Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	sigradi2023_369
id	sigradi2023_369
authors	Lima, Micaele, Aguiar, Beatriz Natália, Romcy, Neliza, Lima, Mariana and Cardoso, Daniel
year	2023
title	Systematization of Scientific Production of Extended Reality in Teaching and Design Process in Architecture and Urbanism
source	García Amen, F, Goni Fitipaldo, A L and Armagno Gentile, Á (eds.), Accelerated Landscapes - Proceedings of the XXVII International Conference of the Ibero-American Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2023), Punta del Este, Maldonado, Uruguay, 29 November - 1 December 2023, pp. 1397–1408
summary	Extended Reality (XR) technologies have the potential to help and improve the teaching and design process in Architecture and Urbanism, as they offer different ways of perceiving and representing space and various functionalities. Therefore, it is important to systematize scientific production in this area. This research aims to identify and analyze the main applications of XR in teaching and in the design process in Architecture and Urbanism, as well as its benefits and limitations. A systematic literature review of publications on CumInCAD and SBTIC, from 2015 to 2022, was carried out. The results show the growing emphasis of XR as a medium that offers benefits both for teaching and design practice. However, there are still limitations to be overcome to make XR more inclusive. As a contribution, a greater understanding of how XR has been applied in teaching is provided along with a reflection on its impact on the means of representation in the design process.
keywords	Virtual reality, Augmented reality, Extended reality, Project Teaching, Architectural Project.
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2024/03/08 14:08

_id	ascaad2023_030
id	ascaad2023_030
authors	Topaloglu, Aysel; Gul, Leman
year	2023
title	Bodily Interactions in Cultural Heritage Focused Extended Reality Studies
source	C+++: Computation, Culture, and Context – Proceedings of the 11th International Conference of the Arab Society for Computation in Architecture, Art and Design (ASCAAD), University of Petra, Amman, Jordan [Hybrid Conference] 7-9 November 2023, pp. 568-584.
summary	Today, Extended Reality (XR) technologies open up new possibilities in the cultural heritage domain by allowing the integration of digital content and new virtual layers onto cultural artifacts, as well as the facilitation of distinct interactive processes. XR environments, which encompass Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR), and Mixed Reality (MR), introduce new and intriguing experiences to the heritage field through multisensory and bodily interactions. This study aims to present a comprehensive state of the art regarding bodily interactions in cultural heritage-focused XR studies by reviewing and analyzing the existing literature. To do so, a systematic literature review protocol was adopted to understand how interactive experience is studied in the literature that involves body-related approaches and XR systems in cultural domains. A thorough examination of the literature was conducted using Elsevier's Scopus database, resulting in a dataset of 1063 records processed with VOSviewer. Within this dataset, the keyword co-occurrence analysis identified four cluster groups representing key themes in the literature that are related to bodily interactions in cultural heritage focused XR studies. These clusters were examined in more detail by empirically selecting literature samples. Network, density, and overlay visualizations were also created during the analysis to interpret and represent the results. This study contributes to a better understanding of the role of bodily interactions in XR and heritage studies in promoting cultural heritage preservation and dissemination.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2024/02/13 14:34

_id	ascaad2023_067
id	ascaad2023_067
authors	Yuceses, Birsen; Selçuk, Semra
year	2023
title	State-of-the-art on Research and Applications of Machine Learning in Building Energy Performance Prediction
source	C+++: Computation, Culture, and Context – Proceedings of the 11th International Conference of the Arab Society for Computation in Architecture, Art and Design (ASCAAD), University of Petra, Amman, Jordan [Hybrid Conference] 7-9 November 2023, pp. 275-292.
summary	The construction sector is responsible for 40% of the total energy consumption. The parameters that affect the energy performance of buildings include heating-cooling systems, ventilation systems, lighting, and the implementation of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) by the European Union. Several regulations and certification systems like PassivHaus, LEED, BREEAM etc. have been developed to regulate this process. There is often a significant discrepancy between the estimated (calculated) energy performance of buildings and the actual energy usage after buildings are operational. This study reviews the efforts made within the context of machine learning to address this 'performance gap'. The systematic literature review focuses on machine learning-based approaches in the context of building energy performance. The areas of focus include reducing the gap between building energy performance predictions and the values obtained during the building's life cycle, and the dynamic updating of the building energy model based on data. The study highlights trends related to the use of machine learning in predicting building energy performance. These trends include the types of buildings considered, the algorithms used, the data utilized, and the targeted areas of energy performance. To conduct the study, a comprehensive literature review was performed using the PRISMA method, which yielded 325 relevant articles out of 3078 articles extracted from the Web of Science database. A bibliometric analysis was then carried out on these 325 articles. From the selected 325 articles, 30 high-impact articles were subjected to content analysis to evaluate potential gaps in the field.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2024/02/13 14:40

_id	ecaade2023_113
id	ecaade2023_113
authors	Pereira da Silva, Nuno, Eloy, Sara and Resende, Ricardo
year	2023
title	Drone Robotic Construction: A methodology for simulating the construction performed by drones using virtual and augmented reality
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 781–790
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.781
summary	The economic and social impacts of robotic construction in Architecture, Engineering, and construction (AEC) are hard to assess and quantify without physical in situ testing, which is expensive and time-consuming This paper presents a methodology for the simulation of robotic construction technologies, namely drones, in a human-machine cooperation (HMC) using virtual (VR) and augmented (AR) reality environments. The developed methodology for robotic construction has the potential to be applied before the start of construction and to use real, virtual and augmented environments for robotic construction simulations. The application of such simulation methodology allows to test HMC scenarios and has the potential to increase construction precision while predicting both construction duration and cost. We present a review of the literature on drone and hybrid automatic construction solutions, as well as VR and AR construction simulations. Then a HMC simulation methodology is proposed and detailed. Three cases of application of the methodology are presented testing different approaches and cooperation scenarios in robotic construction. These cases are: (i) a drone construction in a real environment, (ii) a VR robotic construction simulation and (iii) an AR HMC. The application cases assess how the developed methodology is applicable to a set of different types of simulations that include different criteria.
keywords	Robotic construction, drones, VR/AR, simulation, Human-Machine Cooperation
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ascaad2023_065
id	ascaad2023_065
authors	Akbiyik, Selen; Güler, ªeyma; Selçuk, Semra
year	2023
title	A Critical Review on Research Themes and Trends in Green BIM for AEC Sector
source	C+++: Computation, Culture, and Context – Proceedings of the 11th International Conference of the Arab Society for Computation in Architecture, Art and Design (ASCAAD), University of Petra, Amman, Jordan [Hybrid Conference] 7-9 November 2023, pp. 899-916.
summary	Green BIM is an emerging concept in the architecture, engineering, and construction industry that combines Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology with sustainable design principles. This approach emphasizes the importance of integrating green strategies into the design and construction process to improve the environmental performance of buildings. It enables designers, architects, engineers, and contractors to analyze the environmental impact of building materials and systems, simulate energy performance, and optimize the use of resources. The aim of the study is to conduct a bibliometric research and systematic analysis on the concept of 'green BIM'. Web of Science database was used to search for publications containing the term 'green BIM'. 252 relevant publications from the fields of construction building technology, architecture, and urban studies were analyzed. It evaluates research themes and trends in Green BIM in terms of publication and citation numbers, research areas, document types, journals, conferences, and books where publications were published, numbers of publications by country, author and co-authorship analysis, and keyword analysis. The keywords were divided into 9 clusters in the VOSviewer and each cluster was examined under a separate title. These titles are urban design, visual programming, design & construction, sustainability, energy efficiency, life cycle assessment, green BIM, project management and green building assessment. The results show that the most current keywords are being evaluated under the heading of urban studies. This situation highlights that, unlike other academic studies, priority is given to urban-scale applications of green BIM Moreover, apart from urban-scale studies, possible topics for academic research involve Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and the integration of BIM in the LEED certification process. Currently, the industry and prominent publications prefer technical studies due to the extensive coverage of general inquiries.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2024/02/13 14:40

_id	caadria2023_325
id	caadria2023_325
authors	Globa, Anastasia, Yildirim, Muhammed, Lyu, Kun and Gocer, Ozgur
year	2023
title	Evaluation of Interactive VR Environments for Architecture
source	Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 351–360
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.2.351
summary	Despite the potential advantages of new architectural practices and learning forms, there has been very limited adoption of VR systems in the field of architectural design and education. Considerable obstacles to implementing VR applications are associated with substantial time, and expense commitments; in addition to required skills in VR development using gaming authoring software. The overarching study suggests adopting an alternative approach to VR development. This paper focuses on the testing and validation of architectural VR applications. We present a systematic methodology for the evaluation of interactive VR systems, using established assessment methods and metrics, detailing user-testing procedures and providing qualitative and quantitative evidence, and relevant data analysis methods. The paper provides valuable insight into the design of the user studies and evaluation of interactive VR environments in architecture, enabling future research and informing design applications in a wider field.
keywords	VR, Virtual Site Visits, User Testing in VR, Virtual Environment Evaluation, VR in Architecture
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2023/06/15 23:14

_id	ecaade2023_308
id	ecaade2023_308
authors	Haidar, Adonis
year	2023
title	Evolution of Modelling in Architecture: A Framework for the categorisation and evaluation of digital models in Architectural Design
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 811–820
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.811
summary	Apart from being an integral part of the architectural design process, modelling is becoming central to architecture as well as to neighbouring fields. The technologies and tools applicable for the generation, development and coordination of models are growing rapidly. In one single project, a wide range of models is used which poses challenges in practice in terms of establishing a systematic way to utilise those modelling techniques and access their potential benefits. Aiming to enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of the various modelling methods, this paper establishes a framework for the different types of models where the models are categorised and evaluated based on different criteria. To achieve this, a critical review of the literature related to the history of modelling in architecture and the emergence of the different methods of modelling is conducted. Beyond classical, CAD-based 3D models, the framework identifies four categories of modelling methods: performative modelling, algorithmic modelling, parametric modelling, and BIM. Each category is evaluated based on the generation and modification process, model entity and model function. Subsequently, the paradigm shifts associated with each modelling method are identified and discussed.
keywords	3D Modelling History, CAD, BIM, Generative/Algorithmic Modelling, Parametric Modelling, Performative Modelling, Paradigm Shift, Computational Design
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ascaad2023_089
id	ascaad2023_089
authors	Machado, Daniel; Mussi, Andrea
year	2023
title	Usability of Parametric Design Plugins as a Support Tool in Urbanism and CIM
source	C+++: Computation, Culture, and Context – Proceedings of the 11th International Conference of the Arab Society for Computation in Architecture, Art and Design (ASCAAD), University of Petra, Amman, Jordan [Hybrid Conference] 7-9 November 2023, pp. 187-207.
summary	The rapid growth of medium and large cities has led to an increasing demand for innovative and intelligent solutions for urban design and infrastructure. The use of City Information Modeling (CIM) and parametric design software has been one of the implemented solutions, allowing for greater agility in the process and integration with databases to recreate a digital urban structure and simulate complex scenarios. However, many of these tools remain relatively unknown among urban designers, with plenty of potential to be explored. This research aimed to identify the recent practices in the use of algorithmic-parametric design at the urban scale and in CIM project management, and explore their applications through a systematic review of the literature based on scientific articles. The review resulted 37 articles that were selected for a detailed search in the abstracts, methodologies, results, and discussions. The most frequently employed tools are related to urban energy efficiency, traffic planning and walkability, urban morphology analysis, and building typologies and density. Algorithmic-parametric design applications and plug-ins were identified to assist mainly in flow analysis, performance, comfort, and city modeling. Additionally, 23 statistical and geographic database formats were identified that generate volumes and land and mass spaces or perform performance analysis data processing.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2024/02/13 14:40

_id	cdrf2023_235
id	cdrf2023_235
authors	Mohsen Kafaei, Jane Burry, Mehrnoush Latifi, Joseph Ciorciari
year	2023
title	Designing a Systematic Experiment to Investigate the Effect of Ambient Smell on Human Emotions in the Indoor Space; Introducing a Mixed-Method Approach
source	Proceedings of the 2023 DigitalFUTURES The 5st International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2023)
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8405-3_20
summary	Studies have indicated that built environments affect all aspects of human life such as emotion, perception, behavior, health, and well-being (Cooper et al. 2011). Built environments are formed from the combination and juxtaposition of visible and invisible environmental variables. In recent years, common techniques such as virtual reality, augmented reality, digital twins, and artificial intelligence have enabled researchers in the field of architecture and urban design to simulate environmental conditions to investigate the impacts of environmental variables on humans. However, the studies conducted in this field of human comfort are mostly focused on the impact of environmental variables such as form, temperature, humidity, and sound, and in fewer studies, up-to-date methods and technologies have been used to simulate and investigate the impact of smell on humans. Most of the studies that have investigated the effect of ambient smell on humans, carried out in the discipline of architecture and urban design, have used traditional tools and methods (questionnaire, interview, observation) rather than advanced technology and tools drawing on neuroscientific knowledge and technique to measure the effectiveness of the ambient smell on human. They have used unmasked scents or real-world environments rather than being able to simulate environmental conditions. This article highlights the significance and necessity of employing simulation methods to investigate the impact of environmental smells on humans. Additionally, it presents the methodology of an experiment for studying the effect of indoor environment smells (with a case study of an office environment in the initial phases) on human emotions, utilizing a mixed-method approach. Analysis of some parts of the data from this experiment showed that exposure to the fragrance of the jasmine flower pleasant (flower) and the odor of the rotten orange peel (unpleasant) can cause changes in the electroencephalography (EEG) power across different bands among participants.
series	cdrf
email
last changed	2024/05/29 14:04

_id	ascaad2023_061
id	ascaad2023_061
authors	Yabanigul, Meryem; Özer, Derya
year	2023
title	A Systematic Review of Robotic 3D Concrete Printing
source	C+++: Computation, Culture, and Context – Proceedings of the 11th International Conference of the Arab Society for Computation in Architecture, Art and Design (ASCAAD), University of Petra, Amman, Jordan [Hybrid Conference] 7-9 November 2023, pp. 750-766.
summary	This systematic review examines the patterns, themes, and trends in the field of robotic 3D concrete printing. The methodology entails a comprehensive search and screening of relevant literature from databases Scopus and Cumincad. Through a stringent screening process based on specific inclusion criteria, resulting in a final dataset of research papers. The results are analyzed by network visualization techniques and keyword co-occurrence analysis with the data visualization tool VOSviewer. The network visualization enables insights into the literature structure and identifies research themes and emerging trends. The results emphasize integrating technological developments, optimizing the printing process, investigating concrete materials and their performance, and focusing on sustainability in 3D concrete printing. This review contributes to the comprehension of the current status and advances in robotic 3D concrete printing.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2024/02/13 14:40

_id	ascaad2023_036
id	ascaad2023_036
authors	Zeng, Ziyue; Lombardi, Davide; Dounas, Theodoros
year	2023
title	Role-Playing Games and Narrative Architecture in Design Methods: A Systematic Review
source	C+++: Computation, Culture, and Context – Proceedings of the 11th International Conference of the Arab Society for Computation in Architecture, Art and Design (ASCAAD), University of Petra, Amman, Jordan [Hybrid Conference] 7-9 November 2023, pp. 667-683.
summary	This paper reviews existing research on the teaching of narrative architectural design and the creation of role-playing games (RPGs), with an interdisciplinary connection between them. The paper conducts a systematic review and analysis of 27 academic papers. These articles are selected from the academic database "Connected Papers" using the keywords "narrative architecture, architectural design teaching, narrative story, RPG creation." This database employs natural language processing technology to analyze the links and influencing factors among articles in different disciplines. We then performed a key review of a selection of 5 papers addressing the interdisciplinary application between architectural design teaching and RPG creation. The key papers content includes a discussion of the problems and solutions in the creation methods of narrative architecture and RPGs, aiming to crystalize the defects and advantages of both approaches. Our findings summarize the process of materializing narrative content in two different creative industries, discussing the challenges they face and the existing solutions. Drawing from the narrative architectural design teaching effects and RPG creation results presented in the literature, this paper summarizes the advantages of both practices. This allows us to provide a summary of the current industry progress and identify possible research gaps based on the present status of interdisciplinary applications between the two.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2024/02/13 14:34

_id	ecaade2023_383
id	ecaade2023_383
authors	Berdos, Georgios (Yorgos), Dounas, Theodore and Vele, Jiri
year	2023
title	Decentralised Additive Manufacturing for Architecture
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 709–718
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.709
summary	This paper investigates the potential integration of blockchain and distributed ledger technologies with Additive Manufacturing in the context of architectural design and fabrication. The study aims to identify knowledge gaps, explore the affinity between these technologies, and challenge the current architecture production paradigm. Through a comprehensive state-of-the-art review and analysis of academic papers and industrial case studies, we identified emerging themes and gaps in the literature. We also examined the misalignment of incentives among key participants of the proposed systems. Our findings highlighted the relevance of blockchain technology in additive manufacturing, but also revealed significant challenges and misalignments in incentives among stakeholders. We argue that further research and experimentation are necessary to fully understand the technical feasibility and impact of integrating these technologies in architectural design and fabrication.
keywords	Blockchain, Additive Manufacturing, 3D-printing, Integration, Distributed Ledger Technologies, Distributed Manufacturing
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2023_461
id	ecaade2023_461
authors	Tu, Han, Varinlioglu, Guzden, Gao, Lingxuan, Chen, Bangyan and Nagakura, Takehiko
year	2023
title	Feeling Like Humans Low-cost wearable sensors for design research in the age of AI
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 761–768
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.761
summary	Spatial emotions have played a critical role in visual-spatial environmental assessment, which can be evaluated using wearable physiological sensors. However, information on virtual spatial sequence assessment with quantitative emotional responses needs to be more comprehensive in the literature. Thus, designers' ability to assess sequential space experiences quantitatively and cost-effectively is limited before the design is finalized. This research measures the emotions expressed while walking in virtual reality (VR) with different spatial parameters using electroencephalograms (EEGs) and electrodermal activity (EDA). Twenty-six subjects experienced three 3D scanned virtual spaces with a VR headset (Quest 2 device) corresponding to the sequential space parameters of different shapes, heights, widths, and lengths. Simultaneously, the EEGs and EDA measured the subjects' responses during their virtual walking. We visualized their physiological data to compare the consistencies among the virtual spatial sequences and human feelings in the VR experiences. Experimental results show that the parameter changes of VR spatial sequences can arouse EDA signals and significant fluctuations in the five frequency ranges of brain waves. Specifically, in terms of VR spaces and emotions, the experiments find that walking virtually from higher to lower spaces increases Alpha and Beta brain wave activity in AF7 and AF8. This research attempts to offer a useful emotion measurement tool in virtual architectural design using multi-physiological sensors, potentially empowering AI human reaction prediction in the future.
keywords	Virtual Reality, Wearable Sensors, Emotion Assessment, Architectural Design, Spatial Sequence
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ijac202321102
id	ijac202321102
authors	Özerol, Gizem; Semra Arslan Selçuk
year	2023
title	Machine learning in the discipline of architecture: A review on the research trends between 2014 and 2020
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing 2023, Vol. 21 - no. 1, pp. 23–41
summary	Abstract Through the recent technological developments within the fourth industrial revolution, artificial intelligence (AI) studies have had a huge impact on various disciplines such as social sciences, information communication technologies (ICTs), architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC). Regarding decision-making and forecasting systems in particular, AI and machine learning (ML) technologies have provided an opportunity to improve the mutual relationships between machines and humans. When the connection between ML and architecture is considered, it is possible to claim that there is no parallel acceleration as in other disciplines. In this study, and considering the latest breakthroughs, we focus on revealing what ML and architecture have in common. Our focal point is to reveal common points by classifying and analyzing current literature through describing the potential of ML in architecture. Studies conducted using ML techniques and subsets of AI technologies were used in this paper, and the resulting data were interpreted using the bibliometric analysis method. In order to discuss the state-of-the-art research articles which have been published between 2014 and 2020, main subjects, subsets, and keywords were refined through the search engines. The statistical figures were demonstrated as huge datasets, and the results were clearly delineated through Sankey diagrams. Thanks to bibliometric analyses of the current literature of WOS (Web of Science), CUMINCAD (Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD, and CAAD futures), predictable data have been presented allowing recommendations for possible future studies for researchers.
keywords	Artificial intelligence, machine learning, deep learning, architectural research, bibliometric analysis
series	journal
last changed	2024/04/17 14:30

_id	sigradi2023_197
id	sigradi2023_197
authors	Isele, Priscila Castioni and Mussi, Andréa Quadrado
year	2023
title	Co-design of children's furniture: contributions in the school context using digital fabrication and virtual reality
source	García Amen, F, Goni Fitipaldo, A L and Armagno Gentile, Á (eds.), Accelerated Landscapes - Proceedings of the XXVII International Conference of the Ibero-American Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2023), Punta del Este, Maldonado, Uruguay, 29 November - 1 December 2023, pp. 531–542
summary	Use of Co-design, with elementary school students, in the design process of adaptable furniture. Having cardboard furniture as a means of study in the Codesign process, applied in School Architecture projects. The objective of this study was to explore methods, tools and resources, through the Co-design methodology, using adaptable cardboard furniture. We sought to promote the structuring of a collaborative project together with children in the co-design process of furniture in school architecture. The work is structured based on a bibliographical review, Workshops using digital fabrication, virtual reality and Focus Group with semi-structured interviews. The methodology was developed through a qualitative analysis of the results achieved, with advantages and disadvantages in relation to the processes and products achieved. The results obtained present important considerations in relation to the concept of Co-design of furniture, having assertive results in the face of the use of digital fabrication and virtual reality during the collaborative project carried out.
keywords	Digital Fabrication, Maker Culture, School Architecture.
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2024/03/08 14:07

_id	ecaade2023_313
id	ecaade2023_313
authors	Gath-Morad, Michal, Baur, Raphaël and Hölscher, Christoph
year	2023
title	The DesignMind toolkit
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 51–60
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.051
summary	Integrating empirical evidence into architectural design has the potential to create more humane, legible, and inclusive spaces. Yet, the fast-paced nature of the design process, limited proficiency in scientific terminology, and a natural reliance on design intuition limit architects' ability to effectively apply empirical findings to inform their design decisions. To address this gap, this paper presents DesignMind, a toolkit for evidence-based, cognitively-informed, and human-centred architectural design. DesignMind has four complementary modules: (1) evidence-based design flashcards, (2) topological and geometric analysis, (3) agent-based simulation, and (4) cognitive walkthrough in virtual reality. The effectiveness of DesignMind was evaluated in an academic context where architecture and STEM students used it to analyse and design healthcare and workplace layouts. Initial results show that DesignMind is effective in integrating evidence-based design into the architectural design process and providing students with tools to test their designs for human-centred design criteria such as wayfinding, social communication potential and nursing efficiency. These preliminary results underscore the challenges and opportunities of DesignMind to fuel parallel efforts in evidence-based design, calling for a critical discussion around the notion of evidence in architecture and its interplay with design intuition.
keywords	Evidence-based design, Design education, Human-Centred Architecture, Design toolkit, Design cognition
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2023_211
id	ecaade2023_211
authors	Kalak, Dogan, Güleç Özer, Derya and Aydin, Serdar
year	2023
title	Experiencing Cultural Heritage Through Gamification – Mardin orphanage
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 671–680
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.671
summary	This paper presents early-stage research about the role of gamification in experiencing cultural heritage strongly within the sociological context, specifically focusing on the transformation of the old orphanage located in the historical city center of Mardin. The study acknowledges the significance of the old orphanage as an architectural heritage exemplar, built of natural Mardin stone, situated within a unique historical and archaeological urban environment. However, it recognizes the challenges of preserving the building's heritage value, which necessitate surpassing the superficial restoration methods applied to adapt it into a hotel. The primary motivation of this research is to develop a method for creating a navigable and interactive virtual replica of the orphanage, centering on the processes and outcomes of transferring its heritage value. To achieve this, the paper initially outlines the documentation and analysis procedures employed, utilizing photogrammetry to capture the past and current states of the orphanage. Subsequently, participants engage with a gamified and realistic digital replica of the orphanage, involving task-based interactions and scenario-based experiences. The paper concludes by presenting preliminary results concerning participant reactions to the initial virtual model, delivered through a VR device. By raising awareness about the significance of restoring and preserving historical heritage, this study aims to positively impact the domains of tourism, education, and conservation. Furthermore, it intends to shed light on future research opportunities in the field of digital cultural heritage.
keywords	Gamification, Digital Cultural Heritage, Virtual Reality, VR Device, Photogrammetry, Mardin
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2023_85
id	ecaade2023_85
authors	Narin, Zeynep Selcen and Ünal, Faruk Can
year	2023
title	An Evaluation of Sketching Processes in Physical and Immersive Environments
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 201–210
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.201
summary	This study focuses on the evaluation of the physical and immersive environments in the sketching process. We planned a comprehensive study on sketching spanning from paper-based and digital in the physical environment to virtual reality and augmented reality in the immersive environment. In this direction, we conducted experiments consisting of 8 participants. The experiments were carried out under the protocol analysis and design conversation elements method. The data collected were converted into linkography graphics and analyzed depending on the content and evaluation parameters. The comparison between physical and immersive environments revealed that the design movements were more effective and the design process was more productive in the immersive environment. When evaluating within the physical environment, it was seen that design productivity is more efficient in analog as opposed to digital. Regarding VR and AR for immersive environments, it was seen that establishing a relationship with physical reality in AR contributed positively on associating the sketching process with context compared to full virtuality in VR. This study has shown that AR contributes to the production of outputs that are more contextual and provides dimensional equality in sketching processes. While physical and immersive environments serve different purposes and user needs, it is evident that the active utilization of immersive environments for design purposes will become more widespread in the near future.
keywords	Sketching Process, Physical Environment, Immersive Environment, Protocol Analysis, Design Conversation Elements
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2023_39
id	ecaade2023_39
authors	Reaver, Kai
year	2023
title	Policy considerations for Extended Reality (XR) implementation in Urban Planning and the Built Environment
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 713–722
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.713
summary	In this paper, we discuss innovation policy for the implementation of extended reality (XR) to the urban planning sector and within the built environment. XR allows human users to evaluate urban planning proposals from first-person, embodied vantage points at realistic scale, offering utility for solving problems in the urban planning and design sector, particularly in user participation, user feedback and communication. However, we find that a clear model for the integration of XR technology to urban planning is lacking, with best practices and funding mechanisms still yet to be identified, creating barriers hindering adoption. We present an analysis of the innovation system and economic incentives for XR development, pointing to challenges for wide scale adoption in XR, including the creation of compelling content and the necessity for regulatory oversight. We discuss innovation structures in urban planning, pointing to an unclear strategy for innovation and the lack of research incentives within these institutions. We propose that public-private partnerships including cross-disciplinary development opportunities across sectors will need to be developed to better apply XR to urban planning, while discussing some of the advantages to be found for XR developers in creating content within urban environments. We further suggest that integration between XR and the regulatory and procedural rules of zoning may be necessary to ensure that XR technology is beneficial to society while also allowing XR developers exposure to a broad consumer base. In conclusion, we present policy proposals for collaboration between private technology companies and public planning organizations, with a focus on ensuring that XR technology is developed and applied in a way that is aligned with the priorities and objectives of the public while still creating value for investors and innovators.
keywords	Extended Reality (XR), Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), Urban Planning, Built Environment, Policy
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2023_215
id	ecaade2023_215
authors	Sheikh, Abdullah and Crolla, Kristof
year	2023
title	Architectural Education with Virtual Reality
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 159–168
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.159
summary	This paper discusses educational and technical knowledge extracted from the development and implementation of teaching material for an elective course offered to both undergraduate and graduate students at The University of Hong Kong, which aimed to increase technical proficiency with Virtual Reality (VR) tools in Architecture design and education. VR is relatively underused and under-implemented in architectural education and practice due to the broad and diverse number of technical solutions available. Lack of open software workflows in this field limits ways in which designers can visualise models in a VR experience and evaluate their work at a 1:1 scale. The elective course aimed to address this, creating designer-specific workflows along with a larger overview of technical solutions available. Knowledge disseminated through guided exercises led to the introduction of options for independent student-driven research into VR-driven digital design projects. Technical knowledge was therefore transferred through integrated digital interaction embodied into the design process. Unreal Engine (5.03) was used as the main development environment for VR, with the addition of new features such as Lumen lighting and Nanite geometry. The Nvidia Omniverse allowed for seamless integration between Unreal Engine and Rhinoceros 3D, as well as many other apps using connectors. Connector usage allows importing and exporting models and data between the two platforms, allowing them a more intuitive ability to switch between tools and subsequently live link between software's and even include external sensor data. This paper documents and evaluates the knowledge gained of software workflows. Evaluation of produced student work is considered through factors of ease of interface, open nature of tools, and potential for altering the typical design workflow. Analysis provides an insight into the effectiveness of proposed workflows. Subsequent reflection and documentation aim to serve as a possible case study to encourage further incorporation of VR tools into architectural education.
keywords	Virtual Reality, Simulation, Architectural education, Design interaction, Live data transfer
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

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