Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	sigradi2023_439
id	sigradi2023_439
authors	Chornobai, Sara Regiane, Paiva Ponzio, Angelica, Miotto Bruscato, Léia and Machado Fagundes, Cristian Vinicius
year	2023
title	Fostering Sustainability in the Early Stages of the Architectural Design process: a Creative Exploration of AI Generative Models
source	García Amen, F, Goni Fitipaldo, A L and Armagno Gentile, Á (eds.), Accelerated Landscapes - Proceedings of the XXVII International Conference of the Ibero-American Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2023), Punta del Este, Maldonado, Uruguay, 29 November - 1 December 2023, pp. 831–842
summary	The field of architecture is experiencing transformative changes with the rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI). This study investigates the use of generative models like Large Language Models (LLM) and Generative Diffusion Models (GDM) in architectural design, focusing on sustainability. Utilizing the concept of “active human agency”, the research evaluates tools like DALL-E 2 (Bing) and ChatGPT (GPT-4) for creating environmentally responsive references in the early phases of the design process. Employing an explorative and qualitative methodology, the investigation includes architectural characteristics of climatic archetypes and concepts related to architecture-biology, applied to different environmental contexts. Initial findings reveal the AI potential in creating environmentally responsive references, with certain limitations in specific interactions and interpretations. The conclusion emphasizes these tools as collaborative aids in early design stages, and underscores the importance of "active human agency" for meaningful, responsible results, contributing to sustainability in early architectural design processes.
keywords	Artificial Intelligence, Generative Models, Architectural Design Process, Sustainability, Active Human Agency.
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2024/03/08 14:07

_id	acadia23_v3_95
id	acadia23_v3_95
authors	Choma , Joseph
year	2023
title	Innovative Research Award of Excellence
source	ACADIA 2023: Habits of the Anthropocene: Scarcity and Abundance in a Post-Material Economy [Volume 3: Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference for the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9891764-1-0]. Denver. 26-28 October 2023. edited by A. Crawford, N. Diniz, R. Beckett, J. Vanucchi, M. Swackhamer 24-32.
summary	Transforming a single, flat sheet of material into a rigid, three-dimensional structure through folding seems simple and straightforward. However, it is precisely that self-explanatory nature of folding that is so attractive. When reflecting on my research in the area of foldable structures and materials, a series of conceptual ideas resonates with the work beyond the literal technical contributions (images 1 to 4). There is nothing worse than seeing a student sitting at their desk, scratching their head, not knowing what to do. If you do not know what to do, do something. Sometimes within my research I do have a specific idea or problem which I am trying to solve. For example, designing an ultra-thin folded formwork for concrete casting. However, many times I just fold paper as a means to openly explore the unknown without any pragmatic agenda. In the end, both approaches (conceptually-driven and tool-driven) are equally valuable.
series	ACADIA
type	award
email
last changed	2024/04/17 13:59

_id	ijac202321404
id	ijac202321404
authors	Melih, Kamaoglu
year	2023
title	The idea of evolution in digital architecture: Toward united ontologies?
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing 2023, Vol. 21 - no. 4, 622-634
summary	Humans have always sought to grasp nature’s working principles and apply acquired intelligence to artefacts since nature has always been the source of inspiration, solution and creativity. For this reason, there is a comprehensive interrelationship between the philosophy of nature and architecture. After Charles Darwin’s revolutionary work, living beings have started to be comprehended as changing, evolving and developing dynamic entities. Evolution theory has been accepted as the interpretive power of biology after several discussions and objections among scientists. In time, the working principles of evolutionary mechanisms have begun to be explained from genetic code to organism and environmental level. Afterwards, simulating nature’s evolutionary logic in the digital interface has become achievable with computational systems’ advancements. Ultimately, architects have begun to utilise evolutionary understanding in design theories and methodologies through computational procedures since the 1990s. Although several studies about technical and pragmatic elements of evolutionary tools in design, there is still little research on the historical, theoretical and philosophical foundations of evolutionary understanding in digital architecture. This paper fills this literature gap by critically reviewing the evolutionary understanding embedded in digital architecture theories and designs since the beginning of the 1990s. The original contribution is the proposed intellectual framework seeking to understand and conceptualise how evolutionary processes were defined in biology and philosophy, then represented through computational procedures, to be finally utilised by architectural designers. The network of references and concepts is deeply connected with the communication between natural processes and their computational simulations. For this reason, another original contribution is the utilisation of theoretical limits and operative principles of computation procedures to shed light on the limitations, shortcomings and potentials of design theories regarding their speculations on the relationship between natural and computational ontologies.
keywords	Evolution, computation, digital architecture, ontology, architectural theory
series	journal
last changed	2024/04/17 14:30

_id	ecaade2023_477
id	ecaade2023_477
authors	Ferschin, Peter, Suter, Georg, Palma, Marco, Erb, Ingrid, Hahn, David, Kovács, Bálint, Nawratil, Georg and Sharifmoghaddam, Kiumars
year	2023
title	Transformable Luminaire Design: From digital sketch to fabrication through computation and simulation
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.117
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 117–126
summary	Advanced computational design tools can help architectural and product designers to create novel and innovative designs. In this paper, we describe how advanced tools from research projects may be used together to design, simulate, and fabricate transformable luminaires. These tools support rapid design and simulation iterations to converge towards a realizable, usable and aesthetically design, which negotiates real-world constraints such as production costs, manufacturing time and material properties. We report on our experiences with integrated design and production workflows from teaching a digital design and production class, asking students to design and produce a luminaire based on a given production infrastructure. The design process starts with a conceptual part, where design intentions and basic ideas are explored with a 3D sketching tool. Students then develop parametric models by determining independent and dependent design parameters. As a required feature, the luminaire should have a transformable screen designed by a generator for flexible quad-surfaces. Real-time rendering tools allow for a fast, visual evaluation of these designs. After selecting the most suitable design regarding the design intention, students evaluate production feasibility and iteratively update their design until all production constraints are fulfilled. We describe the didactic and technical concepts and conclude with a discussion of open issues.
keywords	digital sketch, light simulation, computational fabrication, parametric design, kinetic structures, architectural education
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	sigradi2023_370
id	sigradi2023_370
authors	Karnani, Vasudha
year	2023
title	Internet of Me: Experiential Exploration of Personal Digital Information Consumption with an AR Tool
source	García Amen, F, Goni Fitipaldo, A L and Armagno Gentile, Á (eds.), Accelerated Landscapes - Proceedings of the XXVII International Conference of the Ibero-American Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2023), Punta del Este, Maldonado, Uruguay, 29 November - 1 December 2023, pp. 925–936
summary	The convergence of cyber-physical systems, expansive internet growth, and intensified human-device interactions have led to exponential data consumption, resulting in information overload within society. This research addresses this information overload and its impact on digital wellbeing through development of an augmented reality (AR) tool, aiming to facilitate personalized data-driven introspection and enhance the utility of consumed information. By merging digital and physical realms, the tool facilitates tangible data exploration, transforming complex information into understandable interactions. It extracts and categorizes user browsing history data by domains, days, and time and leverages OpenAI's LLM GPT model to categorize the consumed digital content. Developed with Unity, the AR tool visualizes the data in layers in users' environments, promoting active personalized data sense-making. This research introduces an approach to data presentation that promotes information literacy and envisions an empowered society having a holistic, informed relationship with technology where users seamlessly interact with their digital presence.
keywords	AR/VR/MR, Information Overload, Data Sense-making, Phygital Landscape, Experiential Data Exploration
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2024/03/08 14:07

_id	architectural_intelligence2023_3
id	architectural_intelligence2023_3
authors	Areti Markopoulou & Oana Taut
year	2023
title	Urban mining. Scoping resources for circular construction
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s44223-023-00021-4
source	Architectural Intelligence Journal
summary	Operating with an abundance mindset – rather than from a place of “scarcity” – is a new paradigm, relevant to the practices of design and construction, which expands the definition of “resources” as well as where resources, both raw and non-raw materials, can be found and “mined”. Within three scales of design and planning, the current research – developed at the Institute for Advanced Architecture of Catalonia (IAAC) – examines the applications of computational technologies and life cycle assessment with the goal of setting up protocols for enhancing processes of urban mining and material reuse in future circular construction. In the material scale (i), selected projects experiment with up-cycled waste for the creation of new engineered composites for construction. In the building scale (ii), robotic technologies and computer vision are used to scan and sort the materials from existing buildings or demolition sites. Finally, in the urban scale (iii), google images, satellite data and ML are used to index the existing material stock in building façades in cities. The research calls for agents involved in design, planning and construction to shift their focus to the anthroposphere as a source of, rather than just a destination for, processed goods. The concept of “urban mining” is revisited to manage the material stock in urban systems and the use of anthropogenic resources in new production cycles. Through a multi-scalar approach, the outcome challenges the foundation of our material practices, presenting the potential to disrupt linear patterns of design and making in the built environment.
series	Architectural Intelligence
email
last changed	2025/01/09 15:00

_id	caadria2023_73
id	caadria2023_73
authors	Awaji, Hiroki, Hayashi, Sei and Gondo, Tomoyuki
year	2023
title	Construction of a Free-Form Pavilion Using On-Site Plywood Bending With the Development of Fabrication Tools
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.2.099
source	Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 99–108
summary	Buildings with complex shapes are increasingly being constructed using digital fabrication tools. However, many building components nevertheless require specialised skills for their assembly at the construction site, even if the manufacturing has been streamlined. In this study, by practising an agile design process that repeats the method of ‘Add-on the tool’ and ‘feedback on form and material, we devised a construction method that allows unskilled workers to be involved in the fabrication of pavilions and the creation of complex curved surfaces without requiring special skills, so long as the rules of assembly are determined. In this study, a method of achieving large curvatures using wire bending of Y-shaped wooden units made of 4-mm thick lauan veneer boards was proposed, in which large curvatures were used to design two-dimensionally curved surfaces with continuous wavy shapes. This method was also used to control the force applied to the wires by controlling their lengths. The free curved surface with the elastic bending of the plywood allowed a height of 2.3 m and a span of 6 m.
keywords	Add-on the tools, Agile development, Large-span Structure, Active Bending, Plywood, Curvature, Fabrication Tools
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2023/06/15 23:14

_id	ijac202321413
id	ijac202321413
authors	Ayoub, Mohammed
year	2023
title	Estimating the received solar irradiances by traditional vaulted roofs using optimized neural networks and transfer learning
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing 2023, Vol. 21 - no. 4, 795-820
summary	Traditional vaulted roof-forms have long been utilized in hot-desert climate for better indoor environmental quality. Unprecedently, this research investigates the possible contribution of machine learning to estimate the received solar irradiances by those roofs, based on simulation-derived training and testing datasets, where two algorithms were used to reduce their higher-dimensionality. Then, four models of ordinary least-squares and artificial neural networks were developed. Their ability to accurately estimate solar irradiances was confirmed, with R2 of 95.599–98.794% and RMSE of 12.437–23.909 Wh/m2. Transfer Learning was also applied to pass the stored knowledge of the best-performing model into another one for estimating the performance of new roof-forms. The results demonstrated that transferred models could provide better estimations with R2 of 87.416–97.889% and RMSE of 79.300–13.971 Wh/m2, compared to un-transferred models. Machine learning shall redefine the practice of building performance, providing architects with flexibility to rapidly make informed decisions during the early design stages.
keywords	Solar irradiance, prediction, simulation, machine learning, transfer learning
series	journal
last changed	2024/04/17 14:30

_id	sigradi2023_177
id	sigradi2023_177
authors	Azambuja Varela, Pedro and Sousa, José Pedro
year	2023
title	Stereotomic BIM. A plugin for designing low carbon architecture
source	García Amen, F, Goni Fitipaldo, A L and Armagno Gentile, Á (eds.), Accelerated Landscapes - Proceedings of the XXVII International Conference of the Ibero-American Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2023), Punta del Este, Maldonado, Uruguay, 29 November - 1 December 2023, pp. 1253–1262
summary	This paper focuses on the development of a BIM (Building Information Modeling) tool for stereotomic design, aiming to create a bridge between academic research and practical implementation of stereotomy in the construction sector. The creation of a stereotomic BIM tool enhances the use of compressive materials within funicular shapes to minimize reliance on carbon-intensive steel-reinforced concrete slabs. The proposed BIM tool enables architects to design and visualize stereotomic systems, addressing challenges such as architectural specificity and technological expertise. Architects can work from initial shape concepts to the precise geometric definition of elements, benefiting from the interactive adjustment of subdivisions and considering materialization and assembly specifics. This approach aligns with the Industry 4.0 paradigm, contributing to both sustainable development goals and the evolution of construction practices.
keywords	BIM adoption, Stereotomy, Generative design, Parametric design, Sustainability
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2024/03/08 14:08

_id	caadria2023_60
id	caadria2023_60
authors	Bai, Zishen and Peng, Chengzhi
year	2023
title	Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) Supported Urban Design to Reduce Particle Air Pollutant Concentrations
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.1.505
source	Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 505–514
summary	PM2.5 has become a significant factor contributing to the haze outbreak in mainland China, which has negative impacts for public health. The current agility of CFD-based modelling to reveal in real-time the changes in PM2.5 concentrations in response to (proposed) changes in urban form limits its practical applications in the design processes. To support urban design for better air quality (AQ), this study presents a machine learning approach to test: (1) that the spatial distribution of PM2.5 concentrations measured in an urban area reflects the area’s capacity to disperse particle air pollution; (2) that the PM2.5 concentration measurements can be linked to certain urban form attributes of that area. A Convolutional Neural Network algorithm called Residual Neural Network (ResNet) was trained and tested using the ChinaHighPM2.5 and urban form datasets. The result is a ResNet-AQ predictor for the city centre area in Beijing which had one of the highest air pollution levels within the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. The urban area covered by the ResNet-AQ predictor contains 4,000 grid cells (approx. 25.3 km x 25.3 km), of which 1,200 (30%) cells were selected randomly for testing. The ResNet-AQ prediction accuracy achieved 87.3% after 100 iterations. An end-use scenario is presented to show how a social housing project can be supported by the AQ predictor to achieve better urban air quality performance.
keywords	PM2.5, urban form indicators, image classification, Convolutional Neural Network, open urban data
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2023/06/15 23:14

_id	acadia23_v2_118
id	acadia23_v2_118
authors	Bindlish, Stuti; M. Marji, Zaid; Aghaei Meibodi, Mania
year	2023
title	Cavity Shell: Sequential Cast-in-Place Method to Create Compression-Only Structures with Ultra-Thin Additively Manufactured Formwork Assemblies
source	ACADIA 2023: Habits of the Anthropocene: Scarcity and Abundance in a Post-Material Economy [Volume 2: Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference for the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9891764-0-3]. Denver. 26-28 October 2023. edited by A. Crawford, N. Diniz, R. Beckett, J. Vanucchi, M. Swackhamer 118-128.
summary	A compression-only structure's impressive strength-to-weight ratio allows it to span large spaces using significantly less material. However, prefabricated masonry or concrete components used to construct compression-only structures are prone to damage during handling and transportation, and contribute to CO2 emissions. Additionally, assembling these components requires heavy falsework, which results in material wastage and increased construction costs. This research paper presents an alternative approach to constructing compression-only structures by introducing a new, in-situ construction approach based on coupling 3D-printed, ultra-lightweight plastic formwork and sequential casting of the formwork in compression on site. This is achieved through developing: 1) a new construction method based on the assembly of lightweight, 3D printed plastic form- work in compression-only form, which is then sequentially cast with concrete in place; 2) an integrative formwork system informed by structural and casting logics (i.e., flowability, the height of the casting point in relation to hydrostatic pressure, placement of formwork interface in alignment to internal forces in the structure; and 3) a parametric model for translating force-form diagram to integrative formwork. To verify this research method, Cavity Shell, a 1:1 scale compression-only table leg structure, measuring 1.4 meters in radius and 0.8 meters in height, was designed and built (Figure 1). This ultra-lightweight formwork took less than 48 hours to assemble, and was sequentially cast by two people. This research demonstrates the potential to rethink the construction of compression-only structures by minimizing the material used, and improving economic and environmental efficiency in their construction life cycle.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2024/12/20 09:12

_id	architectural_intelligence2023_19
id	architectural_intelligence2023_19
authors	Caiyu Li, Zihui Lv, Yang Geng, Hao Tang, Xiaobin Gu, Borong Lin & Wenwen Zhou
year	2023
title	A data-driven method for the optimal control of centralized cooling station in an office park
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s44223-023-00040-1
source	Architectural Intelligence Journal
summary	An effective way to reduce the energy consumption of a building is to optimize the control strategy for the HVAC system. Load prediction is suggested and used to match the supply and demand for air conditioning and achieve energy savings. However, the gap between load prediction models and real-time optimal control of HVAC systems still exists. Hence, this paper proposed an optimization method for dynamically determining the best setpoints of chillers and chilled water pumps under a specific load. The energy consumption model of each equipment in the centralized cooling station is established and validated using the operational data. Then an optimization problem is defined to find the optimal setpoints for each equipment under certain load, to realize the lowest energy consumption. To verify the validity of the proposed method, a period of real operational data in an office park is used. The proposed method is applied on one centralized cooling station in the office park and results in an 4% lower overall energy consumption than the existing intelligent control strategies in the park. This method provides feasible directions and reference for realizing overall optimal control of the whole HVAC system in the future.
series	Architectural Intelligence
email
last changed	2025/01/09 15:03

_id	caadria2023_346
id	caadria2023_346
authors	Chang, Teng-Wen, Wu, Yi-Sin and Fang, Yu-Cyuan
year	2023
title	Mining High-Impact Authors From CAADRIA Conferences Through Social Network Analysis and Information Visualization of the CAD Field
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.2.059
source	Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 59–68
summary	This study uses social network analysis (SNA) to explore the academic development of the CAADRIA research group, and evaluate their influence on the academic circle from a dynamic co-author publication network map. We use mediational centrality to reconstruct the WoCAD (Web of CAADRIA) ontology model, which is based on degree centrality, mediational centrality, and feature vector centrality. This model can help us find: (1) the most influential authors and works, (2) the main participants in the group, (3) the classification of academic researchers in the same group, and (4) the development context and trends of academic researchers, assisting organizers in investigating these academic contents.
keywords	Information Visualization, Co-Authors Network, Social Network Analysis, System Design, CAD
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2023/06/15 23:14

_id	ijac202321406
id	ijac202321406
authors	da Silva Ruiz, Paulo Roberto; Claudia Maria de Almeida, Marcos Benedito Schimalski, Veraldo Liesenberg and Edson Aparecido Mitishita
year	2023
title	Multi-approach integration of ALS and TLS point clouds for a 3-D building modeling at LoD3
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing 2023, Vol. 21 - no. 4, 652-678
summary	Registering, documenting, updating, revitalizing, expanding, and renovating old urban buildings require proper documentation. The adoption of 3D survey techniques is essential to grant efficiency and agility to such purposes. This article discusses a multi-approach integration of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data collected by aerial and terrestrial platforms, meant for the 3D modeling of a building at Level of Detail 3. The selected building presents challenging elements for modeling, such as blocks with different heights and indented facades. It is located on the campus of the Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) in Curitiba, Brazil, on a site with irregular terrain and surrounded by trees, what made the terrestrial laser scanning process difficult. For its three-dimensional reconstruction, data from an Aerial Laser Scanning system were integrated with data from a Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS). Based on the 3D modeling, an as-is Building Information Modeling model of the building’s exterior was created. To validate the results, measurements of the building were obtained by means of an Electronic Distance Measurement (EDM) device and they were then compared with measurements extracted from the point cloud-based BIM model. The results demonstrate that there was a correspondence between the EDM and the LiDAR-derived measures, attaining a satisfactory statistical agreement. The article focuses on the accuracy of LiDAR models for the cadastral update of buildings, providing information for decision making in documentation projects and construction interventions. The main contribution of this work consists in a multi-approach workflow for delivering an effective and precise solution for accomplishing an as-is BIM documentation, highlighting advantages, drawbacks, and the potential of this set of methods for integrating multi-source LiDAR point clouds.
keywords	3D Modelling, BIM, Aerial Laser Scanner, Terrestrial Laser Scanner, LiDAR
series	journal
last changed	2024/04/17 14:30

_id	ijac202321412
id	ijac202321412
authors	Damla Turhan, Gozde; Guzden Varinlioglu and Murat Bengisu
year	2023
title	Bio-based material integration into computational form-finding tools by introducing tensile properties in the case of bacterial cellulose-based composites
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing 2023, Vol. 21 - no. 4, 781-794
summary	Recent studies in digital design and fabrication processes focus on the potentials of using biological systems in nature as mathematical models or more recently as bio-based materials and composites in various applications. The reciprocal integration between mechanical and digital media for designing and manufacturing bio-based products is still open to development. The current digital form-finding scripts involve an extensive material list, although bio-based materials have not been fully integrated yet. This paper explores a customized form-finding process by suggesting a framework through mechanically informed material-based computation. Bacterial cellulose, an unconventional yet potential material for design, was explored across its biological growth, tensile properties, and the integration of datasets into digital form finding. The initial results of the comparison between digital form finding with conventional materials versus mechanically informed digital form finding revealed a huge difference in terms of both the resulting optimum geometry and the maximum axial forces that the geometry could actually handle. Although this integration is relatively novel in the literature, the proposed methodology has proven effective for enhancing the structural optimization process within digital design and fabrication and for bringing us closer to real-life applications. This approach allows conventional and limited material lists in various digital form finding and structural optimization scripts to cover novel materials once the quantitative mechanical properties are obtained. This method has the potential to develop into a commercial algorithm for a large number of bio-based and customized prototypes within the context of digital form finding of complex geometries.
keywords	Digital design, digital fabrication, structural optimization, form finding, bacterial cellulose
series	journal
last changed	2024/04/17 14:30

_id	cdrf2023_526
id	cdrf2023_526
authors	Eric Peterson, Bhavleen Kaur
year	2023
title	Printing Compound-Curved Sandwich Structures with Robotic Multi-Bias Additive Manufacturing
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8405-3_44
source	Proceedings of the 2023 DigitalFUTURES The 5st International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2023)
summary	A research team at Florida International University Robotics and Digital Fabrication Lab has developed a novel method for 3d-printing curved open grid core sandwich structures using a thermoplastic extruder mounted on a robotic arm. This print-on-print additive manufacturing (AM) method relies on the 3d modeling software Rhinoceros and its parametric software plugin Grasshopper with Kuka-Parametric Robotic Control (Kuka-PRC) to convert NURBS surfaces into multi-bias additive manufacturing (MBAM) toolpaths. While several high-profile projects including the University of Stuttgart ICD/ITKE Research Pavilions 2014–15 and 2016–17, ETH-Digital Building Technologies project Levis Ergon Chair 2018, and 3D printed chair using Robotic Hybrid Manufacturing at Institute of Advanced Architecture of Catalonia (IAAC) 2019, have previously demonstrated the feasibility of 3d printing with either MBAM or sandwich structures, this method for printing Compound-Curved Sandwich Structures with Robotic MBAM combines these methods offering the possibility to significantly reduce the weight of spanning or cantilevered surfaces by incorporating the structural logic of open grid-core sandwiches with MBAM toolpath printing. Often built with fiber reinforced plastics (FRP), sandwich structures are a common solution for thin wall construction of compound curved surfaces that require a high strength-to-weight ratio with applications including aerospace, wind energy, marine, automotive, transportation infrastructure, architecture, furniture, and sports equipment manufacturing. Typical practices for producing sandwich structures are labor intensive, involving a multi-stage process including (1) the design and fabrication of a mould, (2) the application of a surface substrate such as FRP, (3) the manual application of a light-weight grid-core material, and (4) application of a second surface substrate to complete the sandwich. There are several shortcomings to this moulded manufacturing method that affect both the formal outcome and the manufacturing process: moulds are often costly and labor intensive to build, formal geometric freedom is limited by the minimum draft angles required for successful removal from the mould, and customization and refinement of product lines can be limited by the need for moulds. While the most common material for this construction method is FRP, our proof-of-concept experiments relied on low-cost thermoplastic using a specially configured pellet extruder. While the method proved feasible for small representative examples there remain significant challenges to the successful deployment of this manufacturing method at larger scales that can only be addressed with additional research. The digital workflow includes the following steps: (1) Create a 3D digital model of the base surface in Rhino, (2) Generate toolpaths for laminar printing in Grasshopper by converting surfaces into lists of oriented points, (3) Generate the structural grid-core using the same process, (4) Orient the robot to align in the direction of the substructure geometric planes, (5) Print the grid core using MBAM toolpaths, (6) Repeat step 1 and 2 for printing the outer surface with appropriate adjustments to the extruder orientation. During the design and printing process, we encountered several challenges including selecting geometry suitable for testing, extruder orientation, calibration of the hot end and extrusion/movement speeds, and deviation between the computer model and the physical object on the build platen. Physical models varied from their digital counterparts by several millimeters due to material deformation in the extrusion and cooling process. Real-time deviation verification studies will likely improve the workflow in future studies.
series	cdrf
email
last changed	2024/05/29 14:04

_id	ijac202321407
id	ijac202321407
authors	Fernando, Ruwan and Ruby Michael
year	2023
title	Solving planning problems with evolutionary computation
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing 2023, Vol. 21 - no. 4, 679-694
summary	Evolutionary design (ED) is a strategy that makes use of computational power to couple generative techniques with evaluation methods, to put forward designs that are better with each iteration. In this research, we present a representation scheme for solving spatial layout problems that is simple to implement as well as extend. The mechanisms for evaluation and mutation are defined and also shown to be extendable. Ultimately, the topic explored here is the ways in which ED and computation can enhance our design thinking and how computers can provide the background to new design processes and workflows.
keywords	Evolutionary design, evolutionary thinking, genetic algorithms, spatial planning, problem solving
series	journal
last changed	2024/04/17 14:30

_id	caadria2023_127
id	caadria2023_127
authors	Franze, Anthony, Caldwell, Glenda, Belek Fialho Teixeira, Muge and Rittenbruch, Markus
year	2023
title	Informing User-Centred Approaches to Augmented Custom Manufacturing Practices
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.1.353
source	Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 353–362
summary	This practice-based research presents insights into the potential and challenges for augmented and mixed reality (AR/MR) technology to enhance Australian small-to-medium (SME) custom manufacturers’ agility to overcome existing Industry 4.0 (I4.0) workforce productivity and efficiency challenges. Moreover, it seeks to understand the technology’s ability to support custom manufacturers and the architectural, engineering and construction (AEC) sector transition to a more human-centric Industry 5.0 (I5.0) model, whereby the well-being of the fabricator is placed back at the centre of manufacturing processes. This qualitative study draws on interviews with eleven Australian custom manufacturing industry professionals to inform pertinent themes around fabricators’ current use and perceptions of mixed reality technology. Results indicate benefits for fabricators in reducing 2D drawing and task-related ambiguities in fabrication and assembly practices and reveal factors surrounding underutilisation. Synthesising insights and reflecting on Teixeira et al., (2021)’s XR-PACT framework, key research areas are identified for future AR/MR development centred on fabrication users’ distinct needs to improve accessibility, empower fabricators and ultimately assist the competitiveness of custom manufacturers and the AEC sector.
keywords	Augmented and Mixed Reality, Custom Manufacturing, SME, User-centred design, Industry 5.0
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2023/06/15 23:14

_id	acadia23_v3_195
id	acadia23_v3_195
authors	Gandia, Augusto; Iverson, Aileen
year	2023
title	Hybrid Making: Physical Explorations with Computational Matter
source	ACADIA 2023: Habits of the Anthropocene: Scarcity and Abundance in a Post-Material Economy [Volume 3: Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference for the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9891764-1-0]. Denver. 26-28 October 2023. edited by A. Crawford, N. Diniz, R. Beckett, J. Vanucchi, M. Swackhamer 24-32.
summary	This publication introduces hybrid making as the subject of a workshop conducted at the ACADIA Conference 2023 (See Fig. 1). We contextualize hybrid making in today’s design digitalization marked by the opening of Artificial Intelligence (AI), wherein AI is seen as an accelerant in the ongoing digital evolution. In design-related practice and research, digital design is increasingly dominant (See Fig. 2); as shown in a quick survey of ACADIA 2022 wherein 10 out of 14 workshops focused on topics related to digitalization. Given this context, the subject of our workshop, hybrid making, highlights that which is excluded in purely digital processes, namely a richness of designing associated with the qualities of materials and fabrication (See Fig. 3). Hybrid making seeks to influence digital evolution with aspects of analogue processes such as the integration of constraints related to actual physical materials and their context. The task of hybrid making, therefore, is to introduce actual constraints into digital ones (See Fig. 4).
series	ACADIA
type	workshop
email
last changed	2024/04/17 14:00

_id	caadria2023_299
id	caadria2023_299
authors	Garg, Nipun and Huang, Sheng-Yang
year	2023
title	Conjugated Materiality – Reinstating Material Circularity via Digital Twins
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.1.705
source	Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 705–714
summary	Industrial Revolution 4.0 offers an opportunity for the globe to rethink the meaning of building information that breaks the territorial borders of building information systems that are not based project-wise but follow a geopolitical structure. It expands the conventional thought process of being limited to a building to a city/ planetary urbanisation level. As a response to the new urban design theory, the paper posits an approach that amalgamates “Design for Disassembly (DFD)” and “Digital Twins” which have gained traction because of “Circular Economy” and “Industrial Revolution 4.0” respectively, to create an information framework for the urban ecology that focuses on system management rather than project management via “Material Passport (MP) 2.0”. It identifies the gaps within the existing MP and creates a foundational framework for the added information (termed “Material Strategies”) that needs to be a part of MP 2.0 that arise while working across systems by augmenting DFD and Digital Twins via the lens of materials. The material strategies are further investigated through a correlation matrix to understand their interdependency to finally create a JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)-based serialisation of materials to reinstate the material circularity and reduce the carbon emissions that the construction sector accounts for.
keywords	Design for Disassembly (DFD), Digital Twin, Material Passport (MP), Circular Economy, JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2023/06/15 23:14

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