Fitipaldo, A L and Armagno Gentile, Á (eds.), Accelerated Landscapes - Proceedings of the XXVII International Conference of the Ibero-American Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2023), Punta del Este, Maldonado, Uruguay, 29 November - 1 December 2023, pp. 705–716
summary	This contribution presents the outcomes of a three-credit elective course offered at Lawrence Technological University’s College of Architecture and Design that involved a week-long travel experience in Rome with undergraduate and graduate students. The course used on-the-fly digital synthetic creations with AI text-to-image and image-to-image generation. The students collectively produced a disciplinary design-fiction tour book for a futuristic Rome, integrated into the city's historical layers. Inspired by the 1978 Roma Interrotta/Interrupted Rome project, the students reimagined the city using AI-informed storytelling to create altered narratives that explored common themes and critical insights. The digital tools allowed students to seamlessly blend AI-generated ideas with photos from the tour, linking historical contexts and contemporary design proposals. The critical use of AI served as a valuable tool in this process, educating designers on the importance of site-specific considerations and capturing the essence of a place through innovative creations informed by their experiences.
keywords	AI, Text-to-Image, Storytelling, Travel Experience, Rome
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2024/03/08 14:07

_id	sigradi2023_435
id	sigradi2023_435
authors	Conceiçao, Sandro, Diehl, Natália and Bruscato, Leia
year	2023
title	ChatGPT for Briefing Creation
source	García Amen, F, Goni Fitipaldo, A L and Armagno Gentile, Á (eds.), Accelerated Landscapes - Proceedings of the XXVII International Conference of the Ibero-American Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2023), Punta del Este, Maldonado, Uruguay, 29 November - 1 December 2023, pp. 819–830
summary	This study aims to investigate the stages involved in document creation during the architecture and design project phases, through the integration of the Briefing with the assistance of ChatGPT-3.5, with the purpose of assessing the relevance, correspondence, and coherence of data generated by Artificial Intelligence (AI). The research involved the use of two distinct prompts: one featuring a more generic nature, and the other defined by a higher level of detail. It was found that the generic prompt yielded innovative options – not foreseen in the reference sources –, however with lower correspondence. The detailed request was limited to the predefined structure, resulting in greater correspondence and partial consistency with the parameters established in the reference literature. It was possible to conclude that, while AI automates the briefing stages, the input and critical analysis of the generated text require substantial subject knowledge for consistent results.
keywords	Artificial Intelligence, ChatGPT, Briefing, Architecture Programme, Design Process.
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2024/03/08 14:07

_id	ecaade2023_73
id	ecaade2023_73
authors	Daher, Elie, Kubicki, Sylvain and Marvuglia, Antonino
year	2023
title	A Digital Collaborative Framework for Evaluating the Environmental Impacts and the Potential of Vertical Building Extensions
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.165
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 165–174
summary	In this paper, we focus on the regeneration of the existing building stock coupled to the implementation of decarbonization policies. We propose a digital collaborative framework for the extension of buildings enabling a quick comparison of neighborhoods in the early design stages. The framework proposes the potential extendable roofs based on Geospatial information and a set of rules and further engineering analysis that are defined by the experts. The system selects the buildings that can host roof vertical extensions, with a first analysis of the expected Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) impacts based on previous LCA aggregated models.
keywords	Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), Urban Planning, Generative Design, Decarbonization
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

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