CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id 273f
authors Elcock, E.W.
year 1983
title How Complete are Knowledge Representation Systems?
source IEEE Computer. IEEE computer society, October, 1983. vol. 16: pp. 114-118. includes bibliography
summary Prolog, the most feasible of the first-order logic systems, has intriguing analogies with Absys, short for Aberdeen System, an assertative programming system developed in 1968. In this article, the issue of incompleteness is explored by comparing aspects of the two systems, and the incompleteness resulting from any serious use of Prolog as a vehicle for a knowledge-based system is addressed
keywords PROLOG, algorithms, knowledge, systems, languages
series CADline
last changed 2003/06/02 13:58

_id 2475
authors Asimov, Isaac
year 1968
title The Perfect Machine
source Science Journal October, 1968. pp. 115-118 : ill.
summary The author takes a semi-serious look at the world of computers, robots and androids in an attempt to find a recipe for the perfect machine. Described in this article are the possible attributes of the perfect machine and some of the problems it might raise
keywords robotics, science fiction
series CADline
last changed 1999/02/12 15:07

_id 5cf4
id 5cf4
authors Barrionuevo, Luis F.
year 2004
title LOS "SPIROSPACES"
source Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference of Mathematics & Design, Special Edition of the Journal of Mathematics & Design, Volume 4, No.1, pp. 179-187.
summary This paper deals with “Spirospaces”. These are a conversion to the third dimension of the two dimensional geometric entities called “Spirolaterals”.

Abelson, Harold, diSessa and Andera (1968) gave the first rules concerning Spirolaterals. To obtain a Spirolateral from a set of straight lines, the first of them must be one unit long and the following must be incremented one unit at each step, at the same time that they turn in a constant direction. Odds (1973) establish the variation of the rotation direction, either to the left or the right. However, he did not give a mathematical relation able to calculate open Spirolaterals. Krawczyk (2001) developed a computer program that generates Spirolaterals following the method suggested by Abelson. These are Spirolaterals obtained by enumeration without a predictive mathematical formula. Krawczyc went farther proposing Spirolaterals based in curved lines. He pointed out that there are a variety of spirolateral forms that have architectural potentiality. Following this, the architectural potentiality of Spirolaterals is the basis of this paper.

To take advantage of that potentiality a computer program was implemented to generate spatial configurations based in Spirolaterals. When a third dimension is given to the Spirolaterals they become Spirospaces. These new entities need spatial and design parameters to be useful for architectural purposes. Barrionuevo and Borsetti (2001) gave results about that work establishing the concept of Spirospaces.

The aim of this paper is to describe a work directed to improve rules and procedures concerning Spirospaces. It is expected that these procedures governed by the proposed rules can be employed as tools during the early steps in the architectural design process.

In this work some aspects concerning Spirospaces are considered. First, Spirolaterals are presented as the predecessors of Spirospaces. Second, Spirospaces are defined, together with their structural parameters. Architectural modeling is studied at the light of two special elements of the Spirospaces: Interstitial spaces and Object spaces. Next, a computer program is presented as the appropriate tool to model configurations having architectural potentiality. Finally, the results obtained running the computer program are analyzed to determine their possible use as architectural forms. Several graphic illustrations are presented showing steps going from the exploration of spatial alternatives to the selection of a specific configuration to be developed.

It is expected that the described computer program could be employed as a design aid tool. As the operation of the program generates a variety of spaces able to dwell architectural objects, it eases the search of configurations suitable to specific functions. The results obtained have the possibility of being exported to computer graphic applications able to add materials, lights and cameras.

keywords Spirolaterals, Spirospaces, architectural spaces, interstitial spaces, objectual spaces
series other
type normal paper
email
last changed 2005/04/07 15:34

_id caadria2022_507
id caadria2022_507
authors Bolojan, Daniel, Vermisso, Emmanouil and Yousif, Shermeen
year 2022
title Is Language All We Need? A Query Into Architectural Semantics Using a Multimodal Generative Workflow
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.1.353
source Jeroen van Ameijde, Nicole Gardner, Kyung Hoon Hyun, Dan Luo, Urvi Sheth (eds.), POST-CARBON - Proceedings of the 27th CAADRIA Conference, Sydney, 9-15 April 2022, pp. 353-362
summary This project examines how interconnected artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted workflows can address the limitations of current language-based models and streamline machine-vision related tasks for architectural design. A precise relationship between text and visual feature representation is problematic and can lead to "ambiguity‚ in the interpretation of the morphological/tectonic complexity of a building. Textual representation of a design concept only addresses spatial complexity in a reductionist way, since the outcome of the design process is co-dependent on multiple interrelated systems, according to systems theory (Alexander 1968). We propose herewith a process of feature disentanglement (using low level features, i.e., composition) within an interconnected generative adversarial networks (GANs) workflow. The insertion of natural language models within the proposed workflow can help mitigate the semantic distance between different domains and guide the encoding of semantic information throughout a domain transfer process.
keywords Neural Language Models, GAN, Domain Transfer, Design Agency, Semantic Encoding, SDG 9
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/07/22 07:34

_id 82cd
authors Comba, Paul G.
year 1968
title A Procedure for Detecting Intersections of Three-Dimensional Objects
source Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery. July, 1968. vol. 15: pp. 354-366 ; ill. includes bibliography
summary As a step toward the solution of the placement problem in engineering design, a procedure has been developed for detecting intersections of convex regions in 3-space by means of a pseudocharacteristic function. The mathematical techniques underlying the procedure are discussed, and a system of programs embodying these techniques is described. As a special case a solution is given for the hidden-line problem in graphic display
keywords intersection, interference, engineering, design, modeling, computer graphics, hidden lines, computational geometry, algorithms
series CADline
last changed 2003/06/02 13:58

_id caadria2012_089
id caadria2012_089
authors Fernando, R.; R. Drogemuller and A. Burden
year 2012
title Parametric and generative methods with building information modelling: Connecting BIM with explorative design modelling
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2012.537
source Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / Chennai 25-28 April 2012, pp. 537–546
summary Parametric and generative modelling methods are ways in which computer models are made more flexible, and of formalising domain-specific knowledge. At present, no open standard exists for the interchange of parametric and generative information. The Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) which are an open standard for interoperability in building information models is presented as the base for an open standard in parametric modelling. The advantage of allowing parametric and generative representations are that the early design process can allow for more iteration and changes can be implemented quicker than with traditional models. This paper begins with a formal definition of what constitutes to be parametric and generative modelling methods and then proceeds to describe an open standard in which the interchange of components could be implemented. As an illustrative example of generative design, Frazer’s ‘Reptiles’ project from 1968 is reinterpreted.
keywords Building information model; parametric modelling; generative modelling
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:51

_id ga0202
id ga0202
authors Frazer, Jh., Frazer, J., Liu X., Tang M. and Janssen, P.
year 2002
title Generative and Evolutionary Techniques for Building Envelope Design
source International Conference on Generative Art
summary The authors have been involved in the use of generative techniques for building envelope design since 1968 and the use of genetic algorithms since 1990. Recent work has focused on incorporating optimisation functions into form generating processes in order for new forms responding to varied design environments to be created and determined. This paper will summarise the authors’ previous work in this field and explain the theory behind this approach, and illustrate recent developments. While the initial implementation of a new building envelope design system is reported in more details in a related paper at this conference, this paper outlines its main features and points out the direction at which it is to be fully developed and further improved.
series other
email
more http://www.generativeart.com/
last changed 2003/08/07 17:25

_id ascaad2023_032
id ascaad2023_032
authors Kalak, Dogan; Aydin, Serdar; Özer, Derya
year 2023
title Use of Generative Systems to Create Semi-Public Spaces in Contemporary Neighborhood Texture
source C+++: Computation, Culture, and Context – Proceedings of the 11th International Conference of the Arab Society for Computation in Architecture, Art and Design (ASCAAD), University of Petra, Amman, Jordan [Hybrid Conference] 7-9 November 2023, pp. 306-323.
summary Cul-de-sacs are examined together with the urban reading in Siverek. Studying cul-de-sacs is instrumental to understand the morphology of Islamic cities. Cul-de-sacs provide a buffer zone between main roads and houses. For this reason, both the privacy phenomenon, which is one of the important issues for Islam, and the safe space need of the residents are important spatial elements. Until 1968, the city of Siverek developed organically within a compact texture of narrow and curvilinear streets, open courtyards, and a adjacent high-walled residences. In this texture, many semi-private cul-de-sacs have an organic form, which is one of the critical spatial elements of the city. Residential walls or courtyard walls form the natural line of traditional streets. In this study, typological analyses of cul-de-sacs were made, and form grammar, a productive method used to analyze architectural language, is included. It aims to examine the relationship between residential settlement and street using the data set created with shape grammars and to make urban propositions for neighbourhood structures in the context of a cul-de-sac using L-systems in the next step. Some parameters have been determined in forming cul-de-sacs that form the urban texture. These parameters were transferred to the model using digital tools. A method thought to be used in urban production has been put forward. The most important reference of this method is dead-end streets.
series ASCAAD
email
last changed 2024/02/13 14:34

_id caadria2009_026
id caadria2009_026
authors Ostwald, Michael J.; Josephine Vaughan
year 2009
title Calculating Visual Complexity In Peter Eisenman’s Architecture
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2009.075
source Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / Yunlin (Taiwan) 22-25 April 2009, pp. 75-84
summary This paper describes the results of the first computational investigation of characteristic visual complexity in the architecture of Peter Eisenman. The research uses a variation of the “box-counting” approach to determining a quantitative value of the formal complexity present in five of Eisenman’s early domestic works (Houses I, II, III, IV and VI all of which were completed between 1968 and 1976). The boxcounting approach produces an approximate fractal dimension calculation for the visual complexity of an architectural elevation. This method has previously been used to analyse a range of historic and modern buildings including the works of Frank Lloyd Wright, Eileen Gray, Le Corbusier and Kazuyo Sejima. Peter Eisenman’s early house designs–important precursors to his later Deconstructivist works–are widely regarded as possessing a high degree of formal consistency and a reasonably high level of visual complexity. Through this analysis it is possible to quantify both the visual complexity and the degree of consistency present in this work for the first time.
keywords Computational analysis; fractal dimension; box-counting; Peter Eisenman
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 08:00

_id 2005_615
id 2005_615
authors Serrato-Combe, Antonio
year 2005
title Lindenmayer Systems – Experimenting with Software String Rewriting as an Assist to the Study and Generation of Architectural Form
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2005.615
source Digital Design: The Quest for New Paradigms [23nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-3-2] Lisbon (Portugal) 21-24 September 2005, pp. 615-621
summary In 1968 Aristid Lindenmayer proposed a series of mathematical constructs as a foundation for an axiomatic theory of form development. Since that time, Lindenmayer Systems or L-systems have evolved and found many practical applications in the computer visualization area. Generation of fractal imagery, realistic modeling and high quality visualization of organic forms and even music generation are now possible with the assistance of L-systems. But, is it possible to use L-systems in architectural design? Why would anyone use L-systems in architectural design? How would one use them? What could one expect from their use? In addition to providing answers to the above questions this paper presents: 1. Concepts behind L-systems 2. The need to transform L-Systems so they can have creative architectural application possibilities 3. Examples on the architectural use of L-Systems 4. Conclusions
keywords Form Generation, Lindenmayer, String rewriting, Visualization
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:56

_id sigradi2005_161
id sigradi2005_161
authors Serrato-Combe, Antonio
year 2005
title Lindenmayer Systems – Experimenting with Software String Rewriting as an Assist to the Study and Generation of Architectural Form
source SIGraDi 2005 - [Proceedings of the 9th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Lima - Peru 21-24 november 2005, vol. 1, pp. 161-166
summary In 1968 Aristid Lindenmayer proposed a series of mathematical constructs as a foundation for an axiomatic theory of form development. Since that time, Lindenmayer Systems or L-systems have evolved and found many practical applications in the computer visualization area. Generation of fractal imagery, realistic modeling and high quality visualization of organic forms and even music generation are now possible with the assistance of L-systems. But, is it possible to use L-systems in architectural design? Why would anyone use L-systems in architectural design? How would one use them? What could one expect from their use?
series SIGRADI
type normal paper
email
last changed 2016/03/10 10:00

_id 8245
authors Shaviv, Edna and Greenberg, Donald P.
year 1968
title Funicular Surface Structures: a Computer Graphics Approach
source Bulletin of the International Association for Shell Structures. Madrid, Spain: 1968. pp. 15-26 : ill. includes some bibliographical notes
summary This paper describes the problem of finding the shape of the middle surface of a shell when the loading and the stress resultants distributions are known. Differential equations are set up and solved using the finite difference technique. Several solutions are presented by means of an electronic computer and a plotter
keywords curved surfaces, structures, synthesis, architecture, computer graphics, algorithms
series CADline
email
last changed 2003/06/02 13:58

_id caadria2006_633
id caadria2006_633
authors WAN-YU LIU
year 2006
title THE EMERGING DIGITAL STYLE: Attention shift in architectural style recognition
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2006.x.g4f
source CAADRIA 2006 [Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Kumamoto (Japan) March 30th - April 2nd 2006, 633-635
summary “Style” has long been an important index to observe the design thinking of designers in architecture. Gombrich (1968) defined style as a particular selection from the alternatives when doing things; Ackerman (1963) considered that a distiguishable ensemble of certain characteristics we call a style; Schapiro (1961) pointed out that style is constant forms, and sometimes the constant elements, qualities and expression; Kirsch (1998), Cha and Gero (1999) thought of style as a form element and shape pattern. As Simon and others referred to, style emerged from the process of problem solving, Chan (1994, 2001) ever devised a serious of experiments to set up the operational definitions of style, further five factors that relate to generating styles. Owing to that the greater part of sketches and drawings in the design process couldn’t be replaced by computer-aided design systems (Eisentraut, 1997), designers must shift between different problem-solving methods while facing different design problems. The purpose in this research is to discuss the influences of computer usage on style generation and style recognition: The employment of certain procedural factors that occurred in the design processes that using conventional media is different from the ones that using computer media? Do personal styles emerge while designers shifting between different media in the design processes? Does any unusual phenomenon emerge while accustomed CAD-systems designers recognizing a style?
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:49

_id sigradi2013_117
id sigradi2013_117
authors Alves Veloso, Pedro L.; Anja Pratschke
year 2013
title Uma Arqueologia de Diagramas Cibernéticos [An Archaeology of Cybernetic Diagrams]
source SIGraDi 2013 [Proceedings of the 17th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-956-7051-86-1] Chile - Valparaíso 20 - 22 November 2013, pp. 353 - 356
summary This paper investigates the use of explicit structures of information in architectural design. Particularly, it approaches the use of diagrams related to cybernetics and information theory in experimental practices in the 1960’s and 1970’s. It analyses the diagram of cybernetic control proposed by the cybernetician Gordon Pask for the Fun Palace, the diagrams produced by the utopian architect Yona Friedman in the conceptual description of the Flatwriter program and Christopher Alexander’s diagrams and his theories of Synthesis of Form and Pattern Language. Finally it establishes a brief parallel between current domestication and use of dataflow programming with the cybernetic diagrams, highlighting differences in their complexity approach.
keywords Dataflow diagrams; Cybernetics; Complexity
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id sigradi2014_108
id sigradi2014_108
authors Alves, Gilfranco Medeiros; Anja Pratschke
year 2014
title De Uexküll à Pask: a Conversação aplicada à Processos Digitais de Projeto [From Uexküll to Pask: Conversation applied to Didital Design Process]
source SIGraDi 2014 [Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-9974-99-655-7] Uruguay - Montevideo 12 - 14 November 2014, pp. 82-85
summary The paper will present one specific aspect of the PhD research called Cibersemiótica e Processos de Projeto: Metodologia em Revisão, funded by FAPESP, which in turn is linked to the Nomads.usp research group of the University of São Paulo. The paper discusses the relevance of communication and information management in the digital design processes from the synchronic study of concepts such as feedback loop, control and self-regulation. These concepts are present in both biosemiotic and interactive design of functional cycle proposed in 1934 by biologist Jakob von Uexküll, as in cybernetic development proposed by Gordon Pask in his sophisticated Conversation Theory in the early 1970’s.
keywords Biosemiotics; Cybernetics; Cybersemiotics; Conversation Theory; functional cycle;
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id 2004_350
id 2004_350
authors Asanowicz, Alexander
year 2004
title Computer, Creativity and Unpredictability
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2004.350
source Architecture in the Network Society [22nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-2-4] Copenhagen (Denmark) 15-18 September 2004, pp. 350-357
summary Computers in designing are usually considered as a tool for preparing technical documentation, storage and managing information, coordinating of flow of design process, modelling and all kind of visualisations (renderings, animation, VR models). At the early design stages, when an idea of the form is created, computer is not used very often. The reason for this is that traditional computer drawing is too completed to be used at this stage. In new methods of supporting creativity, computer should be used for creation of less precise, unpredictable but more inspiring images. This method are based on the thesis that emotional elements have a great affect on the decision making process in designing. Intuition, unpredictability and no logic are the essence of creativity in the selection of associations. Confirmation of this statement we may find in many theories of creativity (theory of incubation elaborated by Wallas, genploration (Finke, Ward and Smith), redundant generation (Lem), synectics (Gordon)). All these theories emphasize the role of unpredictable associations and metaphors in creativity. Process of metaphorisation is characteristic for our era and plays important role in creative process. That’s why we need the new methods of graphic computer and non-computer transformation, which allows us a fuller exploration of design metaphors. The final conclusion is built on the thesis that too precise tools promote cause to decrease differences.
keywords Creativity; Design Theory; Metaphors
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id 4c30
authors Aura, Seppo
year 1993
title Episode as a Unit of Analysis of Movement
source Endoscopy as a Tool in Architecture [Proceedings of the 1st European Architectural Endoscopy Association Conference / ISBN 951-722-069-3] Tampere (Finland), 25-28 August 1993, pp. 53-66
summary Everybody who has read his Gordon Cullen or his Edmund H. Bacon knows that movement has long been recognized as a factor in environmental planning in many ways. For example, in the traditional Japanese promenade garden the importance of movement has always been appreciated. The promenader gains an intense experience of the succession, variation and rhythm of the surrounding scene. The spaces and paths lead him from one stage to another. The spatial structure of the Japanese promenade garden, as well as of traditional Japanese architecture in general, is joined most intensively to time and motion. The environment is in relation to the flow of change in many sense, both concretely and existentially. Taking an example of western urban environment. Here perhaps the most marked sequential spaces are to be found in small medieval, mediterranean towns. Thanks to their organic growth, narrow and winding streets and the emphasis on public squares, most of them provide exciting experiences if the observer is only interested in seeing the townscape from the point of view of movement. There are also examples of this kind of environment in Finland. In old wooden towns like Porvoo and Rauma one can still find varied and rhythmic streetscapes and networks of streets and squares, together with a human scale and an almost timeless atmosphere. One could say that such an opportunity to experience spaces sequentially, or as serial visions, is an important dimension for us, especially as pedestrians. And as Gordon Cullen has shown there is in any urban environment much scope to heighten this experience. For example, by creating a sense of ’entering in’ some place, ’leaving for’, ’moving towards’, ’turning into’, ’walking through’ some place or ’following on’ the flow of spaces. Or, as Edmund H. Bacon has said, the departure point of good town planning should be that the successive towns spaces give rise to a flow of harmonic experiences: present experiences merge with earlier ones and become a step towards a future. Or, again in the words of Donald Appleyard, Kevin Lynch and John R. Myer: “The experience of a city is basically of a moving view, and this is the view we must understand if we wish to reform the look of our cities”.
keywords Architectural Endoscopy
series EAEA
more http://info.tuwien.ac.at/eaea/
last changed 2005/09/09 10:43

_id sigradi2009_887
id sigradi2009_887
authors Barría Chateau, Hernán Alberto; Rodrigo García Alvarado; Cecilia Poblete Arrendondo
year 2009
title Anarquitectura Digital [Digital Anarchitecture]
source SIGraDi 2009 - Proceedings of the 13th Congress of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics, Sao Paulo, Brazil, November 16-18, 2009
summary This article reviews the work and the artistic and architectural context of the artist Gordon Matta-Clark. It checks the context as well as the urban and social conditions of his interventions, to place these works in contemporary culture. In particular this paper analyzes “Splitting”, Matta-Clark´s work that synthesizes his critical attitude to the Modern condition; using computational techniques of geometric modeling, visualization, graphics, digital manufacturing and structural analysis to explore and determine the formal rules and materials used by the artist to develop actions with significant spatial and social connotations.
keywords Anarchitecture; Modeling; Visualization; Digital Manufacturing; Structural Analysis
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id caadria2021_088
id caadria2021_088
authors Batalle Garcia, Anna, Cebeci, Irem Yagmur, Vargas Calvo, Roberto and Gordon, Matthew
year 2021
title Material (data) Intelligence - Towards a Circular Building Environment
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2021.1.361
source A. Globa, J. van Ameijde, A. Fingrut, N. Kim, T.T.S. Lo (eds.), PROJECTIONS - Proceedings of the 26th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Online, Hong Kong, 29 March - 1 April 2021, pp. 361-370
summary The integration of repurposed material in new construction products generates resiliency strategies that diminish the dependency on raw resources and reduce the CO2 emissions produced by their extraction, transportation, and manufacturing. This research emphasizes the need to expand preliminary data collation from pre-demolition sites to inform early design decisions. Material (data) Intelligence investigates how the merging of artificial intelligence and data analysis could have a crucial impact on achieving widespread material reuse. The first step consists of automating the process of detecting materials and construction elements from pre-demolition sites through drone photography and computer vision. The second part of the research links the resulting database with a computational design tool that can be integrated into construction software. This paper strengthens the potential of circular material flows in a digital paradigm and exposes the capability for constructing big data sets of reusable materials, digitally available, for sharing and organizing material harvesting.
keywords computer vision; material database; automation; reclaimed material; digitalization
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id sigradi2022_87
id sigradi2022_87
authors Berdos, Georgios (Yorgos); Dounas, Theodore
year 2022
title Deciphering CryptoArchitecture: The architectural design studio as a vehicle for exploring the integration between blockchain and architectural design
source Herrera, PC, Dreifuss-Serrano, C, Gómez, P, Arris-Calderon, LF, Critical Appropriations - Proceedings of the XXVI Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2022), Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, 7-11 November 2022 , pp. 543–554
summary In this paper we are using the outputs of research led architectural design studios, originally articulated as pedagogical projects at the Edinburgh School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture, University of Edinburgh and the Robert Gordon University in Aberdeen to explore and evaluate the possible transformative effects of blockchain/Decentralised Ledger technologies and decentralisation in the architecture discipline. After describing the pedagogical studio experiments, we frame a classification of relevant thematic clusters, where distributed ledger technologies can be applied to architectural design and thinking. The design studio, is treated as a methodological research tool, appropriate for the identification of existing knowledge gaps around the topic. The emerging classifications in terms of blockchain and decentralisation implementation is used to synthesise a map of future pedagogical and research activity.
keywords Blockchain, Cryptoeconomics, Tokenization, Pedagogy, Codesign
series SIGraDi
email
last changed 2023/05/16 16:56

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