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CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	ecaade2023_210
id	ecaade2023_210
authors	Buyukmihci, Kaan and Yazici, Sevil
year	2023
title	A Generative Design Model for Demolition Waste Reuse
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 79–86
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.079
summary	Inefficient resource management and excessive consumption of resources have led to the depletion of natural resources and increased waste in landfills, as the construction industry being a major contributor to global waste with construction and demolition waste making up a significant portion of it. It is critical to find alternatives for reintegration and reuse of the construction. By incorporating recycled aggregates from demolition waste with rammed-earth, it is possible to generate a durable, healthy, highly reusable and sustainable alternative to the common building materials that have serious environmental impacts. This study takes previous research about the recycled aggregate incorporated rammed earth further with a design approach that uses a generative system that follows the rules based on the function, context and material. Final design is chosen from the generated design alternatives and the modules required for the production are prepared with the mixture of recycled-aggregate, cement and fly ash. Then the modules are combined with an interlocking system that offers a convenient, laborless production process. We aim to promote the wider use of the earthen structures by re-interpreting the design and production process by generating design alternatives with modules driven by shape grammars for the recycled-aggregate based rammed earth.
keywords	Demolition Waste, Reuse, Rammed-earth, Generative Design, Shape Grammars
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2023_000
id	ecaade2023_000
authors	Dokonal, Wolfgang, Hirschberg, Urs and Wurzer, Gabriel
year	2023
title	eCAADe 2023 Digital Design Reconsidered - Volume 1
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, 905 p.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.001
summary	The conference logo is a bird’s eye view of spiral stairs that join and separate – an homage to the famous double spiral staircase in Graz, a tourist attraction of this city and a must-see for any architecturally minded visitor. Carved out of limestone, the medieval construction of the original is a daring feat of masonry as well as a symbolic gesture. The design speaks of separation and reconciliation: The paths of two people that climb the double spiral stairs separate and then meet again at each platform. The relationship between architectural design and the growing digital repertoire of tools and possibilities seems to undergo similar cycles of attraction and rejection: enthusiasm about digital innovations – whether in Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, Energy Design, Robotic Fabrication, the many Dimensions of BIM or, as right now, in AI and Machine Learning – is typically followed by a certain disillusionment and a realization that the promises were somewhat overblown. But a turn away from these digital innovations can only be temporary. In our call for papers we refer to the first and second ‘digital turns’, a term Mario Carpo coined. Yes, it’s a bit of a pun, but you could indeed see these digital turns in our logo as well. Carpo would probably agree that design and the digital have become inseparably intertwined. While they may be circling in different directions, an innovative rejoinder is always just around the corner. The theme of the conference asked participants to re-consider the relationship between Design and the Digital. The notion of a cycle is already present in the syllable “re”. Indeed, 20 years earlier, in 2003, we held an ECAADE conference in Graz simply under the title “Digital Design” and our re-using – or is it re-cycling? – the theme can be seen as the completion of one of those cycles described above: One level up, we meet again, we’ve come full circle. The question of the relationship between Design and the Digital is still in flux, still worthy of renewed consideration. There is a historical notion implicit in the theme. To reconsider something, one needs to take a step back, to look into the past as well as into the future. Indeed, at this conference we wanted to take a longer view, something not done often enough in the fast-paced world of digital technology. Carefully considering one’s past can be a source of inspiration. In fact, the double spiral stair that inspired our conference logo also inspired many architects through the ages. Konrad Wachsmann, for example, is said to have come up with his famous Grapevine assembly system based on this double spiral stair and its intricate joinery. More recently, Rem Koolhaas deemed the double spiral staircase in Graz important enough to include a detailed model of it in his “elements of architecture” exhibition at the Venice Biennale in 2014. Our interpretation of the stair is a typically digital one, you might say. First of all: it’s a rendering of a virtual model; it only exists inside a computer. Secondly, this virtual model isn’t true to the original. Instead, it does what the digital has made so easy to do: it exaggerates. Where the original has just two spiral stairs that separate and join, our model consists of countless stairs that are joined in this way. We see only a part of the model, but the stairs appear to continue in all directions. The implication is of an endless field of spiral stairs. As the 3D model was generated with a parametric script, it would be very easy to change all parameters of it – including the number of stairs that make it up. Everyone at this conference is familiar with the concept of parametric design: it makes generating models of seemingly endless amounts of connected spiral stairs really easy. Although, of course, if we’re too literal about the term ‘endless’, generating our stair model will eventually crash even the most advanced computers. We know that, too. – That's another truth about the Digital: it makes a promise of infinity, which, in the end, it can’t keep. And even if it could: what’s the point of just adding more of the same: more variations, more options, more possible ways to get lost? Doesn’t the original double spiral staircase contain all those derivatives already? Don’t we know that ‘more’ isn’t necessarily better? In the original double spiral stair the happy end is guaranteed: the lovers’ paths meet at the top as well as when they exit the building. Therefore, the stair is also colloquially known as the Busserlstiege (the kissing stair) or the Versöhnungsstiege (reconciliation stair). In our digitally enhanced version, this outcome is no longer clear: we can choose between multiple directions at each level and we risk losing sight of the one we were with. This is also emblematic of our field of research. eCAADe was founded to promote “good practice and sharing information in relation to the use of computers in research and education in architecture and related professions” (see ecaade.org). That may have seemed a straightforward proposition forty years ago, when the association was founded. A look at the breadth and depth of research topics presented and discussed at this conference (and as a consequence in this book, for which you’re reading the editorial) shows how the field has developed over these forty years. There are sessions on Digital Design Education, on Digital Fabrication, on Virtual Reality, on Virtual Heritage, on Generative Design and Machine Learning, on Digital Cities, on Simulation and Digital Twins, on BIM, on Sustainability, on Circular Design, on Design Theory and on Digital Design Experimentations. We hope you will find what you’re looking for in this book and at the conference – and maybe even more than that: surprising turns and happy encounters between Design and the Digital.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2023_001
id	ecaade2023_001
authors	Dokonal, Wolfgang, Hirschberg, Urs and Wurzer, Gabriel
year	2023
title	eCAADe 2023 Digital Design Reconsidered - Volume 2
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, 899 p.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.001
summary	The conference logo is a bird’s eye view of spiral stairs that join and separate – an homage to the famous double spiral staircase in Graz, a tourist attraction of this city and a must-see for any architecturally minded visitor. Carved out of limestone, the medieval construction of the original is a daring feat of masonry as well as a symbolic gesture. The design speaks of separation and reconciliation: The paths of two people that climb the double spiral stairs separate and then meet again at each platform. The relationship between architectural design and the growing digital repertoire of tools and possibilities seems to undergo similar cycles of attraction and rejection: enthusiasm about digital innovations – whether in Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, Energy Design, Robotic Fabrication, the many Dimensions of BIM or, as right now, in AI and Machine Learning – is typically followed by a certain disillusionment and a realization that the promises were somewhat overblown. But a turn away from these digital innovations can only be temporary. In our call for papers we refer to the first and second ‘digital turns’, a term Mario Carpo coined. Yes, it’s a bit of a pun, but you could indeed see these digital turns in our logo as well. Carpo would probably agree that design and the digital have become inseparably intertwined. While they may be circling in different directions, an innovative rejoinder is always just around the corner. The theme of the conference asked participants to re-consider the relationship between Design and the Digital. The notion of a cycle is already present in the syllable “re”. Indeed, 20 years earlier, in 2003, we held an ECAADE conference in Graz simply under the title “Digital Design” and our re-using – or is it re-cycling? – the theme can be seen as the completion of one of those cycles described above: One level up, we meet again, we’ve come full circle. The question of the relationship between Design and the Digital is still in flux, still worthy of renewed consideration. There is a historical notion implicit in the theme. To reconsider something, one needs to take a step back, to look into the past as well as into the future. Indeed, at this conference we wanted to take a longer view, something not done often enough in the fast-paced world of digital technology. Carefully considering one’s past can be a source of inspiration. In fact, the double spiral stair that inspired our conference logo also inspired many architects through the ages. Konrad Wachsmann, for example, is said to have come up with his famous Grapevine assembly system based on this double spiral stair and its intricate joinery. More recently, Rem Koolhaas deemed the double spiral staircase in Graz important enough to include a detailed model of it in his “elements of architecture” exhibition at the Venice Biennale in 2014. Our interpretation of the stair is a typically digital one, you might say. First of all: it’s a rendering of a virtual model; it only exists inside a computer. Secondly, this virtual model isn’t true to the original. Instead, it does what the digital has made so easy to do: it exaggerates. Where the original has just two spiral stairs that separate and join, our model consists of countless stairs that are joined in this way. We see only a part of the model, but the stairs appear to continue in all directions. The implication is of an endless field of spiral stairs. As the 3D model was generated with a parametric script, it would be very easy to change all parameters of it – including the number of stairs that make it up. Everyone at this conference is familiar with the concept of parametric design: it makes generating models of seemingly endless amounts of connected spiral stairs really easy. Although, of course, if we’re too literal about the term ‘endless’, generating our stair model will eventually crash even the most advanced computers. We know that, too. – That's another truth about the Digital: it makes a promise of infinity, which, in the end, it can’t keep. And even if it could: what’s the point of just adding more of the same: more variations, more options, more possible ways to get lost? Doesn’t the original double spiral staircase contain all those derivatives already? Don’t we know that ‘more’ isn’t necessarily better? In the original double spiral stair the happy end is guaranteed: the lovers’ paths meet at the top as well as when they exit the building. Therefore, the stair is also colloquially known as the Busserlstiege (the kissing stair) or the Versöhnungsstiege (reconciliation stair). In our digitally enhanced version, this outcome is no longer clear: we can choose between multiple directions at each level and we risk losing sight of the one we were with. This is also emblematic of our field of research. eCAADe was founded to promote “good practice and sharing information in relation to the use of computers in research and education in architecture and related professions” (see ecaade.org). That may have seemed a straightforward proposition forty years ago, when the association was founded. A look at the breadth and depth of research topics presented and discussed at this conference (and as a consequence in this book, for which you’re reading the editorial) shows how the field has developed over these forty years. There are sessions on Digital Design Education, on Digital Fabrication, on Virtual Reality, on Virtual Heritage, on Generative Design and Machine Learning, on Digital Cities, on Simulation and Digital Twins, on BIM, on Sustainability, on Circular Design, on Design Theory and on Digital Design Experimentations. We hope you will find what you’re looking for in this book and at the conference – and maybe even more than that: surprising turns and happy encounters between Design and the Digital.
series	eCAADe
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2024/08/29 08:36

_id	acadia23_v1_100
id	acadia23_v1_100
authors	Donahue, Katie; Hoerath, Katharina
year	2023
title	The Pulp Projects: Fiber Re-Fabrication
source	ACADIA 2023: Habits of the Anthropocene: Scarcity and Abundance in a Post-Material Economy [Volume 1: Projects Catalog of the 43rd Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9860805-8-1]. Denver. 26-28 October 2023. edited by A. Crawford, N. Diniz, R. Beckett, J. Vanucchi, M. Swackhamer 100-109.
summary	The Pulp Projects is a body of design research, material experimentation, and community art exhibition that questions waste cycles and overlooked material opportunities of discarded cellulose products. The objectives: 1. Intervene in post-consumer waste cycles, 2. Provoke community interaction and facilitate education on sustainable materials, and 3. Explore unexpected material opportunities through new approaches to digital technique. Three projects in this ongoing study are highlighted in order to propose new techniques in fiber-material re-fabrication. After evaluating the challenges of handwork, laser cutting, and water jet, two trajectories prove promising: Extrusion 3D printing of pulp and 5-axis Computer Numerical Control (CNC) milling of pulp. When paired with the appropriate fiber and slurry mixes, this offers improved scalability, economy, durability, structure, texture, color and form. This project proposes that these digital tooling techniques be deployed in conjunction with hand techniques - consider for texture or color - in order to index the imprint of human use on these reincarnated materials, and embolden their storytelling for a wide audience.
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2024/04/17 13:58

_id	caadria2023_210
id	caadria2023_210
authors	Linker, Gitit, Gillis, Elisheva, Freedman, Danny, Segal, Adi, Zermati, Noa, Naim, Or, Partook, Rebecca Hila and Nathansohn, Nof
year	2023
title	Designed to Grow: 3D Printing of Seeds
source	Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 211–220
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.2.211
summary	The prevalent use of inorganic, non-local materials in construction and design in the age of ecological crisis, calls for experiments with new, more sustainable components. In this research, we suggest re-thinking the incorporation of flora in design, by developing a new material for additive manufacturing (AM), that utilizes the constructive potential in the root entanglement of germinating seeds. The material which is comprised of a hydrogel and seeds is used to create 3D printed objects. These transform over time and the material receives new properties and qualities. The seeds develop into plants which finally wither, the plants roots intertwine and strengthen the structure of the designed shape as the sustaining hydrogel disintegrates. The object is comprised of organic biodegradable components only, that can be prepared for AM in simple processes. By doing so, the result is an accessible method of creating plant based and digitally designed objects. Our research challenges the conventional approach for integrating nature into the built environment. While flora is most commonly subsequently added as an external addition to the designed object, in this work, seeding is an integral part of the fabrication process. This allows us to introduce a new workflow for ecological design and fabrication.
keywords	Material Development, 3D printing, 3D Bioprinting, Digital Fabrication, Sustainable Design, Post Printing Transformation
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2023/06/15 23:14

_id	sigradi2023_510
id	sigradi2023_510
authors	Naboni, Roberto, Kunic, Anja, Jensen, Christina and Sander, Sara
year	2023
title	Re-VoxLam Truss. Topology optimisation and reclaimed voxel lamination of horizontal wood structures.
source	García Amen, F, Goni Fitipaldo, A L and Armagno Gentile, Á (eds.), Accelerated Landscapes - Proceedings of the XXVII International Conference of the Ibero-American Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2023), Punta del Este, Maldonado, Uruguay, 29 November - 1 December 2023, pp. 1311–1322
summary	Despite its potential to decarbonise the built environment, wood is often found on construction sites as a source of waste rather than building material. In Denmark, wood is mainly used for temporary structures envisioned for short life cycles and single use, after which it is destined for incineration, defining it as “sustainable energy”. This research proposes an innovative design-to-fabrication process for sourcing timber waste as a valuable matter for a novel typology of structural elements, thereby extending their lifecycle and carbon sequestration capabilities. The work employs a voxel-based approach to designing and optimising complex wood structures, utilising computational stress analysis to determine material layouts reflecting the reclaimed stock. The physical construction voxels, with specific material strength and fibre orientation, are laminated into a functionally graded composite structure, namely the Re-VoxLam Beam. This prototype is demonstrated as a proof-of-concept of the proposed approach for decarbonising construction and upcycling wood waste.
keywords	Digital craft, Reclaimed timber, Voxel lamination, Multi-material structural layouts, Additive fabrication, Topology optimisation
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2024/03/08 14:08

_id	sigradi2023_259
id	sigradi2023_259
authors	Paiva, Ricardo, Braga, Bruno and Torquato Lima Da Silva, Joao Marcello
year	2023
title	Contemporary Architectures in Ceará [arq.con.ce]: Digital Diagrams
source	García Amen, F, Goni Fitipaldo, A L and Armagno Gentile, Á (eds.), Accelerated Landscapes - Proceedings of the XXVII International Conference of the Ibero-American Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2023), Punta del Este, Maldonado, Uruguay, 29 November - 1 December 2023, pp. 325–336
summary	The production of contemporary architecture in Ceará is part of an economic, political and cultural-ideological context of alignment with global economic flows, constituting a significant collection to be documented and analyzed. The use of BIM as a technology that uses parametric models for inventory, documentation, intervention, management, promotion and analysis of existing projects and buildings allows, in addition to its (re)construction through virtual simulation, the exploration and management of information, becoming an object and source of study. Modeling also enables the construction of digital diagrams that allow the understanding of design processes, as well as interpretation. In this context, the objective of this paper is to analyze the process of constructing digital diagrams through the BIM platform as a strategy for analyzing contemporary architecture in Ceará, taking as a case study institutional buildings for higher education, namely the Advanced Campus of the Federal University of Ceará - UFC in Russas.
keywords	Digital diagram, BIM, 3D modeling, Ceará, Campus Avançado Russas (UFC).
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2024/03/08 14:07

_id	caadria2023_320
id	caadria2023_320
authors	Ponzio, Angelica Paiva, Chornobai, Sara Regiane, Fagundes, Cristian Vinicius Machado, Rodrigues, Ricardo Cesar and Cunha Hafez José, Gustavo
year	2023
title	Exploring Creative AI Thinking in the Design Process: The Design Intelligence Strategy
source	Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 49–58
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.2.049
summary	This article is part of an exploratory and experimental applied research that seeks to discuss different design strategies with significant potential to stimulate creativity and innovation in the architectural design process. Envisioning a future in which machines are not merely used as tools for creating data, but also to play a role that can enhance the design process itself, this research presents as its fundamental question the possibility of employing a combinatorial use of diffusion models, associated to parametric modeling as a means of predicting, developing, and ultimately optimizing environmentally conscious design proposals. Thus, our ultimate goal is to outline a novel methodology not only capable of stimulating creativity, but also enriching critical thinking and problem-solving skills for sustainable solutions in the early stages of the design process. The strategy here called Design Intelligence Strategy, uses referential design thinking concepts and processes to generate, analyze, compare and (re)systematize data. The object of study is a small house unit with limited constraints, to be implemented in a climatic location through formally adaptive characteristics. The results indicate that the AI generated images have potential to guide the process to climate-effective solutions, besides also being able to be implemented in academic studios.
keywords	Artificial Intelligence, Diffusion Models, Computational Design, Design Process, Creative Methodologies
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2023/06/15 23:14

_id	ecaade2023_389
id	ecaade2023_389
authors	Szentesi-Nejur, Szende, de Luca, Francesco, Nejur, Andrei and Madelat, Payam
year	2023
title	Early Design Clustering Method Considering Equitable Daylight Distribution in The Adaptive Re-Use of Heritage Buildings
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 105–114
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.105
summary	The re-use of existing buildings is gaining importance worldwide in the context of the carbon reduction efforts. In the case of Québec City there is a large number of heritage buildings that are currently unused. There are ongoing projects to breathe new life in these buildings, mainly by converting them in residential units. At the same time there is a growing preoccupation in Québec province towards energy efficiency and proper daylighting in both new and existing buildings. This is reflected in the emergence of new regulations concerning new buildings. In relation to existing buildings there are no regulations, but optimal daylight is a desired feature that can contribute significantly to the quality and attractiveness of newly designed spaces in the existing premises. In the case of heritage buildings, the additional conceptual challenge is to create properly daylit spaces while maintaining the character defining elements of the building, including facades and openings. Therefore, a digital workflow was developed to be integrated in the earliest schematic phase of design to ensure an equitable distribution of existing daylight in the newly created spatial units of heritage buildings. The method is based on an adapted constrained K-means clustering algorithm that works on daylight simulation data.
keywords	adaptive re-use, heritage buildings, daylight optimization, clustering method, early design digital tools
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	acadia23_v2_430
id	acadia23_v2_430
authors	Vaidhyanathan, Vishal; T R, Radhakrishnan; Garcia del Castillo Lopez, Jose Luis
year	2023
title	Spacify: A Generative Framework for Spatial Comprehension, Articulation and Visualization using Large Language Models (LLMs) and eXtended Reality (XR)
source	ACADIA 2023: Habits of the Anthropocene: Scarcity and Abundance in a Post-Material Economy [Volume 2: Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference for the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9860805-9-8]. Denver. 26-28 October 2023. edited by A. Crawford, N. Diniz, R. Beckett, J. Vanucchi, M. Swackhamer 430-443.
summary	Spatial design, the thoughtful planning and creation of built environments, typically requires advanced technical knowledge and visuospatial skills, making it largely exclusive to professionals like architects, interior designers, and urban designers. This exclusivity limits non-experts' access to spatial design, despite their ability to describe requirements and suggestions in natural language. Recent advancements in generative artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language models (LLMs), and extended reality, (XR) offer the potential to address this limitation. This paper introduces Spacify (Figure 1), a framework that utilizes the generalizing capabilities of LLMs, 3D data-processing, and XR interfaces to create an immersive medium for language-driven spatial understanding, design, and visualization for non-experts. This paper describes the five components of Spacify: External Data, User Input, Spatial Interface, Large Language Model, and Current Spatial Design; which enable the use of generative AI models in a) question/ answering about 3D spaces with reasoning, b) (re)generating 3D spatial designs with natural language prompts, and c) visualizing designed 3D spaces with natural language descriptions. An implementation of Spacify is demonstrated via an XR smartphone application, allowing for an end-to-end, language-driven interior design process. User survey results from non-experts redesigning their spaces in 3D using this application suggest that Spacify can make spatial design accessible using natural language prompts, thereby pioneering a new realm of spatial design that is naturally language-driven.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2024/04/17 13:59

_id	ecaade2023_25
id	ecaade2023_25
authors	Weissenböck, Renate and Werner, Jan Michael
year	2023
title	Analogue Computation: An educational framework for introducing first-year architecture students to parametric design through manual making
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 11–20
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.011
summary	This paper describes an educational framework for introducing first-year architecture students to concepts of parametric design through manual making, without the use of digital tools. Responding to shifts in our current society and culture, the authors developed a new curriculum for the first-year-course “Architectural and Artistic Design” at the FH JOANNEUM University of Applied Sciences and refined it over the last three years. The intention was to prepare students to their highly digitized future careers in architecture, by focusing on the thinking process, the major aspect of parametric design. The didactic concept of using analog tools reacts to the digital saturation of Generation Z students, and the post-digital re-awareness of physical and material aspects. Students engaged in a series of small tasks in open-ended “design through making” processes, applying parametric concepts for experimental form finding. The course assignment was to design a modular spatial structure, based on adjustable parameters of module geometry, connection strategy, and assembly logic. The results were assessed through student feedback and demonstrate the educational and creative value of this pedagogical approach and indicate that the students improved their understanding of parametric design as a thinking process beyond current technologies.
keywords	Analogue Computation, Parametric Design, Parametric Thinking, Design Through Making, Manual Making, Modular Structures, Design Education
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2023_138
id	ecaade2023_138
authors	Crolla, Kristof and Wong, Nichol
year	2023
title	Catenary Wooden Roof Structures: Precedent knowledge for future algorithmic design and construction optimisation
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 611–620
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.611
summary	The timber industry is expanding, including construction wood product applications such as glue-laminated wood products (R. Sikkema et al., 2023). To boost further utilisation of engineered wood products in architecture, further development and optimisation of related tectonic systems is required. Integration of digital design technologies in this endeavour presents opportunities for a more performative and spatially diverse architecture production, even in construction contexts typified by limited means and/or resources. This paper reports on historic precedent case study research that informs an ongoing larger study focussing on novel algorithmic methods for the design and production of lightweight, large-span, catenary glulam roof structures. Given their structural operation in full tension, catenary-based roof structures substantially reduce material needs when compared with those relying on straight beams (Wong and Crolla, 2019). Yet, the manufacture of their non-standard geometries typically requires costly bespoke hardware setups, having resulted in recent projects trending away from the more spatially engaging geometric experiments of the second half of the 20th century. The study hypothesis that the evolutionary design optimisation of this tectonic system has the potential to re-open and expand its practically available design solution space. This paper covers the review of a range of built projects employing catenary glulam roof system, starting from seminal historic precedents like the Festival Hall for the Swiss National Exhibition EXPO 1964 (A. Lozeron, Swiss, 1964) and the Wilkhahn Pavilions (Frei Otto, Germany, 1987), to contemporary examples, including the Grandview Heights Aquatic Centre (HCMA Architecture + Design, Canada, 2016). It analysis their structural concept, geometric and spatial complexity, fabrication and assembly protocols, applied construction detailing solutions, and more, with as aim to identify methods, tools, techniques, and construction details that can be taken forward in future research aimed at minimising construction complexity. Findings from this precedent study form the basis for the evolutionary-algorithmic design and construction method development that is part of the larger study. By expanding the tectonic system’s practically applicable architecture design solution space and facilitating architects’ access to a low-tech producible, spatially versatile, lightweight, eco-friendly, wooden roof structure typology, this study contributes to environmentally sustainable building.
keywords	Precedent Studies, Light-weight architecture, Timber shell, Catenary, Algorithmic Optimisation, Glue-laminated timber
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	acadia23_v3_19
id	acadia23_v3_19
authors	Dickey, Rachel
year	2023
title	Material Interfaces
source	ACADIA 2023: Habits of the Anthropocene: Scarcity and Abundance in a Post-Material Economy [Volume 3: Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference for the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9891764-1-0]. Denver. 26-28 October 2023. edited by A. Crawford, N. Diniz, R. Beckett, J. Vanucchi, M. Swackhamer 24-32.
summary	Based on our current daily rate, 85,410 hours is the average amount of time that an adult in the United States will spend on their phone in a lifetime (Howarth 2023). This is time spent texting, tweeting, emailing, snapping, chatting, posting, and interacting with an interface which each of us carry in our pocket. Kelly Dobson explains, “We psychologically view the cell phone as an extension of our bodies, which is why when you accidentally forget it or leave it behind you feel you have lost apart of yourself” (2013). In reality, this device is just one of many technologies which affect our relationship with our bodies and the physical world. Additionally, Zoom meetings, social media networks, on-line shopping, and delivery robots, all increasingly detach our bodies and our senses from our everyday experiences and interactions. In response to digital culture, Liam Young writes, “Perhaps the day will come when we turn off our target ads, navigational prompts, Tinder match notifications, and status updates to find a world stripped bare, where nothing is left but scaffolds and screens” (2015). Make no mistake; the collection of projects shared in these field notes is intended to be a counterpoint to such a prophesied future. However, the intent is not to try to compete with technology, but rather, to consider the built environment itself as an interface, encouraging interaction through feedback and responsivity directly related to human factors, finding ways to re-engage the body through design.
series	ACADIA
type	field note
email
last changed	2024/04/17 13:59

_id	ecaade2023_236
id	ecaade2023_236
authors	Drechsel, Matti, Förster, Nick, Berger, Dominik, Schubert, Gerhard and Petzold, Frank
year	2023
title	Mobilizing Publics - Reconsidering digital design as a catalyst in co-creation processes
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 671–680
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.671
summary	Digital design has developed methods to address complex urban planning issues like the transformation of mobility using analytical tools and urban data. Simultaneously, such wicked problems require negotiation among involved stakeholders and situated knowledge. Even though contemporary City Digital Twin and urban data initiatives acknowledge this sociotechnical aspect (1&2), linking data analysis and participatory negotiations remains unresolved. In this paper, we bridge this gap by reconsidering digital design as a hybrid practice mediating between quantitative and qualitative approaches, between different stakeholders’ perspectives, and urban strategies (3). We explore this approach in the EU-funded New-European-Bauhaus initiative project “NEBourhoods”. Our action within this project addresses the mobility transformation of a car-centered late modernist housing estate in Munich. This initiative involves a digitally supported co-creation process, including a participatory platform, workshops, and two physical demonstrators for multifunctional mobility stations. Building upon earlier research in the context of design-decision support, collaborative design, and gamification, we discuss how these elements can be articulated as a hybrid strategy, mediating between heterogeneous aspects of urban mobility and different stakeholders’ perspectives. Firstly, we introduce spatial data analysis tools in participatory workshops with local experts and multipliers. Hence, the participants contextualize geospatial data and augment analytical data with situated knowledge. Successively we define possible locations and functions for the prototypical demonstrators. Consecutively we delve into these selected areas: Using a gamified mobile phone app, we gather information on local mobility practices and facilitate a co-creation process on the configuration of the demonstrators. Finally, the participatory app allows discussing and monitoring the implemented demonstrators and thus fosters a broader discussion on mobility transformation. In conclusion, we discuss how digital design assembles and mediates this strategy for mobility transformation. Thus, we focus on how digital tools gather and re-configure relevant perspectives, interactions, and elements in this hybrid co-creation process.
keywords	Participation, Mobility, Urban Data, Gamification, Collaboration, Mobility, Design-Decision Support
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ascaad2023_022
id	ascaad2023_022
authors	Elwazani, Salim; Kollu, Pavan
year	2023
title	A Model of Settings for Historic Preservation
source	C+++: Computation, Culture, and Context – Proceedings of the 11th International Conference of the Arab Society for Computation in Architecture, Art and Design (ASCAAD), University of Petra, Amman, Jordan [Hybrid Conference] 7-9 November 2023, pp. 551-567.
summary	This study views the historic preservation process as a model of four interconnected settings, normalized here as preservation motive, resource configurations, design role, and project construction. These settings have the potential for more effective exchanges for the benefit of the preservation undertaking. Therefore, we examined the workings of the settings, in general, and explained how the “design role” setting, in particular, can capitalize on such potential. We selected international programs as the data sources and used the comparative approach for analysis. We have concluded that the model works to maintain the wholeness of preservation undertakings. Further, the “design role” setting crystalizes the wisdom of the “preservation motive” and the “resource configurations” settings for re-shaping the building on paper and subsequently, onsite. The results present for historic researchers, resource surveyors, and preservation designers a heightened opportunity for interaction with their counterparts in the setting continuum for increased efficiencies of the preservation process. Firms and workers associated with the settings have the advantage of interpreting and adapting the model to their circumstances.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2024/02/13 14:34

_id	caadria2023_246
id	caadria2023_246
authors	Li, Chenxiao, Bao, Ding Wen, Yan, Xin, Wu, Renhu and He, Chenming
year	2023
title	A Nature-Inspired Experimental Method for Re-Generating Porous Architectural Systems Based on Environmentally Data-Driven Performance
source	Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 271–280
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.1.271
summary	Weathering scenery, as one of the most representative time-consuming natural features, is associated with many characteristics through aspects of specialized morphology, porosity, adaptability, and regenerative ability. Because of its unique porous structure and majestic, randomly three-dimensional composition, it has inspired lots of creations in industrial design, art crafts, and graphic design fields. But in architectural generative design, very limited projects are related to weathering. However, in recent decades, the advancements in computer-aided design tools have made it possible to implement rigorous computational methods in complex geometrical systems. This research tries to learn from the weathering evolution and apply the characteristics in the pursuit of enriching nature-inspired architecture. The experiments will focus on one specific weathering behavior, using wind-blown particles as weathering agents, and introduce an experimental method of generating the performance-based porosity architectural system responding to environmental agents’ effects. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), Bi-Directional Evolutionary Structural Optimization (BESO), and Swarm Intelligence are employed to negotiate between surface, structure, and environmental space. This study of the porosity architectural system is concerned not only with discovering new possibilities for intricate and complex nature-inspired architectural forms, but also with negotiating and considering humans and nature as equal decision-makers.
keywords	Porosity, Topology Optimization, Bi-directional Evolutionary Structural Optimization (BESO), Swarm Intelligence, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), Nature-inspired Form-Finding
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2023/06/15 23:14

_id	caadria2023_129
id	caadria2023_129
authors	Liu, Yisi, Webb, Nick and Brown, Andre
year	2023
title	The Re-creation of a Demolished House Based on Collective Memory
source	Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 363–372
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.1.363
summary	This paper investigates how the collective memory of an architectural setting can be captured, re-created, and re-experienced. The method uses a workflow to create a Virtual Environment (VE) from diverse sources in an interpretational and iterative process. A case study was implemented to test this workflow, focusing on the re-creation of a now demolished family home based on information from multiple generations of a family. The workflow's main output is a VE in which the family members can re-experience the house and give continuous feedback. The essence of this workflow is the constant negotiation between remembered space in memory and its digital interpretation in the VE. The output was assessed and refined according to the users' feedback, which is used to loop back to specific stages in the workflow. This process revealed undisclosed histories and enhanced our understanding of this demolished site and its wider context. Moreover, the workflow provides a model for studying conceptually recreated spaces based on subjective sources and provides a user-centred experience in the VE.
keywords	Demolished houses, Collective memory, Interpretation, Virtual environment, User-centred
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2023/06/15 23:14

_id	acadia23_v2_166
id	acadia23_v2_166
authors	Nicholas, Paul; Lharchi, Ayoub; Tamke, Martin; Valipour Goudarzi, Hasti; Eppinger, Carl; Sonne, Konrad; Rossi, Gabriella; Ramsgaard Thomsen, Mette
year	2023
title	Biopolymer Composites in Circular Design: Malleable Materials for an Instable Architecture
source	ACADIA 2023: Habits of the Anthropocene: Scarcity and Abundance in a Post-Material Economy [Volume 2: Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference for the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9860805-9-8]. Denver. 26-28 October 2023. edited by A. Crawford, N. Diniz, R. Beckett, J. Vanucchi, M. Swackhamer 166-173.
summary	This paper examines temporality within material and architectural cascades. It takes point of departure in the perception of bio-based materials as abundant within the emerging framework of bio-based circular design, and the need for materials that can incorporate flexibility to local availability, ecological implications, and cost. In this paper we introduce a specific biopolymer composite composed of interchangeable constituent materials from agricultural waste streams, and describe the malleability of this material through the processes of material composition and robotic fabrication, and the re-activation of its thermoplastic properties. We examine the design opportunities this opens for cascading, and how processes of repair, refitting, and recycling of a malleable material create ongoing instabilities of the object that can be conceptually and practically exploited at both architectural and material levels. We identify and describe these opportunities within the context of ‘Radicant’, a 3D printed wall paneling system made from the bio-polymer composite. We also present a series of experiments that exemplify how the strategic localized reactivation of the printed material can ideate new architectural strategies of repairing, refurbishing, and recycling.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2024/04/17 13:59

_id	ascaad2023_051
id	ascaad2023_051
authors	Salama, Ali; Garboushian, Razmig; Si, Yue; Correa, David
year	2023
title	Reinterpreting Zellige Tiles through Ceramic 3D Printing
source	C+++: Computation, Culture, and Context – Proceedings of the 11th International Conference of the Arab Society for Computation in Architecture, Art and Design (ASCAAD), University of Petra, Amman, Jordan [Hybrid Conference] 7-9 November 2023, pp. 166-186.
summary	The intricate details of Zellige tile work in Islamic architecture have high cultural significance and important sacred associations. The quasi-crystalline geometry found in el Attarine Madrassa Zellige patterns are a splendid example of the geometric rigour and exceptional craftsmanship of these sacred decorations. Modern methods have been used to reproduce these complex patterns, but these methods are mostly focused on duplication, rather than contributing to the analysis and re-contextualization of these motifs. Where recent studies have investigated the tectonics and structural limitations of ceramic additive manufacturing, few have explored its unique capabilities of re-interpretation and abstraction. This paper investigates the Zellige tiles of el Attarine Madrassa in Fes through formal and tectonic prototyping via clay 3D printing. Adjustments to the pattern by twisting, shifting, and shrinking were evaluated to observe what new interpretations additive manufactured ceramics can provide to the reading of the pattern at an architecture scale. In parallel, custom tool path design strategies were developed to address the unique intersection and overlapping issues that resulted from the intricate linework of the mosaic’s geometric pattern. Several full-scale physical prototypes were developed to assess the success and design opportunities of each strategy. Design iterations were also conducted to develop a key stone assembly sequence while also testing assembly tolerances and bonding between component units. Lastly, a dome mosaic assembly was designed for an arbour structure to evaluate the architectural implications of the developed tile system. The objective is for this 3D printed investigation to simultaneously honour and innovate upon the rich continuum of craft tradition, culture, embodied knowledge, and spirit within these geometries.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2024/02/13 14:34

_id	acadia23_v1_110
id	acadia23_v1_110
authors	Scelsa, Jonathan; Sheward, Gregory; Birkeland, Jennifer; Liu, Jemma; Lin, Yun Jou
year	2023
title	Centripetal Clay Printing : Six-Axis Prints for Habitat Column
source	ACADIA 2023: Habits of the Anthropocene: Scarcity and Abundance in a Post-Material Economy [Volume 1: Projects Catalog of the 43rd Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9860805-8-1]. Denver. 26-28 October 2023. edited by A. Crawford, N. Diniz, R. Beckett, J. Vanucchi, M. Swackhamer 110-115.
summary	Gottfried Semper, in his 1851 text The Four Elements of Architecture, famously classifies architecture into four elemental parts: the hearth, the roof, the enclosure, and the mound, describing the role of the last three to be the “defenders of the hearth’s flame against the three hostile elements of nature (Semper 2011).” Modernity has witnessed the role of enclosure evolve to that of a sealed envelope, or one which meticulously separates the ‘natural environment,’ from the internally regulated environment as part of modern comfort. The post-modern advent of the rain-screen has further separated the layer of exteriorized cultural expression from the structuring envelope, removing the ornamental aspect of Semper’s enclosure, from the enclosing layer. This habit of casting the natural processes out of our building envelopes has resulted in the rapid depletion of space for biodiversity within our cities. Joyce Hwang in her essay “Living Among Pests,” has suggested that the needed reconnection of biodiversity with our urban buildings will force a re-examination of “facade articulation to take on more responsibilities. Ornament will become performative” (Hwang 2013).
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2024/04/17 13:58

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