Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	ecaade2024_137
id	ecaade2024_137
authors	Asaf, Ofer; Bentur, Arnon; Sprecher, Aaron
year	2024
title	Transforming Earths: Designing 3D printable materials for robotic earth architecture
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2024.1.035
source	Kontovourkis, O, Phocas, MC and Wurzer, G (eds.), Data-Driven Intelligence - Proceedings of the 42nd Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2024), Nicosia, 11-13 September 2024, Volume 1, pp. 35–44
summary	This paper explores the potential of using different local earthen materials in robotic additive manufacturing workflow despite challenges arising from soil variability. We propose a method to design materials based on locally sourced soils for 3D printing, focusing on the physical and mineralogical characteristics of the soil and the rheological properties of the mixture. By tailoring mixtures for both extrusion and stability and correlating straightforward tests with laboratory data, we advance the adaptability of earth-based materials for 3D printing. Experiments with robotic 3D printing across five soils validate our approach, suggesting pathways for furthering earthen material use in digital fabrication and underscoring the importance of material design.
keywords	Earth Construction, 3D Printing, Soil, Recycled Aggregates, Robotic Fabrication
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	sigradi2024_18
id	sigradi2024_18
authors	Alima, Natalie
year	2024
title	BioForms
source	Herrera, Pablo C., Gómez, Paula, Estevez, Alberto T., Torreblanca-Díaz, David A. Biodigital Intelligent Systems - Proceedings of the XXVIII Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2024) - ISBN 978-9915-9635-2-5, iBAG-UIC Barcelona, Spain, 13-15 November 2024, pp. 2203–2214
summary	BioForms integrates sacrificial formworks, agent-based computational algorithms and biological growth in the generation of biodegradable internal wall panel systems. These wall panel systems are intended to minimize material waste, utilize local botany and generate a symbiosis between the artificially made and the naturally grown. This is achieved by utilizing local waste as a structural compressive core, mycelium as the binder, and recycled pellets as the architectural skin. Leveraging mycelium’s structural, acoustic and thermal properties, this exploration delves into unique methods of incorporating fungi and waste into architectural construction. The motivations for this research stem from the need to address the building industry’s contribution to climate change, by considering the lifecycle of our materials. BioForms aims to retrofit existing buildings by replacing foam insulation and MDF wall panels with biodegradable and recyclable 3D-printed skins embedded with a mycelium core.
keywords	Mycelium, 3D-printing, Computational design, Bio design, Architecture
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2025/07/21 11:50

_id	sigradi2024_344
id	sigradi2024_344
authors	Andia, Alfredo and Peralta Gomez, Naomy
year	2024
title	Bio-Plastic Habitat: Lab-grown dwelling prototypes using bio-plastics
source	Herrera, Pablo C., Gómez, Paula, Estevez, Alberto T., Torreblanca-Díaz, David A. Biodigital Intelligent Systems - Proceedings of the XXVIII Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2024) - ISBN 978-9915-9635-2-5, iBAG-UIC Barcelona, Spain, 13-15 November 2024, pp. 2455–2466
summary	Since 2006, Synthetic Biology (SynBio) has emerged as the fastest-advancing technology in human history, enabling the rewiring of life's code and transforming numerous industries. It facilitates the production of diverse products, from lab-grown meat to mRNA vaccines. Over the last decade, SynBio has begun to influence architectural design and construction materials at macro and micro scales. We discuss how the progression from Engineered Living Materials (ELMs) to Programmable Living Materials (PLMs) represents a significant advancement in material science that will transform the architecture and construction industry. We present design proposals focusing on bioplastics for small-scale bio-grown habitats, exploring tension-based structures and optimizing properties like elasticity. This approach aims to innovate basic housing solutions and integrate sustainable bio-based polymers into architectural practice. Additionally, we present speculative projects of bio-membrane habitats that integrate PLM systems, combining synthetic biology and 3D printing to create self-lifting structures with potential for sustainable infrastructure applications.
keywords	Bio-Architecture, Synthetic Biology, Biomaterials, Biotechnology, Architecture
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2025/07/21 11:50

_id	ecaade2024_95
id	ecaade2024_95
authors	Andreou, Vasilis; Kontovourkis, Odysseas
year	2024
title	Formwork optimization for complex 3D Concrete Printing: A unified theoretical, digital, and experimental framework
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2024.1.223
source	Kontovourkis, O, Phocas, MC and Wurzer, G (eds.), Data-Driven Intelligence - Proceedings of the 42nd Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2024), Nicosia, 11-13 September 2024, Volume 1, pp. 223–232
summary	3D Concrete Printing (3DCP) revolutionizes architecture with speed and sustainability. Yet, current methods mainly use extrusion in 2.5 dimensions, limiting complex shapes. Challenges remain in achieving intricate morphologies, such as non-conventional cavity walls, as well as overcoming limitations posed by overhanging structures, and inclined surfaces with protrusions, leading to exploration of additives like chemical accelerators. However, uncertainties in effectiveness persist, posing challenges in strength and handling. Overcoming these limitations is vital for unlocking 3DCP's full potential in construction. This study delves into the underdeveloped digital formalization and prevention of failure modes in 3DCP for intricate 3D morphologies, particularly focusing on the challenges encountered in the construction of overhangs and subsequently cavity wall construction, using aggregate support materials as formwork. It introduces a structured selection process, leveraging Finite Element Analysis (FEA), to understand the crucial role of lateral pressure in supporting these complex structures. Theoretical analysis, rooted in earth pressure analysis theory, informs the selection of appropriate aggregate materials, which are then validated through experimental testing. This comprehensive approach uncovers essential attributes for support materials, enabling alignment with various formwork families based on specific requirements like insulation or reusability. Through a series of physical prototyping, including cylinder samples produced via robotic 3DCP, the practical applicability of these findings is solidified. Ultimately, this study contributes significant insights into optimizing 3DCP methodologies for complex geometries, bridging a critical gap in formalization and advancing the field of 3DCP.
keywords	Support Materials, Finite Element Analysis, Lateral Pressure, Physical Prototyping, Insulation
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	ecaade2024_53
id	ecaade2024_53
authors	Brodmann, Anton; Damtsas, Efstathios; Schult, Christoph; Spaeth, Benjamin; Herrmann, Michael
year	2024
title	DesignBuild Project of a 3D Printed Concrete Shell with a Segmented and Stereotomic Construction Concept
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2024.1.105
source	Kontovourkis, O, Phocas, MC and Wurzer, G (eds.), Data-Driven Intelligence - Proceedings of the 42nd Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2024), Nicosia, 11-13 September 2024, Volume 1, pp. 105–114
summary	This work presents and reflects the pedagogic DesignBuild approach of a computational developed and digital fabricated project. It examines the proactive role of these projects in contributing to scientific advancement by defining future research issues for the novel construction system. The approach, based on the integration of the entire digital process into architectural education and the collaborative, autonomous work with industrial partners, is analysed and viewed in perspective. Focusing on the topic of digital fabricated overhanging concrete structures, the developed construction system consists of discrete 3d printed segments. These are assembled into doubly curved shell structures in a stereotomic manner. The learning contents and outcomes in the digital design process as well as in the digital and rework fabrication processes are examined under considerations of possibilities and limitations. Consequently, the resulting future research issues for this construction system are discussed as the main findings. Its adaptability to other architectural applications and its productivity, quality and sustainability arguments serve for the conclusive evaluation of the impact and potential on in the building sector.
keywords	Design and Build, Student Project, Parametric Design, Generative Design, Additive Manufacturing, Direct Extrusion Printing, Concrete, Double-Curved Shell Structure, Freeform Architecture, Segmentation, Stereotomy, Coplanarity
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	acadia24_v2_76
id	acadia24_v2_76
authors	Cheibas, Ina; Perez Gamote, Ringo; Lloret-Fritschi, Ena; Arnold, Kilian; Luible, Andreas; Gramazio, Fabio; Kohler, Matthias
year	2024
title	3D Printing of a Multi-Performative Facade
source	ACADIA 2024: Designing Change [Volume 2: Proceedings of the 44th Annual Conference for the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9891764-8-9]. Calgary. 11-16 November 2024. edited by Alicia Nahmad-Vazquez, Jason Johnson, Joshua Taron, Jinmo Rhee, Daniel Hapton. pp. 445-456
summary	This study investigated the feasibility of 3D printing a multi-performative facade system with recycled thermoplastic. Two custom panels, measuring 1.6 by 2 meters, were compu-tationally designed, and manufactured with mono-material extrusion. The panel design was an iterative process by incorporating a multitude of fabrication parameters and environ¬mental performances into one geometry. The panel manufacturing process was evaluated for geometry accuracy, print path accuracy, overhang, inner layer adhesion, and adhesion to the print bed. Subsequently, real-world building application testing in a facade test rig identified the air permeability, water tightness, resistance to wind loads, and impact resistance perfor-mance. The panels passed standardized serviceability and safety standards for wind load resistance and achieved a maximum E5 class for impact resistance. The structural strength values were 1500 Pa for serviceability, 2250 Pa for safety load, and 3262 Pa for breaking load. These findings show that 3D printed designs can integrate multiple performances within a mono-material facade system. They display how freeform geometries can be fabricated in a monolith material with multiple functionalities, enabling the potential application of easily recyclable, prefabricated passive systems.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2025/07/21 11:41

_id	sigradi2024_482
id	sigradi2024_482
authors	Dimitriou, Savvas and Kontovourkis, Odysseas
year	2024
title	Force-Flow Based 3D Printing of Structural Elements Inspired by the Traditional Architecture of Cross-Vaults
source	Herrera, Pablo C., Gómez, Paula, Estevez, Alberto T., Torreblanca-Díaz, David A. Biodigital Intelligent Systems - Proceedings of the XXVIII Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2024) - ISBN 978-9915-9635-2-5, iBAG-UIC Barcelona, Spain, 13-15 November 2024, pp. 1529–1540
summary	The cross-vaults appear in the traditional architecture of Cyprus and are valuable source of inspiration for the design and 3D Printing (3DP) of structures with prevailing compressive strength under vertical loads, but also without the use of supports or formworks leading to material waste and environmental impact reduction. To achieve their effective 3DP, the current work suggests a methodology that involves: a) digital capturing and morphological analysis of their shape using photogrammetry, b) stress analysis and force-flow identification of the structures based on Finite Element Analysis (FEA), c) slicing and toolpath development in a close relation to the direction of force-flows, and d) 3DP implementation based on planar and non-planar printing. Results provide useful information regarding the possibility of using the example of cross-vault structural elements in the development of new morphologies with prevailing compressive strength, contributing significantly to their rapid and sustainable construction using 3DP.
keywords	Digital Fabrication, Robotic 3D Printing, Toolpath Planning, Principal Compressive Stress, Cross-Vault
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2025/07/21 11:50

_id	ecaade2024_296
id	ecaade2024_296
authors	Fereos, Pavlos; Bauer, Kilian; Efthimiou, Eftychios-Nicolaos
year	2024
title	Surface Articulation as Structural Leverage in Large Scale 3D Printing
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2024.2.607
source	Kontovourkis, O, Phocas, MC and Wurzer, G (eds.), Data-Driven Intelligence - Proceedings of the 42nd Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2024), Nicosia, 11-13 September 2024, Volume 2, pp. 607–616
summary	As large-scale robotic 3D printing continues to gain traction in architecture, design and construction, the necessity to develop fabrication-inherent strategies and guidelines to overcome generic limitations of the method becomes increasingly apparent. To contribute to this process, this paper presents three prototypes that explore the concept of surface articulation through geometry manipulation as structural leverage in large scale robotic 3D printing. Each of the three prototypes addresses a specific architectural task with increasing ambition to incrementally challenge the hypothesis. The three research pieces are a three-meter tall, leaning Column, an ornamental Throne and a two and a half meters tall, cantilevering Lamp-post. While the three prototypes represent only a small series of case studies, they are nonetheless diverse and demonstrate situations of different structural stresses, ranging from tension to compression to bending. In the attempt to counteract these structural stresses, all three prototypes pursue the notion of geometry manipulation in the appearance of surface articulation. While the approach to improve surface rigidity through complexity and folding has been known for a long time, it is inherent to the nature of digital design and fabrication, which could revive surface ornamentation in additive manufacturing. The three objects presented, which together form the Trilogy of Additive Hyper-Ornamental Prototypes, aim to contribute to this process by showcasing initial explorations into surface articulation as structural leverage in large scale 3D printing and the aesthetics inherent to this process in order to inspire further research.
keywords	large scale 3D printing, robotic fabrication, surface ornamentation, material properties, geometry manipulation
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	caadria2024_264
id	caadria2024_264
authors	Kim, Il Hwan
year	2024
title	3D Concrete Printing Frame Structure in Granular Medium
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2024.3.263
source	Nicole Gardner, Christiane M. Herr, Likai Wang, Hirano Toshiki, Sumbul Ahmad Khan (eds.), ACCELERATED DESIGN - Proceedings of the 29th CAADRIA Conference, Singapore, 20-26 April 2024, Volume 3, pp. 263–270
summary	The field of architecture is experiencing an increase in demand for custom fabrication methods, driven by the advancements in digital design tools and techniques. However, in conventional concrete construction systems, achieving extensive customization often leads to high costs and prolonged fabrication times due to the complexities associated with formwork fabrication. This paper presents an alternative 3D concrete printing method named Concrete Printing in Granular Medium (CPGM). Unlike the current layered extrusion 3D printed concrete technology, CPGM extrudes concrete within a granular medium, which enables greater freedom in printable geometry without being limited by gravity constraints. The primary aim of CPGM is to facilitate the rapid fabrication of intricate concrete elements by removing the stacking process involved in layered extrusion. This paper outlines the design and fabrication workflow of the CPGM method and presents a case study involving creating a scaled model of a single-objective optimized concrete frame structure. Through proof-of-concept projects, the paper explores the potential benefits, current challenges, and future development of CPGM.
keywords	Injection 3D Printed Concrete, Concrete Frame Structure, Optimized Concrete Structure, Rapid 3D Printing, Granular Particle 3D Printing
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	ecaade2024_001
id	ecaade2024_001
authors	Kontovourkis, Odysseas; Phocas, Marios C.; Wurzer, Gabriel
year	2024
title	eCAADe 2024 Data-Driven Intelligence - Volume 2
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2024.2.001
source	Kontovourkis, O, Phocas, MC and Wurzer, G (eds.), Data-Driven Intelligence - Proceedings of the 42nd Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2024), Nicosia, 11-13 September 2024, Volume 2, 722 p.
summary	During the 2020s and beyond, the field of computational design and fabrication will face a number of new challenges and opportunities offered by Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML). These technologies represent a new era of data-driven intelligence, which is steadily gaining increasing influence in other fields, but as yet has had little impact in architecture. At the core of this new technological shift, data will be collected, processed, shared, and used as a decision-making tool to resolve a multitude of social, economic, and environmental issues. In the near future, the dynamic and adaptable changes occurring in the built environment which are influenced by climatic and environmental phenomena will be leveraged and used. This includes the effects of occupancy behavior, the building’s structural behavior, fabrication and material characteristics, in combination with the effective harvesting, harnessing, processing and use of large amounts of data. This process will in turn offer new opportunities in design decision-making, as well as in the implementation of new ideas for achieving the best performance, but also for considering contradictory objective criteria. In view of this paradigm shift, the conference attempts to provide the ground for presenting and discussing possibilities offered by data-driven intelligence across a range of thematic areas. These diverse themes might in turn influence and provide the ground for reconsidering architectural knowledge and practice in the future. Characteristic examples might include the recording of environmental and behavioral conditions in the built environment. For example, the recording of lighting and temperature through the Internet of Things (IoT), as well as examining their integration with AI, and therefore allowing for greater customization of spaces by the users. Moreover, cases where future advancements in computer capacity, combined with AI and ML, will offer the prospect of more powerful immersive environments coming to the fore. In addition, the conference aims to showcase examples where Virtual and Augmented Reality (VR and AR) experiences can be leveraged by datasets in the form of point clouds. This could, for instance, be through 3D Scanning, allowing for greater interaction between the physical and digital worlds, and simultaneously, through the introduction of concepts such as Digital Twins (DT) in various aspects of architectural design and construction. Furthermore, the conference attempts to discuss cases where a large number of fabrication datasets and workflows might be evolved, in combination with the plethora of digital tools currently available. The aim here would be to present how the collection and processing of constantly added data might extend fabrication intelligence, providing a number of advantages, as well as new challenges. More specifically, the conference aims to demonstrate cases where numerical control mechanisms, including robotic technologies applied in several fabrication tasks, such as Additive Manufacturing (AM) and 3D Printing, might be more adaptive in structural and material behavior conditions. This adaptability allows for superior fabrication intelligence to emerge. In parallel, the conference attempts to critically reflect upon, discuss and question the future of applying data-driven intelligence in architectural knowledge and practice. What are the risks posed by the use of data-driven intelligence in architecture? In this new era, what will the role of architects be? Does this mark the beginning of a reconsideration of the way architects participate in the creation of knowledge and practice, or will it bring about their marginalization? What will the social, economic, and environmental impact of data-driven intelligence be? The conference endeavors to address the theme of data-driven intelligence in architectural knowledge and practice spherically. It also looks to explore the advantages and disadvantages that this can bring to the discipline, but also the possibilities that it might offer, with particular emphasis on computational design and fabrication. In view of this perspective, the conference includes, but is not limited to, the topics of Digital Fabrication, Automated Fabrication, Construction, Materials and Form, Structures, Artificial Intelligence in Design, Data in Design, Building Information Modelling, Smart Cities, Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality in Architecture, Information Technology in Heritage, Design Tools and Development, Collaborative Design, Experimentation and Education. We hope that you will enjoy this book and the conference, and you will gain further insight in the research conducted within the topics handled towards a data-driven intelligence in architecture and the design of a sustainable future of the built environment.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	ecaade2024_000
id	ecaade2024_000
authors	Kontovourkis, Odysseas; Phocas, Marios C.; Wurzer, Gabriel
year	2024
title	eCAADe 2024 Data-Driven Intelligence - Volume 1
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2024.1.001
source	Kontovourkis, O, Phocas, MC and Wurzer, G (eds.), Data-Driven Intelligence - Proceedings of the 42nd Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2024), Nicosia, 11-13 September 2024, Volume 1, 734 p.
summary	During the 2020s and beyond, the field of computational design and fabrication will face a number of new challenges and opportunities offered by Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML). These technologies represent a new era of data-driven intelligence, which is steadily gaining increasing influence in other fields, but as yet has had little impact in architecture. At the core of this new technological shift, data will be collected, processed, shared, and used as a decision-making tool to resolve a multitude of social, economic, and environmental issues. In the near future, the dynamic and adaptable changes occurring in the built environment which are influenced by climatic and environmental phenomena will be leveraged and used. This includes the effects of occupancy behavior, the building’s structural behavior, fabrication and material characteristics, in combination with the effective harvesting, harnessing, processing and use of large amounts of data. This process will in turn offer new opportunities in design decision-making, as well as in the implementation of new ideas for achieving the best performance, but also for considering contradictory objective criteria. In view of this paradigm shift, the conference attempts to provide the ground for presenting and discussing possibilities offered by data-driven intelligence across a range of thematic areas. These diverse themes might in turn influence and provide the ground for reconsidering architectural knowledge and practice in the future. Characteristic examples might include the recording of environmental and behavioral conditions in the built environment. For example, the recording of lighting and temperature through the Internet of Things (IoT), as well as examining their integration with AI, and therefore allowing for greater customization of spaces by the users. Moreover, cases where future advancements in computer capacity, combined with AI and ML, will offer the prospect of more powerful immersive environments coming to the fore. In addition, the conference aims to showcase examples where Virtual and Augmented Reality (VR and AR) experiences can be leveraged by datasets in the form of point clouds. This could, for instance, be through 3D Scanning, allowing for greater interaction between the physical and digital worlds, and simultaneously, through the introduction of concepts such as Digital Twins (DT) in various aspects of architectural design and construction. Furthermore, the conference attempts to discuss cases where a large number of fabrication datasets and workflows might be evolved, in combination with the plethora of digital tools currently available. The aim here would be to present how the collection and processing of constantly added data might extend fabrication intelligence, providing a number of advantages, as well as new challenges. More specifically, the conference aims to demonstrate cases where numerical control mechanisms, including robotic technologies applied in several fabrication tasks, such as Additive Manufacturing (AM) and 3D Printing, might be more adaptive in structural and material behavior conditions. This adaptability allows for superior fabrication intelligence to emerge. In parallel, the conference attempts to critically reflect upon, discuss and question the future of applying data-driven intelligence in architectural knowledge and practice. What are the risks posed by the use of data-driven intelligence in architecture? In this new era, what will the role of architects be? Does this mark the beginning of a reconsideration of the way architects participate in the creation of knowledge and practice, or will it bring about their marginalization? What will the social, economic, and environmental impact of data-driven intelligence be? The conference endeavors to address the theme of data-driven intelligence in architectural knowledge and practice spherically. It also looks to explore the advantages and disadvantages that this can bring to the discipline, but also the possibilities that it might offer, with particular emphasis on computational design and fabrication. In view of this perspective, the conference includes, but is not limited to, the topics of Digital Fabrication, Automated Fabrication, Construction, Materials and Form, Structures, Artificial Intelligence in Design, Data in Design, Building Information Modelling, Smart Cities, Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality in Architecture, Information Technology in Heritage, Design Tools and Development, Collaborative Design, Experimentation and Education. We hope that you will enjoy this book and the conference, and you will gain further insight in the research conducted within the topics handled towards a data-driven intelligence in architecture and the design of a sustainable future of the built environment.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	ecaade2024_264
id	ecaade2024_264
authors	Meyer, Joost; Garrido, Federico; Martarello, Ana; Hömberg, Christina
year	2024
title	Opportunities for a sustainable future: Testing the biocompatibility of new materials for large scale additive manufacturing
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2024.1.245
source	Kontovourkis, O, Phocas, MC and Wurzer, G (eds.), Data-Driven Intelligence - Proceedings of the 42nd Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2024), Nicosia, 11-13 September 2024, Volume 1, pp. 245–254
summary	This paper is about recycling, reuse, composting and degradation of natural 3D-printing materials based on waste from the wood industry. Wood is an abundant organic material used in the construction industry that generates significant waste during its manufacturing process. Liquid Deposition Modelling (LDM) offers a flexible and energy-efficient additive manufacturing method for paste-like materials made from these same waste materials. Due to the inherent properties of its components, the resulting material is sustainable and complies with the principles of the circular economy. The potential impact of this emerging and scarcely investigated technological opportunity on the construction industry could be immense. The sustainable properties can lead to a turning point in the carbon-conscious design in architecture. For this reason, a young team of researchers, supported by architectural students in their Masters, designed experimental set-ups, methods and evaluation criteria focusing on aspects of ecology.
keywords	biogenic materials, additive manufacturing, 3d printed architecture, circularity, liquid deposition modelling, zero waste, up-cycling, wood waste recycling
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	sigradi2024_280
id	sigradi2024_280
authors	Sousa, José Pedro, Martins Carvalho, Pedro, Carvalho, Joao, Santos, Rafael and Gonzalez, Nohelia
year	2024
title	An industrial application of Robotic Hot-Wire Cutting in concrete construction: Geometric, technologic and material implications
source	Herrera, Pablo C., Gómez, Paula, Estevez, Alberto T., Torreblanca-Díaz, David A. Biodigital Intelligent Systems - Proceedings of the XXVIII Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2024) - ISBN 978-9915-9635-2-5, iBAG-UIC Barcelona, Spain, 13-15 November 2024, pp. 1211–1222
summary	In recent years, digitally driven concrete fabrication has focused on traditional mold-making with 3D milling and advancements in 3D Construction Printing (3DCP). Both methods face challenges in efficiency, sustainability, and practical application. In this context, Robotic Hot-Wire Cutting (RHWC) has emerged as a promising alternative for concrete formwork, offering potential cost and sustainability benefits, though its use remains limited. This paper presents an industrial application of RHWC in constructing a geometrically complex canopy—the port-cochere—at the W Algarve hotel in Portugal. It details the design-to-production workflow for Glass-Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GRC) molds, addressing construction challenges and showcasing RHWC's potential to support complex architectural designs. Developed by a team connected to the DFL (CEAU/FAUP), the project exemplifies successful technology transfer from academia to industry.
keywords	Digital fabrication, Robotic hot-wire cutting, Ruled geometry, Concrete architecture, Robotics
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2025/07/21 11:49

_id	caadria2024_73
id	caadria2024_73
authors	Tohidi, Alexander, Gomaa, Mohamed, Haeusler, M. Hank and Shiel, John
year	2024
title	3D Printing Self-Shading Wall Structure With Earth. Enhancing Thermal Properties in Earthen Architecture Through Computational Tool Path Design, Inspired by Nature & Vernacular Architecture
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2024.3.121
source	Nicole Gardner, Christiane M. Herr, Likai Wang, Hirano Toshiki, Sumbul Ahmad Khan (eds.), ACCELERATED DESIGN - Proceedings of the 29th CAADRIA Conference, Singapore, 20-26 April 2024, Volume 3, pp. 121–130
summary	Global challenges warrant the rethinking of current housing solutions to provide adequate and affordable shelter for inhabitants. This paper presents an approach for the design and digital fabrication of an earthen wall. The paper reports on a 3-day workshop setting that examined how traditional knowledge of vernacular architecture in combination with biomimicry principles, computational design to enable building-scale additive manufacturing that shade itself and effectively responds to the environment and climate. The study explored innovations in computational tool path design for 3D printing, local material recipe, thermodynamic, environmentally responsive earthen wall, fenestration, airflow, non-planarity and verticality, structure, mass customization, stability, passive design strategies on how to build with local earth materials. In preparation for the workshop, 1:20 glazed ceramic prototypes were 3D printed. The experiments involved sourcing local materials, testing various earth mix recipes, finding an appropriate earth mix recipe for a viscosity that could be 3D printed, calibrating the 3D printer and pumping equipment, and printing the final 1:1 wall segment. The material selected for this study was cob, a mixture consisting of clay, sand, vegetation fibre and water, Locally sourced earth material; no transportation required, hence referred to as km-0 material. The motivation of conducting the research is to increase the sustainability, affordability and durability of construction processes.
keywords	vernacular architecture, hot arid climate, biomimicry, Cob, earth materials, 3D printing, sustainability, computational design, environmental analysis
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	ecaade2024_359
id	ecaade2024_359
authors	Cigáník, Ondøej; Sviták, Daniel; Sýsová, Kateøina; Tsikoliya, Shota; Vaško, Imrich
year	2024
title	Strengthened Shells: Possibilities of conformal printing on curved surfaces in large scale 3D printing
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2024.1.009
source	Kontovourkis, O, Phocas, MC and Wurzer, G (eds.), Data-Driven Intelligence - Proceedings of the 42nd Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2024), Nicosia, 11-13 September 2024, Volume 1, pp. 9–16
summary	This paper investigates the potential impact of conformal filament layering on various 3D printed structures with the aim of enhancing or altering their properties. Currently, large scale 3D printed objects predominantly utilize vase-mode style prints, occasionally featuring more intricate internal structures resembling FDM infill patterns, yet typically produced in a single continuous extrusion, resulting in a single perimeter wall thickness. This research seeks to explore the advantages of layering additional material onto the outer perimeter of a print, leveraging the capabilities of 6-axis robots and conformal printing techniques. To empirically assess the efficacy of this technique, an experiment is designed involving the fabrication of a consistent one-layer domed shell on a supportive form, onto which additional layers, oriented differently and featuring various patterns, are subsequently applied. The resultant samples are subjected to tests measuring both their strength and visual attributes, generating data for further analysis and application.
keywords	Additive Manufacturing, Robotic Fabrication, Conformal Printing, Non-planar, Recycled Material, Material Characteristics
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	caadria2024_222
id	caadria2024_222
authors	Cohen, Avraham, Berger, Yuval, Nisan, Alon, Dabas, Yoav and Barath, Shany
year	2024
title	Woodenwood: Integrating Wood Waste in Design through Robotic Printing and Traditional Craft
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2024.3.349
source	Nicole Gardner, Christiane M. Herr, Likai Wang, Hirano Toshiki, Sumbul Ahmad Khan (eds.), ACCELERATED DESIGN - Proceedings of the 29th CAADRIA Conference, Singapore, 20-26 April 2024, Volume 3, pp. 349–358
summary	The architecture and design industries are committed to reducing reliance on new materials such as wood, a major contributor to industrial waste. This paper focuses on utilizing wood waste through traditional woodworking and 3D printing to improve material efficiency, recyclability, and develop new material design expressions. A parametric model and robotic printing workflow are developed to establish links between the design of prototypical seating elements, printing toolpaths, and material properties, addressing functionality, ergonomics, and material distribution for design customization. Through this process, we introduce a woven deposition of wooden-textile, repurposing wood waste into functional seating elements while highlighting the design's role in fostering sustainable transitions.
keywords	3D Wood Printing, Robotic fabrication, Circular design, Toolpath Design, Wood craft, Wood waste
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	sigradi2024_88
id	sigradi2024_88
authors	Coniglio, Alfonso Ferdinando, Palmiotta, Annarita, D’Amato, Michele and Gigliotti, Rosario
year	2024
title	Earth-3D Printing for Non-Structural Elements of Modular Steel Buildings: Proposal for an innovative and sustainable construction system
source	Herrera, Pablo C., Gómez, Paula, Estevez, Alberto T., Torreblanca-Díaz, David A. Biodigital Intelligent Systems - Proceedings of the XXVIII Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2024) - ISBN 978-9915-9635-2-5, iBAG-UIC Barcelona, Spain, 13-15 November 2024, pp. 925–934
summary	In recent years, the use of modular buildings is increasing more and more because of these systems are characterized by rapid installation, whether the module arrives on-site already assembled or it is being assembled on-site itself. These systems can include hybrid solutions, where the module is assembled on-site including also elements obtained by means of innovative technologies, such as 3D printing involving sustainable materials such as earth. This study focuses on a comparison of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) between a traditional non-structural wall and an innovative 3D printed one using earth-based material. Also, out-of-plane wall resistance is discussed for different seismic actions, considering the Italian seismic hazard map.
keywords	Earth-3D Printing, Modular Buildings, Sustainability, Seismic Design, Structural Optimization
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2025/07/21 11:48

_id	sigradi2024_307
id	sigradi2024_307
authors	Correa, Natalia, Abdallah, Yomna and Estevez, Alberto
year	2024
title	Bio-to-factory: A generative design case based in genetic algorithms and biocomposites prototyping
source	Herrera, Pablo C., Gómez, Paula, Estevez, Alberto T., Torreblanca-Díaz, David A. Biodigital Intelligent Systems - Proceedings of the XXVIII Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2024) - ISBN 978-9915-9635-2-5, iBAG-UIC Barcelona, Spain, 13-15 November 2024, pp. 2431–2442
summary	The construction industry is one of which most significantly impacts the environment, contributing to nearly 40% of global CO2 emissions. Addressing this, the research aims to integrate the 17 Sustainable Development Goals to advance sustainable construction. Approaching digital technologies and biolearning principles, the study employs genetic algorithms and biodigital processes onto architectural solutions. Through the "Bio-to-Factory" approach, combining natural systems behavior with industrial practices, the research demonstrates the potential for innovative, sustainable construction techniques. The methodology includes extensive literature review, practical experimentation, and the development of biomaterial-based 3D printing processes using biocomposites like eggshell and xanthan gum. Results highlight the feasibility of using these materials for complex, organic architectural designs, offering a path toward environmentally responsible building practices. The findings suggest that digital and biological integration can significantly reduce the construction industry's environmental footprint and promote sustainable development.
keywords	Biodigital architecture, Biolearning, File-to-factory, Genetic algorithm, Digital fabrication
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2025/07/21 11:50

_id	sigradi2024_110
id	sigradi2024_110
authors	Errichiello, Raffaele
year	2024
title	AURORA: Adaptive Units for Rational, Organic and Resilient Architecture - Form Finding of Biomimetic Minimal Surfaces
source	Herrera, Pablo C., Gómez, Paula, Estevez, Alberto T., Torreblanca-Díaz, David A. Biodigital Intelligent Systems - Proceedings of the XXVIII Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2024) - ISBN 978-9915-9635-2-5, iBAG-UIC Barcelona, Spain, 13-15 November 2024, pp. 2383–2394
summary	This paper explores the form finding and the structural optimization of biomimetic anticlastic minimal surfaces for large-scale LDM 3D printing technology. The study aims to enhance material efficiency and structural performance trough biomimicry principles. The methodology involves computational tools like Rhinoceros 3D, Grasshopper, and Karamba 3D for geometry definition, structural analysis, and optimization. The results demonstrate that the reaction diffusion remapping process improves material utilization and load distribution, achieving a more balanced and efficient structural behavior. These findings underscore the potential of combining natural intelligence with advanced computational methods in architectural design.
keywords	Biomimicry, Minimal Surfaces, Form Finding, 3D Printing, Modularity
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2025/07/21 11:50

_id	ecaade2024_182
id	ecaade2024_182
authors	Fiebig, Jan; Starke, Rolf; Vukorep, Ilija; Eisenloffel, Karen
year	2024
title	Applied Artificial Ossification for Adaptive Structural Systems
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2024.1.075
source	Kontovourkis, O, Phocas, MC and Wurzer, G (eds.), Data-Driven Intelligence - Proceedings of the 42nd Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2024), Nicosia, 11-13 September 2024, Volume 1, pp. 75–84
summary	This study explores the "Artificial Ossification" algorithm's application in real-world structures, inspired by human bone formation. It uses agents mimicking bone-building and degrading cells to iteratively optimize structures for equilibrium through the Finite Element Method. The research proposes a 3D printing pen method for material addition or removal, mirroring natural bone adaptability and sustainability. Initial tests on 3D-printed models showed promising results, leading to more rigorous comparisons between conventional and algorithm-optimized structures. Findings confirm the algorithm's practicality for adaptive, optimized structural design, with potential applications in architecture, engineering, and beyond. The study also highlights the method's sustainability, repairability, and scalability, suggesting its relevance for future research in adaptive materials and design methods.
keywords	Artificial Ossification, Adaptive Structural Systems, Bionics, Shape Optimisation, Bone Inspired Structure
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

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