Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	caadria2022_336
id	caadria2022_336
authors	Araujo, Goncalo, Santos, Luis, Leitao, Antonioand Gomes, Ricardo
year	2022
title	AD-Based Surrogate Models for Simulation and Optimization of Large Urban Areas
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.2.689
source	Jeroen van Ameijde, Nicole Gardner, Kyung Hoon Hyun, Dan Luo, Urvi Sheth (eds.), POST-CARBON - Proceedings of the 27th CAADRIA Conference, Sydney, 9-15 April 2022, pp. 689-698
summary	Urban Building Energy Model (UBEM) approaches help analyze the energy performance of urban areas and predict the impact of different retrofit strategies. However, UBEM approaches require a high level of expertise and entail time-consuming simulations. These limitations hinder their successful application in designing and planning urban areas and supporting the city policy-making sector. Hence, it is necessary to investigate alternatives that are easy-to-use, automated, and fast. Surrogate models have been recently used to address UBEM limitations; however, they are case-specific and only work properly within specific parameter boundaries. We propose a new surrogate modeling approach to predict the energy performance of urban areas by integrating Algorithmic Design, UBEM, and Machine Learning. Our approach can automatically model and simulate thousands of building archetypes and create a broad surrogate model capable of quickly predicting annual energy profiles of large urban areas. We evaluated our approach by applying it to a case study located in Lisbon, Portugal, where we compare its use in model-based optimization routines against conventional UBEM approaches. Results show that our approach delivers predictions with acceptable accuracy at a much faster rate.
keywords	urban building energy modelling, algorithmic design, machine learning in Architecture, optimization of urban areas, SDG 7, SDG 12, SDG 13
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/07/22 07:34

_id	caadria2013_198
id	caadria2013_198
authors	Chee Zong Jie and Patrick Janssen
year	2013
title	Exploration of Urban Street Patterns – Multi-Criteria Evolutionary Optimisation Using Axial Line Analysis
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2013.695
source	Open Systems: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2013) / Singapore 15-18 May 2013, pp. 695-704
summary	In urban design, researchers have developed techniques to automate both the generation and evaluation of urban street patterns. In most cases, these approaches are investigated in isolation from one another. Recently, a number of researchers have attempted to couple these approaches, in order to enable larger numbers of street patterns to be generated and evaluated in an iterative loop. However, to date, the possibility of fully automating the generative-evaluative loop using optimisation algorithms has not been explored. This research proposes an explorative design method in which urban street patterns can be optimised for multiple conflicting performance criteria. The optimisation process uses evolutionary algorithms to evolve populations of design variants by iteratively applying three key procedures: development, evaluation, and feedback. For development, a generative technique is proposed for constructing street patterns. For evaluation, various performance measures are used, including in particular Space Syntax based Axial Line analysis. For feedback, a Pareto-ranking algorithm is used that ranks street patterns according to multiple criteria. The proposed method is demonstrated using an abstract scenario in which orthogonal street patterns are evolved for a small urban area.
wos	WOS:000351496100068
keywords	Axial line analysis, Generative modelling, Evolutionary algorithms, Decision chain encoding, Urban street patterns
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	ascaad2023_035
id	ascaad2023_035
authors	Cheng, Chi-Li ; Nagakura, Takehiko; Tsai, Daniel
year	2023
title	A Synergy of AI Observation and Design Tool: Leveraging Multifaceted AI Techniques for Encoding Human Behaviors and Stories in Space
source	C+++: Computation, Culture, and Context – Proceedings of the 11th International Conference of the Arab Society for Computation in Architecture, Art and Design (ASCAAD), University of Petra, Amman, Jordan [Hybrid Conference] 7-9 November 2023, pp. 502-516.
summary	This paper presents an innovative AI-powered tool aimed at revolutionizing observational methods in architectural design. Its primary objective is to bridge the existing gap between designers and AI predictions, streamlining and enhancing the design process. The tool facilitates the creation of dynamic visualizations that predict human behaviours within 3D design models, adapting seamlessly to design alterations. This prototype showcases the potential for efficient AI-assisted design. The core of our system consists of an AI model that trains on data related to human behavior within environmental contexts. Our user-friendly interface empowers designers to interact dynamically with their 3D modelling tool, akin to playing an interactive chess game. Designers can populate their models with human characters, and the system, in turn, predicts the likely activities of these characters. Observational techniques are pivotal in architectural design, drawing inspiration from influential works such as those by Alexander and Whyte. They provide a comprehensive understanding of how spaces can foster human interaction and help architects, designers, and urban planners make informed decisions that enhance user-friendliness. Nevertheless, two key challenges hinder the effective utilization of this data. Firstly, there is a lack of an intuitive interface that seamlessly integrates with existing tools. Designers often struggle to translate the information into design parameters and interpret the data effectively. Secondly, architects must adapt to evolving living environments and cultural shifts, necessitating real-time observations. However, time constraints and biases impede this process. A solution allowing designers to easily update their data is imperative. Our system comprises three integral components: a pre-trained model adaptable to specific locations, depth prediction and segmentation models for spatial comprehension, and a recognition model for user-designed structures. These features, combined with a user-friendly interface, empower designers to interact intuitively with their models, facilitating more informed and responsive design decisions.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2024/02/13 14:34

_id	ecaade2018_301
id	ecaade2018_301
authors	Cocho-Bermejo, Ana, Birgonul, Zeynep and Navarro-Mateu, Diego
year	2018
title	Adaptive & Morphogenetic City Research Laboratory
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2018.2.659
source	Kepczynska-Walczak, A, Bialkowski, S (eds.), Computing for a better tomorrow - Proceedings of the 36th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland, 19-21 September 2018, pp. 659-668
summary	"Smart City" business model is guiding the development of future metropolises. Software industry sales to town halls for city management services efficiency improvement are, these days, a very pro?table business. Being the model decided by the industry, it can develop into a dangerous situation in which the basis of the new city design methodologies is decided by agents outside academia expertise. Drawing on complex science, social physics, urban economics, transportation theory, regional science and urban geography, the Lab is dedicated to the systematic analysis of, and theoretical speculation on, the recently coined "Science of Cities" discipline. On the research agenda there are questions arising from the synthesis of architecture, urban design, computer science and sociology. Collaboration with citizens through inclusion and empowerment, and, relationships "City-Data-Planner-Citizen" and "Citizen-Design-Science", configure Lab's methodology provoking a dynamic responsive process of design that is yet missing on the path towards the real responsive city.
keywords	Smart City; Morphogenetic Urban Design; Internet of Things; Building Information Modelling; Evolutionary Algorithms; Machine Learning & Artificial Intelligence
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	caadria2017_043
id	caadria2017_043
authors	Coorey, Anycie, Haeusler, M. Hank and Coorey, Ben
year	2017
title	Predictive Urban Analytics - Exploring Choice Modelling and Revealed Preferences for Urban Design
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2017.209
source	P. Janssen, P. Loh, A. Raonic, M. A. Schnabel (eds.), Protocols, Flows, and Glitches - Proceedings of the 22nd CAADRIA Conference, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China, 5-8 April 2017, pp. 209-218
summary	Since the rise of generative design, a morphogenetic process of designing has emerged where algorithms are used to explore potential permutations of a solution to find the best design option. Yet, on a subjective level, identifying what option is considered best has often proven to be difficult. Hence, the paper discusses a foundation research to investigate prototypically subjective judgments concern matters of value and preference defined by end users in generative modelled urban design outcome. To do so the paper will introduce and outline research findings in the field of Micro-Economics, in particular its subcategories 'Choice Modelling' as a method and 'Revealed Preferences' as a methodology to assess whether user preferences can be identified and engaged as 'preferred' design options. In the paper the research will outline in greater depth the theories behind Choice Modelling and Revealed Preferences, a field that studies the behaviour of individuals, and its relevance for urban design, in particular Computational Urbanism. The paper discusses how Choice Modelling can analyse design outcomes and conclude and speculate about its use in an applied context.
keywords	Generative design; Aesthetic judgment; Choice modelling; revealed preference; design evaluation.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	ddssar0229
id	ddssar0229
authors	De Vries, B., Jessurun, A.J. and J. Dijkstra, J.
year	2002
title	Conformance Checking by Capturing and Simulating Human Behaviour in the Built Environment
source	Timmermans, Harry (Ed.), Sixth Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning - Part one: Architecture Proceedings Avegoor, the Netherlands), 2002
summary	In order to model natural human behaviour, it is necessary to capture this behaviour. First, we will start out by modelling behaviour for specific situations, such as taking a seat in a theatre. To capture humanbehaviour, the following experiment is performed: Given a virtual environment, a sufficient number of subjects (real humans) are asked to execute a human task in this virtual environment (e.g. take a seat inthe theatre). Whenever the subject deviates from the shortest path, the system will ask for a clue why this is done. The hypothesis is that the combination of the motion paths and the clues for making/changing decisions will provide decision rules to make reliable predictions about human behaviour under the same conditions when using virtual persons. To test the hypothesis, we propose to use the university’s main conference and presentation hall as a test case. A 3D model and a motion pathgraph are constructed that enables a virtual person to find its way to a selected chair. The clues from the experiment are implemented as decision rules that determine a virtual person’s behaviour. Running thesimulation will result in the following data: Time per person to find a chair, Deviation from the shortest path, Distance covered per person to find a chair, Distribution of seated persons over time and Relocation of persons. To validate the test case, the process of people entering the hall and finding a chair is recorded on videotape. The walking behaviour of the people observed on the video is analysed and compared with the data from the simulation.
series	DDSS
last changed	2003/08/07 16:36

_id	caadria2021_113
id	caadria2021_113
authors	Fink, Theresa, Vuckovic, Milena and Petkova, Asya
year	2021
title	KPI-Driven Parametric Design of Urban Systems
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2021.2.579
source	A. Globa, J. van Ameijde, A. Fingrut, N. Kim, T.T.S. Lo (eds.), PROJECTIONS - Proceedings of the 26th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Online, Hong Kong, 29 March - 1 April 2021, pp. 579-588
summary	We present a framework for data-driven algorithmic generation and post-evaluation of alternative urban developments. These urban developments are framed by a strategic placement of diverse urban typologies whose spatial configurations follow design recommendations outlined in existing building and zoning regulations. By using specific rule-based generative algorithms, different spatial arrangements of these urban typologies, forming building blocks, are derived and visualized, given the aforementioned spatial, legal, and functional regulations. Once the envisioned urban configurations are generated, these are evaluated based on a number of aspects pertaining to spatial, economic, and thermal (environmental) dimensions, which are understood as the key performance indicators (KPIs) selected for informed ranking and evaluation. To facilitate the analysis and data-driven ranking of derived numeric KPIs, we deployed a diverse set of analytical techniques (e.g., conditional selection, regression models) enriched with visual interactive mechanisms, otherwise known as the Visual Analytics (VA) approach. The proposed approach has been tested on a case study district in the city of Vienna, Austria, offering real-world design solutions and assessments.
keywords	Urban design evaluation; parametric modelling; urban simulation; environmental performance; visual analytics
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	a126
id	a126
authors	Finucane E, Derix C and Coates P
year	2006
title	Evolving Urban Structures using Computational Optimisation
source	Proceedings of the Generative Arts conference, Milan, 2006
summary	This paper investigates the use of computer analogies for naturally inspired optimisation techniques as an aid to developing the site layout and massing for the new World Trade Centre development in Pristina Kosovo, which is being designed and developed by 4M Group architectural company, in conjunction with the Advanced Modelling Group Aedas. The development of a genetic algorithm will incorporate various techniques, that have been developed in the field of multi-objective optimisation, to create three dimensional massing models, and site layout solutions which partially fulfil the Prisina brief requirements, which are taken from specifications created by 4M Group. Genetic algorithms are based on natural evolutionary principles which are explained in this paper. It will incorporate Pareto concepts to manage the optimisation of the various objective functions. For example, these will include volume and position of units, which will ensure that the different and sometime conflicting needs of the site are balanced throughout the optimisation. This type of problem is often known as an NP-complete (non-determinate polynomial time) problem. This will provide architects and planners with a number of Pareto optimised site massing solutions as an aid to the design process. An initial investigation into the specifics of the Pristina site requirements, will be followed by an investigation into the the genetic algorithm which is created in Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) linked with AutoCAD as the graphical output of the code. The embryology (development) of the various solutions from the genetic information incorporates an ‘ant’ pheromone trail model, which simulates the action of ants during food foraging, as a tool for initial route planning within the site. Diffusion and cellular automata are used during the development of the solution to construct the massing for the site.
keywords	urban planning, evolutionary algorithms, pareto optimization, Lindenmayer systems, ant-colony optimization, cellular automaton
series	other
type	normal paper
email
more	http://www.generativeart.com/
last changed	2012/09/20 18:33

_id	ddss9828
id	ddss9828
authors	Holmberg, Stig C.
year	1998
title	Anticipation in Evaluation and Assessment of Urban and Regional Plans
source	Timmermans, Harry (Ed.), Fourth Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning Maastricht, the Netherlands), ISBN 90-6814-081-7, July 26-29, 1998
summary	In order to start a move toward better computer based supporting tools for the assessment of urban and regional plans, a new research and development endeavour is proposed. In so doing, anticipation andanticipatory computing, i.e. a technique applying modelling and simulation, is found to be an interesting and promising point of departure. Hence, a fuzzy cellular automata computer model (STF) for simulation and anticipation of geographical or physical space is constructed. The main idea is to map anurban plan onto the STF for its assessing. STF has a normalised and continuous, i.e. fuzzy, system variable while both the time and space dimensions take on discrete values. Further, while ordinary cellularautomata use local rules, global ones are employed in STF, i.e. there is a total interdependence among all the cells of the automata. Outcomes of STF can be interpreted more as possible future states than exact predictions. Preliminary results seem to be well in line with main characteristics of planned urban or regional geographical spaces. Further, for the managing of multi-criteria choice situations, a fuzzy procedure – the Ordered Weighted Average (OWA) procedure – with continuous control over the degree of ANDOR-ness and with independent control over the degree of tradeoff, is proposed.
keywords	Geographical space, Anticipatory Computing, Cellular Automata, Spatio Temporal Fuzzy Model (STF)
series	DDSS
last changed	2003/08/07 16:36

_id	ddss9447
id	ddss9447
authors	Jabi, Wassim
year	1994
title	An Outline of the Requirements for a Computer Supported Collaborative Design System
source	Second Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture & Urban Planning (Vaals, the Netherlands), August 15-19, 1994
summary	Computer-Aided Architectural Design (CAAD) systems have adequately satisfied several needs so far. They have dramatically improved the accuracy and consistency of working drawings, enabled designers to visualize their design ideas in three-dimensions, allowed the analysis of designs through data exchange and integrated databases, and even allowed the designers to evaluate (and in some cases generate) designs based on comparisons to previous cases and/or the formalization of specific rules and grammars. Yet, there is a general consensus that CAAD systems have not yet achieved their full potential. First, most systems employ a single-user approach to solving architectural problems which fails to grapple with the fact that most design work is done through teamwork. Second, current systems still cannot support early design stages which involve client briefing, data collection, building program formulation, and schematic design generation. Thus, if CAAD is to ultimately benefit the design process, it must (1) emulate and support the design team approach to architectural problem solving and (2) be deployed in the earliest possible stages of the design process. This paper seeks to study remedies to both of the afore-mentioned limitations through focusing on the interaction between a set of requirements (the building program) and the architectural solution that satisfies them (the schematic design). The core of this interaction forms the fundamental dialectic and collaborative nature of what is called designing: a concerned social activity that proceeds by creating architectural elements to address a set of requirements and their re-thinking as a result of architectural conjecture. To investigate this relationship, it is proposed to build a computer-supported collaborative design environment using the tools of conceptual modelling (based on the NIAM notation), object-oriented algorithms, and distributed agents. Based on a literature survey and earlier findings on the role of artifacts in collaborative design, this paper outlines the requirements for the above system and reports on initial experiments. Thus, it constitutes the first stage of a research project that will lead to a full implementation of a distributed collaborative computer environment addressing the above issues.
series	DDSS
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2008/06/12 16:32

_id	caadria2022_286
id	caadria2022_286
authors	Khean, Nariddh, During, Serjoscha, Chronis, Angelos, Konig, Reinhard and Haeusler, Matthias Hank
year	2022
title	An Assessment of Tool Interoperability and its Effect on Technological Uptake for Urban Microclimate Prediction with Deep Learning Models
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.1.273
source	Jeroen van Ameijde, Nicole Gardner, Kyung Hoon Hyun, Dan Luo, Urvi Sheth (eds.), POST-CARBON - Proceedings of the 27th CAADRIA Conference, Sydney, 9-15 April 2022, pp. 273-282
summary	The benefits of deep learning (DL) models often overshadow the high costs associated with training them. Especially when the intention of the resultant model is a more climate resilient built environment, overlooking these costs are borderline hypocritical. However, the DL models that model natural phenomena‚conventionally simulated through predictable mathematical modelling‚don't succumb to the costly pitfalls of retraining when a model's predictions diverge from reality over time. Thus, the focus of this research will be on the application of DL models in urban microclimate simulations based on computational fluid dynamics. When applied, predicting wind factors through DL, rather than arduously simulating, can offer orders of magnitude of improved computational speed and costs. However, despite the plethora of research conducted on the training of such models, there is comparatively little work done on deploying them. This research posits: to truly use DL for climate resilience, it is not enough to simply train models, but also to deploy them in an environment conducive of rapid uptake with minimal barrier to entry. Thus, this research develops a Grasshopper plugin that offers planners and architects the benefits gained from DL. The outcomes of this research will be a tangible tool that practitioners can immediately use, toward making effectual change.
keywords	Deep Learning, Technological Adoption, Fluid Dynamics, Urban Microclimate Simulation, Grasshopper, SDG 11
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/07/22 07:34

_id	caadria2013_208
id	caadria2013_208
authors	Kim, Jong Bum; Mark J. Clayton and Wei Yan
year	2013
title	Parameterize Urban Design Codes with BIM and Object-Oriented Programming
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2013.033
source	Open Systems: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2013) / Singapore 15-18 May 2013, pp. 33-42
summary	There has been a significant need for the new urban design apparatus that carries out performance analyses of the urban models, since the code reform movements focused on the sustainable urban developments. This research explores the use of parametric Building Information Modeling to enable stakeholders to intuitively understand the implications and consequences of urban design codes. We investigate whether key regulations can be captured as algorithms and ontologies in parametric BIM and Object-Oriented Programming. Then we present our prototype of parametric urban models in a BIM platform that explains (1) the extent which urban design code information can be parameterized in BIM and (2) the methods how parametric models can hold code information. The results show that our prototype enables real-time manipulations of code requirements and interactive visualization of code allowances.
wos	WOS:000351496100004
keywords	Parametric modelling, BIM, Object-oriented programming, Urban design codes
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	ddss2004_d-111
id	ddss2004_d-111
authors	Kitazawa, K. and M. Batty
year	2004
title	Pedestrian Behaviour Modelling
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) Developments in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Eindhoven: Eindhoven University of Technology, ISBN 90-6814-155-4, p. 111-126
summary	This paper introduces a study of pedestrian behaviour modelling which incorporates ideas about agent-based systems and the traffic models based on the utility-maximization theory. The aim of this study is to examine the applicable scope of one of the basic assumptions in existing spatial behaviour models; the route with shortest distance maximizes the utility of each pedestrian’s travel. Although shortest-path models have been widely used in the field of Traffic management to predict routing behaviour, there can be seen a lot of erratic behaviour in urban areas, shopping migration behaviour for instance, which can not be explained by them. Thus, it is important to identify other possible influential factors on their utility maximization process in order to develop more explicable models of pedestrian movements. In this study, we implemented a simulation model using the shortest-path model as one of evaluation criteria of Genetic Algorithms (GA) to computationally emulate retail movements of shoppers in a big shopping centre and to test the accuracy of the model by comparison between the routes estimated by the model and actual trajectories of shoppers. This simulation system will be used as a platform for further modelling.
keywords	Pedestrian Modelling, Retail Movement, Shortest-Path, Genetic Algorithms
series	DDSS
last changed	2004/07/03 22:13

_id	caadria2013_068
id	caadria2013_068
authors	Pedersen, Jens and Andy VanMater
year	2013
title	Resource Driven Urban Metabolism – How Can Metabolic Scaling be Used in Urban Design?
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2013.561
source	Open Systems: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2013) / Singapore 15-18 May 2013, pp. 561-570
summary	City scale projects are complex multivariable problems and have previously been addressed using a variety of organisational principles, whether it be the infrastructural grid, used by Ludwig Hilbersheimer in his project “Hochhausstadt” or the spinal organisation of the Tokyo Masterplan done by Kenzo Tange and the Metabolist Movement. This project strays from traditional methods of structuring a city and investigates a novel self-engineered anticipatory model, which focuses on the use of generative and genetic algorithms to develop a new associative system to develop coastal cities in arid climates. The system functions as a negative feedback loop, analysing existing conditions, and by a series of mathematical functions, projecting the new growth patterns for major components of a city, such as building envelopes, road networks, canal networks and public space distribution as a result of the cities internally generated resources.
wos	WOS:000351496100055
keywords	Computational design, Generative & evolutionary design, Tooling, City modelling, Urban metabolism
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	caadria2021_283
id	caadria2021_283
authors	Sanatani, Rohit Priyadarshi, Chatterjee, Shamik Sambit and Manna, Ishita
year	2021
title	Subject-specific Predictive Modelling for Urban Affect Analysis
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2021.2.387
source	A. Globa, J. van Ameijde, A. Fingrut, N. Kim, T.T.S. Lo (eds.), PROJECTIONS - Proceedings of the 26th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Online, Hong Kong, 29 March - 1 April 2021, pp. 387-396
summary	Recent developments in crowd-sourced data collection and machine intelligence have facilitated data-driven analyses of the affective qualities of urban environments. While past studies have focused on the commonalities of affective experience across multiple subjects, this paper demonstrates an integrated framework for subject-specific affective data collection and predictive modelling. For demonstration, 10 field observers recorded their affective appraisals of various urban environments along the scales of Liveliness, Beauty, Comfort, Safety, Interestingness, Affluence, Stress and Familiarity. Data was collected through a mobile application that also recorded geo-location, date, time of day, a high resolution image of the users field of view, and a short audio clip of ambient sound. Computer vision algorithms were employed for extraction of six key urban features from the images - built score, paved score, auto score, sky score, nature score, and human score. For predictive modelling, K-Nearest Neighbour and Random Forest regression algorithms were trained on the subject-specific datasets of urban features and affective ratings. The algorithms were able to accurately assess the predicted affective qualities of new environments based on the specific individuals affective patterns.
keywords	Urban Affect; Subjective Experience; Predictive Modelling; Affect Analysis
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	caadria2024_482
id	caadria2024_482
authors	Yan, Xin, Shu, Kun Di and Bao, Ding Wen
year	2024
title	Architectural Topological Form-finding Integrating Solid and Fluid Structural Performances
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2024.1.293
source	Nicole Gardner, Christiane M. Herr, Likai Wang, Hirano Toshiki, Sumbul Ahmad Khan (eds.), ACCELERATED DESIGN - Proceedings of the 29th CAADRIA Conference, Singapore, 20-26 April 2024, Volume 1, pp. 293–302
summary	With the recent developments of digital architecture techniques, performance-based optimisation has been an essential topic in architecture design. Using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and structural topology optimisation algorithms, designers can easily generate architectural forms with high mechanical performances and unique elegant shapes. Comfortable and pleasant architectural microenvironments can also be designed with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques. However, the architectural form-finding method integrating the above two aspects remains a current research hotspot with room for further exploration. This paper presents an innovative Fluid-Structure-Interaction (FSI) topological optimisation workflow for optimising architectural forms based on both inner solid and surrounding fluid mechanics. This framework consists of three basic parts: (1) fluid-structure interaction (FSI) analysis of buildings and their surroundings, (2) automatic modelling of building forms & surrounding environments, and (3) architectural evolutions referred to gradient-based theory. The research aims to construct an innovative architectural morphological topology optimisation algorithm based on the integration of solid and fluid structural performances. The method also shares the potential to coordinate the diverse architectural physical requirements in the form-finding process for complex building contexts, which holds significant practical potential in architectural and urban design.
keywords	Topology Optimisation, Solid Structural Performance, Fluid Structural Performance, Fluid-structure Interaction, Form-finding
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	ijac202321408
id	ijac202321408
authors	Çiçek, Selen; Gozde Damla Turhan and Aybüke Taºer
year	2023
title	Deterioration of pre-war and rehabilitation of post-war urbanscapes using generative adversarial networks
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing 2023, Vol. 21 - no. 4, 695-711
summary	The urban built environment of contemporary cities confronts a constant risk of deterioration due to natural or artificial reasons. Especially political aggression and war conflicts have significant destructive effects on architectural and cultural heritage buildings. The post-war urbanscapes demonstrate the striking effects of the armed conflicts during the hot war encounters. However, the residues of the urbanscapes become the actual indicators of damage and loss. Since today we can make future predictions using a variety of machine learning algorithms, it is possible to represent hybrid projections of urban heterotopias. In this context, this research proposes to explore dystopian post-war projections for modern cities based on their architectural styles and demonstrate the utopian scenarios of rehabilitation possibilities for the damaged urban built environment of post-war cities by using generative adversarial network (GAN) algorithms. Two primary datasets containing the post-war and pre-war building facades have been given as the input data for the CycleGAN and pix2pix GAN models. Thus, two different image-to-image GAN models have been compared regarding their ability to produce legible building facade projections in architectural features. Besides, the machine learning process results have been discussed in terms of cities’ utopian and dystopian future predictions, demonstrating the war conflicts’ immense effects on the built environment. Moreover, the immediate consequence of the destructive aggression on tangible and intangible architectural heritage would become visible to inhabitants and policymakers when the AI-generated rehabilitation potentials have been exposed.
keywords	Post-war, urban rehabilitation, generative adversarial network, CycleGAN, pix2pix GAN, machine learning, artificial intelligence
series	journal
last changed	2024/04/17 14:30

_id	53c6
authors	Mardaljevic, John
year	2000
title	Daylight Simulation: Validation, Sky Models and Daylight Coefficients
source	De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
summary	The application of lighting simulation techniques for daylight illuminance modelling in architectural spaces is described in this thesis. The prediction tool used for all the work described here is the Radiance lighting simulation system. An overview of the features and capabilities of the Radiance system is presented. Daylight simulation using the Radiance system is described in some detail. The relation between physical quantities and the lighting simulation parameters is made clear in a series of progressively more complex examples. Effective use of the inter-reflection calculation is described. The illuminance calculation is validated under real sky conditions for a full-size office space. The simulation model used sky luminance patterns that were based directly on measurements. Internal illuminance predictions are compared with measurements for 754 skies that cover a wide range of naturally occurring conditions. The processing of the sky luminance measurements for the lighting simulation is described. The accuracy of the illuminance predictions is shown to be, in the main, comparable with the accuracy of the model input data. There were a number of predictions with low accuracy. Evidence is presented to show that these result from imprecision in the model specification - such as, uncertainty of the circumsolar luminance - rather than the prediction algorithms themselves. Procedures to visualise and reduce illuminance and lighting-related data are presented. The ability of sky models to reproduce measured sky luminance patterns for the purpose of predicting internal illuminance is investigated. Four sky models and two sky models blends are assessed. Predictions of internal illuminance using sky models/blends are compared against those using measured sky luminance patterns. The sky model blends and the Perez All-weather model are shown to perform comparably well. Illuminance predictions using measured skies however were invariably better than those using sky models/blends. Several formulations of the daylight coefficient approach for predicting time varying illuminances are presented. Radiance is used to predict the daylight coefficients from which internal illuminances are derived. The form and magnitude of the daylight coefficients are related to the scene geometry and the discretisation scheme. Internal illuminances are derived for four daylight coefficient formulations based on the measured luminance patterns for the 754 skies. For the best of the formulations, the accuracy of the daylight coefficient derived illuminances is shown to be comparable to that using the standard Radiance calculation method. The use of the daylight coefficient approach to both accurately and efficiently predict hourly internal daylight illuminance levels for an entire year is described. Daylight coefficients are invariant to building orientation for a fixed building configuration. This property of daylight coefficients is exploited to yield hourly internal illuminances for a full year as a function of building orientation. Visual data analysis techniques are used to display and process the massive number of derived illuminances.
series	thesis:PhD
email
more	http://www.iesd.dmu.ac.uk/~jm/thesis/
last changed	2003/02/12 22:37

_id	aa83
authors	Aho, Alfred V., Hopcroft , John E. and Ullman, Jeffrey D.
year	1976
title	The Design and Analysis of Computer Algorithms
source	x, 470 p. : ill Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Weslely Pub. Co., 1976. includes bibliography: p. [452]-462 and index.
summary	A text book for a first course in design and analysis of algorithms. The emphasis is on ideas and ease of understanding rather then on implementation details or programming tricks. It starts with formulating several models that include random access register machine, random access stored program machine and variants of these, so one can establish analytical results and at the same time accurately reflect on the salient features of real machines
keywords	algorithms, programming
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	62c4
authors	Blinn, James F. and Newell, Martin E.
year	1976
title	Texture and Reflection in Computer Generated Images
source	communications of the ACM October, 1976. vol. 19: pp. 542-547 : ill. (col.). includes bibliography.
summary	In 1974 Catmull developed a new algorithm for rendering images of bivariate surface patches. This paper describes extensions of this algorithm in the areas of texture simulation and lighting models. The parametrization of a patch defines a coordinate system which is used as a key for mapping patterns onto the surface. The intensity of the pattern at each picture element is computed as a weighted average of regions of the pattern definition function. The shape and size of this weighting function are chosen using digital signal processing theory. The patch rendering algorithm allows accurate computation of the surface normal to the patch at each picture element, permitting the simulation of mirror reflections. The amount of light coming from a given direction is modeled in a similar manner to the texture mapping and then added to the intensity obtained from the texture mapping. Several examples of images synthesized using these new techniques are included
keywords	algorithms, computer graphics, shading, hidden surfaces, texture mapping, curved surfaces, rendering
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

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