Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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Reformat results as: short short into frame detailed detailed into frame

_id	ecaade2024_160
id	ecaade2024_160
authors	Dar, Ofri; Cohen, Omri Y.; Sharon, Eran; Blonder, Arielle
year	2024
title	Visualizing Frustration: Computational simulation tool for ‘Frustrated Ceramics’
source	Kontovourkis, O, Phocas, MC and Wurzer, G (eds.), Data-Driven Intelligence - Proceedings of the 42nd Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2024), Nicosia, 11-13 September 2024, Volume 1, pp. 313–322
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2024.1.313
summary	This paper introduces a novel approach to sustainable construction through ‘Frustrated Ceramics’, a self-morphing clay material system, offering an on-site mould-less shaping method. The system consists of two clay bodies with different shrinkage rates, layered to form a flat sheet. The shrinkage difference drives a geometrical incompatibility during firing process that results in the emergence of a complex 3D shape. Through the analysis of physical experiments, based on the theory of incompatible shells, an understanding of key material properties of the system is established. Specifically, the determination of Young’s moduli ratio of the different clay bodies during critical morphing moments at the kiln is defined. This material property proves essential for the adjustment of an initial simulation tool to the case of morphing clay, enhancing our ability to predict Frustrated Ceramics’ morphing results. Further improvements of the simulation also include meshing and gravity considerations . Both material calibration and the simulation code support the newly developed design feature of variable thickness ratio, expanding control and morphological freedom. Combining physical experiments, digital simulation and physics theory, this study aims at providing architects with a predictive understanding of this energy-efficient ‘Frustrated Ceramic’ system, promoting its accessibility and future adoption in the architectural field.
keywords	parametric-simulation, material-system, material programming, self-morphing, frustrated material, morphing clay
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	ecaade2024_413
id	ecaade2024_413
authors	Nan, Cristina
year	2024
title	The Computational Clay Column: Computational ceramic systems with additive manufacturing
source	Kontovourkis, O, Phocas, MC and Wurzer, G (eds.), Data-Driven Intelligence - Proceedings of the 42nd Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2024), Nicosia, 11-13 September 2024, Volume 1, pp. 55–64
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2024.1.055
summary	This paper presents a different conceptual approach and robotic fabrication strategy for ceramic additive manufacturing showcased through a fundamental architectural element, the column. The Computational Clay Column is treated as double system made out of core and skin, both fabricated with 3D clay printing. The underlying principle is the spatial self-interlocking of the two subsystems, core and skin, thus eliminating the need for a substructure or fastening. A particular emphasis is placed on the infill beyond its stabilizing function. Expressive and ornamental value is not only assigned to the skin but also translated to the infill. Based on a conceptual strategy of unwinding, the infill is punctually exposed, showcasing it to the viewer and amplifying the ornamental aesthetic and digital materiality of the computational design strategy and robotic fabrication logic. By exposing the core with its ceramic self-interlocking system, the tectonic expressiveness of the column as an architectural archetype is amplified. The research discusses the computational workflows, material experimentation, the interlocking and assembly logic, fabrication strategy as well as the concepts of digital craft and digital materiality. The applied methodology is based on research-through-design. No prioritization is given to form over material and process of production. The knowledge derived from analog and robotic material experimentation as well as clay’s specific material behavior relating to drying, shrinkage and warping are used to inform the design, production sequence and fabrication logic.
keywords	robotic fabrication, ceramic additive manufacturing, computational design, self-interlocking system, clay, digital craft
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	caadria2024_73
id	caadria2024_73
authors	Tohidi, Alexander, Gomaa, Mohamed, Haeusler, M. Hank and Shiel, John
year	2024
title	3D Printing Self-Shading Wall Structure With Earth. Enhancing Thermal Properties in Earthen Architecture Through Computational Tool Path Design, Inspired by Nature & Vernacular Architecture
source	Nicole Gardner, Christiane M. Herr, Likai Wang, Hirano Toshiki, Sumbul Ahmad Khan (eds.), ACCELERATED DESIGN - Proceedings of the 29th CAADRIA Conference, Singapore, 20-26 April 2024, Volume 3, pp. 121–130
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2024.3.121
summary	Global challenges warrant the rethinking of current housing solutions to provide adequate and affordable shelter for inhabitants. This paper presents an approach for the design and digital fabrication of an earthen wall. The paper reports on a 3-day workshop setting that examined how traditional knowledge of vernacular architecture in combination with biomimicry principles, computational design to enable building-scale additive manufacturing that shade itself and effectively responds to the environment and climate. The study explored innovations in computational tool path design for 3D printing, local material recipe, thermodynamic, environmentally responsive earthen wall, fenestration, airflow, non-planarity and verticality, structure, mass customization, stability, passive design strategies on how to build with local earth materials. In preparation for the workshop, 1:20 glazed ceramic prototypes were 3D printed. The experiments involved sourcing local materials, testing various earth mix recipes, finding an appropriate earth mix recipe for a viscosity that could be 3D printed, calibrating the 3D printer and pumping equipment, and printing the final 1:1 wall segment. The material selected for this study was cob, a mixture consisting of clay, sand, vegetation fibre and water, Locally sourced earth material; no transportation required, hence referred to as km-0 material. The motivation of conducting the research is to increase the sustainability, affordability and durability of construction processes.
keywords	vernacular architecture, hot arid climate, biomimicry, Cob, earth materials, 3D printing, sustainability, computational design, environmental analysis
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	ecaade2024_282
id	ecaade2024_282
authors	Vele, Jiri; Prokop, Simon; Ciganik, Ondrej; Kurilla, Lukas; Achten, Henri; Sysova, Katerina
year	2024
title	Non-planar 3D Printing of Clay Columns
source	Kontovourkis, O, Phocas, MC and Wurzer, G (eds.), Data-Driven Intelligence - Proceedings of the 42nd Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2024), Nicosia, 11-13 September 2024, Volume 1, pp. 167–174
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2024.1.167
summary	The contemporary landscape of construction 3D printing of materials like clay or concrete mainly relies on planar slicing, which, regrettably, impose constraints on the realization of overhangs and cantilevered structures, thereby limiting architectural design flexibility and posing issues in fabricating intricate structures. In response to this challenge, we investigate the integration of non-planar slicing in the construction printing of structures featuring substantial overhangs. We present a novel approach to crafting print paths strategically, fragmenting the global overhang into discrete local segments. Additionally, we introduce self-balancing control to help the buildability within segments of the print path, elevating the stability of the freshly deposited concrete during the printing process. Our methodology redistributes a portion of the bending forces into tension forces oriented along the print path, thereby augmenting the structural integrity and buildability of intricate structures with overhangs and vaults. The efficacy of our method is demonstrated through a computational parametric model and a physical prototype. A comprehensive comparative analysis is conducted against conventional planar printing methods, encompassing metrics such as geometric accuracy, buildability, material efficiency, and print time.
keywords	non-planar slicing, 3D printing, clay structures, print path design, structural integrity
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	caadria2024_109
id	caadria2024_109
authors	Lo, Tzu-Hsien and Liu, BoSheng
year	2024
title	Extruding Dredged-Based Material for Concrete Formwork through Rapid Liquid Printing
source	Nicole Gardner, Christiane M. Herr, Likai Wang, Hirano Toshiki, Sumbul Ahmad Khan (eds.), ACCELERATED DESIGN - Proceedings of the 29th CAADRIA Conference, Singapore, 20-26 April 2024, Volume 3, pp. 321–328
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2024.3.321
summary	The research delves into investigating the printed reusable Dredged-Based Material (DBM) concrete formwork using Rapid Liquid Printing (RLP) technology, revealing its potential impact on existing concrete construction by substituting sacrificial formwork usage. This is an initial exploration of the Rapid Liquid Printing process injecting Dredged-Based-Material material (M1) into the water environment (M2), where the water acts as the suspension and phase-changing accelerator. The Dredged-Based Material injection involves meticulously blended dredged material with bio-based cetyl palmitate. This paper focuses on designing and implementing an extrusion system and the extruder head utilizing stepper motors to control the flow rate, ensuring a stable extrusion state while monitoring the temperature. The Dredged-Based Material for the Rapid Liquid Printing experiment uncovered the challenge and the solution of creating a consistent extrusion through a custom extruder that can maintain the Dredged-Based-Material workability and construct a proportionally scaled prototype to validate the findings and practicality for the Dredged-Based Material Rapid Liquid Printing approach.
keywords	Rapid Liquid Printing, Dredged-Based Material, Reusable Material, 3D Printed Formwork, Reusable Concrete Formwork
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	ecaade2024_230
id	ecaade2024_230
authors	Fekar, Hugo; Novák, Jan; Míèa, Jakub; Žigmundová, Viktória; Suleimanova, Diana; Tsikoliya, Shota; Vasko, Imrich
year	2024
title	Fabrication with Residual Wood through Scanning Optimization and Robotic Milling
source	Kontovourkis, O, Phocas, MC and Wurzer, G (eds.), Data-Driven Intelligence - Proceedings of the 42nd Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2024), Nicosia, 11-13 September 2024, Volume 1, pp. 25–34
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2024.1.025
summary	The project deals with the use of residual wood of tree stumps and roots through scanning, optimization and robotic milling. Wood logging residue makes up to 50 percent of the trees harvested biomass. (Hakkila and Parikka 2002). Among prevailing strategies is leaving residue on site, and recovering residue for bioenergy. (Perlack and others 2005). The project explores the third strategy, using parts of the logging residue for fabrication, which may reduce the overall amount of wood logging volume. Furthermore approach aims for applying residue in its natural form and taking advantage of specific local characteristics of wood (Desch and Dinwoodie 1996). The project applies the strategy on working with stump and roots of an oak tree. Due to considerations of scale, available milling technics and available resources, chosen goal of the approach is to create a functioning chair prototype. Among the problems of the approach is the complex shape of the residue, uneven quality of wood, varying humidity and contamination with soil. After cleaning and drying, the stump is scanned and a 3D model is created. The 3D model od a stump is confronted with a 3D modelled limits of the goal typology (height, width, length, sitting surface area and overal volume of a chair) and topological optimization algorithm is used to iteratively reach the desired geometry. Unlike in established topological optimization proces, which aims for a minimal volume, the project attempts to achieve required qualities with removing minimal amount of wood. Due to geometric complexity of both stump and goal object, milling with an 6axis industrial robotic arm and a rotary table was chosen as a fabrication method. The object was clamped to the board (then connected to a rotary table) in order to provide precise location and orientation in 3D space. The milling of the object was divided in two parts, with the seating area milled in higher detail. Overall process of working with a residual wood that has potential to be both effective and present aesthetic quality based on individual characteristics of wood. Further development can integrate a generative tool which would streamline the design and fabrication proces further.
keywords	Robotic arm milling, Scanning, Residual wood
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	ecaade2024_182
id	ecaade2024_182
authors	Fiebig, Jan; Starke, Rolf; Vukorep, Ilija; Eisenloffel, Karen
year	2024
title	Applied Artificial Ossification for Adaptive Structural Systems
source	Kontovourkis, O, Phocas, MC and Wurzer, G (eds.), Data-Driven Intelligence - Proceedings of the 42nd Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2024), Nicosia, 11-13 September 2024, Volume 1, pp. 75–84
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2024.1.075
summary	This study explores the "Artificial Ossification" algorithm's application in real-world structures, inspired by human bone formation. It uses agents mimicking bone-building and degrading cells to iteratively optimize structures for equilibrium through the Finite Element Method. The research proposes a 3D printing pen method for material addition or removal, mirroring natural bone adaptability and sustainability. Initial tests on 3D-printed models showed promising results, leading to more rigorous comparisons between conventional and algorithm-optimized structures. Findings confirm the algorithm's practicality for adaptive, optimized structural design, with potential applications in architecture, engineering, and beyond. The study also highlights the method's sustainability, repairability, and scalability, suggesting its relevance for future research in adaptive materials and design methods.
keywords	Artificial Ossification, Adaptive Structural Systems, Bionics, Shape Optimisation, Bone Inspired Structure
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	caadria2024_354
id	caadria2024_354
authors	Gu, Sijia, Yan, Chao, Gao, Tianyi, Wu, Yufei, Wang, Ruishu, Lian, Guoliang, Wang, Rixin, Peng, Yufei, Mo, Fangshuo and Yuan, Philip F.
year	2024
title	A Phygital Form-Finding Method for Body-Scale Soundscape Installation With Flexible Materials
source	Nicole Gardner, Christiane M. Herr, Likai Wang, Hirano Toshiki, Sumbul Ahmad Khan (eds.), ACCELERATED DESIGN - Proceedings of the 29th CAADRIA Conference, Singapore, 20-26 April 2024, Volume 1, pp. 415–424
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2024.1.415
summary	Body-scale spatial installations with flexible materials effectively shape the soundscape in micro-environments. Design directives for such installations primarily rely on digital simulations and physical experiments. However, common acoustic software often fails to authentically replicate real experiential effects in compact installations. In contrast, physical experiments offer precise insights into the relationship between material forms and acoustic outcomes. Thus, a combined approach using virtual simulations and physical experiments across various scales is essential to determine the morphology and distribution of the flexible material. This research proposes a progressive design method for prototypes of soundscape installation, amalgamating phygital experimentation-based reasoning. It aims to validate the pivotal role of diverse experimental data and explore their integration within architectural design processes. The methodology involves software simulations, scale-down physical experiments, and full-scale tests, providing incremental design conclusions and facilitating the gradual realization of architectural design solutions. This approach was successfully applied to the "Natural Speaker" installation, presenting an innovative, shared experiential dataset and fostering fresh insights for soundscape design.
keywords	urban soundscape, phygital experiment, flexible material, form-finding method, architectural design
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	ecaade2024_137
id	ecaade2024_137
authors	Asaf, Ofer; Bentur, Arnon; Sprecher, Aaron
year	2024
title	Transforming Earths: Designing 3D printable materials for robotic earth architecture
source	Kontovourkis, O, Phocas, MC and Wurzer, G (eds.), Data-Driven Intelligence - Proceedings of the 42nd Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2024), Nicosia, 11-13 September 2024, Volume 1, pp. 35–44
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2024.1.035
summary	This paper explores the potential of using different local earthen materials in robotic additive manufacturing workflow despite challenges arising from soil variability. We propose a method to design materials based on locally sourced soils for 3D printing, focusing on the physical and mineralogical characteristics of the soil and the rheological properties of the mixture. By tailoring mixtures for both extrusion and stability and correlating straightforward tests with laboratory data, we advance the adaptability of earth-based materials for 3D printing. Experiments with robotic 3D printing across five soils validate our approach, suggesting pathways for furthering earthen material use in digital fabrication and underscoring the importance of material design.
keywords	Earth Construction, 3D Printing, Soil, Recycled Aggregates, Robotic Fabrication
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	caadria2024_429
id	caadria2024_429
authors	Chiujdea, Ruxandra, Sonne, Konrad, Nicholas, Paul, Eppinger, Carl and Ramsgaard Thomsen, Mette
year	2024
title	Design Strategies for Repair of 3D Printed Biocomposite Materials
source	Nicole Gardner, Christiane M. Herr, Likai Wang, Hirano Toshiki, Sumbul Ahmad Khan (eds.), ACCELERATED DESIGN - Proceedings of the 29th CAADRIA Conference, Singapore, 20-26 April 2024, Volume 3, pp. 311–320
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2024.3.311
summary	This paper presents design and fabrication methods for repair of 3D printed biopolymer composites to extend their lifespan. The methods are applied to panels exposed to weathering conditions. The workflow connects initial design parameters with diagnosis and mesh processing operations to identify deteriorated regions and generate a repair pattern for 3D printing. The pattern is informed by the initial and weathered states of the panel to create a continuous design language. This approach anticipates the repair during design stage since criteria for deteriorated region identification can be embedded during the initial panel design. We demonstrate the methods through two repair strategies using conformal 3D printing.
keywords	3D printing, biobased materials, repair, lifespan, material heterogeneity, photogrammetry, fabrication integrated modelling
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	ecaade2024_359
id	ecaade2024_359
authors	Cigáník, Ondøej; Sviták, Daniel; Sýsová, Kateøina; Tsikoliya, Shota; Vaško, Imrich
year	2024
title	Strengthened Shells: Possibilities of conformal printing on curved surfaces in large scale 3D printing
source	Kontovourkis, O, Phocas, MC and Wurzer, G (eds.), Data-Driven Intelligence - Proceedings of the 42nd Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2024), Nicosia, 11-13 September 2024, Volume 1, pp. 9–16
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2024.1.009
summary	This paper investigates the potential impact of conformal filament layering on various 3D printed structures with the aim of enhancing or altering their properties. Currently, large scale 3D printed objects predominantly utilize vase-mode style prints, occasionally featuring more intricate internal structures resembling FDM infill patterns, yet typically produced in a single continuous extrusion, resulting in a single perimeter wall thickness. This research seeks to explore the advantages of layering additional material onto the outer perimeter of a print, leveraging the capabilities of 6-axis robots and conformal printing techniques. To empirically assess the efficacy of this technique, an experiment is designed involving the fabrication of a consistent one-layer domed shell on a supportive form, onto which additional layers, oriented differently and featuring various patterns, are subsequently applied. The resultant samples are subjected to tests measuring both their strength and visual attributes, generating data for further analysis and application.
keywords	Additive Manufacturing, Robotic Fabrication, Conformal Printing, Non-planar, Recycled Material, Material Characteristics
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	ecaade2024_296
id	ecaade2024_296
authors	Fereos, Pavlos; Bauer, Kilian; Efthimiou, Eftychios-Nicolaos
year	2024
title	Surface Articulation as Structural Leverage in Large Scale 3D Printing
source	Kontovourkis, O, Phocas, MC and Wurzer, G (eds.), Data-Driven Intelligence - Proceedings of the 42nd Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2024), Nicosia, 11-13 September 2024, Volume 2, pp. 607–616
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2024.2.607
summary	As large-scale robotic 3D printing continues to gain traction in architecture, design and construction, the necessity to develop fabrication-inherent strategies and guidelines to overcome generic limitations of the method becomes increasingly apparent. To contribute to this process, this paper presents three prototypes that explore the concept of surface articulation through geometry manipulation as structural leverage in large scale robotic 3D printing. Each of the three prototypes addresses a specific architectural task with increasing ambition to incrementally challenge the hypothesis. The three research pieces are a three-meter tall, leaning Column, an ornamental Throne and a two and a half meters tall, cantilevering Lamp-post. While the three prototypes represent only a small series of case studies, they are nonetheless diverse and demonstrate situations of different structural stresses, ranging from tension to compression to bending. In the attempt to counteract these structural stresses, all three prototypes pursue the notion of geometry manipulation in the appearance of surface articulation. While the approach to improve surface rigidity through complexity and folding has been known for a long time, it is inherent to the nature of digital design and fabrication, which could revive surface ornamentation in additive manufacturing. The three objects presented, which together form the Trilogy of Additive Hyper-Ornamental Prototypes, aim to contribute to this process by showcasing initial explorations into surface articulation as structural leverage in large scale 3D printing and the aesthetics inherent to this process in order to inspire further research.
keywords	large scale 3D printing, robotic fabrication, surface ornamentation, material properties, geometry manipulation
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	ecaade2024_92
id	ecaade2024_92
authors	Mayor Luque, Ricardo; Beguin, Nestor; Rizvi Riaz, Sheikh; Dias, Jessica; Pandey, Sneham
year	2024
title	Multi-material Gradient Additive Manufacturing: A data-driven performative design approach to multi-materiality through robotic fabrication
source	Kontovourkis, O, Phocas, MC and Wurzer, G (eds.), Data-Driven Intelligence - Proceedings of the 42nd Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2024), Nicosia, 11-13 September 2024, Volume 1, pp. 381–390
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2024.1.381
summary	Buildings are responsible for 39% of global energy-related carbon emissions, with operational activities contributing 28% and materials and construction accounting for 11%(World Green Building Council, 2019) It is therefore vital to reconsider our reliance on fossil fuels for building materials and to develop new advanced manufacturing techniques that enable an integrated approach to material-controlled conception and production. The emergence of Multi-material Additive Manufacturing (MM-AM) technology represents a paradigm shift in producing elements with hybrid properties derived from novel and optimized solutions. Through robotic fabrication, MM-AM offers streamlined operations, reduced material usage, and innovative fabrication methods. It encompasses a plethora of methods to address diverse construction needs and integrates material gradients through data-driven analyses, challenging traditional prefabrication practices and emphasizing the current growth of machine learning algorithms in design processes. The research outlined in this paper presents an innovative approach to MM-AM gradient 3D printing through robotic fabrication, employing data-driven performative analyses enabling control over print paths for sustainable applications in both the AM industry and our built environment. The article highlights several designed prototypes from two distinct phases, demonstrating the framework's viability, implications, and constraints: a workshop dedicated to data-driven analyses in facade systems for MM-AM 3D-printed brick components, and a 3D-printed brick facade system utilizing two renewable and bio-materials—Cork sourced from recycled stoppers and Charcoal, with the potential for carbon sequestration.
keywords	Data-driven Performative design, Multi-material 3d Printing, Material Research, Fabrication-informed Material Design, Robotic Fabrication
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	ecaade2024_72
id	ecaade2024_72
authors	Eidner, Fabian; Turean, Alina; Leder, Samuel; Maierhofer, Mathias; Schwinn, Tobias; Menges, Achim
year	2024
title	Equilibrium Morphologies
source	Kontovourkis, O, Phocas, MC and Wurzer, G (eds.), Data-Driven Intelligence - Proceedings of the 42nd Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2024), Nicosia, 11-13 September 2024, Volume 1, pp. 351–360
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2024.1.351
summary	While primarily admired for their material efficiency and aesthetic potentials, form-active fabric structures also offer original solutions to architectural design, modulating spaces with pliable and soft surface qualities. Their application, however, is hindered by the need for a profound understanding of the relationship between morphology, structure, and materialization. To comprehend and resolve these interdependencies, architects and engineers employ the means of form-finding. Existing form-finding methods for fabric structures exist either in purely digital or purely physical mediums. This paper introduces a cyber-physical form-finding method that seeks the equilibrium state of highly articulated fabric structures through sensorial modeling and emergent behavior of interacting forces. By embracing the softness and inherent responsiveness of elastic fabrics, this research presents an interactive form-finding approach for form-active material system where real-time shape adjustments are performed through hands-on manipulation. The developed design interface enables designers and user to swiftly explore numerous fabric morphologies in their equilibrium, suggesting intuitive tangible means of design communication.
keywords	Fabric Structures, Form-Finding, Tangible Interfaces, Behavioral Fabrication, Cyber-Physical Making
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	ecaade2024_201
id	ecaade2024_201
authors	Hashizume, Keiji; Fukuda, Tomohiro; Yabuki, Nobuyoshi
year	2024
title	A Surface Modeling Method for Indoor Spaces from 3D Point Cloud Reconstructed by 3D Gaussian Splatting
source	Kontovourkis, O, Phocas, MC and Wurzer, G (eds.), Data-Driven Intelligence - Proceedings of the 42nd Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2024), Nicosia, 11-13 September 2024, Volume 1, pp. 695–704
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2024.1.695
summary	Building information modeling (BIM) is becoming increasingly important in architectural projects, and the implementation of BIM in new construction projects is progressing. On the other hand, many existing buildings do not have BIM data, so it is necessary to create it from scratch. A common method for converting existing buildings to BIM is scan-to-BIM, using techniques such as laser scanning or photogrammetry. However, laser scanning provides accurate point cloud data but requires expensive equipment, while photogrammetry is generally cost-effective but has lower accuracy point cloud data. Another approach for creating BIM from 2D images is to use neural radiance fields (NeRF). However, NeRF faces challenges in terms of data accuracy and processing speed when dealing with large or complex scenes. In contrast, 3D Gaussian Splatting is an emerging computer vision technology that uses machine learning to reconstruct 3D scenes from 2D images faster than NeRF, with comparable or better quality. Therefore, this study proposes a method to create surface models consisting of floors, walls, and ceilings as a preliminary step to creating BIM data for existing indoor spaces using 3D Gaussian Splatting. First, point cloud is generated using 3D Gaussian Splatting, followed by noise reduction. The point cloud is then classified based on height. Subsequently, processing such as extraction of boundary primitives from the point cloud of the floor and classification of feature points are performed to estimate the shape of the floor. Finally, ceilings and walls are created based on height and floor shape. The results of validation confirm an error of between 0.01m and 0.5m in the generated surface models. This study proposes a novel attempt to create 3D models using 3D Gaussian Splatting, contributing to the generation of BIM data for existing buildings.
keywords	Point Cloud, 3D Gaussian Splatting, Scan2BIM, Surface Modeling, Indoor 3D Reconstruction
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	ecaade2024_27
id	ecaade2024_27
authors	Hizmi, Bat-El; Ben-Yosef, Almog; Aidlin, Amit; Sterman, Yoav
year	2024
title	BarBend: Parametric and reversible solid wood bending Through CNC Cutting
source	Kontovourkis, O, Phocas, MC and Wurzer, G (eds.), Data-Driven Intelligence - Proceedings of the 42nd Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2024), Nicosia, 11-13 September 2024, Volume 1, pp. 371–380
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2024.1.371
summary	Computational and robotic approaches for bending wood include cutting kerfs and slits that generates flexibility in the wood or using external fixtures to keep the wood bent while in tension. In both cases, the bent configuration is maintained using glue or external fixtures, making it challenging to unbend the wood back to its straight configuration. The paper presents a novel method for parametric and reversible solid wood bending inspired by kerfing and Active Bending. The aim is to create a computational method in which, for any curve that consists of arcs and straight lines, a cut pattern is generated that allows the bending of a solid wood beam to match the input curve. The suggested approach is based on splitting an arc into two parts, connected by a thin bar along the grain direction. The bar is elastic and allows for manual bending. While bending, the precise CNC cutting of the arcs forces the wood to take the intended bending shape while maintaining tension. A bowtie inlay locks the bending in place. Once the locking is removed, the wood may be unbent. The research explores the limitation of the suggested method in terms of the possible bent radii and conducts compression tests to evaluate the strength of the bentwood. Two main advantages of the suggested approach are demonstrated. The first is creating curved profiles out of timber wood, which is limited in width. The second advantage is material efficiency when cutting curved profiles from plywood panels. Our computational bending method enables designers to prototype and construct DIY furniture and temporary structures with a simple assembly.
keywords	Robotic fabrication, Wood construction, Wedged Kerfing, Computational design, Timber, efficient packaging
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	caadria2024_421
id	caadria2024_421
authors	Hu, Xinyi, Chen, Xiang, Zhu, Yue, Li, Ce and Guo, Zhe
year	2024
title	An Adaptive Structure Prototype Design Method Based on Discrete Modular Assembly System
source	Nicole Gardner, Christiane M. Herr, Likai Wang, Hirano Toshiki, Sumbul Ahmad Khan (eds.), ACCELERATED DESIGN - Proceedings of the 29th CAADRIA Conference, Singapore, 20-26 April 2024, Volume 3, pp. 281–290
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2024.3.281
summary	This paper contributes to the research in the field of generative computational design of discrete assemblies and their implementations in constructing spatial structures in architecture. In the article, by proposing a standard tubular shape as the base unit, and then accomplishing type constraints, quantity integration, and cost control, we achieve an effective generation, optimization, and assembly strategy for discrete structures. Based on the principles of performance-oriented architecture and cost control, we utilize computational geometric generation and optimal design with simulated annealing and genetic algorithms to achieve a globally optimal solution by constraining the spatial voxel control mesh, which produces a discrete modular assembly system that not only has structural stability but also creates complex spatial forms. The method has the potential to optimize the digital generation and construction process, control implementation costs, and extend engineering applications.
keywords	Computational Generative Design, Discrete Structures, Genetic Algorithm, Modular Construction
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	ecaade2024_166
id	ecaade2024_166
authors	Kapon, Gal; Blonder, Arielle; Austern, Guy
year	2024
title	A Machine Learning Approach to The Inverse Problem of Self-Morphing Composites
source	Kontovourkis, O, Phocas, MC and Wurzer, G (eds.), Data-Driven Intelligence - Proceedings of the 42nd Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2024), Nicosia, 11-13 September 2024, Volume 1, pp. 293–302
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2024.1.293
summary	Composite materials are valued in architecture for their remarkable strength-to-weight ratio and ability to shape intricate structures. However, conventional methods relying on single-use molds raise environmental concerns. Recent advancements in moldless fabrication, particularly self-morphing techniques, leverage geometric frustration—internal stresses generated by material architecture. Uniaxial shrinkage in composites, traditionally seen as distortions, can be harnessed to create a self-shaping mechanism, enabling the achievement of complex geometries by varying fiber orientations. This paper addresses the inverse problem of self-morphing composites, aiming at the generation of production plans from desired designs for morphing. We propose leveraging machine learning, notably Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), to predict fiber layouts using 2D data matrices. The paper outlines the use of simulations to construct a dataset for training CNN models to predict the fiber layouts required to achieve design geometry. The contribution of this work is to advance digital design and simulation methods and tools towards the implementation of self-morphing matter in architectural fabrication.
keywords	Self-morphing, geometric frustration, moldless fabrication, digital fabrication, inverse design, machine learning, CNN, composite materials
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	ecaade2024_339
id	ecaade2024_339
authors	Shi, Yichao; Mamoli, Myrsini; Wang, Chunlan
year	2024
title	Automated Generative Design in Archaeological Reconstruction of Greek Architecture: Utilizing parallel shape grammars in Shape Machine
source	Kontovourkis, O, Phocas, MC and Wurzer, G (eds.), Data-Driven Intelligence - Proceedings of the 42nd Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2024), Nicosia, 11-13 September 2024, Volume 2, pp. 209–218
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2024.2.209
summary	The reconstruction of historical architectural structures presents significant challenges due to a lack of historical information and the complexities of classical architecture. Traditional reconstruction techniques frequently fall short of capturing the variability and complexities inherent in ancient designs. This study proposes a novel approach that combines parallel shape grammar and computer-aided design (CAD) using the Shape Machine, an advanced shape grammar interpreter. Taking the Ionic Porch at the Sanctuary of the Great Gods in Samothrace as a case study, this method suggests variations of elevations and plans for buildings using limited archaeological evidence, architectural data, and Vitruvian principles of classical design to create shape grammars for the Ionic Porch. These grammars capture this Hellenistic monument's architectural details and are integrated into the Shape Machine for precise manipulation. Besides automating architectural plans and elevations, our method includes visual scripting to document the reconstruction process. This helps us understand the Ionic Porch's architecture and follows the London Charter's principles of technical accuracy, historical authenticity, and archaeological integrity in reconstruction.
keywords	Shape Grammars, Ionic Porch, Architectural Reconstruction, Design Variations, Ancient Greek Architecture
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	ecaade2024_181
id	ecaade2024_181
authors	Vaknin, Yitzchak; Sharon, Eran; Blonder, Arielle
year	2024
title	Computational Simulation of Anisotropic Self-Morphing Materials in Architectural Design
source	Kontovourkis, O, Phocas, MC and Wurzer, G (eds.), Data-Driven Intelligence - Proceedings of the 42nd Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2024), Nicosia, 11-13 September 2024, Volume 1, pp. 303–312
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2024.1.303
summary	This study introduces a computational simulator designed for materials that morph due to internal stresses, applied to architectural contexts. This approach marks a significant evolution in architectural practices, highlighting a shift towards sustainability, adaptability, and responsiveness in design. These materials present new challenges in architectural design, necessitating advanced computational tools for form-finding to predict complex behaviors not easily inferred from initial conditions. Our simulator, integrated with Grasshopper and using the Kangaroo Physics plugin, aims to enhance shape-finding processes for these materials, providing reliable shape predictions and broadening design possibilities. Focusing on anisotropic materials, particularly fiber-based polymer composites, the simulator enables designers to create structures that can adapt to various conditions. This capability extends the potential for sustainable and innovative architectural solutions, moving beyond traditional design constraints to embrace the complexities of material behavior and interaction. Utilizing sophisticated algorithms and models, the tool facilitates early simulation and visualization of materials and structures, bridging theoretical concepts with practical applications.
keywords	frustrated materials, material simulation, self-morphing, moldless fabrication, anisotropic materials, fiber composites
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

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