Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	caadria2023_446
id	caadria2023_446
authors	Guida, George
year	2023
title	Multimodal Architecture: Applications of Language in a Machine Learning Aided Design Process
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.2.561
source	Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 561–570
summary	Recent advances in Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Diffusion Models (DMs) are leading to a significant change in the way architecture is conceived. With capabilities that surpass those of current generative models, it is now possible to produce an unlimited number of high-quality images (Dhariwal and Nichol 2021). This opens up new opportunities for using synthetic images and marks a new phase in the creation of multimodal 3D forms, central to architectural concept design stages. Presented here are three methodologies of generation of meaningful 2D and 3D designs, merging text-to-image diffusion models Stable Diffusion, and DALL-E 2 with computational methods. These allow designers to intuitively navigate through a multimodal feedback loop of information originating from language and aided by artificial intelligence tools. This paper contributes to our understanding of machine-augmented design processes and the importance of intuitive user interfaces (UI) in enabling new dialogues between humans and machines. Through the creation of a prototype of an accessible UI, this exchange of information can empower designers, build trust in these tools, and increase control over the design process.
keywords	Machine Learning, Diffusion Models, Concept Design, Semantics, User Interface, Design Agency
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2023/06/15 23:14

_id	acadia23_v2_372
id	acadia23_v2_372
authors	Karsan, Zain; Kaiser, Kimball; Laucks, Jared; Tibbits, Skylar
year	2023
title	Liquid Metal Printing
source	ACADIA 2023: Habits of the Anthropocene: Scarcity and Abundance in a Post-Material Economy [Volume 2: Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference for the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9891764-0-3]. Denver. 26-28 October 2023. edited by A. Crawford, N. Diniz, R. Beckett, J. Vanucchi, M. Swackhamer 372-382.
summary	In this research paper, we present liquid metal printing (LMP), a novel metal additive tech- nique that trades high resolution to achieve fast, scalable, and low-cost printing. Liquid metal printing is conceptually similar to free-form-casting, where a large amount of metal is melted and rapidly dispensed along a predefined toolpath in order to produce a 3D form. To explore the capabilities of LMP, we develop purpose-built hardware to rapidly print aluminum, a material chosen for its ubiquity and near infinite recycle-ability. Furthermore, we assess the feasibility of LMP as a sustainable prototyping tool in product design by rapidly printing furniture-scale parts. These case studies in furniture prototyping demon- strate LMP as a paradigm-shifting approach to enable metal printing in architecture and construction.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2024/12/20 09:12

_id	sigradi2023_161
id	sigradi2023_161
authors	Portillo, Juan Pablo and Flores, Luis
year	2023
title	Heritage parametric modeling
source	García Amen, F, Goni Fitipaldo, A L and Armagno Gentile, Á (eds.), Accelerated Landscapes - Proceedings of the XXVII International Conference of the Ibero-American Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2023), Punta del Este, Maldonado, Uruguay, 29 November - 1 December 2023, pp. 277–288
summary	The study focuses on the digital documentation and geometric modeling of the Susana Soca Chapel, an architectural masterpiece designed by Antonio Bonet in Uruguay. The chapel is known for its unique geometric form composed of equilateral triangles, and it holds significant historical and cultural value. The research utilizes advanced digital technologies such as laser scanning and photogrammetry to capture the three-dimensional data of the chapel. The model is then analyzed to establish compositional rules and generate a new model using Dynamo Revit and parametric design techniques. The results include a high-quality point cloud model, facilitating the exploration of generative design principles. The discussion highlights the use of non-explicit modeling tools in architecture, emphasizing the need to understand the underlying geometric principles that govern the creation of complex spatial compositions. The research aims to establish guidelines and protocols for the digital documentation and algorithmic design of architectural landmarks, presenting a challenging yet promising proposition in the field.
keywords	Digital heritage, Dynamo, Point cloud, Parametric design, 3D scanning
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2024/03/08 14:06

_id	ijac202321405
id	ijac202321405
authors	Rawlings, Nicholas and Dimitris Papanikolaou
year	2023
title	Towards optimistic version control in architecture: A high-level design for a program that implements diffing, patching, and merging for openNURBS 3D models
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing 2023, Vol. 21 - no. 4, 635-651
summary	The ability of architects to collaborate and work in parallel on digital assets is limited by pessimistic strategies for managing shared files. The software engineering community has worked around this problem by adopting optimistic version control techniques, which rely on the ability to diff, patch, and merge versions of the files they manage. Unfortunately, the diffing, patching, and merging algorithms in existing version control systems are designed to work with text, and not with the types of files, such as 3D models, most commonly used by architects. This paper presents a high-level design for a command line program capable of diffing, patching, and merging openNURBS models, an open source 3D model format that enjoys widespread use among architects and other designers. Key algorithms are illustrated through simple geometric examples, and future plans to integrate the program into an existing version control system are described.
keywords	Version control, diffing, merging, openNURBS, 3D modeling, collaboration
series	journal
last changed	2024/04/17 14:30

_id	ascaad2023_125
id	ascaad2023_125
authors	Shata, Dina; Omrani, Sara; Drogemuller, Robin; Denman, Simon; Wagdy, Ayman
year	2023
title	Segmented Rooftop Dataset Generation: A Simplified Approach for Harnessing Solar Power Potential Using Aerial Imagery and Point Cloud Data
source	C+++: Computation, Culture, and Context – Proceedings of the 11th International Conference of the Arab Society for Computation in Architecture, Art and Design (ASCAAD), University of Petra, Amman, Jordan [Hybrid Conference] 7-9 November 2023, pp. 134-153.
summary	With rising global energy demands and climate change concerns, solar energy has gained traction as a sustainable source. However, optimal utilization of solar systems relies on accurately determining rooftop solar potential. This research presents a simplified methodology to generate a comprehensive dataset of segmented rooftops using publicly available aerial imagery and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) point cloud data. The primary objective is to enable precise prediction of solar photovoltaic (PV) capacity on residential rooftops by extracting key geometric features. The proposed approach first preprocesses raw LiDAR data to isolate building points and generates 3D mesh models of rooftops. A mesh analysis technique computes surface normal and tilt angles, stored as RGB images. Masks derived from the 3D meshes are combined with high-resolution aerial photos to extract cropped rooftop image segments. This overcomes the limitations of manually labelling imagery or relying on scarce 3D city models. The resulting dataset provides critical training and validation inputs for developing machine learning models to assess rooftop solar potential. An initial sample dataset of over 1100 residential rooftops in Brisbane, Australia was created to demonstrate the methodology's effectiveness. The workflow is structured, scalable and replicable, facilitating expansion across larger regions to generate big datasets encompassing diverse rooftop configurations. Overall, this research presents an efficient automated solution to harness essential dataset for training Deep Learning models. It holds significant potential to drive solar PV prediction, enabling the optimization of renewable energy systems and progressing sustainability goals.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2024/02/13 14:41

_id	ecaade2023_328
id	ecaade2023_328
authors	Andreou, Alexis, Kontovourkis, Odysseas, Solomou, Solon and Savvides, Andreas
year	2023
title	Rethinking Architectural Design Process using Integrated Parametric Design and Machine Learning Principles
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.461
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 461–470
summary	Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to process vast amounts of subjective and conflicting information in architecture. However, it has mostly been used as a tool for managing information rather than as a means of enhancing the creative design process. This work proposes an innovative way to enhance the architectural design process by incorporating Machine Learning (ML), a type of Artificial Intelligence (AI), into a parametric architectural design process. ML would act as a mediator between the architects' inputs and the end-users' needs. The objective of this work is to explore how Machine Learning (ML) can be utilized to visualize creative designs by transforming information from one form to another - for instance, from text to image or image to 3D architectural shapes. Additionally, the aim is to develop a process that can generate comprehensive conceptual shapes through a request in the form of an image and/or text. The suggested method essentially involves the following steps: Model creation, Revisualization, Performance evaluation. By utilizing this process, end-users can participate in the design process without negatively affecting the quality of the final product. However, the focus of this approach is not to create a final, fully-realized product, but rather to utilize abstraction and processing to generate a more understandable outcome. In the future, the algorithm will be improved and customized to produce more relevant and specific results, depending on the preferences of end-users and the input of architects.
keywords	End-users, Architects, Mass personalization, Visual programming, Neural Network Algorithm
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	cdrf2023_24
id	cdrf2023_24
authors	Haoran Ma, Hao Zheng
year	2023
title	Text Semantics to Image Generation: A Method of Building Facades Design Base on Stable Diffusion Model
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8405-3_3
source	Proceedings of the 2023 DigitalFUTURES The 5st International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2023)
summary	Stable Diffusion model has been extensively employed in the study of architectural image generation, but there is still an opportunity to enhance in terms of the controllability of the generated image content. A multi-network combined text-to-building facade image generating method is proposed in this work. We first fine-tuned the Stable Diffusion model on the CMP Facades dataset using the LoRA (Low-Rank Adaptation) approach, then we apply the ControlNet model to further control the output. Finally, we contrasted the facade generating outcomes under various architectural style text contents and control strategies. The results demonstrate that the LoRA training approach significantly decreases the possibility of fine-tuning the Stable Diffusion large model, and the addition of the ControlNet model increases the controllability of the creation of text to building facade images. This provides a foundation for subsequent studies on the generation of architectural images.
series	cdrf
email
last changed	2024/05/29 14:04

_id	caadria2023_149
id	caadria2023_149
authors	Goepel, Garvin, Guida, George and Loayza Nolasco, Ana Gabriela
year	2023
title	Towards Hyper-Reality – A Case Study Mixed Reality Art Installation
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.1.383
source	Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 383–392
summary	This paper reflects on the notion of hyper-reality through the creation of ‘Self-Compass’, an immersive mixed reality art installation. By merging the physical with overlayed digital 3D content, this study proposes a view of current notions of the metaverse as an extension of reality rather than a digitized replacement of it. This was demonstrated by augmenting a modular installation with an immersive digital counterpart through an augmented reality (AR) application accessible through mobile devices. ‘Self-compass’ combines a timber structure and a digital AR overlay into a radial configuration that framed eight views, revealing an historical connection beyond the immediate context, and inviting reflections on the relationship between oneself and place. The AR overlay merges meaning with data, allowing one to rethink the physical through the digital, and providing awareness of our impact on place across time. The paper discusses and evaluates applied methods of merging digital and physical objects through a mixed reality (MR) installation. It expands on current workflows through the development of an AR mobile application and examines simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) techniques, essential in the alignment of digital content within real-world environments. The paper concludes by illustrating the potential applications and impact of AR technologies within design practices by augmenting the physical and revealing a new hyper-reality.
keywords	Virtual and Augmented Environments, Mixed-Reality installation, Hyper-Reality
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2023/06/15 23:14

_id	ecaade2023_382
id	ecaade2023_382
authors	Blahut, Sarah and Harnoncourt-Fuchs, Marie-Therese
year	2023
title	Mixed Reality Interactive Representations for the Assembly of a Custom Timber Tower
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.751
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 751–760
summary	In recent years, many projects have emerged testing the use of augmented reality (AR) and mixed reality (MR) systems in the custom design and fabrication of architectural projects at a variety of scales using digital and analog tools. This paper presents a series of MR systems for key modes of interactive representations in the assembly process of a custom timber tower, intending to expand an area of research on the use of MR as a critical medium for architectural representation in design customization. The series of MR systems were developed to assist and expedite the physical assembly of customized timber parts and connections for the large-scale tower with a small team of students and carpenters. The MR systems are built as interactive representations of the 3D digital design model, allowing the user to see connections in real-time on physical materials in order to perform collaborative preparation and assembly tasks with analog tools. Each MR system relied on a single user, wearing a HoloLens 2, to use hand gestures to place and interact with 3D Rhino model representations of the tower and individual parts overlaid in the physical context at 1:1 scale. The MR systems deployed as interactive 3D representations were evaluated at three key stages in the material preparation and assembly processes. The project tested the use of MR systems created for a series of tasks that enabled the fast assembly of the tower, which is almost 10 meters high. The outlook explores the perspective of how MR systems augment modes of architectural representation through human interaction, collaboration, and accessibility (also for non-expert users), using digital and analog tools, and how these systems provide greater agency for customization and variety in design and building.
keywords	Mixed Reality, Interactive Representation, Customization, HoloLens2, Head-Mounted Display, Digital and Analog, Augmented Reality
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2023_403
id	ecaade2023_403
authors	Breseghello, Luca, Talaei, Ardeshir, Florenzano, Daniele and Naboni, Roberto
year	2023
title	Shape-Env - Camera-enhanced robotic terrain-shaping for complex 3D concrete printing
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.539
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 539–548
summary	Accounting for over 40% of global waste, the construction industry needs innovative approaches to reduce its environmental impact. Excavation soil is currently considered waste and disposed of in landfills, accounting for about five times household waste and being the most significant source by volume. However, 80% of the extracted soil from construction sites is estimated to be uncontaminated and could be reused. In parallel, 3D printing of concrete structures with non-standard geometry is still limited by complicated processes, which are challenging to upscale and be used for on-site construction scenarios. This project proactively explores terrain as a resource for automated construction, specifically using unprocessed soil as a reconfigurable moulding material for on-site 3D printing of geometrically complex concrete elements. To do so, a novel robotic process was developed and tested in a laboratory environment, combining high-precision robotic earthwork and 3D printing aided by camera vision to account for the unpredictable behaviour of soil with unknown composition and properties. The method was tested on a proof-of-concept experiment where concrete shell panels of topological complexity were successfully realised, extending the available design space for large-scale 3DCP with a reconfigurable, sustainable and low-cost approach.
keywords	Robotic Earthwork, Conformal Printing, 3D Concrete Printing, 3D Scanning
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	acadia23_v1_166
id	acadia23_v1_166
authors	Chamorro Martin, Eduardo; Burry, Mark; Marengo, Mathilde
year	2023
title	High-performance Spatial Composite 3D Printing
source	ACADIA 2023: Habits of the Anthropocene: Scarcity and Abundance in a Post-Material Economy [Volume 1: Projects Catalog of the 43rd Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9860805-8-1]. Denver. 26-28 October 2023. edited by A. Crawford, N. Diniz, R. Beckett, J. Vanucchi, M. Swackhamer 166-171.
summary	This project explores the advantages of employing continuum material topology optimization in a 3D non-standard lattice structure through fiber additive manufacturing processes (Figure 1). Additive manufacturing (AM) has gained rapid adoption in architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC). However, existing optimization techniques often overlook the mechanical anisotropy of AM processes, resulting in suboptimal structural properties, with a focus on layer-by-layer or planar processes. Materials, processes, and techniques considering anisotropy behavior (Kwon et al. 2018) could enhance structural performance (Xie 2022). Research on 3D printing materials with high anisotropy is limited (Eichenhofer et al. 2017), but it holds potential benefits (Liu et al. 2018). Spatial lattices, such as space frames, maximize structural efficiency by enhancing flexural rigidity and load-bearing capacity using minimal material (Woods et al. 2016). From a structural design perspective, specific non-standard lattice geometries offer great potential for reducing material usage, leading to lightweight load-bearing structures (Shelton 2017). The flexibility and freedom of shape inherent to AM offers the possibility to create aggregated continuous truss-like elements with custom topologies.
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2024/04/17 13:58

_id	architectural_intelligence2023_21
id	architectural_intelligence2023_21
authors	Chaohao Su, Meiqin Yuan, Yi Fan, Lu Zhu & Nan Hu
year	2023
title	Parametric design and modular construction of a large additive-manufactured hypar shell structure
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s44223-023-00041-0
source	Architectural Intelligence Journal
summary	Despite recent advances in additive manufacturing technologies, challenges remain to build 3D-printed structures at the architectural scale due to the high cost of large printing equipment. To address this challenge, modular construction has demonstrated its merit by making smaller prefabricated components and using on-site assembly. This paper presents a case study of a 3D-printed hypar shell structural art using modular construction. Guided by parametric design and structural analysis, we optimized the hypar shell to form a butterfly-like shape with a hollow-out pattern. The prefabrication of modular units was completed using commercial 3D printers to catch a limited production time. The prefabricated modular unit of the hypar shell was assembled on site for the Guangzhou International Light Festival, in which the lighting effect was added through the adjustable transparency of hollow spaces within the sandwiched panels. The 3D-printed hypar shell was also disassembled and rebuilt in the UK, showcasing the adaptability and flexibility of the modular design. The resulting 3D-printed structural art not only provides unique aesthetics for the built environment but also demonstrates the possibility of building large shell structures with a low budget by reducing complex falsework.
series	other
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2025/01/09 15:04

_id	ecaade2023_384
id	ecaade2023_384
authors	Conrad, John, Spencer, Lawson, Amador, Roberto, Linnehan, Tyler, Genedy, Moneeb, Nair, Sriramya and Zivkovic, Sasa
year	2023
title	Concrete Printed Gyroid Column: A structurally optimized, sand layer supported printing method
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.641
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 641–650
summary	The gyroid is a triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) that efficiently distributes high stress under compression loading. Despite the gyroid’s geometric ability to evenly distribute load, it has yet to be more broadly introduced to concrete additive manufacturing (AM). In part, this is due to the difficulty of effectively printing the steep sinusoidal cantilevers, which are inherent to the cellular nature of the gyroid geometry, with cementitious material. Consequently, the employment of the gyroid in AM has been limited to small and nano scale AM applications. This research paper integrates a reusable support material to 3D print concrete gyroid structures on layers of sand that are continuously added. Therefore, the cantilevers produced during the 3D printing process are supported by the sand as the gyroid print increases in height. This research paper demonstrates a sand layer supported printing (LSP) method to 3D print a structurally optimized concrete gyroid column. The resulting column demonstrates a parametric method whereby complex gyroid structures can be structurally optimized and manufactured using sand as a layer-by-layer support material.
keywords	Concrete Printing, Gyroid Structure, Sand Printing, Gyroid Column Optimization
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	caadria2023_63
id	caadria2023_63
authors	Czyñska, Klara
year	2023
title	Assessment of the Visual Impact of a Tall Building on a UNESCO Listed Historic Urban Landscape
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.1.615
source	Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 615–624
summary	This paper presents a methodology designed to study the visual impact of a tall building located in the vicinity of a protected area of exceptional cultural scenic value listed by the UNESCO World Heritage. Digital analyses of the city were carried out using the following methods: a) the Visual Impact Size (VIS), which allows to determine both the visual impact field and the domination of architectural objects in space; b) simulations of selected views from the human eyesight level. The proposed cityscape survey methodology is presented based on the example of the city of Toruñ (Poland) in relation to the location of a planned high-rising building. The study used a 3D Digital Surface Model of the city (DSM). All simulations were carried out using proprietary software (C++).
keywords	digital cityscape analysis, historical cityscape, heritage protection, UNESCO, viewshed, 3d isovist, VIS method, tall buildings
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2023/06/15 23:14

_id	acadia23_v2_174
id	acadia23_v2_174
authors	Dayyem Khan, Muhammad; Varadharajan, Tharanesh; A Keller, Zachary; Aghaei Meibodi, Mania
year	2023
title	BioMatters: The Robotic 3D-Printed Biodegradable Wood-Based Formwork for Cast-in-place Concrete Structures
source	ACADIA 2023: Habits of the Anthropocene: Scarcity and Abundance in a Post-Material Economy [Volume 2: Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference for the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9891764-0-3]. Denver. 26-28 October 2023. edited by A. Crawford, N. Diniz, R. Beckett, J. Vanucchi, M. Swackhamer 174-183.
summary	‘BioMatters’ explores methods of creating wood-based material for 3D Printing freeform concrete formwork. The concrete industry is widely acknowledged as a significant contributor to waste, pollution, and resource consumption. Typical concrete formwork, which constitutes 40% of the overall expenses in concrete construction, is a significant source of waste. Recent 3D printing advancements in concrete formwork offer increased design flexibility, significantly reduced concrete consumption, minimal material waste, and improved productivity. This research project represents a pioneering advancement in 3D printing formwork by investigating robotic 3D printing methods with wood-based materials that are fully biodegradable, reusable, and recyclable. The paper presents a novel method of coupling robotic 3D printing of wood-based material with incremental set-on-demand concrete casting to create zero-waste, freeform concrete structures. Here, the concrete takes its shape from the 3D-printed wood formwork and, at the same time, concrete stabilizes the 3D printed wood to prevent its deformation on a larger scale. Once the concrete is cured, the formwork is removed and is fully recycled by grinding and rehydrating the material with water, thus creating a nearly zero-waste formwork solution. The method is investigated involving the design and fabrication of a pair of 1.8-meter-high structural columns. This project focuses on utilizing the material from previous 3D printed formwork for each subsequent column, to evaluate the reusability of the material. The project explores various aspects, including sequential rebar integration, the correlation between the geometric properties of the 3D printed formwork, and the rheology hydrostatic pressure of the concrete mix in relation to material design.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2024/12/20 09:12

_id	ecaade2023_290
id	ecaade2023_290
authors	Dzurilla, Dalibor, Sopher, Hadas and Dorta, Tomás
year	2023
title	Architect-Client Communication During Co-ideation with 2D Digital and 3D Immersive Sketches
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.221
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 221–230
summary	Effective architect-client communication is crucial for the successful progress of the design process. Traditional 2D sketches may pose challenges due to the high uncertainty experienced by clients regarding the project. This kind of communication is perceived as the intersection of clarity of information, clarity of sketched representations, and suitable communication methods (verbal and non-verbal). Aiming to support it, this case study evaluates the level of uncertainty and clarity experienced by architects and clients when using 2D digital sketches and immersive 3D sketches during co-ideation. This case study followed an architect and two clients co-ideating two similar small projects, using three digital sketching tools: 3D sketches on Gravity Sketch using Oculus Quest 2 VR headsets, Hyve-3D co-design immersive projection system (VR without headsets), and 2D sketches with a digital tablet using its pen. Each project included three twenty-minute sessions per tool, followed by a questionnaire. Preliminary findings suggest that 3D sketches offer better clarity and reduce participants' uncertainty. We found generally high expectations from the tools at the beginning of the collaborative sessions and a subsequent decrease in impressions at the end due to the lack of clarity of the proposed representations. The immersive projection system better supported non-verbal communication, observed through gestures, whereas the VR headset restricted this activity.
keywords	Architect-Client Communication, Digital 3D Sketching, Social VR, HMD, Co-ideation
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ijac202321208
id	ijac202321208
authors	Ennemoser, Benjamin; Mayrhofer-Hufnagl, Ingrid
year	2023
title	Design across multi-scale datasets by developing a novel approach to 3DGANs
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing 2023, Vol. 21 - no. 2, 358–373
summary	The development of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) has accelerated the research of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in architecture as a generative tool. However, since their initial invention, many versions have been developed that only focus on 2D image datasets for training and images as output. The current state of 3DGAN research has yielded promising results. However, these contributions focus primarily on building mass, extrusion of 2D plans, or the overall shape of objects. In comparison, our newly developed 3DGAN approach, using fully spatial building datasets, demonstrates that unprecedented interconnections across different scales are possible resulting in unconventional spatial configurations. Unlike a traditional design process, based on analyzing only a few precedents (typology) according to the task, by collaborating with the machine we can draw on a significantly wider variety of buildings across multiple typologies. In addition, the dataset was extended beyond the scale of complete buildings and involved building components that define space. Thus, our results achieve a high spatial diversity. A detailed analysis of the results also revealed new hybrid architectural elements illustrating that the machine continued the interconnections of scale since elements were not explicitly part of the dataset, becoming a true design collaborator.
keywords	3D Generative adversarial networks, architectural design, Spatial Interpolations
series	journal
last changed	2024/04/17 14:30

_id	cdrf2023_526
id	cdrf2023_526
authors	Eric Peterson, Bhavleen Kaur
year	2023
title	Printing Compound-Curved Sandwich Structures with Robotic Multi-Bias Additive Manufacturing
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8405-3_44
source	Proceedings of the 2023 DigitalFUTURES The 5st International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2023)
summary	A research team at Florida International University Robotics and Digital Fabrication Lab has developed a novel method for 3d-printing curved open grid core sandwich structures using a thermoplastic extruder mounted on a robotic arm. This print-on-print additive manufacturing (AM) method relies on the 3d modeling software Rhinoceros and its parametric software plugin Grasshopper with Kuka-Parametric Robotic Control (Kuka-PRC) to convert NURBS surfaces into multi-bias additive manufacturing (MBAM) toolpaths. While several high-profile projects including the University of Stuttgart ICD/ITKE Research Pavilions 2014–15 and 2016–17, ETH-Digital Building Technologies project Levis Ergon Chair 2018, and 3D printed chair using Robotic Hybrid Manufacturing at Institute of Advanced Architecture of Catalonia (IAAC) 2019, have previously demonstrated the feasibility of 3d printing with either MBAM or sandwich structures, this method for printing Compound-Curved Sandwich Structures with Robotic MBAM combines these methods offering the possibility to significantly reduce the weight of spanning or cantilevered surfaces by incorporating the structural logic of open grid-core sandwiches with MBAM toolpath printing. Often built with fiber reinforced plastics (FRP), sandwich structures are a common solution for thin wall construction of compound curved surfaces that require a high strength-to-weight ratio with applications including aerospace, wind energy, marine, automotive, transportation infrastructure, architecture, furniture, and sports equipment manufacturing. Typical practices for producing sandwich structures are labor intensive, involving a multi-stage process including (1) the design and fabrication of a mould, (2) the application of a surface substrate such as FRP, (3) the manual application of a light-weight grid-core material, and (4) application of a second surface substrate to complete the sandwich. There are several shortcomings to this moulded manufacturing method that affect both the formal outcome and the manufacturing process: moulds are often costly and labor intensive to build, formal geometric freedom is limited by the minimum draft angles required for successful removal from the mould, and customization and refinement of product lines can be limited by the need for moulds. While the most common material for this construction method is FRP, our proof-of-concept experiments relied on low-cost thermoplastic using a specially configured pellet extruder. While the method proved feasible for small representative examples there remain significant challenges to the successful deployment of this manufacturing method at larger scales that can only be addressed with additional research. The digital workflow includes the following steps: (1) Create a 3D digital model of the base surface in Rhino, (2) Generate toolpaths for laminar printing in Grasshopper by converting surfaces into lists of oriented points, (3) Generate the structural grid-core using the same process, (4) Orient the robot to align in the direction of the substructure geometric planes, (5) Print the grid core using MBAM toolpaths, (6) Repeat step 1 and 2 for printing the outer surface with appropriate adjustments to the extruder orientation. During the design and printing process, we encountered several challenges including selecting geometry suitable for testing, extruder orientation, calibration of the hot end and extrusion/movement speeds, and deviation between the computer model and the physical object on the build platen. Physical models varied from their digital counterparts by several millimeters due to material deformation in the extrusion and cooling process. Real-time deviation verification studies will likely improve the workflow in future studies.
series	cdrf
email
last changed	2024/05/29 14:04

_id	ecaade2023_365
id	ecaade2023_365
authors	Fragkia, Vasiliki and Worre Foged, Isak
year	2023
title	Thermodynamic Architectural Surfaces An integrative modeling method for thermal design of wood and PCM lightweight structures
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.631
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 631–640
summary	Designing thermodynamic architectural surfaces in architecture, is driven mainly by material performance, excluding subjective thermal sensation, as a driving design factor. The aim of this paper is the development of new integrative methods for the implementation of thermally active responsive material structures in architecture and construction, focused on application for intrinsic non-isolated thermodynamic architectural surfaces. Through an experimental case study, we present new methods to identify, develop and test novel lightweight structures, combining wood and phase change materials, with bespoke thermal performance. The research findings suggest that the coordination between geometric configuration, material hierarchy and human proximity, can allow for high-resolution steering of the wood-PCM thermodynamic performance in an architectural scale. This in turn allows a material- driven approach for developing a thermally responsive system directly engaging with human thermal sensation.
keywords	Thermodynamics, Dynamic boundaries, Phase change materials, Lightweight structures
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ascaad2023_127
id	ascaad2023_127
authors	Gamal, Heba; Elmahdy, Deena
year	2023
title	Assessment of User Interaction Using Photogrammetry as a Tool for Preserving Rosetta Stone
source	C+++: Computation, Culture, and Context – Proceedings of the 11th International Conference of the Arab Society for Computation in Architecture, Art and Design (ASCAAD), University of Petra, Amman, Jordan [Hybrid Conference] 7-9 November 2023, pp. 74-89.
summary	Many Egyptian artifacts, statues, and monuments are displayed in museums around the world, where most of them are illegally transferred. One of these monuments is the Rosetta stone, which is located at the British Museum in London, where Egypt has been demanding its return for years. Many applications such as Photogrammetry can be used to temporarily document, restore, and preserve any missing or damaged monuments that no longer exist. The paper aims to assess the user interaction with the absence of unattainable/looted artifacts focusing on the Rosetta stone using photogrammetry as a tool. This would increase users ‘awareness and interaction with their heritage through the integration of virtual and augmented techniques. The method used Recap Autodesk software as a guideline to generate an accurate 3D model of the stone to simulate a real environment. 3D Vista software and Vuforia Unity plugin were used for virtual and augmented user interaction. A survey has been done on 36 participants to test the model for assessing their interaction. The results recorded high interaction and satisfaction from the participants through experiencing the virtual tours of the Rosetta stone in its actual environments via augmented reality. Introducing Photogrammetry techniques would not only help to preserve the missing pieces but also reduce the boundaries between various generations and their heritage. Moreover, VR and AR can help museums attract new audiences and encourage repeat visits from existing ones. Additionally, these technologies can help museums reach a wider audience by providing virtual tours and exhibits that can be accessed from anywhere in the world, making it easier for people to engage with art and culture regardless of their location.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2024/02/13 14:41

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