CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id ecaade2017_212
id ecaade2017_212
authors Kwiecinski, Krystian, Markusiewicz, Jacek and Pasternak, Agata
year 2017
title Participatory Design Supported with Design System and Augmented Reality
source Fioravanti, A, Cursi, S, Elahmar, S, Gargaro, S, Loffreda, G, Novembri, G, Trento, A (eds.), ShoCK! - Sharing Computational Knowledge! - Proceedings of the 35th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy, 20-22 September 2017, pp. 745-754
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2017.2.745
summary In this paper we present our research which is focused on developing and testing a method supporting participatory design process with a use of a design system and Augmented Reality interactive interface. We propose a concept of participatory design where participants can directly interact with architectural knowledge encapsulated in the design system. The proposed concept of participatory design supported with a design system was tested during a workshop conducted in Kaunas, Lithuania. The dedicated design system was created in order to minimize physical interaction between the architect and the users while allowing for customization of design solutions by participants. The design system and the participatory design process were linked with the use of a digital communication interface. The paper is concluded with a critical view on the process. The conclusions are based substantially on the results of a survey prepared by the authors and conducted among workshop's participant.
keywords Augmented Reality; participatory design; design interface; parametric design
series eCAADe
type normal paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:56

_id ecaade2016_136
id ecaade2016_136
authors Kwiecinski, Krystian, Santos, Filipe, Almeida, Ana de, Taborda, Bruno and Eloy, Sara
year 2016
title Wood Mass-Customized Housing - A dual computer implementation design strategy
source Herneoja, Aulikki; Toni Österlund and Piia Markkanen (eds.), Complexity & Simplicity - Proceedings of the 34th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, 22-26 August 2016, pp. 349-358
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2016.2.349
wos WOS:000402064400034
summary This paper reports our current research on automatic generation of houses layouts according to future inhabitant's requirements. For that generation we propose the use of a design method based on shape grammars that encodes light wood frame construction guidelines. Two different implementations for the design system are presently under development. One based on shape grammars supplemented with procedural knowledge and another using a genetic algorithm. Both implementations allow the generation of house layouts that fulfill both the user requirements and the design language.
keywords shape grammar; genetic algorithm; computer implementation
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:52

_id ecaade2018_180
id ecaade2018_180
authors Kwieciñski, Krystian and Markusiewicz, Jacek
year 2018
title HOPLA - Interfacing Automation for Mass-customization
source Kepczynska-Walczak, A, Bialkowski, S (eds.), Computing for a better tomorrow - Proceedings of the 36th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland, 19-21 September 2018, pp. 159-168
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2018.2.159
summary HOPLA (Home Planner) is a computer-aided design system aimed at simplifying customization of house design. It merges aspects of user-centered computer-aided design with machine-centered computerized design, as defined by Negroponte in The Architecture Machine. The tool was developed to fulfill mass-customization principles without compromising mass production efficiency and to support users' participation in design processes to help them formulate expectations and search for design solutions. We describe the details of the system development and its possible use in the process of mass-customization and participatory design of single-family houses. The system consists of two core elements: an algorithm based on a generic grammar responsible for generating design solutions in relation to user input, and a Tangible User Interface allowing users to introduce data and to control the process in an intuitive way. The main challenge in developing the system was to synchronize the freedom of user's design decisions with the rigor of machine's verification process.
keywords mass-customization; participatory design; tangible user interface; house design; generative design
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:55

_id 3b18
authors Kwok, Wai Tham
year 1992
title A model of routine design using design prototypes
source University of Sydney
keywords Architectural Design; Data Processing; Buildings; Environmental Engineering; Design; Philosophy
series thesis:PhD
last changed 2003/02/12 22:37

_id acadia21_152
id acadia21_152
authors Kwon, Hyojin; Sherman, Adam
year 2021
title Crooked Captures
source ACADIA 2021: Realignments: Toward Critical Computation [Proceedings of the 41st Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-986-08056-7]. Online and Global. 3-6 November 2021. edited by B. Bogosian, K. Dörfler, B. Farahi, J. Garcia del Castillo y López, J. Grant, V. Noel, S. Parascho, and J. Scott. 152-157.
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2021.152
summary With flashy renderings dominating news feeds and high-flying drones filming from otherwise inaccessible vantage points, our encounters with the built environment increasingly involve perspectival views, but not necessarily those experienced firsthand. As tools for image production and consumption evolve, so too will methods for studying historical precedents.

Crooked Captures treats this proliferation of digital images as fertile ground for photogrammetric explorations into how two-dimensional imaging techniques can influence three-dimensional form. While photogrammetry, the process of determining spatial measurements of physical objects from photographic inputs, has been an area of investigation for almost two centuries, the technique’s potential has blossomed with increased access to high quality cameras. Typical photogrammetric applications couple high-fidelity scanning and computing to produce faithful digital copies of physical artifacts and scenes for measuring and surveying. Leading photogrammetry software packages promise accuracy and precision, touting the exact replication of physical forms in digital space—so-called reality capture—as an indisputable virtue.

series ACADIA
type project
email
last changed 2023/10/22 12:06

_id acadia22_76
id acadia22_76
authors Kwon, Hyunchul; Soni, Priyank; Saeedi, Ali; Shahverdi, Moslem; Dillenburger, Benjamin
year 2022
title 3D Printing and Shape Memory Alloys
source ACADIA 2022: Hybrids and Haecceities [Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9860805-8-1]. University of Pennsylvania Stuart Weitzman School of Design. 27-29 October 2022. edited by M. Akbarzadeh, D. Aviv, H. Jamelle, and R. Stuart-Smith. 76-89.
summary This paper presents a novel method combining the use of 3D printing (3DP) and shape memory alloys (SMAs) to compose kinetic architectural elements that are energy- and material-efficient within compact-integrated composites. Kinetic systems for architectural use have been explored since the late twentieth century using motor mechanics. However, the primary challenges of this method include maintenance of mechanical units, their high energy demand, and noise during actuation. To address these shortcomings, this research explores a hybrid of 3DP motion-optimized parts with embedded SMAs as a muscle that changes shape with temperature stimulus
series ACADIA
type paper
email
last changed 2024/02/06 14:00

_id ecaade2023_447
id ecaade2023_447
authors Kyaw, Alexander Htet, Otto, Jack and Lok, Leslie
year 2023
title Active Bending in Physics-Based Mixed Reality: The design and fabrication of a reconfigurable modular bamboo system
source Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 169–178
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.169
summary The research addresses the difficulties of designing with a non-standard and structurally dynamic material, such as bamboo, by using mixed reality (MR) as a virtual and collaborative design environment with integrated material physics simulations. This paper describes the development of a workflow that integrates (1) a reconfigurable modular bamboo system leveraging the active bending property of bamboo, (2) a custom physics-based MR environment facilitating on-site collaborative design, and (3) an MR user interface enabling users to customize material parameters unique to bamboo. The reconfigurable modular bamboo system is a kit of parts consisting of linear, triangular, and tetrahedral bundled bamboo modules that can be assembled on the ground and lofted into complex active bending structures. Through a Physics-Based Mixed Reality design framework, multiple users can reconfigure these modules virtually, dynamically, and collaboratively, iterating through several configurations on-site before deploying real-world resources. The result is a custom MR environment that enables non-expert users to participate in the design process through a user interface for managing module properties and connectivity.
keywords Mixed Reality, Augmented Reality, Physics Simulation, Participatory Design, User Interface, Fabrication, Bamboo, Biomaterials, Transformable Structures
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2023/12/10 10:49

_id ecaade2020_184
id ecaade2020_184
authors Kycia, Agata and Guiducci, Lorenzo
year 2020
title Self-shaping Textiles - A material platform for digitally designed, material-informed surface elements
source Werner, L and Koering, D (eds.), Anthropologic: Architecture and Fabrication in the cognitive age - Proceedings of the 38th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 16-18 September 2020, pp. 21-30
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2020.2.021
summary Despite the cutting edge developments in science and technology, architecture to a large extent still tends to favor form over matter by forcing materials into predefined, often superficial geometries, with functional aspects relegated to materials or energy demanding mechanized systems. Biomaterials research has instead shown a variety of physical architectures in which form and matter are intimately related (Fratzl, Weinkamer, 2007). We take inspiration from the morphogenetic processes taking place in plants' leaves (Sharon et al., 2007), where intricate three-dimensional surfaces originate from in-plane growth distributions, and propose the use of 3D printing on pre-stretched textiles (Tibbits, 2017) as an alternative, material-based, form-finding technique. We 3D print open fiber bundles, analyze the resulting wrinkling phenomenon and use it as a design strategy for creating three-dimensional textile surfaces. As additive manufacturing becomes more and more affordable, materials more intelligent and robust, the proposed form-finding technique has a lot of potential for designing efficient textile structures with optimized structural performance and minimal usage of material.
keywords self-shaping textiles; material form-finding; wrinkling; surface instabilities; bio-inspired design; leaf morphogenesis
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:52

_id ecaade2022_138
id ecaade2022_138
authors Kycia, Agata, Rossi, Andrea, Hugo, Jörg, Jünger, Konrad, Sauer, Christiane and Krüger, Nils
year 2022
title Felt and Fold - Design and manufacturing of customized nonwovens through robotic needle felting
source Pak, B, Wurzer, G and Stouffs, R (eds.), Co-creating the Future: Inclusion in and through Design - Proceedings of the 40th Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2022) - Volume 1, Ghent, 13-16 September 2022, pp. 195–204
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2022.1.195
summary This paper explores the potential of robotic needle felting for customized production of nonwoven textiles and their architectural applications. The possibility to program the robotic movement and locally control fiber density and distribution allows the design of nonwoven, heterogeneous materials with graded properties not by differentiating their chemical composition, but rather controlling their mechanical structure. We propose a parametric design and fabrication workflow relying on a 6-axis robotic arm. We describe design techniques for the generation of felted surfaces with varying material properties and their translation to instructions for robotic felting, as well as the physical fabrication setup. Within our research, the ability to locally differentiate material properties is further explored to create three-dimensional folding behaviors. We study how fiber densities affect their folding ability and geometry, examine qualities of resulting edges, analyze how they affect folding and finally design targeted folded structures by informing the felting pattern. While robotic felting has not yet found significant applications in architecture, the designs and prototypes demonstrate its potential in the architectural context, as it suggests new solutions for recyclable, circular building components or surfaces.
keywords Robotic Needle Felting, Graded Nonwovens, Folding, Heterogeneous Materials
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2024/04/22 07:10

_id ecaaderis2018_110
id ecaaderis2018_110
authors Kyprianou, Stefanos, Polyviou, Pavlos, Tsaggari, Marianna and Phocas, Marios C.
year 2018
title Tall Tensegrities - A Parametric Deformation Control Analysis
source Odysseas Kontovourkis (ed.), Sustainable Computational Workflows [6th eCAADe Regional International Workshop Proceedings / ISBN 9789491207143], Department of Architecture, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus, 24-25 May 2018, pp. 87-94
keywords The design of tall structures with high slenderness, i.e. width/height ratio, and minimum self-weight, considers in addition to aspects of modularity, constructability and connectivity of the primary members, the static and dynamic behavior of the systems. Assuming constant mass and damping ratio over the height of the building, the structure necessitates respective definition of its stiffness properties, resulting from its configuration, i.e. geometrical stiffness, and the section properties of the members applied, for achieving controlled deformations under horizontal loading. In particular, structural deformation control is traced in the current paper in simplified means through a Finite-Element Analysis of a tall tensegrity structure with overall system dimensions of 12.12/96 m, i.e. 1/7.92 slenderness, developed in three different configurations. Furthermore, a differentiated pretension of the tension-only members of one of the systems has been applied for control of its response behavior. The parametric structural analysis of the tensegrity systems verifies the significant role of the tension-only elements in the system stabilization and horizontal response.
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2018/05/29 14:33

_id ascaad2016_006
id ascaad2016_006
authors Kyriakidis, Periklis
year 2016
title Algorithmic Clustering of Spatial Entities - Clustering of 64 single rooms using the Self-Organizing Map algorithm
source Parametricism Vs. Materialism: Evolution of Digital Technologies for Development [8th ASCAAD Conference Proceedings ISBN 978-0-9955691-0-2] London (United Kingdom) 7-8 November 2016, pp. 39-44
summary Grouping spatial entities according to any kind of parameters has always been important both for practical and for theoretical purposes in architecture. For a long time, classification according to traditional reference systems was considered the only method to fulfil this purpose. However, in recent years, information technology has led to the hybridization and spread of design outputs, challenging the limits of applicability of these traditional reference systems and making it meaningless to refer to classification. This paper suggests the method of clustering spatial entities using user-defined reference systems. The method is demonstrated with a case study where 64 single rooms are clustered according to user-defined parameters with the use of the Self-Organizing Map. This method gives the power to the user to define and determine reference systems for the clustering of architectural projects according to their needs.
series ASCAAD
email
last changed 2017/05/25 13:13

_id ecaade2023_123
id ecaade2023_123
authors Kyropoulou, Mili, Subramaniam, Sarith, Tobin, Michael F. and Hoffmann, Sabine
year 2023
title Modeling Photosynthetically Active Radiation using a Spectrally Weighted Raytracing Approach
source Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 239–248
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.239
summary Green infrastructure in cities is associated with numerous benefits, such as decreasing temperatures, mitigating urban heat islands, improving air quality and thermal comfort, reducing energy consumption, and improving quality of life. Although including urban green areas in cities is often presented as a viable design strategy, the feasibility of establishing specific vegetation types within geometrically complex microclimates resulting from solar exposure differences is often disregarded. This article presents the development of a methodology to generate annual estimates of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in outdoor spaces. The methodology employs the Radiance raytracing system and custom scripts to calculate hourly averages of PAR in terms of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) using a novel wavelength-based calculation. A computational tool was developed which can provide light availability in PPFD and be converted to daily light integral (DLI), a variable commonly used to assess plant growth potential. A case study demonstrates the importance of the geographic location, the sky conditions, and the definition of the growing season for optimum utilization of the tool. Urban farmers, city planners, and landscape designers can benefit from this computational method that provides modeled light conditions to inform plant selection, especially within a dense urban environment.
keywords Photosynthetically Active Radiation, Solar Radiation Modeling, Urban Microclimate, Urban Greening
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2023/12/10 10:49

_id ga9809
id ga9809
authors Kälviäinen, Mirja
year 1998
title The ideological basis of generative expression in design
source International Conference on Generative Art
summary This paper will discuss issues concerning the design ideology supporting the use and development of generative design. This design ideology is based on the unique qualities of craft production and on the forms or ideas from nature or the natural characteristics of materials. The main ideology presented here is the ideology of the 1980´s art craft production in Finland. It is connected with the general Finnish design ideology and with the design ideology of other western countries. The ideology for these professions is based on the common background of design principles stated in 19th century England. The early principles developed through the Arts and Crafts tradition which had a great impact on design thinking in Europe and in the United States. The strong continuity of this design ideology from 19th century England to the present computerized age can be detected. The application of these design principles through different eras shows the difference in the interpretations and in the permission of natural decorative forms. The ideology of the 1980ïs art craft in Finland supports the ideas and fulfilment of generative design in many ways. The reasons often given as the basis for making generative design with computers are in very many respects the same as the ideology for art craft. In Finland there is a strong connection between art craft and design ideology. The characteristics of craft have often been seen as the basis for industrial design skills. The main themes in the ideology of the 1980´s art craft in Finland can be compared to the ideas of generative design. The main issues in which the generative approach reflects a distinctive ideological thinking are: Way of Life: The work is the communication of the maker´s inner ideas. The concrete relationship with the environment, personality, uniqueness, communication, visionary qualities, development and growth of the maker are important. The experiments serve as a media for learning. Taste and Aesthetic Education: The real love affair is created by the non living object with the help of memories and thought. At their best objects create the basis in their stability and communication for durable human relationships. People have warm relationships especially with handmade products in which they can detect unique qualities and the feeling that the product has been made solely for them. Counter-culture: The aim of the work is to produce alternatives for technoburocracy and mechanical production and to bring subjective and unique experiences into the customerïs monotonious life. This ideology rejects the usual standardized mass production of our times. Mythical character: There is a metamorphosis in the birth of the product. In many ways the design process is about birth and growth. The creative process is a development story of the maker. The complexity of communication is the expression of the moments that have been lived. If you can sense the process of making in the product it makes it more real and nearer to life. Each piece of wood has its own beauty. Before you can work with it you must find the deep soul of its quality. The distinctive traits of the material, technique and the object are an essential part of the metamorphosis which brings the product into life. The form is not only for formïs sake but for other purposes, too. You cannot find loose forms in nature. Products have their beginnings in the material and are a part of the nature. This art craft ideology that supports the ideas of generative design can be applied either to the hand made crafts production or to the production exploiting new technology. The unique characteristics of craft and the expression of the material based development are a way to broaden the expression and forms of industrial products. However, for a crafts person it is not meaningful to fill the world with objects. In generative, computer based production this is possible. But maybe the production of unique pieces is still slower and makes the industrial production in that sense more ecological. People will be more attached to personal and unique objects, and thus the life cycle of the objects produced will be longer.
series other
email
more http://www.generativeart.com/
last changed 2003/08/07 17:25

_id e997
authors Kós, J., Barki, J., Segre, R., Borde, A. and Vilas Boas, N.
year 2002
title Investigação digital dos projetos do MESP: a busca dos vestígios do modernismo brasileiro [Digital exploration of MESP projects: the search for the Brazilian Modernism footprints]
source SIGraDi 2002 - [Proceedings of the 6th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Caracas (Venezuela) 27-29 november 2002, pp. 75-78
summary This paper aims to demonstrate how the design process analysis of an important architectural icon of the city of Rio de Janeiro – the Ministry of Education and Public Health, MESP – allows the understanding of how the decisions taken during the design process synthesizes a way those involved in the project see the world, through an architectural artifact. This research presents, through 3D models, grouped in a hyperdocument, the project of that important Brazilian Modern Architecture icon. The 3D models were critical to the hypothesis development. They were a powerful tool to compare the different design versions while allowing projects with originally different forms of representation could be examined side by side from several equal point of views. Another important aspect of the investigation is the use of hyperdocument, through links of several document formats in an interactive way, to present the analysis.
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:54

_id f2ed
authors Kós, José R., et al.
year 2000
title The city that doesn‚t exist: multimedia reconstruction of Latin American cities
source IEEE internet computing, 7(2), pp. 12-16
summary Contributed by Jose Ripper Kós (josekos@ufrj.br)
keywords 3D City modeling
series other
more http://www.fau.ufrj.br/prourb/cidades/vsmm99
last changed 2001/06/04 20:27

_id ecaade03_387_139_kos
id ecaade03_387_139_kos
authors Kós, José Ripper
year 2003
title 3D models as a base for historical narrative experiments
source Digital Design [21th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-1-6] Graz (Austria) 17-20 September 2003, pp. 387-396
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2003.387
summary Historians have relied mostly in descriptive narratives to represent their research. In the first half of the XX century, with the influence of other disciplines, that instrument started to be questioned. This paper aims to overview that debate and the search for new forms of historical representation that would overcome most of the historians’ alleged shortcomings. A web-based system that relates 3D city models to a database of historical documents of a great variety of sources is presented as a digital alternative for the representation of Rio de Janeiro’s history.
keywords 3D city models; historical narratives; database; cultural history; urban evolution
series eCAADe
email
more http://www.fau.ufrj.br/prourb/jkos.htm
last changed 2022/06/07 07:52

_id d00c
authors Kós, José Ripper
year 2001
title Modeling the City History
source Architectural Information Management [19th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-8-1] Helsinki (Finland) 29-31 August 2001, pp. 436-441
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2001.436
summary This paper explores the idea that 3D city models integrated with hypermedia systems can facilitate the sense of belonging to a place. 3D models are powerful tools for buildings and urban space analysis as artifacts, which synthesize men’s reality and aspirations. As such, combined with hypermedia resources, they can strengthen the spectator’s actual experience in the analyzed space. The focus of the investigation is 3D models constructed to represent and analyze city evolution. The experience of developing the models of Latin American cities – Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and Havana, Cuba – developed at PROURB (Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro) is explained with an overview of its methodology.
keywords 3D City Model, Hypermedia, Sense Of Place, City Evolution, Latin America
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:52

_id 76d6
authors Kós, José Ripper
year 2002
title The Digital Historical Researcher
source Connecting the Real and the Virtual - design e-ducation [20th eCAADe Conference Proceedi_gs / ISBN 0-9541183-0-8] Warsaw (Poland) 18-20 September 2002, pp. 502-510
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2002.502
summary Abstract. 3D modeling is many times applied as a tool to represent historical buildings or urban settings. Most of the time, however, its importance in the research process is minimized. Few researchers credit it as an instrument to discover and understand a historical process. The objective of this paper is to present 3D modeling as an important part of an architectural or urban historical research process. This argument is presented through 3D modeling previous experiences related to historical research, the concept of ‘ur-history’, conceived by Walter Benjamin during his major research project about the history of XIX Century Paris and also our research group examination of the growth of a South American city and the design development of a Modern Architecture icon in that city. In both cases historical research was based primarily in the modeling process, which synthesizes all data collected from plans, archive images and documents, books and analyses of existing artifacts.
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:52

_id sigradi2009_1006
id sigradi2009_1006
authors Kós, José Ripper; Thêmis da Cruz Fagundes; Almir Francisco Reis; Filipe Lima Botelho
year 2009
title Modelo urbano 3D como instrumento de integração de pesquisas acadêmicas [3D city model as a tool for connecting academic research]
source SIGraDi 2009 - Proceedings of the 13th Congress of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics, Sao Paulo, Brazil, November 16-18, 2009
summary This paper describes the city modeling process of Florianopolis, Brazil, within an architecture graduate program. The model focuses the city urban evolution and aims to integrate different research groups that have Florianopolis as their study object. The process of interpreting historical and other analog data in order to include them into the model becomes a tool to connect research information and stimulate collaboration with researchers who have worked separately. We discuss some tools applied to the modeling process and some research projects that are starting to be embedded in the model.
keywords Modelo urbano 3D; evolução urbana; práticas colaborativas; Florianópolis
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:54

_id ijac201513302
id ijac201513302
authors König, Reinhard
year 2015
title Urban Design Synthesis for Building Layouts based on Evolutionary Many-Criteria Optimization
source International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 13 - no. 3, 257-269
summary Urban Design Synthesis for Building Layouts based on Evolutionary Many-Criteria Optimization
series journal
last changed 2019/05/24 09:55

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