Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	caadria2019_437
id	caadria2019_437
authors	Liao, Pan, Gu, Ning, Brisbin, Chris, Rofe, Matthew and Soltani, Sahar
year	2019
title	Computationally Mapping Spatial Properties of Chinese Historic Towns using Space Syntax
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2019.1.361
source	M. Haeusler, M. A. Schnabel, T. Fukuda (eds.), Intelligent & Informed - Proceedings of the 24th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand, 15-18 April 2019, pp. 361-370
summary	Due to its geographic size and long cultural history of fluctuating borders, China has a large number of historic settlements; each with their own unique geometric, cultural, social, and spatial characteristics. Despite the various studies that have attempted to qualitatively describe the spatial properties of historic towns, there are limited attempts to understand the spatial qualities of these towns through a quantitative approach, such as space syntax. This paper proposes and demonstrates a computational approach based on space syntax to map spatial properties of these towns. Four spatial features are examined and evaluated to capture the spatial patterns of Chinese historic towns: (1) axiality, (2) curvature, (3) intelligibility, and (4) synergy. The approach has been applied to four typical towns in China: Pingyao, Lijiang, Kulangsu, and Wuzhen. This computational approach provides a new way to complement existing qualitative measures of understanding the urban form and use of historic towns, providing a powerful tool to support the development of policy affecting historic town design/planning, heritage conservation, and heritage tourism.
keywords	Chinese historic towns; spatial properties; space syntax
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	cf2019_040
id	cf2019_040
authors	Liao, Yu-Yi and Sheng-Fen Chien
year	2019
title	Investigating Audience Satisfaction Base on the Nonverbal Language Analysis of the Audience in Photos
source	Ji-Hyun Lee (Eds.) "Hello, Culture!" [18th International Conference, CAAD Futures 2019, Proceedings / ISBN 978-89-89453-05-5] Daejeon, Korea, pp. 317-330
summary	When we want to know satisfaction of audiences in a speech, the questionnaire survey is the most affordable method to collect quantitative data. However, the reliability and validity of the questionnaire is closely related to the design of the questions and the attitude of the respondents. Photos can capture nonverbal behaviors of the audience while listening to a speech. At that time, the audience did not hide their emotions. In this paper, we organize the photos of the three speeches hosted by the NCKU Art Center in 2016 as the data set. We found that the results of the behavioral analysis in photos are similar to the statistical results of the questionnaire. Finally, we made some suggestions for using the photos to analyze the nonverbal behavior of audiences and for establishing a database of nonverbal behaviors.
keywords	Speech, nonverbal language analysis, audience satisfaction
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2019/07/29 14:15

_id	caadria2009_019
id	caadria2009_019
authors	Liao, Yuan-Yu
year	2009
title	Some Phenomena of Analogical Thinking in Design
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2009.781
source	Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / Yunlin (Taiwan) 22-25 April 2009, pp. 781-790
summary	Analogy has been ascribed a key role in architectural design. Until now, there has been no complete theory describing how the analogical thinking process works in the design domain. Analogical thinking usually relates to freehand sketches and rarely connects to computer media. This research attempts to investigate analogical thinking from the perspective of the conventional media and computer media. Four analogical thinking in design phenomena have been established.
keywords	Analogical thinking; sketching; computer media; cognitive experiment
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	6a70
authors	Liapi, Katherine
year	2001
title	Transformable Structures: Design Features and Preliminary Investigation
source	Journal of Architectural Engineering -- March 2001 -- Volume 7, Issue 1, pp. 13-17
summary	Innovative building conceptions, that allow for the change of the building's shape and form, can offer advantages for certain types of applications compared to conventional structures. The conception, design,and realization of transformable building structures require the use of innovative building technologies, and the development of new analytical methods and procedures. Geometric complexity is usually acharacteristic of the architectural expression of transformable structures, and their initial geometric configuration and representation is one of the earliest and most challenging phases in their design. A preliminaryinvestigation with computer simulation and animation studies can help identify problems in their initial geometric conception.
series	journal paper
last changed	2003/05/15 21:45

_id	625d
authors	Liapi, Katherine A.
year	2001
title	Geometric Configuration and Graphical Representation of Spherical Tensegrity Networks
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2001.258
source	Reinventing the Discourse - How Digital Tools Help Bridge and Transform Research, Education and Practice in Architecture [Proceedings of the Twenty First Annual Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Design in Architecture / ISBN 1-880250-10-1] Buffalo (New York) 11-14 October 2001, pp. 258-267
summary	The term “Tensegrity,” that describes mainly a structural concept, is used in building design to address a class of structures with very promising applications in architecture. Tensegrity structures are characterized by almost no separation between structural configuration and formal or architectural expression (Liapi 2000). In the last two decades structural and mechanical aspects in the design of these structures have been successfully addressed, while their intriguing morphology has inspired several artists and architects. Yet, very few real world applications of the tensegrity concept in architecture have been encountered. The geometric and topological complexity of tensegrity structures that is inherent to their structural and mechanical basis may account for significant difficulties in the study of their form and their limited application in building design. In this paper an efficient method for the generation of the geometry of spherical tensegrity networks is presented. The method is based on the integration of CAD tools with Descriptive Geometry procedures and allows designers to resolve and visualize the complex geometry of such structures.
keywords	Tensegrity Networks, Visualization, Geometric Configuration
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	6cde
authors	Liapi, Katherine A.
year	2002
title	Transformable Architecture Inspired by the Origami Art: Computer Visualization as a Tool for Form Exploration
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2002.381
source	Thresholds - Design, Research, Education and Practice, in the Space Between the Physical and the Virtual [Proceedings of the 2002 Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design In Architecture / ISBN 1-880250-11-X] Pomona (California) 24-27 October 2002, pp. 381-388
summary	Membrane packaging has been the main feature of the earliest prototypes of transformablearchitecture. Similar concepts of spatial transformation are encountered in the origami art where aplanar paper surface, after folding, transforms to a 3-dimentional object. The geometric configuration ofcreases on a sheet of paper before folding, as well as the topological properties of 3D origami papermodels, have been recently addressed, and can be used as a guide for the design of new forms.Because membranes in general can be considered surfaces of minimal thickness, principles of theorigami art and math can find applications in the conception and design of transformable membranestructures for architecture. This paper discusses how computer visualization can be used to explorethe potential application of ideas borrowed from the origami art in the conceptual design oftransformable structures. A two-case study that shows how origami math is integrated in the computervisualization of a potential architectural application is included. The same study also shows thatanimated simulations of the transformation process during folding can identify problems in the initialgeometric conception of an origami type structure, and can be used for further morphologicalexplorations.
series	ACADIA
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	0995
authors	Liapi, Katherine A.
year	2000
title	Computer Simulation and Visualization of Geometrically Changing Structures
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2000.267
source	Eternity, Infinity and Virtuality in Architecture [Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Design in Architecture / 1-880250-09-8] Washington D.C. 19-22 October 2000, pp. 267-271
summary	The design of building structures that change shape and form to adapt to different functions or weather conditions requires the application of innovative building technologies, as well as the invention of a new architectural morphology. This morphology is directly related to the kinematic conception of the structure. A computer simulation of the motion of the structure and the display of the structure as an animation of moving parts can identify problems in its initial geometric and kinematic conception. It can also assess the effect of the changing geometry of the structure on space definition, building morphology, and functionality.
series	ACADIA
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	ecaade2021_138
id	ecaade2021_138
authors	Liapi, Katherine and Liosi, Dimitra
year	2021
title	An Immersive Modular Museum-Archive Concept Model - An integration of shape grammars with virtual reality
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2021.2.323
source	Stojakovic, V and Tepavcevic, B (eds.), Towards a new, configurable architecture - Proceedings of the 39th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia, 8-10 September 2021, pp. 323-332
summary	The paper presents a concept model of a modular exhibition that is designed to function as a museum in the physical environment and as an archive of architectural projects in the virtual. A design method based on shape grammars and inspired by the Bauhaus teaching, has been used to generate both the museum spaces and the archive which expands endlessly as the acquisition of architectural exhibits keeps increasing. Specifically, rules that control the geometric organization, tectonic expression and linear or radial expansion of a modular assembly of interlocking physical or virtual spaces, leading to various self-similar spatial patterns, have been developed. Several scenarios of the visitors' interaction with the exhibits and the museum's space with the use of VR and AR have been explored. In the actual museum scenario, physically present visitors can interact with the exhibits which are enriched with digital information. In the case of the archive, the Unity platform is used for the development of a virtual experience of the visitor who interacts with the expanding space and exhibits in a purely immersive manner.
keywords	virtual reality, augmented reality, shape grammars, golden ration, modular museum, archive, Bauhaus teaching
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	ecaade2017_248
id	ecaade2017_248
authors	Liapi, Katherine, Papantoniou, Andreana and Nousias, Chrysostomos
year	2017
title	Square tessellation patterns on curved surfaces:In search of a parametric design method
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2017.2.371
source	Fioravanti, A, Cursi, S, Elahmar, S, Gargaro, S, Loffreda, G, Novembri, G, Trento, A (eds.), ShoCK! - Sharing Computational Knowledge! - Proceedings of the 35th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy, 20-22 September 2017, pp. 371-378
summary	Methods for Tessellating a flat surface with regular or semi-regular patterns of polygons have already been addressed in literature and can be easily parameterized. For the tessellation of curved surfaces using patterns of one or more regular polygons there is not a uniquely defined approach to the problem within the context of architectural research and applications. This paper is focused on the tessellation of curved surfaces with square tiles, where the tessellation pattern consists of four squares with partly overlapping sides. In this study double curvature surfaces were considered first, and subsequently surfaces of more complex geometry such as minimal surfaces. Specifically, a method for the square tessellation of two types of doubly curved surfaces, the spherical and the ellipsoidal, is discussed and presented in the paper. In addition, the square tessellation of two types of minimal surfaces, the catenoid and the helicoid, have also been examined and presented. For each one of the surfaces that have been considered, an algorithm that generates the distribution of the planar square surfaces on the surface and renders possible the parametric description of the problem, was developed and presented in the paper. A discussion on boundary conditions for each developed method is also included. The Grasshopper visual programming language has been used for the parametric description and display of the results in a graphic environment. The research discussed in this paper can find application in several real world problems including surface paneling, or space packing of polyhedral structural units on a curved surface.
keywords	square tessellation, curved surface tiling, ellipsoid tessellation, minimal surfaces tessellation, geometric appxoximation methods
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	2006_420
id	2006_420
authors	Liapi, Marianthi and Konstantinos Oungrinis
year	2006
title	Spatial Diagnosis as a Means to Design Mediated Spaces
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2006.420
source	Communicating Space(s) [24th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-5-9] Volos (Greece) 6-9 September 2006, pp. 420-427
summary	This paper addresses the concept of spatial diagnosis as a methodology for architects to analyze and evaluate the quality of existing spaces periodically and improve them with the use of digital media. Initially the methodology researches the physical characteristics of the examined space, which are investigated both historically and empirically, as well as people’s mental imagery of it, which is examined through cognitive mapping techniques. The research findings are used as a mapping device for the application of the digital media ‘treatment.’ Selected intelligent systems form a digital, immaterial layer upon the existing spatial elements increasing the quality of space and consequently improving people’s experience in it. The goal of this project, which focuses solely on public spaces for the extent of this research, is twofold. On a design level, it proposes a way to increase the quality of space as well as its potential to communicate with people through a synergic, adaptive approach. On a research level, it seeks to bring together three diverse but not distant disciplines, those of architecture, cognitive psychology and information technology.
keywords	Spatial diagnosis; mental imagery; digital media; mediated spaces; user-space communication
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	ecaade2012_104
id	ecaade2012_104
authors	Liapi, Marianthi; Oungrinis, Konstantinos-Alketas; Voyatzaki, Maria
year	2012
title	Sensponsive Playscapes: A Pedagogical Design Approach to Manifest and Promote the Physical Digital Continuum
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2012.2.343
source	Achten, Henri; Pavlicek, Jiri; Hulin, Jaroslav; Matejovska, Dana (eds.), Digital Physicality - Proceedings of the 30th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2 / ISBN 978-9-4912070-3-7, Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Architecture (Czech Republic) 12-14 September 2012, pp. 343-351
summary	This paper chronicles an intensive student workshop on sensponsive architecture, from the educators’ point of view, underlying the pedagogical notes on this new design approach that employs digital design tools and electronic assemblies to creatively experiment with human-computer interaction. The workshop presented the theoretical, computational and fabricating frameworks for a human-centered approach to spaces with sensponsive partitions that respond timely with sense, displaying an adaptive behavior through time. The workshop theme was further specialized to direct the design outcome toward sensponsive environments for children that can help them perceive, experience and develop a meaningful understanding of the world around them through play.
wos	WOS:000330320600035
keywords	Sensponsive architecture; student workshop; arduino assemblies; children’s spaces
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	sigradi2018_1333
id	sigradi2018_1333
authors	Lica Chokyu, Margaret
year	2018
title	Shape Grammar and Social Housing: recognizing patterns in favelas’ buildings
source	SIGraDi 2018 [Proceedings of the 22nd Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISSN: 2318-6968] Brazil, São Carlos 7 - 9 November 2018, pp. 170-175
summary	Social Housing is worldwide problem, especially in underdeveloped countries. In Brazil, people do solve this issue with self-made houses, in irregular land occupations. As a result, those informal settlements, also known as favelas, proliferate in medium and big cities all over the country, in very poor infrastructure. On the other hand, governmental policies for social housing development are often criticized, because of several reasons, including architectural design, frequently unfit for the families assisted. The present work observes the architecture developed in self-made houses at Favela da Rocinha and presents Shape Grammar as an instrument for analysis of frequent solutions, in order to provide data for adequate architectural design.
keywords	Shape grammar; Favelas; Informal architecture, Teaching observation
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2021/03/28 19:58

_id	ecaade2024_180
id	ecaade2024_180
authors	Licen, Jurij; Chen, Taole
year	2024
title	Use of Genetic Optimisation Algorithms in the Design of 3D Concrete Printed Shell Structures
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2024.1.213
source	Kontovourkis, O, Phocas, MC and Wurzer, G (eds.), Data-Driven Intelligence - Proceedings of the 42nd Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2024), Nicosia, 11-13 September 2024, Volume 1, pp. 213–222
summary	A transition from disparate data to interconnected and contextually integrated data is currently causing a paradigm shift in the architecture industry. The need for fabrication-aware architectural representation models, that enable designers to interface with today's data-intensive manufacturing technologies, is a direct consequence of new concepts such as smart fabrication, automation and vertical integration. Compared to conventional concrete casting methods, 3D Concrete Printing (3DCP) offers a wide range of advantages, particularly the ability to create complex geometry. A lack of computational modelling techniques that link design and production for 3DCP is currently making it difficult to predict the printability of designs. This research presents a unified design-to-fabrication framework using machine learning (ML) that is customized for freeform steel-reinforced 3DCP shell structures. 3DCP is used to create incrementally cast sacrificial formwork. In particular, the segmentation process is fed back into the design process using genetic optimization for a fabrication-aware design model. The framework is validated with a series of physical experiments.
keywords	Additive Manufacturing, 3D Concrete Printing, Architectural Design, Integrated Workflow, Fabrication-Aware Modelling, Conceptual Design, Concrete Shells
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	sigradi2015_6.341
id	sigradi2015_6.341
authors	Licht, Marcele Cassol; Gonçalves, Berenice Santos
year	2015
title	Interactivity and motivation in digital book
source	SIGRADI 2015 [Proceedings of the 19th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - vol. 1 - ISBN: 978-85-8039-135-0] Florianópolis, SC, Brasil 23-27 November 2015, pp. 248-255.
summary	The development of digital devices such as tablets allowed different ways to present content by the use of multimedia and interactive resources. In this sense, the existing interactivity in digital book has features that make it different from the printed book. So the reader will have specific interests on using a digital book. Therefore, this article performs a descriptive analysis on WWF Together interactive digital book, which starts from two axes: considers the interface interactivity and the reader’s motivation. After this analysis it was possible to understand the relationship between interactivity and digital book content representation, aiming to encourage the reader’s motivation.
keywords	Design, Digital Book, Interactivity, Motivation
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:54

_id	ddss2006-hb-187
id	DDSS2006-HB-187
authors	Lidia Diappi and Paola Bolchi
year	2006
title	Gentrification Waves in the Inner-City of Milan - A multi agent / cellular automata model based on Smith's Rent Gap theory
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Innovations in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Springer, ISBN-10: 1-4020-5059-3, ISBN-13: 978-1-4020-5059-6, p. 187-201
summary	The aim of this paper is to investigate the gentrification process by applying an urban spatial model of gentrification, based on Smith's (1979; 1987; 1996) Rent Gap theory. The rich sociological literature on the topic mainly assumes gentrification to be a cultural phenomenon, namely the result of a demand pressure of the suburban middle and upper class, willing to return to the city (Ley, 1980; Lipton, 1977, May, 1996). Little attempt has been made to investigate and build a sound economic explanation on the causes of the process. The Rent Gap theory (RGT) of Neil Smith still represents an important contribution in this direction. At the heart of Smith's argument there is the assumption that gentrification takes place because capitals return to the inner city, creating opportunities for residential relocation and profit. This paper illustrates a dynamic model of Smith's theory through a multi-agent/ cellular automata system approach (Batty, 2005) developed on a Netlogo platform. A set of behavioural rules for each agent involved (homeowner, landlord, tenant and developer, and the passive 'dwelling' agent with their rent and level of decay) are formalised. The simulations show the surge of neighbouring degradation or renovation and population turn over, starting with different initial states of decay and estate rent values. Consistent with a Self Organized Criticality approach, the model shows that non linear interactions at local level may produce different configurations of the system at macro level. This paper represents a further development of a previous version of the model (Diappi, Bolchi, 2005). The model proposed here includes some more realistic factors inspired by the features of housing market dynamics in the city of Milan. It includes the shape of the potential rent according to city form and functions, the subdivision in areal submarkets according to the current rents, and their maintenance levels. The model has a more realistic visualisation of the city and its form, and is able to show the different dynamics of the emergent neighbourhoods in the last ten years in Milan.
keywords	Multi agent systems, Housing market, Gentrification, Emergent systems
series	DDSS
last changed	2006/08/29 12:55

_id	ae09
authors	Lieberman, Henry
year	1985
title	There's More to Menu Systems Than Meets the Screen
source	SIGGRAPH '85 Conference Proceedings. July, 1985. vol. 19 ; no. 3: pp. 181-189 : ill. includes bibliography
summary	Love playing with those fancy menu-based graphical user interfaces, but afraid to program one yourself for your own application? Do windows seem opaque to you? Are you scared of Mice? Like what-you-see-is-what-you-get but don't know how to get-what-you-want-to-see on the screen? Everyone agrees using systems like graphical document illustrators, circuit designers, and iconic file systems is fun, but programming user interfaces for these systems isn't as much fun as it should be. Systems like the Lisp Machines, Xerox D- Machines, and Apple Macintosh provide powerful graphics primitives, but the casual applications designer is often stymied by the difficulty of mastering the details of window specification, multiple processes, interpreting mouse input, etc. This paper presents a kit called EZWin, which provides many services common to implementing a wide variety of interfaces, described as generalized editors for sets of graphical objects. An individual application is programmed simply by creating objects to represent the interface itself, each kind of graphical object, and each command. A unique interaction style is established which is insensitive to whether commands are chosen before or after their arguments. The system anticipates the types of arguments needed by commands preventing selection mistakes which are a common source of frustrating errors. Displayed objects are made 'mouse-sensitive' only if selection of the object is appropriate in the current context. The implementation of a graphical interface for a computer network simulation is described to illustrate how EZWin works
keywords	user interface, computer graphics
series	CADline
last changed	1999/02/12 15:09

_id	ca8f
authors	Lieberman, Oren
year	2000
title	The Application of Object-oriented Software Concepts in Architectural Pedagogy
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2000.027
source	Promise and Reality: State of the Art versus State of Practice in Computing for the Design and Planning Process [18th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-6-5] Weimar (Germany) 22-24 June 2000, pp. 27-33
summary	Architecture, a complex discipline that involves many people and things and the relationships amongst them, requires a pedagogical approach by which the student, even in her first year, must be able to think "complexly" across many subjects. The object-oriented analysis and design software programming paradigm, which models complex "realities", or "models the way people understand and process reality", holds promising concepts for architectural education. It is not my intention to extract slavishly all possible concepts from object-orientation (OO) and accept them as a "recipe" for educating the architect. Indeed, one of the reasons I find OO so elegant is that it provides a strategy, a non-prescriptive framework, with which both teachers and students can explore their own architectural investigations. It also provides the possibility of a common language, offering a structure in which, for example, certain standards can be measured within departments, or with which we can negotiate compatibility across different national credit systems to facilitate and encourage cross-cultural (border) exchange.
keywords	Object-Oriented, Aspect, Subject-Oriented, Concern Spaces, Reusability, Abstraction/Compression, Encapsulation, Maintenance
series	eCAADe
email
more	http://www.uni-weimar.de/ecaade/
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	02f7
authors	Liebich, Thomas and Kim, Inhan
year	1995
title	ID'EST: An Integrated Modelling Framework for Management of Architectural Data
source	Sixth International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Futures [ISBN 9971-62-423-0] Singapore, 24-26 September 1995, pp. 377-387
summary	An Integrated Design Environment, IDE, facilitates cooperation between different disciplines. The paper investigates the data modelling framework, distinguishes between homogeneous and heterogeneous model worlds, discusses the formal mapping mechanisms available to establish a heterogeneous model world, and introduces a way to incorporate CAD systems into IDE A prototype IDE has been developed to prove these methods. The ID'EST prototype comprises its own core data model, different schemas to cope with several design views, and interfaces to incorporate external CAD systems. A prototype architectural data model has been defined, that includes core data models and aspect models for enclosure system and spatial system. Conventional CAD systems can be integrated into ID'EST, if they are able to map data from the aspect models into their own data structure, and vice versa, on a high semantic level. The inherent methods of classifying data in CAD, layers, macros and attached attributes, have been used to retrieve product data from CAD data files. The usability of conventional CAD systems as data instantiation tools for IDE has been proved and a path has been shown, by which existing tools can be integrated into new technology solutions.
keywords	Product Modelling, Formal Mapping Specification, Computer-Aided Design
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2003/05/16 20:58

_id	cc1a
authors	Lien, Kristian, Go Suzuki and Westerberg, Arthur W.
year	1986
title	The Role of Expert Systems Technology In Design
source	[2] 49 p. : diagrams Engineering Design Research Center, CMU, September, 1986 EDRC-06-13-86. includes bibliography.
summary	Using a scenario format, this paper first reviews the nature of chemical process design, showing that designers quickly make major decisions with minimal information and constantly revise their strategy to solve a problem. To automate this activity on a computer will require models of the process being created at several levels of abstraction as well as models that capture the beliefs of the modeler about the abilities of himself, others and the aids available and models of strategies for complex problem solving. The second section of the paper extensively reviews current expert system concepts, illustrating each of them with design examples. It is argued that expert systems are knowledge based. The authors describe many of the control strategies used in today's systems, and also consider different problem representations - rules, logic and frames - and indicate when each might be preferred. The last section presents the authors views on what will be involved in creating a future expert system for design
keywords	engineering, abstraction, expert systems, CAD, design process, representation, knowledge base, frames, control
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 10:24

_id	b255
authors	Liew, Haldane
year	2002
title	Descriptive Conventions for Shape Grammars
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2002.365
source	Thresholds - Design, Research, Education and Practice, in the Space Between the Physical and the Virtual [Proceedings of the 2002 Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design In Architecture / ISBN 1-880250-11-X] Pomona (California) 24-27 October 2002, pp. 365-378
summary	This paper introduces a new set of descriptive conventions for shape grammars, and illustrates howthey can be used to address problems with user experience. The shape grammar formalism has beenshown to be capable of generating designs such as Palladian villas, Prairie houses and Queen Annehouses. The formalism can describe the process to develop a design through the use of rules, symbols,and lines.The user’s experience in applying the rules is often neglected in the design of the grammars. Thiscreates four problems: 1) the user is unaware of the implicit sequencing of rules, 2) the user cangenerate invalid design states, 3) the user is forced to apply technical rules that do not change theoverall design, and 4) the user is only given a restricted set of design choices.To address these problems, a new set of descriptive conventions has been developed that provides alayer of abstraction built on top of the formalism. These conventions are currently being implementedusing the Visual LISP programming environment in AutoCAD. The program applies rules, whichincorporate the use of the new conventions, to produce a design.The conventions are based on two techniques. The first technique is an explicit control mechanism thatdetermines the sequencing of rules based on the success or failure of a rule application. Becausesome design changes require more than one rule, this allows the grammar to chain a sequence of rulesto create macros since. The second technique is a mechanism that demarcates an area of the drawingfor query. With this technique, a rule is able to recognize void spaces in a drawing.A comparison of the rules to construct a bi-laterally symmetrical grid in three grammars--Palladian,Yingzao Fashi, and Grid--will be used to demonstrate the advantages of the new conventions.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

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