Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	caadria2023_210
id	caadria2023_210
authors	Linker, Gitit, Gillis, Elisheva, Freedman, Danny, Segal, Adi, Zermati, Noa, Naim, Or, Partook, Rebecca Hila and Nathansohn, Nof
year	2023
title	Designed to Grow: 3D Printing of Seeds
source	Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 211–220
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.2.211
summary	The prevalent use of inorganic, non-local materials in construction and design in the age of ecological crisis, calls for experiments with new, more sustainable components. In this research, we suggest re-thinking the incorporation of flora in design, by developing a new material for additive manufacturing (AM), that utilizes the constructive potential in the root entanglement of germinating seeds. The material which is comprised of a hydrogel and seeds is used to create 3D printed objects. These transform over time and the material receives new properties and qualities. The seeds develop into plants which finally wither, the plants roots intertwine and strengthen the structure of the designed shape as the sustaining hydrogel disintegrates. The object is comprised of organic biodegradable components only, that can be prepared for AM in simple processes. By doing so, the result is an accessible method of creating plant based and digitally designed objects. Our research challenges the conventional approach for integrating nature into the built environment. While flora is most commonly subsequently added as an external addition to the designed object, in this work, seeding is an integral part of the fabrication process. This allows us to introduce a new workflow for ecological design and fabrication.
keywords	Material Development, 3D printing, 3D Bioprinting, Digital Fabrication, Sustainable Design, Post Printing Transformation
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2023/06/15 23:14

_id	ascaad2023_077
id	ascaad2023_077
authors	Tabassum, Nusrat; Duarte, Jose; Nazarian, Shadi
year	2023
title	Advancing 3D Concrete Printing for Affordable Housing: A Shape Grammar-Based Approach to Print Spanning Roof Structures
source	C+++: Computation, Culture, and Context – Proceedings of the 11th International Conference of the Arab Society for Computation in Architecture, Art and Design (ASCAAD), University of Petra, Amman, Jordan [Hybrid Conference] 7-9 November 2023, pp. 344-364.
summary	3D concrete printing (3DCP) technology is expected to address the construction industry's inefficiency, lack of skilled labor, and safety concerns, while tackling the housing shortage due to global population growth. Current applications in academia and industry have mainly focused on fabricating wall elements, which do not fulfill the potential of this technology to fully automate the construction process, including enclosures. In concrete construction, formwork is an essential part that fundamentally influences labor needs, quality, time, and cost. Many building components, such as walls, beams, columns, and prefabricated blocks, have been successfully printed without formwork using various additive manufacturing (AM) techniques for 3DCP. However, due to a 60-degree printing angle restriction when using a horizontal slicing technique and a corbelling printing method, to print spanning structures without formwork remains a challenge. Most state-of-the-art studies in 3DCP have focused on developing strategies to fabricate formwork, rather than developing new techniques for printing them without formwork. This research aims to leverage the power of shape grammar to overcome the challenges of printing spanning roof structures in 3DCP. By drawing inspiration from historical structures, we propose a multi-directional printing approach, integrating corbelling, radial, and inclined slicing techniques for toolpath design. Our objective is to establish shape grammar rules to break down enclosures into printable patches, design corresponding toolpaths using various slicing techniques, and validate the effectiveness of this approach by physically fabricating a prototype. To achieve this objective, an algorithm, incorporating shape grammar rules and numerical modelling software, to optimize the 3D concrete printing process for spanning roof structures was developed. Through this generative design system, designers can efficiently generate diverse and sustainable roof designs, specifically tailored for affordable housing solutions.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2024/02/13 14:40

_id	ecaade2023_383
id	ecaade2023_383
authors	Berdos, Georgios (Yorgos), Dounas, Theodore and Vele, Jiri
year	2023
title	Decentralised Additive Manufacturing for Architecture
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 709–718
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.709
summary	This paper investigates the potential integration of blockchain and distributed ledger technologies with Additive Manufacturing in the context of architectural design and fabrication. The study aims to identify knowledge gaps, explore the affinity between these technologies, and challenge the current architecture production paradigm. Through a comprehensive state-of-the-art review and analysis of academic papers and industrial case studies, we identified emerging themes and gaps in the literature. We also examined the misalignment of incentives among key participants of the proposed systems. Our findings highlighted the relevance of blockchain technology in additive manufacturing, but also revealed significant challenges and misalignments in incentives among stakeholders. We argue that further research and experimentation are necessary to fully understand the technical feasibility and impact of integrating these technologies in architectural design and fabrication.
keywords	Blockchain, Additive Manufacturing, 3D-printing, Integration, Distributed Ledger Technologies, Distributed Manufacturing
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2023_74
id	ecaade2023_74
authors	Agkathidis, Asterios, Jourdan, David, Song, Yang, Kanmani, Arathi and Thomas, Ansha
year	2023
title	Four-Dimensional Printing on Textiles Evaluating Digital File-to-Fabrication Workflows for Self-Forming Composite Shell Structures
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 491–498
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.491
summary	This design-led research investigates the development of self-forming wearable composite structures by printing embossed patterns out of flexible filament on pre-stretched textiles and releasing the stress after the printing has been completed, whereby time becomes the fourth dimension of the printing process. In particular, the study presents and compares three methods of ‘file-to-fabrication’ techniques for generating self-forming textile shell structures: The first is based on modified geometrical patterns in relation to curvature analysis, the second on printed patterns related to their stress line simulation and the third on an analysis of the anisotropic shrinking behaviour of stripe patterns. The findings emphasize the advantages and challenges of each method as well as present a comparative table chart highlighting the relationship between material properties, pattern geometry and the formal vocabulary of the composite shells.
keywords	4D printing, additive manufacturing, textile wearables, digital materiality
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	caadria2023_343
id	caadria2023_343
authors	Armaly, Perla, Kirzner, Shay, Kashi, Yechezkel and Barath, Shany
year	2023
title	Biomanufacturing of Architectural Prototypes With Cyanobacteria
source	Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 149–158
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.2.149
summary	Cement and concrete production are responsible for nearly 8% of the world's annual emissions of greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. Biodesign can potentially address this challenge in architecture by integrating living materials in design processes and enhancing the ecological performance of materials. As part of an interdisciplinary approach between architecture and microbiology, this research outlines a systematic workflow consisting of pre-fabrication, fabrication, and post-fabrication phases. The workflow leverages additive processes based on biological data and utilizes cyanobacteria’s output capabilities towards architectural production. Cyanobacteria through their photosynthetic process are able to absorb CO2 and induce calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitation, the main ingredient in limestone and cement. This paper focuses on the pre-fabrication phase and develops material protocols for designers. It examines the compatibility of two bacterial strains in order to formulate a biomixture suitable for integration in an additive biomanufacturing process.
keywords	biodesign, additive manufacturing, biofabrication, sustainability, Cyanobacteria, Carbon Dioxide fixation
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2023/06/15 23:14

_id	sigradi2023_165
id	sigradi2023_165
authors	Chávez Valdés, Florencia, Delgado Smulders, María Constanza, Karich, Juan Cristóbal and Raspall, Felix
year	2023
title	Design of a Low-cost Extruder for Large Scale Additive Manufacturing with Earth-based Pastes
source	García Amen, F, Goni Fitipaldo, A L and Armagno Gentile, Á (eds.), Accelerated Landscapes - Proceedings of the XXVII International Conference of the Ibero-American Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2023), Punta del Este, Maldonado, Uruguay, 29 November - 1 December 2023, pp. 301–312
summary	This research explores the potential of earth construction as a low-carbon solution for large-scale additive manufacturing in the global south. Existing expensive printing technologies for earth-based structures limit their application in economically challenged regions. To address this, the study proposes and tests a low-cost extruder design using a paint/mortar mixer powertool, a metal hopper, and a 3D printed nozzle. The extruder is mounted on a CNC manipulator for precise control. Printing tests demonstrate the reliability of the design. The findings show that the low-cost extruder is a viable and sustainable option for large-scale printing, significantly reducing construction costs. By promoting the use of earth-based pastes, the research contributes to more environmentally friendly construction practices, aiding in mitigating the construction industry's environmental impact in the long run.
keywords	Additive Manufacturing, Robotics, Earth Construction, Large-scale Additive Manufacturing
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2024/03/08 14:06

_id	ecaade2023_477
id	ecaade2023_477
authors	Ferschin, Peter, Suter, Georg, Palma, Marco, Erb, Ingrid, Hahn, David, Kovács, Bálint, Nawratil, Georg and Sharifmoghaddam, Kiumars
year	2023
title	Transformable Luminaire Design: From digital sketch to fabrication through computation and simulation
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 117–126
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.117
summary	Advanced computational design tools can help architectural and product designers to create novel and innovative designs. In this paper, we describe how advanced tools from research projects may be used together to design, simulate, and fabricate transformable luminaires. These tools support rapid design and simulation iterations to converge towards a realizable, usable and aesthetically design, which negotiates real-world constraints such as production costs, manufacturing time and material properties. We report on our experiences with integrated design and production workflows from teaching a digital design and production class, asking students to design and produce a luminaire based on a given production infrastructure. The design process starts with a conceptual part, where design intentions and basic ideas are explored with a 3D sketching tool. Students then develop parametric models by determining independent and dependent design parameters. As a required feature, the luminaire should have a transformable screen designed by a generator for flexible quad-surfaces. Real-time rendering tools allow for a fast, visual evaluation of these designs. After selecting the most suitable design regarding the design intention, students evaluate production feasibility and iteratively update their design until all production constraints are fulfilled. We describe the didactic and technical concepts and conclude with a discussion of open issues.
keywords	digital sketch, light simulation, computational fabrication, parametric design, kinetic structures, architectural education
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2023_363
id	ecaade2023_363
authors	Fleckenstein, Julia, Bertagna, Federico, Piccioni, Valeria, Fechner, Mareen, Düpree, Mia, DAcunto, Pierluigi and Dörfler, Kathrin
year	2023
title	Revisiting Breuer through Additive Manufacturing: Passive solar-control design strategies for bespoke concrete building envelope elements
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 527–538
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.527
summary	With the IBM Research Center in La Gaude, France (1960-1962), the architect Marcel Breuer pioneered a novel industrial approach towards modular construction using precast façade elements for on-site assembly, combining load-bearing and solar control functions in their configuration. This industrial production method involved a high level of standardization, which was a practical response to the need for rapid and cost-effective construction systems. However, this standardization limited the ability to create custom elements to meet specific local requirements, such as variations in solar exposure. To overcome this limitation, new methods of Additive Manufacturing in Construction (AMC) could enhance design flexibility, allowing for bespoke designs while still maintaining industrialisable production processes. This paper draws inspiration from Breuer's building design with the aim to expand the concept of element prefabrication by incorporating performance-based and locally customized design approaches supported by AMC technology. As such, the authors present the method and results of an experimental case study for multi-scale-differentiation of building envelope elements, which design was informed by solar radiation simulations and AMC-related boundary conditions. The research describes an algorithmic based design-to-production workflow combining computational design and simulation methods using geometry-based graphical methods for solar control and solar radiation simulations for form-based changes, leveraging the potential of Selective Cement Activation (SCA) as an AMC technology. The workflow was tested and evaluated on behalf of the design and additive manufacturing of a building envelope element at full building scale.
keywords	additive manufacturing in construction, performance-oriented computational design, passive solar control, climate-aware design, functional hybridization
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	caadria2023_299
id	caadria2023_299
authors	Garg, Nipun and Huang, Sheng-Yang
year	2023
title	Conjugated Materiality – Reinstating Material Circularity via Digital Twins
source	Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 705–714
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.1.705
summary	Industrial Revolution 4.0 offers an opportunity for the globe to rethink the meaning of building information that breaks the territorial borders of building information systems that are not based project-wise but follow a geopolitical structure. It expands the conventional thought process of being limited to a building to a city/ planetary urbanisation level. As a response to the new urban design theory, the paper posits an approach that amalgamates “Design for Disassembly (DFD)” and “Digital Twins” which have gained traction because of “Circular Economy” and “Industrial Revolution 4.0” respectively, to create an information framework for the urban ecology that focuses on system management rather than project management via “Material Passport (MP) 2.0”. It identifies the gaps within the existing MP and creates a foundational framework for the added information (termed “Material Strategies”) that needs to be a part of MP 2.0 that arise while working across systems by augmenting DFD and Digital Twins via the lens of materials. The material strategies are further investigated through a correlation matrix to understand their interdependency to finally create a JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)-based serialisation of materials to reinstate the material circularity and reduce the carbon emissions that the construction sector accounts for.
keywords	Design for Disassembly (DFD), Digital Twin, Material Passport (MP), Circular Economy, JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2023/06/15 23:14

_id	caadria2023_10
id	caadria2023_10
authors	Hirano, Toshiki
year	2023
title	Approximate Optimization Method for Complex Shapes Using Displacement Mapping
source	Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 81–88
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.2.081
summary	This paper proposes a method to optimize 3D models with complex shapes based on 3D scan models into data that can be machined by 3-axis digital fabrication equipment by utilizing displacement mapping technique. In contemporary architecture, the collage technique is being increasingly used, with complex digital models including 3D scanned objects being used as collaged elements without simplification. Additive manufacturing and subtractive manufacturing are the major techniques used to create these forms, but they are difficult to fabricate on 3-axis machines. This paper first discusses the technical challenges of fabricating collaged models using a 3-axis machine, then the paper proposes a method to optimize the models into data that can be fabricated by 3-axis machines by utilizing displacement mapping technique. The paper introduces two cases of art installations designed and fabricated using the method proposed in this paper and discusses how the method is applied to them. Finally, the potential of this method and challenges to be addressed for the future will be discussed.
keywords	Digital Fabrication, Displacement Mapping, 3D scanning, Photogrammetry, Geometry Optimization
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2023/06/15 23:14

_id	ascaad2023_120
id	ascaad2023_120
authors	Körükcü, Berfin
year	2023
title	A Framework Proposal for Natural Stone Processing with Robot Arm
source	C+++: Computation, Culture, and Context – Proceedings of the 11th International Conference of the Arab Society for Computation in Architecture, Art and Design (ASCAAD), University of Petra, Amman, Jordan [Hybrid Conference] 7-9 November 2023, pp. 767-779.
summary	Transforming raw stone materials into building elements and materials using traditional tools and methods has a long cultural history. As a reflection of computational design thinking, current production methods have been transferred to digital environments, making them suitable for processing and interacting with numerical machines. Physical media and production processes, which are difficult and slow to change and regulate, have been transferred to the digital environment and made programmable, changeable and open to algorithmic manipulation. The development of digital design and production methods in architecture has also paved the way for the digitalization of natural stone processing applications. Digital Fabrication methods are effective at all scales and stages of architectural processes. In subtractive methods, which is one of the digital fabrication methods, the material is shaped by subtracting parts from the main whole by cutting or milling. Processing with a robot arm is a subtractive production type, such as traditional stone carving. The process consists of the tool attached to the robot arm moving on the block. Along the path followed by the tool, the material is shaped by subtracting it according to the thickness, shape, step distance, progress speed, adjusted depth, and axis. In general, stone processing consists of two steps: rough processing that roughly removes the material layer by layer and fine processing that processes the remaining part precisely to produce a surface finish. The design of this production process creates a relationship between time and quality. At this point, simulation can be used to design the process based on the production tool before production and to provide feedback on the produced form by measuring it to the digital model after production. This study provides a comparative framework for the different processing steps of natural stone materials for robotic fabrication. The research includes collecting data on natural stone processing and robotic fabrication, drawing a framework for the geometric form to be processed, designing the stone processing process with a robotic arm, conducting simulation experiments, and analyzing simulation data. Since performing the experiments in physical would be restrictive in terms of cost and time, simulation technique was preferred. In this way, it was possible to conduct more experiments, and analyzes were strengthened.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2024/02/13 14:41

_id	sigradi2023_189
id	sigradi2023_189
authors	Liu, Yiyun, Dai, Sida, Kleiss, Michael, Alani, Mostafa and Pebryani, Nyoman
year	2023
title	Manufacturing Methodology for Precast Concrete Tiles with Morphing Shapes
source	García Amen, F, Goni Fitipaldo, A L and Armagno Gentile, Á (eds.), Accelerated Landscapes - Proceedings of the XXVII International Conference of the Ibero-American Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2023), Punta del Este, Maldonado, Uruguay, 29 November - 1 December 2023, pp. 67–78
summary	This study presents a novel, sustainable method for producing diverse concrete tiles with a reusable mould, addressing the waste issue associated with traditional tile moulds. Our digital manufacturing system, composed of a Rhino Grasshopper-based design system and an electric actuator-based kinetic mechanism, simplifies the construction process and lowers costs. The effectiveness of this method is showcased through six case studies, demonstrating its adaptability in diverse morphing tile designs, including the reinterpretation of traditional Islamic pattern. This approach opens new possibilities for the cost-effective, sustainable, and versatile use of concrete tiles in architecture.
keywords	Additive Manufacturing, Concrete, Actuated Mould, Morph, Tessellation Tile
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2024/03/08 14:06

_id	caadria2023_136
id	caadria2023_136
authors	Nix, Tamar and Sprecher, Aaron
year	2023
title	Robotic Crocheting: From Handcraft to Digital Fabrication
source	Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 191–200
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.2.191
summary	There is growing interest in incorporating digitally fabricated textiles into architecture. While most studies have addressed knitting and yarn winding, only a handful have involved crocheting. Crochet is a traditional handcraft that uses a hook to create fabric from a single yarn. Crochet is exceptional in its capability of creating seamless complex 3D shells. Despite significant progress attained in the computation of crocheting instructions, which positions it in an additive manufacturing context, a rigorous fabrication solution for crochet is still lacking. The present study examines the possibilities of applying additive manufacturing principles for adapting crochet from handcraft into digital fabrication using a robotic arm. The experimental phase focuses on toolpath design, targeting the primary steps involved in the performance of crochet stitches using a robotic arm. Initial stages include a manual scheme, using 3D-scanned pre-prepared cloth as a foundation for path design, and recording the crochet hook path in digital format. This study defines the first steps in transitioning crochet from handcraft to a robotic process and establishes the method's feasibility based on the computational design of the tool path. Robotic crochet enables the production of remarkably complex seamless 3D textiles in large-scale formats and opens the field to architectural applications.
keywords	Digital Craft, Automated Architectural Fabrication, Computational Textile Design, Textile construction, Textile Digital Fabrication
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2023/06/15 23:14

_id	sigradi2023_374
id	sigradi2023_374
authors	Pazols, Maximiliano and Raspall, Felix
year	2023
title	Terra Fibrosum: Continuous fibers reinforcement system for robotized 3d printing with earth for architecture.
source	García Amen, F, Goni Fitipaldo, A L and Armagno Gentile, Á (eds.), Accelerated Landscapes - Proceedings of the XXVII International Conference of the Ibero-American Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2023), Punta del Este, Maldonado, Uruguay, 29 November - 1 December 2023, pp. 1409–1420
summary	The growing pressure on natural resources and the increase in demand for construction materials highlight for the construction industry the relevance of opening space for constructive alternatives and materials with less environmental impact. Additive manufacturing has developed through various technologies, materials and scales. 3D printing for construction has grown significantly. An obvious challenge for this technology corresponds to the geometric-constructive solutions that involve other materials for mechanical reinforcement. This research works over the initial development of a construction system based on clay paste reinforced with vegetable ropes, which uses additive manufacturing protocols. Through constructive experiments that integrate string reinforcements into 3d print. The lines of work operate in: Design of architectural elements, Programming of constructive robotic routines, Rheological study of printable clay and fiber pastes and Design of effectors for extrusion of pastes.
keywords	Digital construction, Additive manufacturing earth (AME), Robots in architecture, 3D printing Earth construction (3DPEC).
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2024/03/08 14:08

_id	ecaade2023_292
id	ecaade2023_292
authors	Thakker, Dhruv, Hadavi, Rozhin, Raj, Nikhil, Vijayappan, Vijayalakshmi, Gupta, Honey, Meng, Jingyuan, Perutxet Olesti, Guillem, Lee, Ben, Karastathi, Nikoletta and Devadass, Pradeep
year	2023
title	Developing Feedback Based Robotic Manufacturing Method for Earth-Based Materials
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 479–488
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.479
summary	Although earth-based materials have the advantage of being locally sourced and have low embodied emissions, they can have an unpredictable material behavior due to their heterogeneous composition which potentially limits their use in manufacturing. As a result, it becomes challenging to standardise and maintain quality outcomes. Moreover, current industry methods are labour-intensive and require a high level of traditional knowledge. This research explores and develops a fabrication methodology for earthen materials that is location-agnostic. It involves an array of fabrication approaches, including the development of a robotic 'Impact Printing' setup using a UR10 robot and a custom tool to pick, place, and mechanically compact earth blocks. The 'Feedback System' employs Kinect 2.0 to scan the deformation of earth materials observed during fabrication and a computational algorithm to generate accurate and adapted toolpaths for the position and compaction of earthen blocks in real-time. To push the boundaries of architectural design for traditional building materials, the study investigates the construction of a closed Nubian vault using the aforementioned techniques and tools. Through the optimization of material behavior and manufacturing processes, the research opens up a pathway for automated onsite earth construction.
keywords	Robotic Fabrication, 3d Scanning, Adaptive Feedback System, Earth Building
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2023_353
id	ecaade2023_353
authors	van Son, Nicholas and Prado, Marshall
year	2023
title	Hybrid Thermoplastic-Composite Building Components
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 621–630
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.621
summary	The development of additive manufacturing (AM) technology has unlocked new geometric and material potentials for architecture and construction. While large-scale implementation of AM continues to be a popular research topic, the majority of projects are restricted to traditional planar layer-based printing methods. Furthermore, many modern large-scale 3D printing machines rely on heavy cementitious material, which further limits the benefits which can be gained from additive processes. These traditional printing methods restrict construction to mainly vertical walls with roof structures and overhangs posing major challenges. Robotic fabrication and materials research present opportunities for effective and efficient applications of AM in architecture. The following research takes place over several phases and explores fabrication strategies which combine AM and fiber composites to produce lightweight building components. (1) The first phase tests the material capabilities of a reinforced AM system, including the production and testing of several hybrid material systems. An emphasis is placed on sustainable alternatives to traditional concretes and polymers. (2) The second phase develops, tests, and refines hybrid material fabrication processes, which include printing on complex formwork and composite substrates. (3) Phase three includes material investigations, manufacturing processes, and geometric iterations to determine the compatibility of various recycled thermoplastics and textile/film membranes. Custom and adaptable robotic AM techniques take advantage of 9 axis fabrication to 3D print material efficient, non-planar, and geometrically differentiated components. (4) The final phase further explores and develops the geometric potential of the developed fabrication processes and material systems. Numerous building components are 3D printed and tested for structural capabilities. These components are assembled into a full-scale demonstrator which explores various architectural potentials of the system including cantilevering structures, roof systems, multi-material assemblies, joint logics, enclosure systems, and scalar limitations. This project showcases the potential for lightweight composite reinforced additive manufacturing processes for large-scale architectural applications.
keywords	Robotic Fabrication, Additive Manufacturing, Composites, Hybrid Materials, Recycled Materials, Lightweight Structures
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	acadia23_v2_482
id	acadia23_v2_482
authors	Wan, Linxiaoyi; Liu, Jingyang; Bard, Joshua; Cupkova, Dana
year	2023
title	Towards Adaptive Additive Manufacturing: Image-based Monitoring for Binder Jet 3D Printing of Coarse Composite Concrete Powders
source	ACADIA 2023: Habits of the Anthropocene: Scarcity and Abundance in a Post-Material Economy [Volume 2: Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference for the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9860805-9-8]. Denver. 26-28 October 2023. edited by A. Crawford, N. Diniz, R. Beckett, J. Vanucchi, M. Swackhamer 482-492.
summary	In the context of concrete 3D printing, this study explores the possibility of image-based monitoring for quality evaluation and improvement in powder-based binder jetting proce- dures for the use of coarse powders. The project's main goal is to create an integrated feedback loop that incorporates an image-based monitoring system into the printing process. This allows for real-time analysis for quality control and simultaneous incorpo- ration of coarse, composite powders. The overarching goal is to expand the possibility of binder jetting towards more diverse powder sources that would enable a circular economy and material reuse. This study investigates how coarser concrete powder and composite mixing ratios affect the printing process, thus laying the groundwork for the future use of hybrid materials instead of just using homogeneous standard powders. In this framework, image-based monitoring aids in more adaptive printing processes in addi- tive manufacturing, which will ultimately help us create 3D-printed structures that are produced with higher accuracy and sustainablility. These developments will also signifi- cantly impact 3D concrete printing in building applications, encouraging innovation and better performance in the additive manufacturing sector.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2024/04/17 13:59

_id	cdrf2023_503
id	cdrf2023_503
authors	Yizhuo Liu, Hao Hua
year	2023
title	Translucent Tectonics: Lightweight Floor Slab System Based on FDM Manufacturing
source	Proceedings of the 2023 DigitalFUTURES The 5st International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2023)
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8405-3_42
summary	A construction method for an FDM printed floor slab system is proposed in this paper. The integration of translucent thermoplastics and additive manufacturing enables architects to develop self-explanatory tectonics that reflect the logic and construction processes. Lightweight, transparent thermoplastics such as PET and PLA can be used in 3D printing to create visual contrast to conventional solid materials. The additive manufacturing process can improve structural behavior by controlling the material distribution. Therefore, the proposed floor slab system pursues ‘light and strong’ via using a carefully planned toolpath for FDM printing. An entire floor is subdivided into prefabricated modular components, which are then assembled using the post-tensioning method to improve the integrity and tensile strength of the floor system. A toolpath is designed based on the internal stress of the components such that the material density reflects the structural behavior of the floor slab. The material efficiency is thereby achieved by the optimized articulation. In addition, we maximize the continuity of the printing path to enhance the printing quality and reduce the manufacturing time. This construction method is applied to the renovation of a group of industrial buildings. Prototyping experiments were carried out using translucent PLA to visualize the material distribution inside modules, manifesting the design principle of “form follows performance”.
series	cdrf
email
last changed	2024/05/29 14:04

_id	ecaade2023_317
id	ecaade2023_317
authors	Zamani, Alireza, Mohseni, Alale and Bertug Çapunaman, Özgüç
year	2023
title	Reconfigurable Formwork System for Vision-Informed Conformal Robotic 3D Printing
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 387–396
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.387
summary	Robotic additive manufacturing has garnered significant research and development interest due to its transformative potential in architecture, engineering, and construction as a cost-effective, material-efficient, and energy-saving fabrication method. However, despite its potential, conventional approaches heavily depend on meticulously optimized work environments, as robotic arms possess limited information regarding their immediate surroundings (Bechthold, 2010; Bechthold & King, 2013). Furthermore, such approaches are often restricted to planar build surfaces and slicing algorithms due to computational and physical practicality, which consequently limits the feasibility of robotic solutions in scenarios involving complex geometries and materials. Building on previous work (Çapunaman et al., 2022), this research investigates conformal 3D printing of clay using a 6 degrees-of-freedom robot arm and a vision-based sensing framework on parametrically reconfigurable tensile hyperbolic paraboloid (hypar) formwork. In this paper, we present the implementation details of the formwork system, share findings from preliminary testing of the proposed workflow, and demonstrate application feasibility through a design exercise that aims to fabricate unique components for a poly-hypar surface structure. The formwork system also offers parametric control over generating complex, non-planar tensile surfaces to be printed on. Within the scope of this workflow, the vision-based sensing framework is employed to generate a digital twin informing iterative tuning of the formwork geometry and conformal toolpath planning on scanned geometries. Additionally, we utilized the augmented fabrication framework to observe and analyze deformations in the printed clay body that occurs during air drying. The proposed workflow, in conjunction with the vision-based sensing framework and the reconfigurable formwork, aims to minimize time and material waste in custom formwork fabrication and printing support materials for complex geometric panels and shell structures.
keywords	Robotic Fabrication, Conformal 3D Printing, Additive Manufacturing, Computer-Vision, Reconfigurable Formwork
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	caadria2023_373
id	caadria2023_373
authors	Zhou, Xinjie, Gong, Lei and Yuan*, Philip F.
year	2023
title	A Large Scale 3D Printing Method for Skeletonized Surfaces Based on Graph Theory
source	Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 221–230
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.2.221
summary	For large-scale Additive manufacturing, while manufacturing thin nonplanar components by printing contours, the printing direction is often perpendicular to the surface, so the components cannot have complex topological features. At the same time, large-scale additive manufacturing is difficult to achieve skeletonized patterns due to the nozzle size and material limitations. Most of the existing printing methods for skeletonized structure use the level set method, which is difficult to adapt to thin shells. This paper introduces a new printing method for 3D printing skeletonized surfaces. The method uses a graph-theoretic approach to plan the printing path, combining the size of the nozzle and the structure of the surface, to enable the printing of surfaces with complex topological features. A 3D printing case is used to verify and prove the practicality of the method. Experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper can effectively solve the problem of printing skeletonized hyperbolic shells and can achieve a continuous printing path. However, there is still room for improvement in many areas of the method to improve print quality.
keywords	graph theory, continuous toolpath, additive manufacturing, shell structure
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2023/06/15 23:14

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