Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	ecaade2023_112
id	ecaade2023_112
authors	Aguilera, Andrea V., Zhang, Yu and Shea, Kristina
year	2023
title	Mobile Augmented Reality for Aided Manual Assembly of Compressed Earth Block Dwellings
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.019
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 19–28
summary	This paper investigates how augmented reality (AR) can instruct and assist in assembling an earthen structure consisting of a limited set of geometrically different interlocking blocks. By adapting a visual-inertial object tracking software, to the assembly process of a mortarless, compressed earth block (CEB) dome, the construction site no longer needs physical templates and manuals. This enables the builders to have real-time tracking with visual feedback to actively adjust according to the optical guidance during the course of assembly. Two identical dome structures are built with the same set of earth blocks, one with AR and one without. The results show that using AR can significantly improve construction efficiency for complex, dry-stacked structures as it acts as assembly guidance and provides insight into the limits of the tracking tolerances. Further, this paper discusses the limitations and challenges and can provide an outlook for further research scaling up the production to construct a habitable dwelling. Starting with just a pile of dirt and a mobile phone, the demonstrator exhibits the compatibility of local, sustainable materials and digital, efficient processes.
keywords	Compressed Earth Blocks, Augmented Reality, Interlocking Blocks, Earth Building, Dry-Stack Assembly, Sustainable Construction
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2023_89
id	ecaade2023_89
authors	Ahmadpanah, Hooshiar, Haidar, Adonis and Latifi, Seyed Mostafa
year	2023
title	BIM and Machine Learning (ML) Integration in Design Coordination: Using ML to automate object classification for clash detection
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.619
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 619–628
summary	Amongst the countless benefits of BIM, clash detection appears to be one of the most recognized ones. This is due to the automated manner in which clashes can be detected in the design stage in comparison to the cumbersome drawing-based clash detection applied in traditional design coordination. When BIM clash detection software, such as Navisworks or Solibri, is used, thousands of clashes can be detected automatically, and a report is generated containing a list of all the clashes with an image of each clash. In most cases, a large number of irrelevant/ignorable clashes can be found, making it extremely difficult and time-consuming to classify those clashes in order to assign responsibilities to manage those clashes, and more importantly specifying which clashes are relevant and which are not. Therefore, finding an automated machine-enabled method to classify clashes into relevant and irrelevant appears to be indispensable. This paper provides the first step towards this automation by developing a Machine Learning (ML) algorithm capable of recognizing the types of elements from images that are originated from the clash detection report. To achieve this, a Deep Learning (DL) algorithm called ‘YOLO’, that is based on object recognition, is developed, and a set of various images indicating different kinds of clashes are used as the dataset. Using the “Makesense” platform, the images are labeled into different categories to feed the algorithm. The algorithm was able to recognize trusses and beams from the images saved in the data set, which is the first step towards object classification. The paper contributes to the knowledge by, firstly, enabling the clashes to be classified based on images rather than numeric information data, and secondly, by applying the DL algorithm that is used in many author industries in the context of clash detection within a construction project.
keywords	BIM, Clash Detection, Machine Learning (ML), Deep Learning, Image Recognition
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2023_311
id	ecaade2023_311
authors	Akbar, Zuardin, Ron, Gili and Wortmann, Thomas
year	2023
title	Democratizing the Designer’s Toolbox: Adopting free, open-source, and platform-agnostic tools into computational design teaching
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.041
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 41–50
summary	This paper proposes a computational design education approach where students learn to develop their own geometric and logical workflows beyond specific software and platform. The course’s objectives are to familiarize architecture students with computational geometry, foster computational thinking that stays relevant over time, and promote democratized design tools through computation. Over a semester, we taught students to work directly on coordinates or numerical representations by utilizing 3-Dimensional (3D) computer graphics programming rather than learning 3D modeling software that rapidly goes out of style. This paper outlines our teaching methods to introduce the technology stack, design algorithm development, open-source or free tools implementation, and user experience – interface design. This paper also reviews the student’s final projects to deliver interactive web-browser applications for architectural design of varied scales and compares them according to four evaluation parameters. The paper culminates with the project's critical assessment and students' feedback to evaluate our approach and suggest an outlook for future development.
keywords	Computational Design, Algorithmic Design, Education, Design Tool, Platform-Agnostic Software, Open Source, Democratized Design
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2023_422
id	ecaade2023_422
authors	Amtsberg, Felix, Yang, Xiliu, Skoury, Lior, Sousa Calepso, Aimée, Sedlmair, Michael, Wortmann, Thomas and Menges, Achim
year	2023
title	Multi-Actor Fabrication for Digital Timber Construction
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.417
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 417–426
summary	The research presented in this paper focusses on the prefabrication of wood building systems using human craft and robotic machines as equal actors in collaborative fabrication processes. It uses self-developed components such as a data managing framework system to generate and exchange fabrication data between the design elements and the fabrication environment. Human robot collaboration via augmented reality (AR) technology is facilitated through a software framework and applied in the prefabrication of timber structures. Based on previous research, this iteration uses the concept of multi-actor fabrication and extends the number of human actors in the fabrication process. A case study was conducted for the collaborative fabrication of a timber structure. Five actors (four humans and one 7-axis robotic system) received instructions based on their individual skill set and collectively manufactured a timber structure in an organized workflow.
keywords	Human-Robot Collaboration, Augmented Reality, Multi-Actor Fabrication, Timber Construction
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	caadria2023_55
id	caadria2023_55
authors	Anam, Nadia and Tan, Linus
year	2023
title	A Human-Centric Approach to a Design-to-Fabrication Process: A Case of Homeless Housing Design in Melbourne, Australia
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.2.461
source	Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 461–470
summary	Recent advancements in computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) have influenced architects to practice more purposeful design processes. However, most previous research have focused on innovating CAD and CAM technologies and less on how to automate the specific needs of users into design-to-fabrication processes. Therefore, this study applies a human-centric design approach to examine how designers can leverage specific and dynamic individual needs in digital design processes to optimise designing of housing. Using research through design, we tested our user-design-fabrication framework with dynamic needs of homeless individuals and 3D printing construction technologies, to design and prototype homeless housing solutions in Melbourne, Australia. This research demonstrates that specific and dynamic occupant needs are leveraged by designer's increased knowledge of digital design processes for 1) greater manipulation of basic software and machines and 2) provision of more individualised homeless housing design solutions. This suggests that there is a need for design researchers to further investigate the role of designers in such digital design processes working with homeless individuals, to foresee the current move in industry for more client-oriented and individualised homeless housing design solutions.
keywords	human-centric design, user-to-design, design-to-fabrication, homeless housing design, client-oriented design
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2023/06/15 23:14

_id	sigradi2023_65
id	sigradi2023_65
authors	Cheung, Lok Hang, Dall'Asta, Juan Carlos and Di Marco, Giancarlo
year	2023
title	Exploring Large Language Model as a Design Partner through Verbal and Non-verbal Conversation in Architectural Design Process
source	García Amen, F, Goni Fitipaldo, A L and Armagno Gentile, Á (eds.), Accelerated Landscapes - Proceedings of the XXVII International Conference of the Ibero-American Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2023), Punta del Este, Maldonado, Uruguay, 29 November - 1 December 2023, pp. 1059–1070
summary	This paper proposes a framework for applying Large Language Models (LLM) as a design partner in architectural design processes instead of a passive question-answering machine. The proposed design framework integrates LLM and Conversation Theory (CT) into a standard parametric design tool for architectural designers. The program establishes an ongoing conversation with the designer through verbal and non-verbal feedback by tracking brain activity and modelling commands. The program can collect conversation data for fine-tuning, thus progressively improving conversation effectiveness. The paper contributes to the knowledge area of architectural design by introducing a novel approach to integrating LLM and CT into the design process, simulated as a proof-of-concept pilot study within a commonly used design software.
keywords	Large Language Model, Human-Computer Interaction, Conversation Theory, Architectural Design Process
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2024/03/08 14:08

_id	acadia23_v2_194
id	acadia23_v2_194
authors	Dade-Robertson, Martyn; Arnardottir, Thora; Lee, Sunbin; Loh, Joshua; Gilmour, Katie; Zhang, Meng
year	2023
title	Engineered Living Fabrication: Combining hardware, wetware and software for the non-entropic guided growth of microbial cellulose
source	ACADIA 2023: Habits of the Anthropocene: Scarcity and Abundance in a Post-Material Economy [Volume 2: Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference for the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9891764-0-3]. Denver. 26-28 October 2023. edited by A. Crawford, N. Diniz, R. Beckett, J. Vanucchi, M. Swackhamer 194-204.
summary	This research presents the development and application of an Engineered Living Fabrication (ELF) system, a novel approach for fabricating materials using biological self-assembly and robotic hardware. The ELF system incorporates microbial cellulose, grown via custom fermentation vessels, into a bio-manufacturing process enhanced by synthetic biology techniques. This results in cellulose materials with modified properties. The ELF system also includes an automated input system for optogenetic or chemical stimuli and a feedback system for real-time growth monitoring. Simulations, developed in the Processing programming environment, enable the visualization and testing of various fabrication scenarios. Although the system has limitations, such as sterility requirements and robustness of engineered organisms, it exhibits potential for creating a new generation of biologically fabricated materials with unique properties. This innovative fabrication method represents a crucial step towards more sustainable and energy- efficient manufacturing strategies.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2024/12/20 09:12

_id	ecaade2023_145
id	ecaade2023_145
authors	Dortheimer, Jonathan, Schubert, Gerhard, Dalach, Agata, Brenner, Lielle Joy and Martelaro, Nikolas
year	2023
title	Think AI-side the Box! Exploring the Usability of text-to-image generators for architecture students
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.567
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 567–576
summary	This study examines how architecture students use generative AI image generating models for architectural design. A workshop was conducted with 25 participants to create designs using three state-of-the-art generative diffusion models and BIM or 3D modeling software. Results showed that the participants found the image-generating models useful for the preliminary design stages but had difficulty when the design advanced because the models did not perform as they expected. Finally, the study shows areas for improvement that merit further research. The paper provides empirical evidence on how generative diffusion models are used in an architectural context and contributes to the field of digital design.
keywords	Machine Learning, Diffusion Models, Design Process, Computational Creativity
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	cdrf2023_526
id	cdrf2023_526
authors	Eric Peterson, Bhavleen Kaur
year	2023
title	Printing Compound-Curved Sandwich Structures with Robotic Multi-Bias Additive Manufacturing
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8405-3_44
source	Proceedings of the 2023 DigitalFUTURES The 5st International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2023)
summary	A research team at Florida International University Robotics and Digital Fabrication Lab has developed a novel method for 3d-printing curved open grid core sandwich structures using a thermoplastic extruder mounted on a robotic arm. This print-on-print additive manufacturing (AM) method relies on the 3d modeling software Rhinoceros and its parametric software plugin Grasshopper with Kuka-Parametric Robotic Control (Kuka-PRC) to convert NURBS surfaces into multi-bias additive manufacturing (MBAM) toolpaths. While several high-profile projects including the University of Stuttgart ICD/ITKE Research Pavilions 2014–15 and 2016–17, ETH-Digital Building Technologies project Levis Ergon Chair 2018, and 3D printed chair using Robotic Hybrid Manufacturing at Institute of Advanced Architecture of Catalonia (IAAC) 2019, have previously demonstrated the feasibility of 3d printing with either MBAM or sandwich structures, this method for printing Compound-Curved Sandwich Structures with Robotic MBAM combines these methods offering the possibility to significantly reduce the weight of spanning or cantilevered surfaces by incorporating the structural logic of open grid-core sandwiches with MBAM toolpath printing. Often built with fiber reinforced plastics (FRP), sandwich structures are a common solution for thin wall construction of compound curved surfaces that require a high strength-to-weight ratio with applications including aerospace, wind energy, marine, automotive, transportation infrastructure, architecture, furniture, and sports equipment manufacturing. Typical practices for producing sandwich structures are labor intensive, involving a multi-stage process including (1) the design and fabrication of a mould, (2) the application of a surface substrate such as FRP, (3) the manual application of a light-weight grid-core material, and (4) application of a second surface substrate to complete the sandwich. There are several shortcomings to this moulded manufacturing method that affect both the formal outcome and the manufacturing process: moulds are often costly and labor intensive to build, formal geometric freedom is limited by the minimum draft angles required for successful removal from the mould, and customization and refinement of product lines can be limited by the need for moulds. While the most common material for this construction method is FRP, our proof-of-concept experiments relied on low-cost thermoplastic using a specially configured pellet extruder. While the method proved feasible for small representative examples there remain significant challenges to the successful deployment of this manufacturing method at larger scales that can only be addressed with additional research. The digital workflow includes the following steps: (1) Create a 3D digital model of the base surface in Rhino, (2) Generate toolpaths for laminar printing in Grasshopper by converting surfaces into lists of oriented points, (3) Generate the structural grid-core using the same process, (4) Orient the robot to align in the direction of the substructure geometric planes, (5) Print the grid core using MBAM toolpaths, (6) Repeat step 1 and 2 for printing the outer surface with appropriate adjustments to the extruder orientation. During the design and printing process, we encountered several challenges including selecting geometry suitable for testing, extruder orientation, calibration of the hot end and extrusion/movement speeds, and deviation between the computer model and the physical object on the build platen. Physical models varied from their digital counterparts by several millimeters due to material deformation in the extrusion and cooling process. Real-time deviation verification studies will likely improve the workflow in future studies.
series	cdrf
email
last changed	2024/05/29 14:04

_id	sigradi2023_241
id	sigradi2023_241
authors	Ibarburu Perroni, Gastón, Mangini, Romina and Lempesi, Lucía
year	2023
title	Algebraic Description of Digital Design Tools: A Bridge Between Mathematical Teaching and Parametric Design From The Emergence of The Computer In Evaluation.
source	García Amen, F, Goni Fitipaldo, A L and Armagno Gentile, Á (eds.), Accelerated Landscapes - Proceedings of the XXVII International Conference of the Ibero-American Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2023), Punta del Este, Maldonado, Uruguay, 29 November - 1 December 2023, pp. 1033–1045
summary	During the pandemic, virtual tests had to be implemented, which led to the forced incorporation of GeoGebra in geometry courses of Architecture and Design degrees, therefore enabling the treatment of subjects that were unthinkable with pen and paper. In this context, this work explores the possibilities of recreating commands of design software with mathematical expressions, using GeoGebra as an interface that can be easily applied in Math courses of the region. The result is a synthetic map of commands described in a mathematical language, which may work as a translation bridge between the worlds of Math and Software, thus contributing to the connection of Mathematics with both thought and practice of Design and Architecture.
keywords	Shape Grammars, Multiple Variable Functions, Design software, GeoGebra, Mathematics education.
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2024/03/08 14:08

_id	ecaade2023_55
id	ecaade2023_55
authors	Ismail, Ahmed and Marin, Philippe
year	2023
title	Direct data flows as alternative to file-based Exchanges in AEC: A comparative case study of two plugin developments
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.263
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 263–272
summary	In this article, we examine two ways of establishing direct links between different digital tools, based on two plugins developed as part of a larger research. The objective of the research is to explore alternative ways of exchanging data by the means of free and direct data flows. The research methodology consists of linking theory and practice. Firstly, it consists of studying the current state of interoperability in AEC through literature review, to define the theoretical frame. It focuses on the particular use-case of interoperability between design actors (architects), and fabrication actors (suppliers). Secondly, as a practical application, it studies the development of two plugins. Both plugins establish design-to-fabrication workflows with the means of direct data flows, based on open-source solutions. The aim of this paper is to compare the primary results of the two plugins, currently under development. The comparison addresses both practice-related and technical aspects. This assessment analyses different interoperability needs and the efficiency of the developed tools as a solution to the initial problem of interoperability. The results provide guidance for future developments and give suggestions for possible improvements. By providing new protocols for data exchange, this research uses software development as a tool to target the initial research problem.
keywords	Data exchange, interoperability, industrial engineering, AEC, Direct Dataflow, software development, Open Source
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	acadia23_v3_179
id	acadia23_v3_179
authors	Jabi, Wassim; Leon, David Andres; Alymani, Abdulrahman; Behzad, Selda Pourali; Salamoun, Michelle
year	2023
title	Exploring Building Topology Through Graph Machine Learning
source	ACADIA 2023: Habits of the Anthropocene: Scarcity and Abundance in a Post-Material Economy [Volume 3: Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference for the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9891764-1-0]. Denver. 26-28 October 2023. edited by A. Crawford, N. Diniz, R. Beckett, J. Vanucchi, M. Swackhamer 24-32.
summary	Graph theory offers a powerful method for analyzing complex networks and relationships. When combined with machine learning, graph theory can provide valuable insights into the data generated by 3D models. This workshop integrated advanced spatial modeling and analysis with artificial intelligence, highlighting the importance of technological advancements in shaping the future of architecture and design. It introduced participants to novel workflows that link parametric 3D modeling with concepts of topology, graph theory, and graph machine learning. We used Topologicpy, an advanced spatial modeling and analysis software library designed for Architecture, Engineering, and Construction, paired with DGL, a powerful machine learning library that provides tools for implementing and optimizing graph neural networks (Figure 1). In essence, this process blends cutting-edge technologies and architectural principles that will shape the future of design. Participants learned how to use these workflows to convert 3D models into graphs, analyze their properties, and perform classification and regression tasks. Participants also explored how to create synthetic datasets based on generative and parametric workflows, and build and optimize graph neural networks for specific tasks.
series	ACADIA
type	workshop
last changed	2024/04/17 14:00

_id	ecaade2023_52
id	ecaade2023_52
authors	Le, Thanh-Luan and Kim, Sung-Ah
year	2023
title	Game-based Platform for Daylight Analysis using Deep Learning
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.481
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 481–490
summary	Daylight analysis is not easy and requires skills in specific software and techniques and significant computation time. These skills are necessary for architecture education, but some students may find them challenging. For this reason, a software-free and simulation-free approach that quickly calculates daylight performance may be a more effective way for students to learn and practice architecture design. From these ideas, a game environment, which is familiar to the young generation, may enhance the excitement and engagement of education in this field. The development of a cubic builder game platform that utilizes the Deep Learning Model (DLM) to help users learn about daylight analysis within the game environment is currently underway. This paper presents the preliminary results of this study that focused on exploring methods for implementing and using DLM to predict daylight performance in a game environment. Using a drawing canvas, users can give design inputs in this environment. A framework involving three steps has been developed to combine data from the design and gaming environments. First, small-scale building models with specific design contexts and simulation data were created in Rhino and Grasshopper using LadyBugs and HoneyBee. Second, a DLM was trained on these data to make predictions. Last, developing the game environment with the well-trained DLM in Unity3D. Through analysis, the DLM's performance in game environments confirmed the potential of this approach. A building system will fully implement the game environment in future research. The DLM's predictive performance will be enhanced using more extensive and diverse data sets.
keywords	Daylight Simulation, Architecture Education, Game-based, Unity3D, Deep Learning
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	acadia23_v2_330
id	acadia23_v2_330
authors	Li, Jiaqi; Lin, Chen-Yang; Lai, Zhen-Zhou; Lo, Tian-Tian
year	2023
title	Revitalization of Digital Hometown of Overseas Chinese: Using Virtual Reality Interaction Technology - The Example of Jimei School Village
source	ACADIA 2023: Habits of the Anthropocene: Scarcity and Abundance in a Post-Material Economy [Volume 2: Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference for the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9891764-0-3]. Denver. 26-28 October 2023. edited by A. Crawford, N. Diniz, R. Beckett, J. Vanucchi, M. Swackhamer 330-339.
summary	Promoting the transformation and development of overseas Chinese hometowns through the inheritance of overseas Chinese culture and the integration of culture and tourism is an important research perspective in China's rural revitalization strategy. Nowadays, the development of rural cultural tourism through various digital means has effectively promoted the economic vitality of the region. This research takes Jimei School Village as an example and uses virtual-real interactive technology [Mixed Reality (MR) and an open- source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software (Arduino)] to build a ""Phygital Game"" - a virtual-real interactive platform. First, this research uses MR technology to display the characteristic content of the hometown of overseas Chinese, expand the amount of information displayed, and immerse tourists in the realistic scene of virtual-real fusion. In terms of interactive form, through the design of physical inter- action of Arduino, visitors can participate in puzzle-solving games. This platform aims to encourage tourists to actively explore the architectural features and culture of the hometown of overseas Chinese, to provide a valuable perspective for the optimization and development of the immersive cultural tourism platform.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2024/12/20 09:12

_id	ecaade2023_143
id	ecaade2023_143
authors	Mosler, Pascal, Gehring, Maximilian, Dokonal, Wolfgang, Cizmeci, Melisa, Geist, Pascal, Haas, Tim, Soares, Tiago, Sohlmayer, Christopher and Rüppel, Uwe
year	2023
title	Using the Game Engine Unity Efficiently in Teaching: Development of a fully-automated webserver-based build pipeline
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.883
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 883–892
summary	The Unity game engine is becoming increasingly popular in professional architecture, engineering, and teaching. Unity provides the ability to bring architectural geometries developed during a design process into a virtual reality (VR) environment. This gives designers an additional tool for developing their designs using VR. Until now, the cumbersome and time-consuming build process of a Unity project has been a challenge. This process involves compiling a Unity project for a target platform, such as Windows or Android. Here, many options have to be chosen in advance. In the context of a course in group format, all groups usually have to make the same choices. So far, there has been a lack of possibilities to specify these options centrally. This paper describes the development and prototypical use of a Unity build pipeline developed at the Technical University of Darmstadt, which simplifies working with the Unity game engine. By providing an outsourced build process for Unity projects and further implemented functionalities especially intended for teaching, a significant time advantage in the completion phase of Unity projects is achieved. Therefore, both lecturers and students within a teaching-learning scenario can focus more attention on the actual content in Unity, such as the architectural design process.
keywords	Unity, Build Pipeline, Teaching, Virtual Reality, Software Development
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2023_196
id	ecaade2023_196
authors	Radomiroviæ, Predrag, Stojakoviæ, Vesna and Deliæ, Vlado
year	2023
title	The Influence of the Folding Ceiling Structure on the Room Acoustics
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.069
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 69–78
summary	Adaptability is an essential principle for space multifunctionality. Given that different purposes set different acoustic requirements, adapting one space to different uses is a challenge. Thus, the paper presents a design proposal for a kinetic suspended ceiling made of canvas membrane, implemented in the test performance hall. Such a design aims to improve the control of the reverberation time in the hall. The kinetic structure is divided into panels with the possibility of changing the position in height and rotation. The panels' rotation leads to the structure's unfolding, which leads to the acoustic joining of the hall space with the ceiling interspace, and the diffuse reflection of sound. Experimental modeling simulation using the Odeon software tool and numerical calculation using Sabin's equation is applied for the research. The research was carried out in two phases. In the first phase, a software model examined the influence of the rotation angle from 0° (flat ceiling) to 90° (completely open ceiling) on the reverberation time. In the second phase, through a comparative analysis of the test model with an implemented suspended ceiling at different heights, the influence of the position of the ceiling in height in combination with the panel rotation was simultaneously examined. The study results in a new approach to the design of folding structures with the possibility of simple installation in existing spaces of performance halls and knowledge of how this type of structure can enable the control of the reverberation time in the hall.
keywords	Parametric design, Room acoustics, Folding structures, Kinetic membranes, Reverberation time
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2023_37
id	ecaade2023_37
authors	Santos Pereira, Susana Alexandra, Figueiredo, Bruno and Mendonça, Paulo
year	2023
title	Performance-Based Design: Report of an academic workshop with energy efficiency simulation tools
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.137
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 137–146
summary	This article presents the results of a Seminar / Workshop named “Energy Modelling: Preliminary Analysis of an Architecture Project”, organised at the University of Minho's School of Architecture, Art and Design, located in Guimaraes. The Seminar / Workshop aimed to teach students on the use of simulation tools that evaluate the energy performance of building's architectural design. It demonstrates the importance of simulation software as a tool to design energy-efficient architecture in the early stages of a project. The Seminar / Workshop introduced students to fundamental notions of simulation related to thermal and natural lighting comfort, like modelling methods, interpreting the obtained results and procedures for improving the results. Despite presenting different simulation software during the workshop, the exercises proposed to the students focused on using Climate Studio because of its versatility and compatibility with different architectural modelling software. The software is relatively recent and can be adapted in different project phases. The students learned the benefits of using simulation software to obtain information for further improving an architectural project. The simulation helped students understand the passive design strategies that can improve thermal comfort in the building. Like making the best use of the landscape, the shape of the building and its position and not just by increased insulation in the envelope, well-oriented glazing, optimised thermal mass, controlled ventilation or shading. Therefore, the students learn that simulation tools allow for optimising the passive strategies to their limits in the design stage.
keywords	Multi-criteria Simulation, Functional Analysis, Economic Analysis, Parametric Design
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2023_215
id	ecaade2023_215
authors	Sheikh, Abdullah and Crolla, Kristof
year	2023
title	Architectural Education with Virtual Reality
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.159
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 159–168
summary	This paper discusses educational and technical knowledge extracted from the development and implementation of teaching material for an elective course offered to both undergraduate and graduate students at The University of Hong Kong, which aimed to increase technical proficiency with Virtual Reality (VR) tools in Architecture design and education. VR is relatively underused and under-implemented in architectural education and practice due to the broad and diverse number of technical solutions available. Lack of open software workflows in this field limits ways in which designers can visualise models in a VR experience and evaluate their work at a 1:1 scale. The elective course aimed to address this, creating designer-specific workflows along with a larger overview of technical solutions available. Knowledge disseminated through guided exercises led to the introduction of options for independent student-driven research into VR-driven digital design projects. Technical knowledge was therefore transferred through integrated digital interaction embodied into the design process. Unreal Engine (5.03) was used as the main development environment for VR, with the addition of new features such as Lumen lighting and Nanite geometry. The Nvidia Omniverse allowed for seamless integration between Unreal Engine and Rhinoceros 3D, as well as many other apps using connectors. Connector usage allows importing and exporting models and data between the two platforms, allowing them a more intuitive ability to switch between tools and subsequently live link between software's and even include external sensor data. This paper documents and evaluates the knowledge gained of software workflows. Evaluation of produced student work is considered through factors of ease of interface, open nature of tools, and potential for altering the typical design workflow. Analysis provides an insight into the effectiveness of proposed workflows. Subsequent reflection and documentation aim to serve as a possible case study to encourage further incorporation of VR tools into architectural education.
keywords	Virtual Reality, Simulation, Architectural education, Design interaction, Live data transfer
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2023_110
id	ecaade2023_110
authors	Siani, Rossella
year	2023
title	Digital Fabrication Joints: Educational experience
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.339
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 339–346
summary	This research examines students' experimentation skills in the field of digital fabrication for the development of construction joints. The architecture students in charge of the experiment had no previous experience with digital fabrication technologies. However, with specific lessons and the optimization of digital design tools commonly used in their studies, such as CAD software, they were able to achieve results that were useful in understanding the design and production processes of this technology. Ten local FabLabs, maker spaces, and woodworking shops were involved in the manufacturing process. The CNC machines used are those available from the manufacturer partners and represent the most commonly used types: FDM, laser cutter, and miller cutter. The aim of this research is to investigate the accessibility of design and production processes for digital fabrication joints using only the tools that are commonly employed by local manufacturing companies.
keywords	digital fabrication, joints, CNC machines, educational, FabLabs
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2023_432
id	ecaade2023_432
authors	Trento, Armando, Fioravanti, Antonio and Kieferle, Joachim
year	2023
title	The Need to Reconsider Digital Design Entities
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.881
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 881–888
summary	Reconsidering digital architectural design approaches involves an accurate observation of the relation between human behaviours and spaces. Exploring the reciprocal relationships between people and context, helps better understanding societies’ needs and “genius loci” specific identity factors; in other words, the bases of good design. Inclusion of users’ behaviours in the design – apart from traditional questionnaires of participatory design – has been enhanced in the last years by the development of behaviour acquisition strategies, influenced by the evolution of sophisticated tools: the last can easily collect/use a considerable amount of data, tracking the actors’ use process in different spatial contexts (regional, urban, architectural, interior scale). The present paper, based on our previous research, wants to contribute in sketching a theoretical framework within which it is possible to address a more smart and effective computation of the interaction between users and spaces, and vice versa. The quest is to reflect on a strategy to formalise explicit design knowledge by engineering the required semantic information on top of available simulation systems. An analysis of computable architectural design process implies the investigation of project models anatomy along the CAAD history. By discussing the evolution of those models, knowledge structures and their “design entity” formal representations, this work aims at providing an ‘Ariadne’s thread’ for designers, software developers and academicians in order to enhance consciousness about limits and potentials of the tools they are familiar with.
keywords	Design Entities, Behavioural Knowledge, Use Simulation, Polysemantic
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

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