Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	sigradi2023_38
id	sigradi2023_38
authors	Borges, Marina, Portugal, Ana Paula, Gorges, Diego and Oliveira, Bernardo Virgílio
year	2023
title	Urban Performance: Parametric Digital Process for Simulation and Analysis of Occupancy in Regional Centralities Areas of Belo Horizonte
source	García Amen, F, Goni Fitipaldo, A L and Armagno Gentile, Á (eds.), Accelerated Landscapes - Proceedings of the XXVII International Conference of the Ibero-American Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2023), Punta del Este, Maldonado, Uruguay, 29 November - 1 December 2023, pp. 1633–1644
summary	The present study aims to explore the urgent issue of urban expansion and its impact on cities, with a specific focus on the regional centrality areas of Belo Horizonte. The main contribution of this work is the development of a parametric model to assess the environmental impact of intensive occupation in these areas and verify their compliance with sustainable development criteria. The study directly addresses the challenges arising from rapid urbanization, offering a digital approach to analyze and simulate the impact of intensive urban occupation in the regional centrality areas. As a methodology, we used georeferenced data, the Grasshopper parametric modeling software, and the Ladybug plugin for environmental simulations, effectively combining empirical information and computational tools to obtain significant results related to the impacts resulting from the proposed densification.
keywords	Urban Data Analysis, Urban Design, Parametric Urbanism, Sustainability, Parametric Modeling.
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2024/03/08 14:09

_id	ascaad2023_084
id	ascaad2023_084
authors	Borges, Marina; Portugal, Ana Paula; Gorges, Diego
year	2023
title	Urban Performance: Parametric Digital Process for Simulation and Analysis of Occupancy in Regional Centralities Area of Belo Horizonte
source	C+++: Computation, Culture, and Context – Proceedings of the 11th International Conference of the Arab Society for Computation in Architecture, Art and Design (ASCAAD), University of Petra, Amman, Jordan [Hybrid Conference] 7-9 November 2023, pp. 242-252.
summary	The present study aims to explore the urgent issue of urban expansion and its impact on cities, with a specific focus on the regional centrality areas of Belo Horizonte. The main contribution of this work is the development of a parametric model to assess the environmental impact of intensive occupation in these areas and verify their compliance with sustainable development criteria. The study directly addresses the challenges arising from rapid urbanization, offering a digital approach to analyze and simulate the impact of intensive urban occupation in the regional centrality areas. As a methodology, we used georeferenced data, the Grasshopper parametric modeling software, and the Ladybug plugin for environmental simulations, effectively combining empirical information and computational tools to obtain significant results related to the impacts resulting from the proposed densification.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2024/02/13 14:40

_id	caadria2023_253
id	caadria2023_253
authors	Li, Jinze and Tang, Peng
year	2023
title	Multisource Analysis of Big Data on Street Vitality Using GIS Mapping and Deep Learning: A Case Study of Ding Shu, China
source	Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 565–574
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.1.565
summary	Urban vitality is the driving force behind sustainable urban development. As the most frequently used public space in cities, the enhancement of street vitality is of great significance for improving human-centred habitats. Based on multi-source big data, this study uses spatial and statistical analysis methods to explore the impact factors of street vitality. Through the quantitative evaluation of these factors, we propose corresponding strategies to enhance the vitality of the street. Firstly, the spatial elements of streets are extracted using deep learning algorithm based on the acquired street view images. Further, the impact factors of street vitality are demonstrated using statistical methods by combining multi-source data. We established an evaluation system based on the impact factors of street vitality, which can quantify and predict street vitality. In this way, we can propose vitality enhancement strategy for the street with lower vitality in a targeted approach. The feasibility of the process is demonstrated by using Ding Shu as an example. This study provides a basic framework for a people-centred approach to enhance street vitality based on big data. It also contributes to causal inference in urban problems.
keywords	Multi-source data, street vitality, deep learning, spatial analysis, statistical analysis, causal inference, people-centred city
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2023/06/15 23:14

_id	ecaade2023_107
id	ecaade2023_107
authors	Moralioglu, Begum and Gül, Leman Figen
year	2023
title	[des-Fi]XR: Envisioning future spaces with XR technologies by using design fiction
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 873–882
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.873
summary	We present an innovative approach to envisioning future architectural spaces by combining Design Fiction principles and Extended Reality (XR) technologies. With the advent of XR technologies, human actions and interactions within spaces may change, necessitating a rethinking of architectural design. This anticipated change reveals a significant gap in current design practices, which typically do not account for such technological influences. In addressing this gap, our study contributes by offering the [des-Fi]XR tool, designed to facilitate collaborative discussions and stimulate innovative thinking among architects and designers. Through the design of immersive environments, the [des-Fi]XR tool allows for the investigation of speculative design scenarios for future architectural spaces in response to evolving human behaviors shaped by XR. A-Frame, an open-source framework, has been utilized in the development of [des-Fi]XR to ensure accessibility across a broad range of devices. This study presents [des-Fi]XR tool to envision future spaces with XR technologies by incorporating a design fiction kit and A-Frame. We discuss the methodology, design principles, and development of [des-Fi]XR, along with a short analysis of its benefits and drawbacks. Finally, we conclude our research by exploring avenues for future research in this field, further highlighting the importance of filling the existing knowledge gap to anticipate and respond to the future of architectural spaces shaped by evolving XR technologies.
keywords	Design Fiction, Future Architecture, Extended Reality, A-Frame, Hybrid Spaces
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2023_38
id	ecaade2023_38
authors	Tan, Chuheng and Ying, Dongqi
year	2023
title	A “Designer-centric” Framework for Building Massing optimization
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 147–156
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.147
summary	Performance-based architectural design often faces challenges due to the complex interactions between wind, solar data, and building massing. Although massing optimization frameworks help address these challenges, limitations still exist, such as restricting designers' authorship and being time-consuming. To tackle these issues, a new workflow is proposed that combines wind and sun analysis, Evolutionary Algorithm (EA), and machine learning (ML) methods. This framework consists of two main stages: (1) combining designer intention with wind and solar simulations in an EA to generate optimized massing based on real-world buildings, and (2) training a machine learning model that remaps the distribution of the designer's intentions and building layouts. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed workflow in generating efficient and detailed building massing layouts that meet specific requirements. This "designer-centric" approach enables machines to optimize architect’s intentions, rather than forcing them to adapt to machine calculations. It will become an efficient, user-friendly human-machine collaborative tool for assisting in future building layout designs.
keywords	Designer-centric Collaboration, Evolutionary Algorithm, Performance-based Layout Optimization
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2023_142
id	ecaade2023_142
authors	Xu, Qianbin, Fialho Teixeira, Frederico and Shafiei, Maryam
year	2023
title	Frameworks in Flexible Timber Design Systems Combining Mortise-Tenon Joints and Discrete Timber Blocks
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 283–292
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.283
summary	Mortise-tenon joints (MTJs) have widely been used in traditional Chinese timber frames (TCTF) while rarely applied in contemporary design. This research investigates whether computational design of discrete architecture through employing the shape grammars approach allows for flexible timber architecture with MTJs to re-imagine the TCTF for contemporary architecture. Through critical analysis of a few available frameworks in timber design systems, this paper develops a new framework that combines MTJs and discrete timber blocks to generate architectural forms through rule-based shape grammars. To this end, this research initially explores the characteristics and importance of MTJs in TCTF, along with the potential of its application to contemporary architecture. It then analyses the reconfiguration of timber blocks with MTJs in discrete strategies. Further, it explores the applicability of parametric shape grammars in generating various architectural forms of discrete blocks with MTJs. Ultimately, this paper synthesizes the relevance of MTJs’ principles and modular system to discrete design strategies and shape grammars for the framework of a flexible timber design system. This system will create a hybrid design approach to timber design with MTJs for contemporary applications in further research.
keywords	Mortise-Tenon Joints, Traditional Chinese Timber Frames, Discrete Timber Blocks, Discrete Strategies, Shape Grammars
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2023_226
id	ecaade2023_226
authors	Yau, Ho Man, Dounas, Theodoros, Jabi, Wassim and Lombardi, Davide
year	2023
title	Timber joints analysis and design using Shape and Graph Grammar-based Machine Learning approach
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 569–578
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.569
summary	Timber joints had been applied as one of the primary methods across different cultures of building construction. The technique of crafting timber joints uses simple geometry to connect different components without the need of adhesives or fixings. Digitalisation and computational design method provided a new approach to developing complex timber joint connections. By combining this traditional technique with computational design methods, shape, and graph grammar opened new opportunities in reinterpreting timber joint designs. In this paper, we proposed a timber joints’ synthetic dataset preparation using shape grammar and graph grammar for machine learning applications. The research focused on designing a prototype of a shape grammar extraction system and graph extraction system manually and using Topologic in Sverchok, Blender, with a discussion on how to shape grammar applications help to analysis and create a larger database for future machine learning development of this project.
keywords	Shape grammar, Graph grammar, Timber structures, Parametric design, Machine learning
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	sigradi2023_212
id	sigradi2023_212
authors	Gaspar Vereza, Carolina and Leitao de Souza, Thiago
year	2023
title	Urbanization Projects for the Santo Antônio Hill recreated by Digital Simulation
source	García Amen, F, Goni Fitipaldo, A L and Armagno Gentile, Á (eds.), Accelerated Landscapes - Proceedings of the XXVII International Conference of the Ibero-American Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2023), Punta del Este, Maldonado, Uruguay, 29 November - 1 December 2023, pp. 855–864
summary	This work is part of master's research that has as main objective to analyze the plans referring to the Santo Antônio Hill, elaborated in the 20th century. For that moment, a pilot test was conducted with the Urban Plan of Affonso Reidy (1948). The proposal is to analyze the plans through the historical-interpretative method that investigates immersion as a guiding concept. It is intended to elaborate a three-dimensional model that combined with the use of digital simulation allows a first-person experience, in a pedestrian point of view, inserted in these city proposals. The work seeks to encourage discussions about the use of digital simulation for experimenting with elaborated but not built projects, seeking to complement the traditional ways of analysis and comparison.
keywords	City History, Digital Simulation, Immersive Experience in 360°, Historical Reconstruction, Santo Antonio Hill.
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2024/03/08 14:07

_id	caadria2023_325
id	caadria2023_325
authors	Globa, Anastasia, Yildirim, Muhammed, Lyu, Kun and Gocer, Ozgur
year	2023
title	Evaluation of Interactive VR Environments for Architecture
source	Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 351–360
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.2.351
summary	Despite the potential advantages of new architectural practices and learning forms, there has been very limited adoption of VR systems in the field of architectural design and education. Considerable obstacles to implementing VR applications are associated with substantial time, and expense commitments; in addition to required skills in VR development using gaming authoring software. The overarching study suggests adopting an alternative approach to VR development. This paper focuses on the testing and validation of architectural VR applications. We present a systematic methodology for the evaluation of interactive VR systems, using established assessment methods and metrics, detailing user-testing procedures and providing qualitative and quantitative evidence, and relevant data analysis methods. The paper provides valuable insight into the design of the user studies and evaluation of interactive VR environments in architecture, enabling future research and informing design applications in a wider field.
keywords	VR, Virtual Site Visits, User Testing in VR, Virtual Environment Evaluation, VR in Architecture
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2023/06/15 23:14

_id	sigradi2023_218
id	sigradi2023_218
authors	Leitao de Souza, Thiago, Gaspar Vereza, Carolina, Biz Medina, Jonatham, de Oliveira Milhm, Julio, Boner da Silva, Gabriel, Apostolo dos Santos Freire Salvador, Lucas, Ferreira Santos, Victor, Pousas Puig, Joao Gabriel and Henriques Monzatto de Mattos, Felipe
year	2023
title	Game Engines in the Historical Landscape: Interchangeable Layers of the City in Victor Meirelles and Henri Langerock's Panorama of Rio de Janeiro
source	García Amen, F, Goni Fitipaldo, A L and Armagno Gentile, Á (eds.), Accelerated Landscapes - Proceedings of the XXVII International Conference of the Ibero-American Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2023), Punta del Este, Maldonado, Uruguay, 29 November - 1 December 2023, pp. 865–874
summary	This work is part of an ongoing research entitled “The 360- immersive: investigation, representation and digital immersion of Rio de Janeiro city during 19th and 20th centuries”, which aims at the theoretical, conceptual and instrumental analysis and discussion of the Panorama of Rio de Janeiro by Victor Meirelles and Henri Langerock in the Unity Game Engine. It presents an historical-interpretive method with application in Digital Graphics. To this end, it was considered necessary: to recreate the 360- immersive experience of the Panorama in real time; its context experience during the historical layers of 1885, 1915, 2020, and a fourth combination between previous layers, based in specific geometric models; programming in C# the movement of the player-observer, scenes, interaction with objects and the player's own navigation through the game menu.
keywords	Virtual Reality, City History, Immersive Experience in 360°, Panorama of Rio de Janeiro, Game Engines.
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2024/03/08 14:07

_id	acadia23_v2_352
id	acadia23_v2_352
authors	Wei, Jiaying; Cardoso Llach, Daniel; Bard, Joshua
year	2023
title	Responsive Robotic Assembly System With Heterogeneous Materials: A Case Study with Unprocessed Wood
source	ACADIA 2023: Habits of the Anthropocene: Scarcity and Abundance in a Post-Material Economy [Volume 2: Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference for the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9891764-0-3]. Denver. 26-28 October 2023. edited by A. Crawford, N. Diniz, R. Beckett, J. Vanucchi, M. Swackhamer 352-360.
summary	This paper explores how robotic automated assembly can be adapted towards archi- tectural materials, and develops a dual planning and design framework between ROS (Robot Operating System) and Grasshopper for responsive assembly with non-stan- dardized tree branches. The framework synthesizes features of adaptive path planning, material analysis, and parametric design as an efficient and dynamic feedback system to adjust robot trajectory planning and design decision-making. It creates the potential for adaptive mass-customized fabrication with heterogeneous natural materials. The paper documents iterate research and testing leading to a series of prototypes using wood branches collected in local parks and forests as test materials. Approaching these through a bi-directional, real-time system, we bypass industrial standardization; confront geometric and tectonic challenges unique to irregular, biological forms; and evaluate the system's performance. The framework embodies techniques in 3D map generation and calibration through sensors, empirical design solver, and data efficiency organization. This distributed, resourceful approach to fabrication challenges the historical tendency of automation technologies towards increased mass standardization and capital concentra- tion. The attention to direct employment of non-standardized raw wood not only supports biologically inspired computational designs, but also ecologically friendly fabrication practices that scavenge waste materials and save costs from material-standardization treatment. Responding to the global concerns of waste management and resource repur- posing, the research seeks to contribute towards an equitable, ecological, architectural design practice with computation and semi-autonomous robots.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2024/12/20 09:12

_id	ecaade2023_145
id	ecaade2023_145
authors	Dortheimer, Jonathan, Schubert, Gerhard, Dalach, Agata, Brenner, Lielle Joy and Martelaro, Nikolas
year	2023
title	Think AI-side the Box! Exploring the Usability of text-to-image generators for architecture students
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 567–576
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.567
summary	This study examines how architecture students use generative AI image generating models for architectural design. A workshop was conducted with 25 participants to create designs using three state-of-the-art generative diffusion models and BIM or 3D modeling software. Results showed that the participants found the image-generating models useful for the preliminary design stages but had difficulty when the design advanced because the models did not perform as they expected. Finally, the study shows areas for improvement that merit further research. The paper provides empirical evidence on how generative diffusion models are used in an architectural context and contributes to the field of digital design.
keywords	Machine Learning, Diffusion Models, Design Process, Computational Creativity
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	caadria2023_141
id	caadria2023_141
authors	Zhu, Guanqi, Zhou, Xinyi, Zhang, Jun, Liu, Guogang, Hao, Shimeng and Luo, Dan
year	2023
title	Automatic Robotic Construction for Customisable Rammed Earth Walls
source	Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 109–118
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.2.109
summary	Rammed earth construction has long been operated as a manual process involving unsaturated loose soil compacted inside a formwork. Earth soil is a type of highly sustainable naturalistic raw material decomposable with minimum environmental impact, with diverse colour and properties along by default. In addition, the high thermal resistance and moisture-absorbing quality of rammed earth walls significantly benefit the passive environmental comfort of the established environment. However, the manual process of rammed earth construction is excessively time and labour-intensive and highly dependent on skilled workers. More importantly, the visual effects on the vertical surface have long been overlooked by designers and builders, which has the potential to fulfil the aesthetic variety of facades. However, distributing the earth material with various colours to the specific position hinges upon the advanced fabrication accuracy and skilled workers. This process is similar to working in a black box, where it is hard to evaluate and detect the fabrication situation. Therefore, to tap into the potential of rammed earth construction, this research aims to develop an automatic robotic system capable of constructing rammed walls with a customisable distribution of different soil layers precisely.
keywords	robotic fabrication, rammed earth construction, automatic construction, material research
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2023/06/15 23:14

_id	sigradi2023_258
id	sigradi2023_258
authors	Guesser Schmitt, Isabela, Resende Souza, Maria Lívia and Verzola Vaz, Carlos Eduardo
year	2023
title	Digital Twin Prototype for Urban Walkability in City of Florianópolis
source	García Amen, F, Goni Fitipaldo, A L and Armagno Gentile, Á (eds.), Accelerated Landscapes - Proceedings of the XXVII International Conference of the Ibero-American Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2023), Punta del Este, Maldonado, Uruguay, 29 November - 1 December 2023, pp. 669–680
summary	This article presents the development of a digital twin prototype to study urban walkability in Florianópolis, Brazil. The digital twin aims to analyze the relationship between urban density, mix of uses and urban patterns, focusing on the counting of people on the sidewalks. The prototype uses ultrasonic sensors and an Arduino Uno board. Three measurement points with different patterns of occupation and land use were selected. Preliminary results revealed limitations in the sensors, especially in complex passing patterns. The roughness of the surfaces also interfered with the readings. Proposed improvements include the addition of a third sensor and the use of a tripod mount. The study contributes to the understanding of urban walkability and may provide useful information for sustainable urban planning in other cities.
keywords	Virtual Environments, Digital Twin, Walkability, Ultrasonic Sensor, Arduino
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2024/03/08 14:07

_id	ecaade2023_436
id	ecaade2023_436
authors	Bank Stigsen, Mathias, Moisi, Alexandra, Rasoulzadeh, Shervin, Schinegger, Kristina and Rutzinger, Stefan
year	2023
title	AI Diffusion as Design Vocabulary - Investigating the use of AI image generation in early architectural design and education
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 587–596
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.587
summary	This paper investigates the potential of Text-to-Image AI in assisting the ideation phase in architectural design and education. The study proposes a structured workflow and tests it with first-year architecture students. It aims to create a comprehensive design vocabulary by using AI-generated images as primary design references and incorporating them into a modelling workflow. The paper implements a process combining specific vocabulary extraction, image generation, 2D to 3D translation, and spatial composition within a six weeklong design course. The findings suggest that such a process can enhance the ideation phase by generating new and diverse design inspirations, improve spatial understanding through the exploration of various design elements, and provide students with a targeted visual vocabulary that helps define design intention and streamlines the modelling process.
keywords	Artificial Intelligence, Text-to-Image, Midjourney, Architectural design, Design ideation, 2D to 3D
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	sigradi2023_239
id	sigradi2023_239
authors	Barber Sarasola, Gabriela
year	2023
title	The Smart City Flâneur: Explorations of the Digital in Public Space
source	García Amen, F, Goni Fitipaldo, A L and Armagno Gentile, Á (eds.), Accelerated Landscapes - Proceedings of the XXVII International Conference of the Ibero-American Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2023), Punta del Este, Maldonado, Uruguay, 29 November - 1 December 2023, pp. 889–900
summary	The SXIX flâneur has mutated and unfolded by acquiring new urban consumption tools and logic. With the rise of smart cities, digital technologies act in the city, reconfiguring a phenomenon that represents new ways the citizen experiences and redefines the city. In Vidialab several projects combining digital technologies with urban-architectural heritage are developed. Three case studies representative of the application of different technologies are chosen. This paper seeks to reflect on these urban practices and their correlates from the perspective of the digital flâneur and the smart city.
keywords	Flâneur, Smart City, New Media, Heritage, Augmented Reality
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2024/03/08 14:07

_id	ecaade2023_403
id	ecaade2023_403
authors	Breseghello, Luca, Talaei, Ardeshir, Florenzano, Daniele and Naboni, Roberto
year	2023
title	Shape-Env - Camera-enhanced robotic terrain-shaping for complex 3D concrete printing
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 539–548
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.539
summary	Accounting for over 40% of global waste, the construction industry needs innovative approaches to reduce its environmental impact. Excavation soil is currently considered waste and disposed of in landfills, accounting for about five times household waste and being the most significant source by volume. However, 80% of the extracted soil from construction sites is estimated to be uncontaminated and could be reused. In parallel, 3D printing of concrete structures with non-standard geometry is still limited by complicated processes, which are challenging to upscale and be used for on-site construction scenarios. This project proactively explores terrain as a resource for automated construction, specifically using unprocessed soil as a reconfigurable moulding material for on-site 3D printing of geometrically complex concrete elements. To do so, a novel robotic process was developed and tested in a laboratory environment, combining high-precision robotic earthwork and 3D printing aided by camera vision to account for the unpredictable behaviour of soil with unknown composition and properties. The method was tested on a proof-of-concept experiment where concrete shell panels of topological complexity were successfully realised, extending the available design space for large-scale 3DCP with a reconfigurable, sustainable and low-cost approach.
keywords	Robotic Earthwork, Conformal Printing, 3D Concrete Printing, 3D Scanning
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2023_164
id	ecaade2023_164
authors	Coskun, Agit and Brath Jensen, Mads
year	2023
title	Integrating Additional Elements in Clay 3D Printing with Human Intervention
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 741–750
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.741
summary	The research demonstrates combining permanent wood structures and steel joints with concrete-clay 3D printing. The study aims to investigate methods for the insertion of additional elements during the 3D process and explore methods for how to inform the 3D printed geometry towards the integration of external elements, including spatial, structural, and aesthetic requirements. As a step in the design process, the ideas of various infill patterns are executed through hand sketches at the beginning; then, the drawings are exported to Grasshopper parametrically at the scale. The connection types, infill density, and nozzle size are all considered when designing infills, and it is thought to specify the required lengths between print paths on each print layer, nozzle size, and extrusion speed. Grasshopper is essentially used to test and simulate how 3D printing works while drawing with clay. Upon selecting the required form, openings are created on both sides of the walls where the additional elements are placed. Thus, a greater understanding of the material-fabrication process interaction and the possibilities offered by computational design is required to integrate with these elements, which are timber, concrete, and steel. The subsequent phase of the investigation also included adding more features to the wall while printing it with human intervention, such as steel placements for the wooden structure. In this paper, during the 3-month investigations, the research produced many physical prototypes with different infill strategies. The variations of the infills were enumerated and compared based on structural stability, aesthetic and functional purposes, infill density, and connection types in the infill (self-tangent, half-overlap, and full overlap). One of these variations was chosen to create two walls for the design of a shelter as a case. The final prototype will give details of how the timber structures will be integrated into 3d printed walls with human intervention during the 3D printing process.
keywords	Clay 3d printing, Wooden structures, Steel supports, Infill strategies, Arch openings
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	acadia23_v2_194
id	acadia23_v2_194
authors	Dade-Robertson, Martyn; Arnardottir, Thora; Lee, Sunbin; Loh, Joshua; Gilmour, Katie; Zhang, Meng
year	2023
title	Engineered Living Fabrication: Combining hardware, wetware and software for the non-entropic guided growth of microbial cellulose
source	ACADIA 2023: Habits of the Anthropocene: Scarcity and Abundance in a Post-Material Economy [Volume 2: Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference for the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9891764-0-3]. Denver. 26-28 October 2023. edited by A. Crawford, N. Diniz, R. Beckett, J. Vanucchi, M. Swackhamer 194-204.
summary	This research presents the development and application of an Engineered Living Fabrication (ELF) system, a novel approach for fabricating materials using biological self-assembly and robotic hardware. The ELF system incorporates microbial cellulose, grown via custom fermentation vessels, into a bio-manufacturing process enhanced by synthetic biology techniques. This results in cellulose materials with modified properties. The ELF system also includes an automated input system for optogenetic or chemical stimuli and a feedback system for real-time growth monitoring. Simulations, developed in the Processing programming environment, enable the visualization and testing of various fabrication scenarios. Although the system has limitations, such as sterility requirements and robustness of engineered organisms, it exhibits potential for creating a new generation of biologically fabricated materials with unique properties. This innovative fabrication method represents a crucial step towards more sustainable and energy- efficient manufacturing strategies.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2024/12/20 09:12

_id	ecaade2023_363
id	ecaade2023_363
authors	Fleckenstein, Julia, Bertagna, Federico, Piccioni, Valeria, Fechner, Mareen, Düpree, Mia, DAcunto, Pierluigi and Dörfler, Kathrin
year	2023
title	Revisiting Breuer through Additive Manufacturing: Passive solar-control design strategies for bespoke concrete building envelope elements
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 527–538
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.527
summary	With the IBM Research Center in La Gaude, France (1960-1962), the architect Marcel Breuer pioneered a novel industrial approach towards modular construction using precast façade elements for on-site assembly, combining load-bearing and solar control functions in their configuration. This industrial production method involved a high level of standardization, which was a practical response to the need for rapid and cost-effective construction systems. However, this standardization limited the ability to create custom elements to meet specific local requirements, such as variations in solar exposure. To overcome this limitation, new methods of Additive Manufacturing in Construction (AMC) could enhance design flexibility, allowing for bespoke designs while still maintaining industrialisable production processes. This paper draws inspiration from Breuer's building design with the aim to expand the concept of element prefabrication by incorporating performance-based and locally customized design approaches supported by AMC technology. As such, the authors present the method and results of an experimental case study for multi-scale-differentiation of building envelope elements, which design was informed by solar radiation simulations and AMC-related boundary conditions. The research describes an algorithmic based design-to-production workflow combining computational design and simulation methods using geometry-based graphical methods for solar control and solar radiation simulations for form-based changes, leveraging the potential of Selective Cement Activation (SCA) as an AMC technology. The workflow was tested and evaluated on behalf of the design and additive manufacturing of a building envelope element at full building scale.
keywords	additive manufacturing in construction, performance-oriented computational design, passive solar control, climate-aware design, functional hybridization
series	eCAADe
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