Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	sigradi2023_63
id	sigradi2023_63
authors	Cambise, Vincenzo, Valdes, Francisco and Quitral-Zapata, Francisco
year	2023
title	Martian Modular Shielding Optimization Prototype
source	García Amen, F, Goni Fitipaldo, A L and Armagno Gentile, Á (eds.), Accelerated Landscapes - Proceedings of the XXVII International Conference of the Ibero-American Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2023), Punta del Este, Maldonado, Uruguay, 29 November - 1 December 2023, pp. 1645–1654
summary	An ionizing radiation resistant structure is proposed to complement an inflatable habitat on the surface of Mars. The proposal is based on a modular construction system using in-situ resources (ISRU) such as regolith-based concrete and high-density polyethylene (HDPE). These materials are proposed to develop a series of modular multi-layered structural components to mitigate the radiation received by the habitat. Simultaneously, a site selection criterion and a shielding optimization algorithm are proposed as radiation mitigation measures. To test these measures, several radiobiological analyses were performed on the OLTARIS platform to evaluate the measured dosimetry inside the habitat in different configurations. The shielding modules are interconnected by snap or friction connections to facilitate the assembly and disassembly process. Overall, the combined radiation shielding measures showed a reliable performance alongside the structural results of the finite element analysis (FEA), suggesting acceptable radiation dosimetry and construction feasibility.
keywords	Programming Cultures, Modular construction, Radiation optimization, Catenary shell, Martian habitat
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2024/03/08 14:09

_id	ijac202321106
id	ijac202321106
authors	Stojanovic, Djordje; Milica Vujovic; Yi Ding; Milan Katic
year	2023
title	Context-aware module for evaporative cooling in the outdoor built environment
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing 2023, Vol. 21 - no. 1, pp. 100–119
summary	This paper introduces modular and context-aware evaporative cooling for the outdoor urban environment as a physical structure that could be implemented at various scales and physical contexts. We propose a technique for collecting occupancy and climatic data to create a computational context and optimise its operation. We then outline a concept for developing a predictive algorithm that would further enhance its performance. The research focuses on the interaction between the proposed system and the environment and establishes an evidence-based technique to balance the temperature drop and the humidity it generates. The study combines architectural design, mechanical engineering and computer science to enable the upscaled application of evaporative cooling to help reduce local heat accumulation in cities
keywords	responsive environments, evaporative cooling, mechatronics, occupancy detection, human-building interaction, evidence-based design
series	journal
last changed	2024/04/17 14:30

_id	ecaade2023_422
id	ecaade2023_422
authors	Amtsberg, Felix, Yang, Xiliu, Skoury, Lior, Sousa Calepso, Aimée, Sedlmair, Michael, Wortmann, Thomas and Menges, Achim
year	2023
title	Multi-Actor Fabrication for Digital Timber Construction
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.417
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 417–426
summary	The research presented in this paper focusses on the prefabrication of wood building systems using human craft and robotic machines as equal actors in collaborative fabrication processes. It uses self-developed components such as a data managing framework system to generate and exchange fabrication data between the design elements and the fabrication environment. Human robot collaboration via augmented reality (AR) technology is facilitated through a software framework and applied in the prefabrication of timber structures. Based on previous research, this iteration uses the concept of multi-actor fabrication and extends the number of human actors in the fabrication process. A case study was conducted for the collaborative fabrication of a timber structure. Five actors (four humans and one 7-axis robotic system) received instructions based on their individual skill set and collectively manufactured a timber structure in an organized workflow.
keywords	Human-Robot Collaboration, Augmented Reality, Multi-Actor Fabrication, Timber Construction
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	acadia23_v2_54
id	acadia23_v2_54
authors	Bedarf, Patrick; Jeoffroy, Etienne; Dillenburger, Benjamin
year	2023
title	Airlements: A Lightweight and Insulating Monolithic Wall System made with Foam 3D Printing
source	ACADIA 2023: Habits of the Anthropocene: Scarcity and Abundance in a Post-Material Economy [Volume 2: Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference for the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9891764-0-3]. Denver. 26-28 October 2023. edited by A. Crawford, N. Diniz, R. Beckett, J. Vanucchi, M. Swackhamer 54-60.
summary	oam 3D printing investigates additive manufacturing of porous construction materials for novel lightweight and insulating building components. It leverages the opportunities of automated, moldless fabrication that can reduce waste, hazardous labor, and costs for material-efficient, geometrically-optimized, and previously cost-prohibitive structures. Moreover, the thermal resistance of porous materials addresses the insulation perfor- mance of building elements and can help to reduce the operational energy consumption of buildings. Airlements is the largest demonstrator produced in this research using cement-free, geopolymer-based mineral foams made from industrial waste. The two-meter-tall struc- ture composed of four stacked segments explores the advantages of lightweight manual assembly for monolithic non-structural walls. A finish made from cement-free spray plaster completes the facade system. This paper presents the advancements in the robotic 3D-printing setup, the demonstrator design and fabrication, and discusses the advantages and challenges of this novel method. In light of the gaining popularity of large-scale 3D printing, particularly with concrete, this study contributes to the body of work with alternative materials that can improve the sustainability and building physics performance of innovative building elements.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2024/12/20 09:12

_id	acadia23_v2_118
id	acadia23_v2_118
authors	Bindlish, Stuti; M. Marji, Zaid; Aghaei Meibodi, Mania
year	2023
title	Cavity Shell: Sequential Cast-in-Place Method to Create Compression-Only Structures with Ultra-Thin Additively Manufactured Formwork Assemblies
source	ACADIA 2023: Habits of the Anthropocene: Scarcity and Abundance in a Post-Material Economy [Volume 2: Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference for the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9891764-0-3]. Denver. 26-28 October 2023. edited by A. Crawford, N. Diniz, R. Beckett, J. Vanucchi, M. Swackhamer 118-128.
summary	A compression-only structure's impressive strength-to-weight ratio allows it to span large spaces using significantly less material. However, prefabricated masonry or concrete components used to construct compression-only structures are prone to damage during handling and transportation, and contribute to CO2 emissions. Additionally, assembling these components requires heavy falsework, which results in material wastage and increased construction costs. This research paper presents an alternative approach to constructing compression-only structures by introducing a new, in-situ construction approach based on coupling 3D-printed, ultra-lightweight plastic formwork and sequential casting of the formwork in compression on site. This is achieved through developing: 1) a new construction method based on the assembly of lightweight, 3D printed plastic form- work in compression-only form, which is then sequentially cast with concrete in place; 2) an integrative formwork system informed by structural and casting logics (i.e., flowability, the height of the casting point in relation to hydrostatic pressure, placement of formwork interface in alignment to internal forces in the structure; and 3) a parametric model for translating force-form diagram to integrative formwork. To verify this research method, Cavity Shell, a 1:1 scale compression-only table leg structure, measuring 1.4 meters in radius and 0.8 meters in height, was designed and built (Figure 1). This ultra-lightweight formwork took less than 48 hours to assemble, and was sequentially cast by two people. This research demonstrates the potential to rethink the construction of compression-only structures by minimizing the material used, and improving economic and environmental efficiency in their construction life cycle.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2024/12/20 09:12

_id	acadia23_v2_104
id	acadia23_v2_104
authors	Brandiæ Lipiñska, Monika; Dade-Robertson, Martyn; Zhang, Meng
year	2023
title	Space Architecture, Biotechnology, and Parametric Processes: Design through Assembly, Growth, and Fabrication Parameters in an Iterative Feedback Loop
source	ACADIA 2023: Habits of the Anthropocene: Scarcity and Abundance in a Post-Material Economy [Volume 2: Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference for the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9891764-0-3]. Denver. 26-28 October 2023. edited by A. Crawford, N. Diniz, R. Beckett, J. Vanucchi, M. Swackhamer 104-115.
summary	Resource scarcity in extraterrestrial environments, like the Moon or Mars, imposes limitations on construction, necessitating resource and energy optimization. To respond to these challenges, this paper explores the development of a parametric framework, bridging the fields of space architecture, biotechnology, and parametric processes, allowing for the development of energy and resource-efficient structural components. The foundation for the framework is built upon ongoing research conducted in collabo- ration with NASA Ames Research Center, focusing on a mycelium-based aggregation of Martian regolith for construction. Due to the nature of the material and targeted environ- ment, the proposed parametrization process is based on specific assembly, growth, and fabrication requirements. The framework incorporates a feedback loop between design, computational simulation, and physical testing. The interaction of multiple systems, imple- mented through an iterative process and hybrid design approaches, enable continuous design refinement. These systems incorporate inputs from the interconnected disciplines that pose challenges when evaluated separately. The paper recognizes the challenge of identifying crucial parameters and implicit actions, and bridging the gap between theory and implementation. It calls for further work on programming the parametrization frame- work, and integrating computational simulations and data evaluation. In emphasizing the interdisciplinary nature of future space exploration and architecture, this paper under- scores the significance of integrating diverse disciplines and technologies.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2024/12/20 09:12

_id	ecaade2023_210
id	ecaade2023_210
authors	Buyukmihci, Kaan and Yazici, Sevil
year	2023
title	A Generative Design Model for Demolition Waste Reuse
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.079
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 79–86
summary	Inefficient resource management and excessive consumption of resources have led to the depletion of natural resources and increased waste in landfills, as the construction industry being a major contributor to global waste with construction and demolition waste making up a significant portion of it. It is critical to find alternatives for reintegration and reuse of the construction. By incorporating recycled aggregates from demolition waste with rammed-earth, it is possible to generate a durable, healthy, highly reusable and sustainable alternative to the common building materials that have serious environmental impacts. This study takes previous research about the recycled aggregate incorporated rammed earth further with a design approach that uses a generative system that follows the rules based on the function, context and material. Final design is chosen from the generated design alternatives and the modules required for the production are prepared with the mixture of recycled-aggregate, cement and fly ash. Then the modules are combined with an interlocking system that offers a convenient, laborless production process. We aim to promote the wider use of the earthen structures by re-interpreting the design and production process by generating design alternatives with modules driven by shape grammars for the recycled-aggregate based rammed earth.
keywords	Demolition Waste, Reuse, Rammed-earth, Generative Design, Shape Grammars
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	acadia23_v2_282
id	acadia23_v2_282
authors	Casalnuovo, Gianluca; Zanetti, Erik; Haußer, Tamara; Dörstelmann, Moritz; La Magna, Riccardo
year	2023
title	Digital Structural Design for Natural Composites: A Case Study of Willow-Earth Hybrid Construction
source	ACADIA 2023: Habits of the Anthropocene: Scarcity and Abundance in a Post-Material Economy [Volume 2: Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference for the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9891764-0-3]. Denver. 26-28 October 2023. edited by A. Crawford, N. Diniz, R. Beckett, J. Vanucchi, M. Swackhamer 282-292.
summary	As natural resources become increasingly scarce, it becomes crucial to seek solutions that promote circularity and sustainability. Embracing local materials and reinterpreting traditional architectural systems can help align the design of construction systems with these principles. Computational design methods can play a pivotal role in facilitating a transformative approach that supports the development of alternative material systems, their industrialization, and widespread adoption. This paper presents a computational design method for the structural development of a willow-earth composite construction system, aiming to advance the implementation of fully circular and waste-free building techniques through digital construction technologies. The research uses structural principles as a guiding factor for the development of the material system, and employs an integrative co-design approach to manage the reciprocal relationships between structural performance, material system behavior, and fabrication processes. By capitalizing on the advantageous interaction between willow and earth, a material system based on compres- sion-tension dualism is developed. This is achieved through digital studies of mechanical properties and computational analyses that inform the distribution, orientation, and gradation of the materials. The research incorporates feedback loops across multiple disciplines, both digital and analog, enabling a simultaneous consideration of the under- lying correlations. The research showcases the potential to expand the design possibilities for structures constructed with earth and willow composite materials. Through a distinc- tive digital workflow, it presents new avenues for sustainable and circular construction methods. The outcomes are illustrated through digital studies and a full-scale research demonstrator, providing tangible evidence of the research's advancements.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2024/12/20 09:12

_id	caadria2023_191
id	caadria2023_191
authors	Chao, Chia-Hsuan and Yanagawa, Kane
year	2023
title	Bending-Active Metal Panel Deformation – Control Through Computational Simulation and Pattern Development
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.2.201
source	Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 201–210
summary	This paper aims to complement the discourse of bending-active systems by exploring a related design strategy, form-approximation. The authors explore the said strategy through analysing bending-active plate systems and commenting on its advantages and disadvantages based on physical prototype experiments and a self-built case study. Previous research has revealed that form-finding and form-conversion have their unique characteristics respectively. The authors demonstrate a new strategy of modelling the Miura origami pattern into a representation of bending-active plates and to convert the desired shape into a pattern-sewed bending-active plate construction through linear regression. The physical prototypes and fabrication experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the form-approximation method and present a newly emerging strategy for the design and fabrication of bending-active systems.
keywords	Bending Active, Material System, Digital Fabrication, Computational Simulation, Miura Fold
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2023/06/15 23:14

_id	ecaade2023_138
id	ecaade2023_138
authors	Crolla, Kristof and Wong, Nichol
year	2023
title	Catenary Wooden Roof Structures: Precedent knowledge for future algorithmic design and construction optimisation
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.611
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 611–620
summary	The timber industry is expanding, including construction wood product applications such as glue-laminated wood products (R. Sikkema et al., 2023). To boost further utilisation of engineered wood products in architecture, further development and optimisation of related tectonic systems is required. Integration of digital design technologies in this endeavour presents opportunities for a more performative and spatially diverse architecture production, even in construction contexts typified by limited means and/or resources. This paper reports on historic precedent case study research that informs an ongoing larger study focussing on novel algorithmic methods for the design and production of lightweight, large-span, catenary glulam roof structures. Given their structural operation in full tension, catenary-based roof structures substantially reduce material needs when compared with those relying on straight beams (Wong and Crolla, 2019). Yet, the manufacture of their non-standard geometries typically requires costly bespoke hardware setups, having resulted in recent projects trending away from the more spatially engaging geometric experiments of the second half of the 20th century. The study hypothesis that the evolutionary design optimisation of this tectonic system has the potential to re-open and expand its practically available design solution space. This paper covers the review of a range of built projects employing catenary glulam roof system, starting from seminal historic precedents like the Festival Hall for the Swiss National Exhibition EXPO 1964 (A. Lozeron, Swiss, 1964) and the Wilkhahn Pavilions (Frei Otto, Germany, 1987), to contemporary examples, including the Grandview Heights Aquatic Centre (HCMA Architecture + Design, Canada, 2016). It analysis their structural concept, geometric and spatial complexity, fabrication and assembly protocols, applied construction detailing solutions, and more, with as aim to identify methods, tools, techniques, and construction details that can be taken forward in future research aimed at minimising construction complexity. Findings from this precedent study form the basis for the evolutionary-algorithmic design and construction method development that is part of the larger study. By expanding the tectonic system’s practically applicable architecture design solution space and facilitating architects’ access to a low-tech producible, spatially versatile, lightweight, eco-friendly, wooden roof structure typology, this study contributes to environmentally sustainable building.
keywords	Precedent Studies, Light-weight architecture, Timber shell, Catenary, Algorithmic Optimisation, Glue-laminated timber
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ijac202321406
id	ijac202321406
authors	da Silva Ruiz, Paulo Roberto; Claudia Maria de Almeida, Marcos Benedito Schimalski, Veraldo Liesenberg and Edson Aparecido Mitishita
year	2023
title	Multi-approach integration of ALS and TLS point clouds for a 3-D building modeling at LoD3
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing 2023, Vol. 21 - no. 4, 652-678
summary	Registering, documenting, updating, revitalizing, expanding, and renovating old urban buildings require proper documentation. The adoption of 3D survey techniques is essential to grant efficiency and agility to such purposes. This article discusses a multi-approach integration of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data collected by aerial and terrestrial platforms, meant for the 3D modeling of a building at Level of Detail 3. The selected building presents challenging elements for modeling, such as blocks with different heights and indented facades. It is located on the campus of the Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) in Curitiba, Brazil, on a site with irregular terrain and surrounded by trees, what made the terrestrial laser scanning process difficult. For its three-dimensional reconstruction, data from an Aerial Laser Scanning system were integrated with data from a Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS). Based on the 3D modeling, an as-is Building Information Modeling model of the building’s exterior was created. To validate the results, measurements of the building were obtained by means of an Electronic Distance Measurement (EDM) device and they were then compared with measurements extracted from the point cloud-based BIM model. The results demonstrate that there was a correspondence between the EDM and the LiDAR-derived measures, attaining a satisfactory statistical agreement. The article focuses on the accuracy of LiDAR models for the cadastral update of buildings, providing information for decision making in documentation projects and construction interventions. The main contribution of this work consists in a multi-approach workflow for delivering an effective and precise solution for accomplishing an as-is BIM documentation, highlighting advantages, drawbacks, and the potential of this set of methods for integrating multi-source LiDAR point clouds.
keywords	3D Modelling, BIM, Aerial Laser Scanner, Terrestrial Laser Scanner, LiDAR
series	journal
last changed	2024/04/17 14:30

_id	ecaade2023_000
id	ecaade2023_000
authors	Dokonal, Wolfgang, Hirschberg, Urs and Wurzer, Gabriel
year	2023
title	eCAADe 2023 Digital Design Reconsidered - Volume 1
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.001
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, 905 p.
summary	The conference logo is a bird’s eye view of spiral stairs that join and separate – an homage to the famous double spiral staircase in Graz, a tourist attraction of this city and a must-see for any architecturally minded visitor. Carved out of limestone, the medieval construction of the original is a daring feat of masonry as well as a symbolic gesture. The design speaks of separation and reconciliation: The paths of two people that climb the double spiral stairs separate and then meet again at each platform. The relationship between architectural design and the growing digital repertoire of tools and possibilities seems to undergo similar cycles of attraction and rejection: enthusiasm about digital innovations – whether in Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, Energy Design, Robotic Fabrication, the many Dimensions of BIM or, as right now, in AI and Machine Learning – is typically followed by a certain disillusionment and a realization that the promises were somewhat overblown. But a turn away from these digital innovations can only be temporary. In our call for papers we refer to the first and second ‘digital turns’, a term Mario Carpo coined. Yes, it’s a bit of a pun, but you could indeed see these digital turns in our logo as well. Carpo would probably agree that design and the digital have become inseparably intertwined. While they may be circling in different directions, an innovative rejoinder is always just around the corner. The theme of the conference asked participants to re-consider the relationship between Design and the Digital. The notion of a cycle is already present in the syllable “re”. Indeed, 20 years earlier, in 2003, we held an ECAADE conference in Graz simply under the title “Digital Design” and our re-using – or is it re-cycling? – the theme can be seen as the completion of one of those cycles described above: One level up, we meet again, we’ve come full circle. The question of the relationship between Design and the Digital is still in flux, still worthy of renewed consideration. There is a historical notion implicit in the theme. To reconsider something, one needs to take a step back, to look into the past as well as into the future. Indeed, at this conference we wanted to take a longer view, something not done often enough in the fast-paced world of digital technology. Carefully considering one’s past can be a source of inspiration. In fact, the double spiral stair that inspired our conference logo also inspired many architects through the ages. Konrad Wachsmann, for example, is said to have come up with his famous Grapevine assembly system based on this double spiral stair and its intricate joinery. More recently, Rem Koolhaas deemed the double spiral staircase in Graz important enough to include a detailed model of it in his “elements of architecture” exhibition at the Venice Biennale in 2014. Our interpretation of the stair is a typically digital one, you might say. First of all: it’s a rendering of a virtual model; it only exists inside a computer. Secondly, this virtual model isn’t true to the original. Instead, it does what the digital has made so easy to do: it exaggerates. Where the original has just two spiral stairs that separate and join, our model consists of countless stairs that are joined in this way. We see only a part of the model, but the stairs appear to continue in all directions. The implication is of an endless field of spiral stairs. As the 3D model was generated with a parametric script, it would be very easy to change all parameters of it – including the number of stairs that make it up. Everyone at this conference is familiar with the concept of parametric design: it makes generating models of seemingly endless amounts of connected spiral stairs really easy. Although, of course, if we’re too literal about the term ‘endless’, generating our stair model will eventually crash even the most advanced computers. We know that, too. – That's another truth about the Digital: it makes a promise of infinity, which, in the end, it can’t keep. And even if it could: what’s the point of just adding more of the same: more variations, more options, more possible ways to get lost? Doesn’t the original double spiral staircase contain all those derivatives already? Don’t we know that ‘more’ isn’t necessarily better? In the original double spiral stair the happy end is guaranteed: the lovers’ paths meet at the top as well as when they exit the building. Therefore, the stair is also colloquially known as the Busserlstiege (the kissing stair) or the Versöhnungsstiege (reconciliation stair). In our digitally enhanced version, this outcome is no longer clear: we can choose between multiple directions at each level and we risk losing sight of the one we were with. This is also emblematic of our field of research. eCAADe was founded to promote “good practice and sharing information in relation to the use of computers in research and education in architecture and related professions” (see ecaade.org). That may have seemed a straightforward proposition forty years ago, when the association was founded. A look at the breadth and depth of research topics presented and discussed at this conference (and as a consequence in this book, for which you’re reading the editorial) shows how the field has developed over these forty years. There are sessions on Digital Design Education, on Digital Fabrication, on Virtual Reality, on Virtual Heritage, on Generative Design and Machine Learning, on Digital Cities, on Simulation and Digital Twins, on BIM, on Sustainability, on Circular Design, on Design Theory and on Digital Design Experimentations. We hope you will find what you’re looking for in this book and at the conference – and maybe even more than that: surprising turns and happy encounters between Design and the Digital.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2023_001
id	ecaade2023_001
authors	Dokonal, Wolfgang, Hirschberg, Urs and Wurzer, Gabriel
year	2023
title	eCAADe 2023 Digital Design Reconsidered - Volume 2
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.001
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, 899 p.
summary	The conference logo is a bird’s eye view of spiral stairs that join and separate – an homage to the famous double spiral staircase in Graz, a tourist attraction of this city and a must-see for any architecturally minded visitor. Carved out of limestone, the medieval construction of the original is a daring feat of masonry as well as a symbolic gesture. The design speaks of separation and reconciliation: The paths of two people that climb the double spiral stairs separate and then meet again at each platform. The relationship between architectural design and the growing digital repertoire of tools and possibilities seems to undergo similar cycles of attraction and rejection: enthusiasm about digital innovations – whether in Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, Energy Design, Robotic Fabrication, the many Dimensions of BIM or, as right now, in AI and Machine Learning – is typically followed by a certain disillusionment and a realization that the promises were somewhat overblown. But a turn away from these digital innovations can only be temporary. In our call for papers we refer to the first and second ‘digital turns’, a term Mario Carpo coined. Yes, it’s a bit of a pun, but you could indeed see these digital turns in our logo as well. Carpo would probably agree that design and the digital have become inseparably intertwined. While they may be circling in different directions, an innovative rejoinder is always just around the corner. The theme of the conference asked participants to re-consider the relationship between Design and the Digital. The notion of a cycle is already present in the syllable “re”. Indeed, 20 years earlier, in 2003, we held an ECAADE conference in Graz simply under the title “Digital Design” and our re-using – or is it re-cycling? – the theme can be seen as the completion of one of those cycles described above: One level up, we meet again, we’ve come full circle. The question of the relationship between Design and the Digital is still in flux, still worthy of renewed consideration. There is a historical notion implicit in the theme. To reconsider something, one needs to take a step back, to look into the past as well as into the future. Indeed, at this conference we wanted to take a longer view, something not done often enough in the fast-paced world of digital technology. Carefully considering one’s past can be a source of inspiration. In fact, the double spiral stair that inspired our conference logo also inspired many architects through the ages. Konrad Wachsmann, for example, is said to have come up with his famous Grapevine assembly system based on this double spiral stair and its intricate joinery. More recently, Rem Koolhaas deemed the double spiral staircase in Graz important enough to include a detailed model of it in his “elements of architecture” exhibition at the Venice Biennale in 2014. Our interpretation of the stair is a typically digital one, you might say. First of all: it’s a rendering of a virtual model; it only exists inside a computer. Secondly, this virtual model isn’t true to the original. Instead, it does what the digital has made so easy to do: it exaggerates. Where the original has just two spiral stairs that separate and join, our model consists of countless stairs that are joined in this way. We see only a part of the model, but the stairs appear to continue in all directions. The implication is of an endless field of spiral stairs. As the 3D model was generated with a parametric script, it would be very easy to change all parameters of it – including the number of stairs that make it up. Everyone at this conference is familiar with the concept of parametric design: it makes generating models of seemingly endless amounts of connected spiral stairs really easy. Although, of course, if we’re too literal about the term ‘endless’, generating our stair model will eventually crash even the most advanced computers. We know that, too. – That's another truth about the Digital: it makes a promise of infinity, which, in the end, it can’t keep. And even if it could: what’s the point of just adding more of the same: more variations, more options, more possible ways to get lost? Doesn’t the original double spiral staircase contain all those derivatives already? Don’t we know that ‘more’ isn’t necessarily better? In the original double spiral stair the happy end is guaranteed: the lovers’ paths meet at the top as well as when they exit the building. Therefore, the stair is also colloquially known as the Busserlstiege (the kissing stair) or the Versöhnungsstiege (reconciliation stair). In our digitally enhanced version, this outcome is no longer clear: we can choose between multiple directions at each level and we risk losing sight of the one we were with. This is also emblematic of our field of research. eCAADe was founded to promote “good practice and sharing information in relation to the use of computers in research and education in architecture and related professions” (see ecaade.org). That may have seemed a straightforward proposition forty years ago, when the association was founded. A look at the breadth and depth of research topics presented and discussed at this conference (and as a consequence in this book, for which you’re reading the editorial) shows how the field has developed over these forty years. There are sessions on Digital Design Education, on Digital Fabrication, on Virtual Reality, on Virtual Heritage, on Generative Design and Machine Learning, on Digital Cities, on Simulation and Digital Twins, on BIM, on Sustainability, on Circular Design, on Design Theory and on Digital Design Experimentations. We hope you will find what you’re looking for in this book and at the conference – and maybe even more than that: surprising turns and happy encounters between Design and the Digital.
series	eCAADe
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2024/08/29 08:36

_id	cdrf2023_51
id	cdrf2023_51
authors	Ekin Sila Sahin, Daniel Locatelli, Luis Orozco, Anna Krtschil, Hans Jakob Wagner, Achim Menges, Jan Knippers
year	2023
title	Feedback-Based Design Method for Spatially-Informed and Structurally-Performative Column Placement in Multi-Story Construction
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8405-3_5
source	Proceedings of the 2023 DigitalFUTURES The 5st International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2023)
summary	This paper presents a feedback-based computational method for the placement of columns in the early design phase of complex multi-story structures. The method integrates a circle packing algorithm, a spring system, and structural engineering simulations within a single script for the reciprocal and informed arrangement of columns in the space. While allowing the users to have an explorative approach, it empowers diverse potentials in multi-story constructions including additional cantilevering spaces around the boundary, increased spatial qualities with large span possibilities, multidirectional structural arrangements, and multi-purpose use of space. As a result, the developed algorithm allows for flexibility by leveraging the design possibilities of grid-based and irregular column arrangements and promotes the integration of structural and design-related constraints in the spatial organization of various building typologies.
series	cdrf
email
last changed	2024/05/29 14:04

_id	cdrf2023_260
id	cdrf2023_260
authors	Gao Xinting, Zhuang Weimin
year	2023
title	Apply Digital-Twin Model to Optimize the Planning of Equipment Pipeline System in the Laboratory Campus
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8405-3_22
source	Proceedings of the 2023 DigitalFUTURES The 5st International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2023)
summary	Building Information Modeling plays an important role in laboratory design. The reasonable layout of the outdoor equipment pipeline is the key to supporting the efficient operation of the laboratory, increasing the flexibility of the laboratory space module, and planning a holistic smart campus space. However, the traditional BIM model lacks convenient visualization and interoperability in the early stage of the program and may lead to inconsistency. This paper aims to propose an integrated visual optimization model toolkit of the equipment and piping using the Rhino+Grasshopper platform. Based on this digital-twin model, the horizontal and vertical space required for the outdoor equipment piping system can be quickly calculated in the site planning stage. The workflow improves the efficiency and accuracy of equipment pipeline system design and reduces multiple design changes. After verifying the validity of the model through two virtual scenarios, it was demonstrated in a real laboratory campus. In the construction drawing stage, the toolkit was used to check whether the interspace of different professional pipeline meets the requirements. This paper expands the design concept, emphasizes the coupling relationship between pipelines and building space, and integrates the experimental and building space concepts throughout the design process.
series	cdrf
email
last changed	2024/05/29 14:04

_id	caadria2023_299
id	caadria2023_299
authors	Garg, Nipun and Huang, Sheng-Yang
year	2023
title	Conjugated Materiality – Reinstating Material Circularity via Digital Twins
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.1.705
source	Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 705–714
summary	Industrial Revolution 4.0 offers an opportunity for the globe to rethink the meaning of building information that breaks the territorial borders of building information systems that are not based project-wise but follow a geopolitical structure. It expands the conventional thought process of being limited to a building to a city/ planetary urbanisation level. As a response to the new urban design theory, the paper posits an approach that amalgamates “Design for Disassembly (DFD)” and “Digital Twins” which have gained traction because of “Circular Economy” and “Industrial Revolution 4.0” respectively, to create an information framework for the urban ecology that focuses on system management rather than project management via “Material Passport (MP) 2.0”. It identifies the gaps within the existing MP and creates a foundational framework for the added information (termed “Material Strategies”) that needs to be a part of MP 2.0 that arise while working across systems by augmenting DFD and Digital Twins via the lens of materials. The material strategies are further investigated through a correlation matrix to understand their interdependency to finally create a JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)-based serialisation of materials to reinstate the material circularity and reduce the carbon emissions that the construction sector accounts for.
keywords	Design for Disassembly (DFD), Digital Twin, Material Passport (MP), Circular Economy, JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2023/06/15 23:14

_id	ecaade2023_326
id	ecaade2023_326
authors	Gaudreault, Grégoire and Nejur, Andrei
year	2023
title	Heteromorph
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.059
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 59–68
summary	Whereas on a global scale, more than one billion people live in precarious housing situations, many construction materials are often sent to landfill sites or, worse, burned. However, these rejected materials represent a richness whose reallocation would lead to a significant economy of resources. Therefore, reusing materials from the construction industry could eventually be part of the solution. In this paper, we will present the results of a study carried out within the framework of a master's thesis project, which attempts to establish an architectural response to this issue. The proposed solution involves a constructive system that allows the assembly of temporary shelters using a wide range of reclaimed materials. This approach implies the use of digital tools to generate a form resulting from the analysis of locally salvaged materials. The algorithm developed in this project can generate multiple formal configurations optimized for the available resources. Any shape obtained in this manner will be composed of a low number (3-5) of unique edge lengths. This rationalization strategy also limits the unique triangle typologies in the structure to a manageable number. The different elements, whether planar or linear, are then joined using low-tech metal nodes that can be easily assembled and disassembled. Because the standardized edge lengths and triangle types are compatible, the proposed workflow unlocks mixed material reuse for complex reticular structures. The resulting flexibility allows for several variations or even a partial or complete reconfiguration of the initial shape, thus further supporting the implementation of the circular economy principles for the construction of complex architectural structures.
keywords	Urban Mining, Temporary Shelters, Reclaimed Material, Low-tech, Kit-based Design, Circular Economy, Participatory Architecture, Material Optimization, Reconfigurable Structures, Material Reuse
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2023_258
id	ecaade2023_258
authors	Hong, Soon Min, Kim, Geunjae, Gu, Hyeongmo, Kim, Taehoon and Choo, Seungyeon
year	2023
title	Development of Building Component Combination Algorithms for Generative Design-based DfMA Applications
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.207
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 207–216
summary	The AEC industry faces challenges such as low productivity, high carbon emissions, labor shortages, and construction site accidents. To address these issues, the industry focuses on MMC and DfMA based on BIM. This research paper develops building component combination algorithms for generative design-based applications. Using GD, the proposed method optimises the layout and selection of building components while considering construction costs and a specified budget range. A case study of a five-component building system with four types of components demonstrates the method's ability to generate diverse design alternatives. Designers can efficiently explore and evaluate these alternatives based on economic and design criteria. However, the method has limitations, such as the exclusion of MEP facilities as GD parameters and the focus on optimising the budget as a single goal. Nevertheless, this study lays the foundation for applying DfMA in the early design stage and utilizing GD technology in construction projects.
keywords	DfMA, OSC, Generative Design, Optimisation
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	caadria2023_204
id	caadria2023_204
authors	Izumi, Tomoya and Toyoda, Keisuke
year	2023
title	Systematic Review of Organizing the Data Flow of Systems Using Building Information Modeling and Distributed Ledger Technology
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.1.687
source	Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 687–694
summary	As the digitalization in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry has been rapidly progressing, building end users will require more coverage of quality data for their built environment. Despite its obvious need, it is seldom for the building information modeling (BIM) to be distributed for such broad use cases thus far. A potential reason for the situation is the lack of the public repository that can provide the adequate access control for various users. Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT), including blockchain, is one of the promising resolutions for the problem. Numbers of preceding proposals for DLT-based BIM repository systems (BIM-DLT system) have proved the utility to date. Understanding the statistical facts of their configurations will become a significant assistance to determine the plausible data distribution system, and thus, to strengthen the project information life cycle. This article aims to build a representative framework through the integrated literature review (ILR). The review results showed that the system’s data flow was classified into two patterns. The judgment criteria for selecting the pattern of the system are expected to depend on the purpose of system implementation, and the purpose of automation through smart contracts is more important than the oracle problem.
keywords	Building Information Modeling (BIM), Blockchain, Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT), Integrated Literature Review (ILR)
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2023/06/15 23:14

_id	ecaade2023_451
id	ecaade2023_451
authors	Karimian-Aliabadi, Hamed, Adelzadeh, Amin, Ahlund, Karl and Robeller, Christopher
year	2023
title	Structural Efficiency of a Hybrid Construction System for a Lightweight Timber Shell Demonstrator: ReciprocalShell case study
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.661
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 661–668
summary	This paper evaluates the structural performance of an innovative hybrid timber system for design and construction of the robotically-fabricated shell structures. The timber system combines two configurations: hexagonal and reciprocal. While the first timber configuration generates the main skeleton of the shell based on the discretization of the input surface, the second configuration enables the cross-bracing within each hexagonal cassette. Joining the cross-bracing elements in the center of the cassettes with a reciprocal node not only resists the deformation of hexagonal cassettes and displacement of elements, but also allows for a more uniform distribution of loads that increases the structural capacity of the timber system, enabling the shell to withstand higher compression and tension forces. The joint system uses the wooden splines and screws to align and reinforce the edge connections, as well as the bolts to fasten the neighboring hexagonal cassettes. The construction system is applied to a case study of a medium-scale shell demonstrator with a maximum span of 7.5 meters that is structurally optimized by form-finding methods. The paper presents a detailed structural analysis including the Finite Element Method (FEM) results, as well as the experimental load test that is carried out to verify the validity and accuracy of the structural calculations.
keywords	Hybrid Timber System, Reciprocal Shell, Structural Analysis, Experimental Load Test, RFEM
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

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