Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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Reformat results as: short short into frame detailed detailed into frame

_id	ecaade2024_95
id	ecaade2024_95
authors	Andreou, Vasilis; Kontovourkis, Odysseas
year	2024
title	Formwork optimization for complex 3D Concrete Printing: A unified theoretical, digital, and experimental framework
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2024.1.223
source	Kontovourkis, O, Phocas, MC and Wurzer, G (eds.), Data-Driven Intelligence - Proceedings of the 42nd Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2024), Nicosia, 11-13 September 2024, Volume 1, pp. 223–232
summary	3D Concrete Printing (3DCP) revolutionizes architecture with speed and sustainability. Yet, current methods mainly use extrusion in 2.5 dimensions, limiting complex shapes. Challenges remain in achieving intricate morphologies, such as non-conventional cavity walls, as well as overcoming limitations posed by overhanging structures, and inclined surfaces with protrusions, leading to exploration of additives like chemical accelerators. However, uncertainties in effectiveness persist, posing challenges in strength and handling. Overcoming these limitations is vital for unlocking 3DCP's full potential in construction. This study delves into the underdeveloped digital formalization and prevention of failure modes in 3DCP for intricate 3D morphologies, particularly focusing on the challenges encountered in the construction of overhangs and subsequently cavity wall construction, using aggregate support materials as formwork. It introduces a structured selection process, leveraging Finite Element Analysis (FEA), to understand the crucial role of lateral pressure in supporting these complex structures. Theoretical analysis, rooted in earth pressure analysis theory, informs the selection of appropriate aggregate materials, which are then validated through experimental testing. This comprehensive approach uncovers essential attributes for support materials, enabling alignment with various formwork families based on specific requirements like insulation or reusability. Through a series of physical prototyping, including cylinder samples produced via robotic 3DCP, the practical applicability of these findings is solidified. Ultimately, this study contributes significant insights into optimizing 3DCP methodologies for complex geometries, bridging a critical gap in formalization and advancing the field of 3DCP.
keywords	Support Materials, Finite Element Analysis, Lateral Pressure, Physical Prototyping, Insulation
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	architectural_intelligence2024_12
id	architectural_intelligence2024_12
authors	Peter Buš & Zhiyong Dong
year	2024
title	DeepCraft: imitation learning method in a cointelligent design to production process to deliver architectural scenarios
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s44223-024-00055-2
source	Architectural Intelligence Journal
summary	The recent advancements in digital technologies and artificial intelligence in the architecture, engineering, construction, and operation sector (AECO) have induced high demands on the digital skills of human experts, builders, and workers. At the same time, to satisfy the standards of the production-efficient AECO sector by reducing costs, energy, health risk, material resources, and labor demand through efficient production and construction methods such as design for manufacture and assembly (DfMA), it is necessary to resolve efficiency-related problems in mutual human-machine collaborations. In this article, a method utilizing artificial intelligence (AI), namely, generative adversarial imitation learning (GAIL), is presented then evaluated in two independent experiments related to the processes of DfMA as an efficient human-machine collaboration. These experiments include a) training the digital twin of a robot to execute a robotic toolpath according to human gestures and b) the generation of a spatial configuration driven by a human's design intent provided in a demonstration. The framework encompasses human intelligence and creativity, which the AI agent in the learning process observes, understands, learns, and imitates. For both experimental cases, the human demonstration, the agent's training, the toolpath execution, and the assembly configuration process are conducted digitally. Following the scenario generated by an AI agent in a digital space, physical assembly is undertaken by human builders as the next step. The implemented workflow successfully delivers the learned toolpath and scalable spatial assemblies, articulating human intelligence, intuition, and creativity in the cocreative design.
series	other
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2025/01/09 15:04

_id	ecaade2024_306
id	ecaade2024_306
authors	Gu, Sijia; Yuan, Philip F.
year	2024
title	Research on Autonomous Recognition and Gripping Method for Robotic Fabrication of Heterogeneous Masonry Based on Computer Vision
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2024.1.127
source	Kontovourkis, O, Phocas, MC and Wurzer, G (eds.), Data-Driven Intelligence - Proceedings of the 42nd Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2024), Nicosia, 11-13 September 2024, Volume 1, pp. 127–136
summary	The emphasis on material diversity in robotic fabrication processes enhances the freedom of design in form and function, enabling the possibility of masonry working as functionally graded materials. However, in the robotic fabrication process based on offline programming, the lack of autonomous judgment of brick materials restricts the fabrication of multi-material masonry, resulting in additional labor and equipment costs. In this context, improving the autonomous judgment ability of construction robots on materials becomes an important breakthrough point, for which computer vision is a possible solution. However, current research on brick materials based on object detection mainly focuses on crack inspection and cannot distinguish multiple types of bricks in the same fabrication process. Therefore, the research aims to establish a methodology for an automatic multi-material brick grasping process based on the plane. The method consists of three parts: target detection, data conversion, and robot grasping. In this process, the research aims to innovate in four aspects: targets of object detection, derivation of dataset structure, introduction of design models, and real-world physical validation. Based on the proposal, a full-stage validation experiment was conducted. The experimental results validate the feasibility of the proposed method, hoping to bring new insights to robotic fabrication and parametric masonry design.
keywords	Robotic Fabrication, Heterogeneous Masonry, Computer Vision, Deep Learning
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	ecaade2024_344
id	ecaade2024_344
authors	Massin, Peter; Bauer, Kilian
year	2024
title	Morphology and Ornamentation: Robotic fabrication of a biocomposite relief
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2024.1.115
source	Kontovourkis, O, Phocas, MC and Wurzer, G (eds.), Data-Driven Intelligence - Proceedings of the 42nd Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2024), Nicosia, 11-13 September 2024, Volume 1, pp. 115–124
summary	Morphology and Ornamentation investigates experimental design and fabrication studies following the theory of the Digital and the Ornament in architecture. The research identifies the traits of morphological correlations between digital design processes and features of CAM machinery. This paper presents a CAM fabricated wall relief, ‘Postdigital Textrin’, developed at the Department of Experimental Architecture in 2023 as part of the funded research project “Fragments of postdigital Ornamentation”. The project aimed to develop an economic and ecological design process for the fabrication of relief panels while simultaneously investigating the aesthetic attributes of the technological framework. The methodology utilises non-structural robotic printing, mainly with biocomposites. Significant findings could be made by understanding the print specifications, the material, and the path design during the iterative experimental phase. Based on the developed process, 12 m2 or 32 individual panels of puzzle-like polygonal silhouettes had been economically and efficiently fabricated and seamlessly assembled. The project contributes to the investigation of sustainable and digital crafting strategies while identifying technology and compounding data as aesthetic drivers.
keywords	Ornament, Design theory, Digital fabrication, Postdigital, 3D Printing biocomposite
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	ecaade2024_264
id	ecaade2024_264
authors	Meyer, Joost; Garrido, Federico; Martarello, Ana; Hömberg, Christina
year	2024
title	Opportunities for a sustainable future: Testing the biocompatibility of new materials for large scale additive manufacturing
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2024.1.245
source	Kontovourkis, O, Phocas, MC and Wurzer, G (eds.), Data-Driven Intelligence - Proceedings of the 42nd Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2024), Nicosia, 11-13 September 2024, Volume 1, pp. 245–254
summary	This paper is about recycling, reuse, composting and degradation of natural 3D-printing materials based on waste from the wood industry. Wood is an abundant organic material used in the construction industry that generates significant waste during its manufacturing process. Liquid Deposition Modelling (LDM) offers a flexible and energy-efficient additive manufacturing method for paste-like materials made from these same waste materials. Due to the inherent properties of its components, the resulting material is sustainable and complies with the principles of the circular economy. The potential impact of this emerging and scarcely investigated technological opportunity on the construction industry could be immense. The sustainable properties can lead to a turning point in the carbon-conscious design in architecture. For this reason, a young team of researchers, supported by architectural students in their Masters, designed experimental set-ups, methods and evaluation criteria focusing on aspects of ecology.
keywords	biogenic materials, additive manufacturing, 3d printed architecture, circularity, liquid deposition modelling, zero waste, up-cycling, wood waste recycling
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	caadria2024_21
id	caadria2024_21
authors	Arisman, Arman, Widiastuti, Indah, Indraprastha, Aswin and Sudradjat, Iwan
year	2024
title	Architects' Responses to Practicing Generative Design for Form Finding in the Schematic Design Stage
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2024.3.029
source	Nicole Gardner, Christiane M. Herr, Likai Wang, Hirano Toshiki, Sumbul Ahmad Khan (eds.), ACCELERATED DESIGN - Proceedings of the 29th CAADRIA Conference, Singapore, 20-26 April 2024, Volume 3, pp. 29–38
summary	Generative design's future impact on architectural processes relies on its successful integration into the established workflow of architects, as prior experiences indicate that technological innovations struggle when not aligned with existing work cultures. This study examines how architects respond to the challenge of practicing generative design, using the genetic algorithm technique, and focusing on the form-finding process, to achieve optimal design outcomes. The researcher set up an experimental research design involving eight professional architects, whose task is to develop an architectural schematic design based on a given set of algorithms. The interaction between architects and computers as supporting tools during the design process is documented to measure the priority level of given algorithms and time budgeting for every design step. Cognitive reflections of architects are recorded during the experiment, followed by interviews to gather additional insights into their experiences in generative design processes. The findings of this research will provide some insights into the advantages and disadvantages of generative design as an alternative approach to architectural design and the best way to integrate generative design seamlessly into prevailing architects' work culture.
keywords	Architectural Design, Conceptual Design, Form Finding, Generative Design, Genetic Algorithm, Protocol Analysis
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	architectural_intelligence2024_14
id	architectural_intelligence2024_14
authors	Joao Ribeiro, António Morais, Joao Miguel Silva, Filipe J. S. Brandao, Bruno Figueiredo & Paulo J. S. Cruz
year	2024
title	Robotic 3DCP fabrication of custom-fit slabs for irregular pontoons
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s44223-024-00056-1
source	Architectural Intelligence Journal
summary	This paper presents a case study on the use of 3D concrete printing (3DCP) to qualify rocky pontoons with spaces for recreational use—namely sitting areas, circulation trails and fishing spots—and biodiversity protection—providing habitat and refuge for native marine species—with a focus on the challenges and opportunities associated with 3DCP prefabrication for such a complex topographical context. We first discuss the benefits and disadvantages of 3DCP over traditional methods for retrofitting strategies with the support of state-of-the-art literature review. We then present a methodology and an experimental case study, organized in three stages: (1) a photogrammetric survey and digital reconstruction of the site´s rocky landscape, (2) the creation of a tool to generate and optimize custom-fit slabs based on their location on site, intended use and role in the protection of the natural ecosystem, and (3) the robotic fabrication of these slabs through 3DCP. Finally, we present our key findings, revealing that 3DCP offers a viable and more efficient alternative for appropriating and revitalizing sites with a disorderly and highly complex topography.
series	Architectural Intelligence
email
last changed	2025/01/09 15:03

_id	ecaade2024_210
id	ecaade2024_210
authors	Li, Yangzhi; Fingrut, Adam; Altun, Sevgi
year	2024
title	Embedding Systems Platform Arduino and Robotics into Architectural Education: A project-based approach combining computational design and digital fabrication
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2024.2.685
source	Kontovourkis, O, Phocas, MC and Wurzer, G (eds.), Data-Driven Intelligence - Proceedings of the 42nd Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2024), Nicosia, 11-13 September 2024, Volume 2, pp. 685–694
summary	This paper investigates integrating robotic fabrication technologies within architectural pedagogy, aiming to develop effective teaching strategy tailored for a diverse group of students, including postgraduate and undergraduate students. Robotics is an essential technology in Industry 4.0, providing a wide range of capabilities in the manufacturing field. The rapid advancement of robotic arms in various industries has opened new possibilities for architectural education. Many architecture schools worldwide have established experimental laboratories equipped with robotic arms, creating opportunities for students to explore beyond the traditional scope of CNC manufacturing. However, professional courses on integrating robotic construction technologies into architectural education are scarce. This research aims to explore using robots as an open interface for problem-solving, geometry exploration, and programming in architectural education, catering to the students' diverse backgrounds and skill levels. By utilizing robotic construction technologies, students can engage in hands-on experimentation, fostering the adoption of digital fabrication techniques.
keywords	Architectural education, Digital Fabrication, Parametric design, Robotic fabrication, Hands-on experimentation
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	caadria2024_513
id	caadria2024_513
authors	Lim, Chor-Kheng
year	2024
title	From Pencil to Pixel: The Evolution of Design Ideation Tools
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2024.3.089
source	Nicole Gardner, Christiane M. Herr, Likai Wang, Hirano Toshiki, Sumbul Ahmad Khan (eds.), ACCELERATED DESIGN - Proceedings of the 29th CAADRIA Conference, Singapore, 20-26 April 2024, Volume 3, pp. 89–98
summary	This study explores the integration of Artificial Intelligence-Generated Content (AIGC) in design processes, focusing on the ideation phase. Utilizing in-depth interviews with experienced designers and an experimental approach with novices, it compares AIGC tools like ChatGPT, Midjourney and Copilot with traditional sketching methods. The findings reveal two distinct operational patterns in AIGC utilization: a subtractive method of refining AI outputs and an additive method of evolving design through AI suggestions. Experienced designers view AIGC as a powerful aid for creative ideation, while novices prefer familiar hand-drawing methods. The study proposes a "Seeing-Instructing-Seeing" model, adapting Schön's reflective practice model, to incorporate the collaborative dynamic between designers and AI, marking a shift from manual to intellectual labor in design ideation. This represents a paradigm shift in design methodologies, suggesting a future of co-creative partnerships between designers and AI tools.
keywords	AIGC, Ideation Design Process, Textual Thinking, Creativity
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	architectural_intelligence2024_17
id	architectural_intelligence2024_17
authors	Mahnaz Bahremandi-Tolou, Chenhao Wang, Joseph M. Gattas & Dan Luo
year	2024
title	Curved surface form-finding with self-shaping perforated plates
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s44223-024-00059-y
source	Architectural Intelligence Journal
summary	Self-shaping systems offer a promising approach for making complex 3D geometries from the material-driven transformation of 2D sheets. However, current research development of such systems is focused on small-scale applications. This study proposes a self-shaping composite for generation of larger-scale curved surfaces suitable for spatial structures. The composite arises from the novel combination of a perforated plate passive layer and a heat-shrinkable active layer. Experimental investigations are undertaken to assess the influence of perforation parameters of the passive layer over the degree of curvature generated in the self-shaping composite system. A 3D scanner and parametric curvature evaluation tool were used to extract and analyse the fabricated surface curvatures. Three key deformation characteristics were identified: the generated surface is cylindrical with dominant curvature in the x-direction; curvature is approximately uniform across the surface width and length; and curvature is strongly influenced by perforation bridge and strap length parameters. Results of this study support the application of self-shaping curved surfaces for customizable discrete structure parts.
series	Architectural Intelligence
email
last changed	2025/01/09 15:05

_id	architectural_intelligence2024_2
id	architectural_intelligence2024_2
authors	Roma Chang, Jayanta Deb Mondol, Mervyn Smyth, Aggelos Zacharopoulos & Adrian Pugsley
year	2024
title	A comparison of the use of traditional glazing and a novel concentrated photovoltaic glazing (CoPVG) for building solar gain analysis using IESVE
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s44223-023-00044-x
source	Architectural Intelligence Journal
summary	The aim of this study is to compare the difference in solar gain for an internal space when a novel Concentrated Photovoltaic Glazing (CoPVG) unit is compared against traditional glazing modules. The CoPVG is an innovative glazing system developed by Ulster University, that takes advantage of Total Internal Reflection (TIR) to direct solar radiation into the internal space during periods of low solar altitude (around winter) harnessing the thermal contribution of solar gain and daylight. During periods of higher solar altitude (around summer), the solar radiation is mostly directed onto embedded photovoltaic cells. Previous work assessed the concept’s optical functionality, through experimental measurement and computational ray-tracing. Dynamic simulation in Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB) using a series of codes to represent the optical function of the CoPVG’s and Integrated Environmental Solutions Virtual Environment (IESVE) was validated by the experimental data. This work investigates methodologies in determining the transmissivty of the system in a dynamic simulation approach using ray tracing and Radiance in IESVE for visualisation, thereby building on the versability of this software to allow building designers and consultants to investigate energy and economic benefits of this system and systems like it in real building applications. The impact of integrating CoPVG as a replacement to traditonal glazing on a sun-facing building facade is assessed and the solar gain in the adjaciant space is compared throughout the year. During the summer months the integrated system reduces solar gain in the space by 34% but only 11% in the winter months, representing a reduction in the overall annual building energy needs. The study presents the potential economic and environmental savings provided by reduced cooling.
series	Architectural Intelligence
email
last changed	2025/01/09 15:03

_id	ecaade2024_361
id	ecaade2024_361
authors	Sochùrková, Petra; Devyatkina, Svetlana; Kordová, Sára; Vaško, Imrich; Tsikoliya, Shota
year	2024
title	Bioreceptive Parameters for Additive Manufacturing of Clay based Composites
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2024.1.045
source	Kontovourkis, O, Phocas, MC and Wurzer, G (eds.), Data-Driven Intelligence - Proceedings of the 42nd Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2024), Nicosia, 11-13 September 2024, Volume 1, pp. 45–54
summary	Due to climate change and the problematic amount of waste and CO2 emissions in the construction industry, non-human organisms and sustainable solutions are key motivators of the study. This paper focuses on developing a bioreceptive (Guillitte, 1995) composite suitable for additive manufacturing, composed to support growth of various organisms. It investigates key properties which have shown to be beneficial for promoting biological growth, such as water absorption, water permeability, humidity, and surface texture. The study evaluates the effect of two groups of clay-based waste additives, wooden sawdust (Arslan, et al., 2021) and sediment material sourced from local tunnel excavation in Prague. Simultaneously the need for intelligent reintegration and waste use is prevalent. Additive fabrication offers the ability to test a variety of composites and (re-)integrate them into the manufacturing processes. Current approach explores how to design artificial environments/skins for greenery and small life with the potential to improve both diversity and survivability while maintaining a better climate in its immediate surroundings. Bioreceptive design has the potential to improve the quality of the urban environment and bring new aesthetic influences into it (Cruz and Beckett 2016, p. 51-64).
keywords	Digital Design, Material Research, Bioreceptive Design, Robotic Fabrication, Additive Manufacturing, Experimental Pastes, Bio compatibility, Waste Materials, Clay Composites
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	caadria2024_384
id	caadria2024_384
authors	Wen, Yi, Ye, Wei and Yu, Gang
year	2024
title	A Hybrid Multi-objective Model for Multi-story Warehouse Design: A Case Study in Shenzhen
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2024.1.283
source	Nicole Gardner, Christiane M. Herr, Likai Wang, Hirano Toshiki, Sumbul Ahmad Khan (eds.), ACCELERATED DESIGN - Proceedings of the 29th CAADRIA Conference, Singapore, 20-26 April 2024, Volume 1, pp. 283–292
summary	The thriving on-demand delivery economy and the increasing focus on addressing the global environmental crisis have spurred the need for efficient and sustainable logistics facilities in urban central areas. This paper delves into the optimization of multi-story logistics warehouse design in Shenzhen, China. Based on comprehensive investigations of existing multi-story warehouses in Shenzhen, the study proposes a hybrid computational model of integer programming and NSGA-II tailored for the generation and optimization of multi-story warehouse general layout design. The prototype, aimed at enhancing efficiency and sustainability, translates these concepts into attainable goals of optimizing land utilization, construction cost, and transportation distance. By addressing multi-objective challenges in the design process, the prototype's effectiveness is validated through a real-world case study. This paper seeks to offer a pragmatic approach to designing cost-effective and resilient multi-story logistics warehouses in the long term, applicable in both Shenzhen and other densely populated urban centers. The insights derived from this study may contribute to the ongoing discourse on optimizing logistics in dynamically evolving industrial landscapes.
keywords	logistics warehouse design, multi-story warehouse, generative design, multi-objective optimization, efficiency, sustainability, integer programming, NSGA-II
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	caadria2024_360
id	caadria2024_360
authors	Adelzadeh, Amin, Karimian-Aliabadi, Hamed and Robeller, Christopher
year	2024
title	ReciproFrame Timber Gridshell: From CAM Data Interface Modeling to Operating Industrial Joinery Machine for Scaling up Reusable Timber Structures
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2024.3.339
source	Nicole Gardner, Christiane M. Herr, Likai Wang, Hirano Toshiki, Sumbul Ahmad Khan (eds.), ACCELERATED DESIGN - Proceedings of the 29th CAADRIA Conference, Singapore, 20-26 April 2024, Volume 3, pp. 339–348
summary	This research extends the work from our previous study on utilizing digital technologies to turn short solid timber elements into framed timber systems designed for the rapid assembly and disassembly of cost-effective, material-efficient, reusable gridshells. In a former paper, we developed an innovative reciprocally-reinforced topology of trivalent polyhedral frames, termed "ReciproFrame", enabled by the development of a CSV file to leverage the precision and speed of multi-axis robotic arms, which was then utilized in the construction of a small-scale, 7.5-meter research demonstrator. Although the multi-objective analysis confirmed the efficiency of the production method in constructing structurally-efficient catenary cross-sections without the need for any steel nodes—a feat not achievable with previous geodesic domes—we realized that the automated construction of larger structures in future timber industry would require an industrial-class production workflow featuring high-performance units equipped with powerful and efficient machining capacities for varied timber processing. As a solution, this paper presents a 24-hour industrial fabrication workflow, enabled by a self-developed data interface plugin that generates XML-based, industry-standard CAM data for the direct instruction of Hundegger K2 machines. It addresses the operational problems and technical challenges related to interoperability between the data interface programming and the operation of industrial joinery machines. Finally, the paper discusses the possible applications and limitations of the production workflow, while presenting the design-to-assembly process of a medium-scale research demonstrator with a maximum span of 15 meters, made of 768 industrially-fabricated Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) beams.
keywords	automated joinery, XML-based CAM data, CAMBIUM, Hundegger K2 joinery machines, P-Hex, ReciproFrame, Laminated Veneer Lumber LVL, reusable timber gridshells
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	architectural_intelligence2024_11
id	architectural_intelligence2024_11
authors	Alexander Htet Kyaw, Lawson Spencer & Leslie Lok
year	2024
title	Human–machine collaboration using gesture recognition in mixed reality and robotic fabrication
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s44223-024-00053-4
source	Architectural Intelligence Journal
summary	This research presents an innovative approach that integrated gesture recognition into a Mixed Reality (MR) interface for human–machine collaboration in the quality control, fabrication, and assembly of the Unlog Tower. MR platforms enable users to interact with three-dimensional holographic instructions during the assembly and fabrication of highly custom and parametric architectural constructions without the necessity of two-dimensional drawings. Previous MR fabrication projects have primarily relied on digital menus and custom buttons within the interface for user interaction between virtual and physical environments. Despite this approach being widely adopted, it is limited in its ability to allow for direct human interaction with physical objects to modify fabrication instructions within the virtual environment. The research integrates user interactions with physical objects through real-time gesture recognition as input to modify, update, or generate new digital information. This integration facilitates reciprocal stimuli between the physical and virtual environments, wherein the digital environment is generative of the user’s tactile interaction with physical objects. Thereby providing user with direct, seamless feedback during the fabrication process. Through this method, the research has developed and presents three distinct Gesture-Based Mixed Reality (GBMR) workflows: object localization, object identification, and object calibration. These workflows utilize gesture recognition to enhance the interaction between virtual and physical environments, allowing for precise localization of objects, intuitive identification processes, and accurate calibrations. The results of these methods are demonstrated through a comprehensive case study: the construction of the Unlog Tower, a 36’ tall robotically fabricated timber structure.
series	Architectural Intelligence
email
last changed	2025/01/09 15:03

_id	ecaade2024_137
id	ecaade2024_137
authors	Asaf, Ofer; Bentur, Arnon; Sprecher, Aaron
year	2024
title	Transforming Earths: Designing 3D printable materials for robotic earth architecture
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2024.1.035
source	Kontovourkis, O, Phocas, MC and Wurzer, G (eds.), Data-Driven Intelligence - Proceedings of the 42nd Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2024), Nicosia, 11-13 September 2024, Volume 1, pp. 35–44
summary	This paper explores the potential of using different local earthen materials in robotic additive manufacturing workflow despite challenges arising from soil variability. We propose a method to design materials based on locally sourced soils for 3D printing, focusing on the physical and mineralogical characteristics of the soil and the rheological properties of the mixture. By tailoring mixtures for both extrusion and stability and correlating straightforward tests with laboratory data, we advance the adaptability of earth-based materials for 3D printing. Experiments with robotic 3D printing across five soils validate our approach, suggesting pathways for furthering earthen material use in digital fabrication and underscoring the importance of material design.
keywords	Earth Construction, 3D Printing, Soil, Recycled Aggregates, Robotic Fabrication
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	ecaade2024_286
id	ecaade2024_286
authors	Aylien, Stefanie; Alkadri, Miktha Farid
year	2024
title	Preliminary Energy Simulations of Smart Materials on Building Facade
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2024.1.273
source	Kontovourkis, O, Phocas, MC and Wurzer, G (eds.), Data-Driven Intelligence - Proceedings of the 42nd Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2024), Nicosia, 11-13 September 2024, Volume 1, pp. 273–282
summary	As the earth's surface temperature rises, maintaining comfortable indoor temperatures without increasing the energy consumption of cooling systems is necessary. One climate change mitigation that may provide great relevance to this issue is to use adaptive facades as they can provide flexible energy flows in response to dynamic external conditions. Among adaptive facades strategies, smart materials show great potential to respond intelligently to the surrounding environment through changes in material properties. In this regard, smart materials require little to no additional active system because of changes made internally by the material. This paper aims to investigate potential applications of smart materials in building facades by first analyzing the energy performance of 9 smart materials (i.e., low-e glass, nePCM, PCM filled, paraffin MG29, PV Vacuum glazing, semitransparent PV A, semitransparent PV B, insulated DSSC-R, DSSC-G) found in adaptive facades. This study then specifically calculates EUI (energy use intensity), cooling load, and average solar heat gain for existing buildings located in Jakarta. Lastly, two smart materials (i.e., PV and PCM) are selected to compare building façade construction proposals based on their transmissivity, maximum solar heat gain, and conductivity. Despite the potential application of smart materials, this study found that PV and PCM provide lower performance values due to energy demand functions that predominantly focus on generation rather than contributing to heating and cooling aspects. This study can further benefit architects when dealing with façade construction materials, especially in tropical countries. It needs to be aligned with the energy performance produced by the façade, the surrounding environment, and the local context.
keywords	Smart Materials, Adaptive Facade, Energy Performance
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	caadria2024_222
id	caadria2024_222
authors	Cohen, Avraham, Berger, Yuval, Nisan, Alon, Dabas, Yoav and Barath, Shany
year	2024
title	Woodenwood: Integrating Wood Waste in Design through Robotic Printing and Traditional Craft
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2024.3.349
source	Nicole Gardner, Christiane M. Herr, Likai Wang, Hirano Toshiki, Sumbul Ahmad Khan (eds.), ACCELERATED DESIGN - Proceedings of the 29th CAADRIA Conference, Singapore, 20-26 April 2024, Volume 3, pp. 349–358
summary	The architecture and design industries are committed to reducing reliance on new materials such as wood, a major contributor to industrial waste. This paper focuses on utilizing wood waste through traditional woodworking and 3D printing to improve material efficiency, recyclability, and develop new material design expressions. A parametric model and robotic printing workflow are developed to establish links between the design of prototypical seating elements, printing toolpaths, and material properties, addressing functionality, ergonomics, and material distribution for design customization. Through this process, we introduce a woven deposition of wooden-textile, repurposing wood waste into functional seating elements while highlighting the design's role in fostering sustainable transitions.
keywords	3D Wood Printing, Robotic fabrication, Circular design, Toolpath Design, Wood craft, Wood waste
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	ecaade2024_102
id	ecaade2024_102
authors	Cook, Kieron; Bertug Çapunaman, Özguc; Gürsoy, Benay
year	2024
title	Robotic Sand Shaping for Reusable Formworks: From toolpath design to emergent shapes and patterns in cast form
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2024.1.017
source	Kontovourkis, O, Phocas, MC and Wurzer, G (eds.), Data-Driven Intelligence - Proceedings of the 42nd Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2024), Nicosia, 11-13 September 2024, Volume 1, pp. 17–24
summary	This paper introduces a research project that involves using a 6-axis robotic arm to shape kinetic sand. The goal is to create reusable and reconfigurable sand formworks with intricate patterns and textures for casting concrete. When kinetic sand is compacted, it creates emergent "material shapes" on the sand surface due to material spring-back. The research aims to identify the causal relationships between the robot's toolpath design, material and fabrication parameters, and emergent material formations. This will allow for a fine level of control over the design process of sand formworks for casting concrete panels without any formwork waste. The paper also reviews existing literature on reconfigurable formworks, presents the workflows for robotic sand shaping, and provides examples of concrete panels cast on sand formworks generated using these workflows.
keywords	Robotic Fabrication, Casting, Materially Informed Design
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	ecaade2024_160
id	ecaade2024_160
authors	Dar, Ofri; Cohen, Omri Y.; Sharon, Eran; Blonder, Arielle
year	2024
title	Visualizing Frustration: Computational simulation tool for ‘Frustrated Ceramics’
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2024.1.313
source	Kontovourkis, O, Phocas, MC and Wurzer, G (eds.), Data-Driven Intelligence - Proceedings of the 42nd Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2024), Nicosia, 11-13 September 2024, Volume 1, pp. 313–322
summary	This paper introduces a novel approach to sustainable construction through ‘Frustrated Ceramics’, a self-morphing clay material system, offering an on-site mould-less shaping method. The system consists of two clay bodies with different shrinkage rates, layered to form a flat sheet. The shrinkage difference drives a geometrical incompatibility during firing process that results in the emergence of a complex 3D shape. Through the analysis of physical experiments, based on the theory of incompatible shells, an understanding of key material properties of the system is established. Specifically, the determination of Young’s moduli ratio of the different clay bodies during critical morphing moments at the kiln is defined. This material property proves essential for the adjustment of an initial simulation tool to the case of morphing clay, enhancing our ability to predict Frustrated Ceramics’ morphing results. Further improvements of the simulation also include meshing and gravity considerations . Both material calibration and the simulation code support the newly developed design feature of variable thickness ratio, expanding control and morphological freedom. Combining physical experiments, digital simulation and physics theory, this study aims at providing architects with a predictive understanding of this energy-efficient ‘Frustrated Ceramic’ system, promoting its accessibility and future adoption in the architectural field.
keywords	parametric-simulation, material-system, material programming, self-morphing, frustrated material, morphing clay
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

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