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CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	a5dc
authors	Adams, J.A.
year	1974
title	Cubic Spline Curve Fitting with Controlled End Conditions
source	Computer Aided Design. January, 1974. vol. 6: pp. 2-9 : ill. includes a short bibliography
summary	Another method for cubic spline curve fitting. It is a more flexible version of a proven technique by using a set of end conditions suggested by Nutbourne. The advantages and disadvantages of several techniques are clarified and sample graphical output is given. The result should be of interest to users of inexpensive computer graphics equipment who are interested in improving passive graphical output
keywords	computer graphics, curved surfaces, curves, splines
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	186e
authors	Blinn, J.F. and Newell, M.E.
year	1976
title	Texture and Reflection in Computer Generated Images
source	Communications of the ACM 19 10 542-547
summary	In 1974 Catmull developed a new algorithm for rendering images of bivariate surface patches. This paper describes extensions of this algorithm in the areas of texture simulation and lighting models. The parametrization of a patch defines a coordinate system which is used as a key for mapping patterns onto the surface. The intensity of the pattern at each picture element is computed as a weighted average of regions of the pattern definition function. The shape and size of this weighting function are chosen using digital signal processing theory. The patch rendering algorithm allows accurate computation of the surface normal to the patch at each picture element, permitting the simulation of mirror reflections. The amount of light coming from a given direction is modeled in a similar manner to the texture mapping and then added to the intensity obtained from the texture mapping. Several examples of images synthesized using these new techniques are included.
series	journal paper
last changed	2003/11/21 15:16

_id	a9c2
authors	Gordon, William J. and Riesenfeld, Richard F.
year	1974
title	Bernstein- Bezier Methods for the Computer-Aided Design of Free-Form Curves and Surfaces
source	Journal of the ACM. April, 1974. vol. 21: pp. 293-310 : ill. includes bibliography
summary	The mth degree Bernstein polynomial approximation to a function f defined over [0,1] is Em-o f(u/m) Ou(s), where the weights Ou(s) are binomial density functions. The Bernstein approximations inherit many of the global characteristics of f, like monotonicity and convexity, and they always are at least as 'smooth' as f, where 'smooth' refers to the number of undulations, the total variation, and the differentiability class of f. Historically, their relatively slow convergence in the Loo-norm has tended to discourage their use in practical applications. However, in a large class of problems the smoothness of an approximating function is of greater importance than closeness of fit. This is especially true in connection with problems of computer-aided geometric design of curves and surfaces where aesthetic criteria and the intrinsic properties of shape are major considerations. For this latter class of problems, P. Bezier of Renault has successfully exploited the properties of parametric Bernstein polynomials. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the Bezier techniques and to explore various extensions and generalizations. In a sequel, the authors consider the extension of the results contained herein to free-form curve and surface design using polynomial splines. These B-spline methods have several advantages over the techniques described in the present paper
keywords	CAD, computer graphics, Bezier, curves, curved surfaces, representation, design, Bernstein, representation, B- splines, user interface, approximation, interpolation
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	ddss2006-hb-467
id	DDSS2006-HB-467
authors	A. Fatah gen. Schieck, A. Penn, V. Kostakos, E. O'Neill, T. Kindberg, D. Stanton Fraser, and T. Jones
year	2006
title	Design Tools for Pervasive Computing in Urban Environments
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Innovations in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Springer, ISBN-10: 1-4020-5059-3, ISBN-13: 978-1-4020-5059-6, p. 467-486
summary	In this paper we report on ongoing research in which the implications of urban scale pervasive computing (always and everywhere present) are investigated for urban life and urban design in the heritage environment of the city of Bath. We explore a theoretical framework for understanding and designing pervasive systems as an integral part of the urban landscape. We develop a framework based on Hillier's Space Syntax theories and Kostakos' PSP framework which encompasses the analysis of space and spatial patterns, alongside the consideration of personal, social and public interaction spaces to capture the complex relationship between pervasive systems, urban space in general and the impact of the deployment of pervasive systems on people's relationships to heritage and to each other. We describe these methodological issues in detail before giving examples from early studies of the types of result we are beginning to find.
keywords	Urban space, Pervasive systems, Urban computing, Space Syntax, Interaction space
series	DDSS
last changed	2006/08/29 12:55

_id	eb8a
authors	Achten, H., De Vries, B. and Jessurun, J.
year	2000
title	DDDOOLZ. A Virtual Reality Sketch Tool for Early Design
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2000.451
source	CAADRIA 2000 [Proceedings of the Fifth Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 981-04-2491-4] Singapore 18-19 May 2000, pp. 451-460
summary	This paper presents DDDoolz, a desktop-VR three-dimensional voxel sketchtool. DDDoolz is developed in the Design Systems Group to explore the use of Virtual Reality technology in the early design stage. The aim is to offer a sketch-like environment in VR with an unobtrusive interface. The paper presents DDDoolz, how it is used in education and with partners in architectural practice, and some future developments.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	fa3e
id	fa3e
authors	Achten, H., de Vries, B. and van Leeuwen, J.
year	2001
title	THE VR-DIS RESEARCH PROGRAMME
source	Achten, H.H., de Vries, B. and Hennessey, J. (eds). Design Research in the Netherlands 2000, 155-163
series	book
type	normal paper
email
more	http://www.designresearch.nl/PDF/DRN2000_AchtenDeVriesVanLeeuwen.pdf
last changed	2005/10/12 15:41

_id	e75d
authors	Achten, H., Dijkstra, J., Oxman, R. and Bax, Th.
year	1995
title	Knowledge-Based Systems Programming for Knowledge Intensive Teaching
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1995.139
source	Multimedia and Architectural Disciplines [Proceedings of the 13th European Conference on Education in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe / ISBN 0-9523687-1-4] Palermo (Italy) 16-18 November 1995, pp. 139-148
summary	Typological design implies extensive knowledge of building types in order to design a building belonging to a building type. It facilitates the design process, which can be considered us a sequence of decisions. The paper gives an outline of a new approach in a course teaching typological knowledge through the medium of Knowledge-Based Systems programming. It demonstrates how Knowledge-Based Systems offer an appropriate structure for analysing the knowledge required to implement typological design. The class consists of third-year undergraduate students with no extensive previous programming experience. The implementation language is AutoLISP which operates in the AutoCAD environment. The building type used in the course is the office building. in order to become acquainted with both building type and programming in AutoLISP, information and instructions have been gathered and prestructured, including a worked out analysis and AutoLISP code. Office plans are generated through use of the Knowledge-Based System. They are encoded in the form of frames. At the end of the course the students will have learned the basics of Knowledge-Based Systems, have been introduced to programming these systems, have analysed and reflected upon the design process, and gained insight into a specific building type.
series	eCAADe
email
more	http://dpce.ing.unipa.it/Webshare/Wwwroot/ecaade95/Pag_18.htm
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	e336
authors	Achten, H., Roelen, W., Boekholt, J.-Th., Turksma, A. and Jessurun, J.
year	1999
title	Virtual Reality in the Design Studio: The Eindhoven Perspective
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1999.169
source	Architectural Computing from Turing to 2000 [eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-5-7] Liverpool (UK) 15-17 September 1999, pp. 169-177
summary	Since 1991 Virtual Reality has been used in student projects in the Building Information Technology group. It started as an experimental tool to assess the impact of VR technology in design, using the environment of the associated Calibre Institute. The technology was further developed in Calibre to become an important presentation tool for assessing design variants and final design solutions. However, it was only sporadically used in student projects. A major shift occurred in 1997 with a number of student projects in which various computer technologies including VR were used in the whole of the design process. In 1998, the new Design Systems group started a design studio with the explicit aim to integrate VR in the whole design process. The teaching effort was combined with the research program that investigates VR as a design support environment. This has lead to increasing number of innovative student projects. The paper describes the context and history of VR in Eindhoven and presents the current set-UP of the studio. It discusses the impact of the technology on the design process and outlines pedagogical issues in the studio work.
keywords	Virtual Reality, Design Studio, Student Projects
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	1dfa
id	1dfa
authors	Achten, H.H., de Vries, B. and Hennessey, J. (eds.)
year	2001
title	DESIGN RESEARCH IN THE NETHERLANDS 2000 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM, EINDHOVEN MAY 25-26 2000
source	Eindhoven: Eindhoven University of Technology
series	book
type	symposium
email
more	http://www.designresearch.nl/PDF/DRN2000_AchtenDeVriesHennessey_Proceedings.pdf
last changed	2005/10/12 15:28

_id	f3a9
id	f3a9
authors	Achten, H.H., de Vries, B. and Hennessey, J.
year	2001
title	DESIGN RESEARCH IN THE NETHERLANDS 2000
source	Achten, H.H., de Vries, B. and Hennessey, J. (eds). Design Research in the Netherlands 2000, i-vi
series	book
type	normal paper
email
more	http://www.designresearch.nl/PDF/DRN2000_AchtenDeVriesHennessey_Introduction.pdf
last changed	2005/10/12 15:42

_id	e322
id	e322
authors	Achten, H.H., Dorst, K., Stappers, P.J. and de Vries, B.
year	2005
title	A DECADE OF DESIGN RESEARCH IN THE NETHERLANDS
source	Achten, H.H., Dorst, K. Stappers, P.J. and de Vries, B. (eds.) Design Research in the Netherlands 2005, i-vii
series	book
type	normal paper
email
more	http://www.designresearch.nl/PDF/DRN2005_AchtenDorstStapperDeVries_Introduction.pdf
last changed	2005/10/12 15:52

_id	ecaade2009_123
id	ecaade2009_123
authors	Achten, Henri; Beetz, Jakob
year	2009
title	What Happened to Collaborative Design?
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2009.357
source	Computation: The New Realm of Architectural Design [27th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-8-9] Istanbul (Turkey) 16-19 September 2009, pp. 357-366
summary	In this paper we present the results of a comprehensive literature survey on the development of collaborative design. We reviewed 324 papers on collaborative design, taken from various sources (conferences, journals, and PhD-theses). We grouped the papers based on common themes, and in that way derived a classification of themes through the last 25 years (1983-2008). Each category is described, its development, and key publications are identified.
wos	WOS:000334282200043
keywords	Collaborative design
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	db60
authors	Af Klercker, J., Achten, H. and Verbeke, J.
year	2001
title	AVOCAAD - A First Step Towards Distance Learning?
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2001.269
source	Architectural Information Management [19th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-8-1] Helsinki (Finland) 29-31 August 2001, pp. 269-274
summary	In the industrial world knowledge is developed very fast. As most countries are depending on employees with a high level of knowledge and skills the term ”Life Long Learning” has been formulated and the concept is more and more accepted. Institutions of higher education are more and more involved in creating supplementary education more independent of time and place. Distance learning was originally carried out by ordinary mail, which was slow but might then have been the only solution for people in remote places. With the Internet and e-mail the distance-learning concept has got a far better tool, for instance better interaction facilities. Architects and engineers in practise are deeply involved in solving the problems of the present projects. Education which is independent of time and place must be of great interest to both parties. The AVOCAAD project has created an education model for students to meet the possibilities of CAAD. The education model can be used in a curriculum at a school as well as for distance learning. Among the possible experiences from it, the one concerning distance learning might be the most important future application of the system in architectural education. This paper sketches the pedagogical background and gives examples from other areas of knowledge, where distance learning is already in use. We will put the question how the AVOCAAD concept meets the experiences from distance learning.
keywords	Distance Learning, Pedagogic, CAAD, E-Learning, AVOCAAD
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	63cb
authors	Ai, J., Tang, H. and Chen, Y.
year	2000
title	An Approach to Generate 3D Animation by Integrating Building Model into Site Pictures
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2000.433
source	CAADRIA 2000 [Proceedings of the Fifth Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 981-04-2491-4] Singapore 18-19 May 2000, pp. 433-439
summary	The paper deals with a simple and cheap solution to represent 3Danimation of a future building at its actual site scenery. It is hopeful to be used in small or middle projects in order to get satisfy effect and save design cost.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	ddss2004_ra-19
id	ddss2004_ra-19
authors	Akamine, A. and A. Nélson Rodrigues da Silva
year	2004
title	An Evaluation of Neural Spatial Interaction Models Based on a Practical Application
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) Recent Advances in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN: 1-4020-2408-8, p. 19-32
summary	One of the serious problems faced by the Brazilian municipalities is the scarcity of resources for building education infrastructure. This asks for an optimal allocation of the available resources that includes, among other things, a rational spatial arrangement of the supply points (i.e., schools) in order to increase the demand coverage (i.e., students). If it is possible to foresee the regions where the demand is going to be concentrated, it is then possible to plan the location of new facilities and to assess the impact on the future level of service of the entire system. Considering that one of the consequences of the location-allocation process is the distribution of trips from demand points to supply points throughout the city, therefore affecting the overall intraurban accessibility conditions to essential services such as education, there is a strong need of models that planners can rely on to predict the future trip distribution patterns. As a result, the objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) when applied to spatial interaction models, the so-called Neural Spatial Interaction Models. This was done in a practical context, in contrast to the more theoretical works commonly found in literature. The practical application showed that the neural spatial interaction model had different performances when compared to the traditional gravity models. In one case the neural models outperformed the gravity models, while on the other case it was just the opposite. The explanation for this may be in the data or in the ANN model formulation, as discussed in the conclusions.
keywords	Artificial Neural Networks, Spatial Interaction Models, Education Infrastructure
series	DDSS
last changed	2004/07/03 22:13

_id	6d7d
id	6d7d
authors	Aken, J. van
year	2001
title	DOMAIN INDEPENDENT DESIGN THEORY
source	Achten, H.H., de Vries, B. and Hennessey, J. (eds). Design Research in the Netherlands 2000, 9-17
series	book
type	normal paper
email
more	http://www.designresearch.nl/PDF/DRN2000_vanAken.pdf
last changed	2005/10/12 15:32

_id	ddssar0214
id	ddssar0214
authors	Al Hassan, F., Trum, H.M.G.J. and Rutten, P.G.S.
year	2002
title	Strategic Briefing A Conceptual Process Model for Building Design
source	Timmermans, Harry (Ed.), Sixth Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning - Part one: Architecture Proceedings Avegoor, the Netherlands), 2002
summary	Nowadays building design problems are divided in partial discipline related sub-problems. Through targeted and focused attention to sub problems however the awareness of the whole is lost. Each designparticipant gives his sub-problem first priority. In contrast in the past the master builder saw the whole problem as his problem first. Thus the process of seeing the design problem as a whole, as a result ofprioritizing, considering constraints, or strategizing, is lost in today’s practice, basically because this process is a mental and implicit process, that occurred in the brain of the multi-disciplinary master builder.In most cases it is the task of no one in a design team today. The aim of this paper is modeling this conceptual mental implicit process design using System Theory and Cognitive Psychology, trying to determine the structure of the design problem as it occurs intuitively in the brain. The result will provide us with a mechanism that enables us each time to refine a unique common design problem representation. This leads to more effective use of design team capabilities, and forms an essential basis for organizing efforts toward collaborative solutions. Also some kind of clarity is provided as to how proposed solutions are to be judged.
series	DDSS
last changed	2003/11/21 15:15

_id	ddss2006-pb-101
id	DDSS2006-PB-101
authors	Aloys W.J. Borgers, I.M.E. Smeets, A.D.A.M. Kemperman, and H.J.P. Timmermans
year	2006
title	Simulation of Micro Pedestrian Behaviour in Shopping Streets
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Progress in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Eindhoven: Eindhoven University of Technology, ISBN-10: 90-386-1756-9, ISBN-13: 978-90-386-1756-5, p. 101-116
summary	Over the years, scholars have developed various models of pedestrian movement. These models can be used to assess the effects of detailed design decisions or to predict pedestrian behaviour under conditions of crowding. To date, not much attention has been paid to pedestrians' shopping behaviour at the micro level. Therefore, the main purpose of this project is to test a model that aims at simulating micro pedestrian behaviour in shopping streets, including entering shops. The model assumes a detailed network of links to represent the structure of street segments and entrances to the shops. The basic principle underlying the model is that a pedestrian moves from one link in the network to another, adjacent link. In fact, a pedestrian enters a segment at one side, heading for the other side of the segment. However, a pedestrian might enter the segment by leaving a shop as well. Then, the pedestrian might be heading for either side of the segment. While transferring from the current link to the next link, the pedestrian will be attracted by the shops along both sides of the street. The study area is Antwerp's main shopping street. During a one-week workshop in July 2004, students observed pedestrian movement in this shopping street. An inventory of some physical characteristics of the shopping street was made and pedestrians were tracked through two separate segments of the shopping street. In total, 334 pedestrians were tracked. A conventional multinomial logit model is used to simulate pedestrians' micro behaviour. The process of consecutively selecting links continues until the pedestrian has reached one of the terminal links or a shop. The model performs very well. Simulated routes were used to assess the validity of the model. Observed and simulated link loading correspond fairly well, however, the model seems to slightly mispredict the attraction of a number of shops.
keywords	Micro pedestrian behaviour, Shopping street, Simulation
series	DDSS
last changed	2006/08/29 12:55

_id	456a
authors	Alvarado, R.G., Parra, J.C., Vergara, R.L. and Chateau, H.B.
year	2000
title	Architectural References to Virtual Environments Design
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2000.151
source	Promise and Reality: State of the Art versus State of Practice in Computing for the Design and Planning Process [18th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-6-5] Weimar (Germany) 22-24 June 2000, pp. 151-155
summary	Based on a comparison between the perception of digital and real construction, the development of virtual systems and the review of additional sources, this paper states some differences between the design of virtual environments and architectural spaces. Virtual-reality technologies provide advanced capabilities to simulate real situations, and also to create digital worlds not referred to physical places, such as imaginary landscapes or environments devoted to electronic activities, like entertainment, learning or commerce. Some on-line services already use 3D-stages, resembling building halls and domestic objects, and several authors have mentioned virtual modeling as a job opportunity to architects. But it will argue in this paper that the design of those environments should consider their own digital characteristics. Besides, the use of virtual installations on networks impells a convergence with global media, like Internet or TV. Virtual environments can be a 3Devolution of communicational technologies, which have an increasing participation in culture, reaching a closer relationship to contemporary architecture.
keywords	Virtual Environments, Spatial Perception, Design Methodology
series	eCAADe
email
more	http://www.uni-weimar.de/ecaade/
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	a1be
id	a1be
authors	Andel, J. van
year	1995
title	ENVIRONMENT-BEHAVIOR STUDIES AND DESIGN RESEARCH
source	Oxman, R.M., Bax, M.F.Th., Achten, H.H. (eds.) Design research in the Netherlands, 43-47
series	book
type	normal paper
email
more	http://www.designresearch.nl/PDF/DRN1995_Andel.pdf
last changed	2005/10/12 15:12

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