Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	0bd5
authors	Dube, R., Herron, G.J. and Little, F.F. (et al)
year	1978
title	SURFED -- An Interactive Editor for Free-Form Surfaces
source	Computer Aided Design. March, 1978. vol. 10: pp. 111-115 : ill. includes bibliography
summary	An editor is described for creating and modifying free-form surfaces. A modular system was developed in order to provide the researchers with a facility for communicating design ideas and new mathematical forms through an interactive graphical interface to a computer based model. To achieve this it was necessary to invent a new graphical construct called a `spider' for inputing three-dimensional parameters. This experimental system has the essential features of a large- scale implementation, with the capability of utilizing many new surface forms that have not yet been tried in actual applications
keywords	curved surfaces, computer graphics, user interface
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	898a
authors	Bay, J.H.
year	2002
title	Cognitive Biases and Precedent Knowledge in Human and Computer-Aided Design Thinking
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2002.213
source	CAADRIA 2002 [Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 983-2473-42-X] Cyberjaya (Malaysia) 18–20 April 2002, pp. 213-220
summary	Cognitive biases (illusions) and potential errors can occur when using precedent knowledge for analogical, pre-parametric and qualitative design thinking. This paper refers largely to part of a completed research (Bay 2001) on how heuristic biases, discussed by Tversky and Kahneman (1982) in cognitive psychology, can affect judgement and learning of facts from precedents in architectural design, made explicit using a kernel of conceptual system (Tzonis et. al., 1978) and a framework of architectural representation (Tzonis 1992). These are used here to consider how such illusions and errors may be transferred to computer aided design thinking.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	6509
authors	Blinn, J.F.
year	1978
title	Simulation of Wrinkled Surfaces
source	Computer Graphics 12 3. 286-292
summary	Computer generated shaded images have reached an impressive degree of realism with the current state of the art. They are not so realistic, however, that they would fool many people into believing they are real. One problem is that the surfaces tend to look artificial due to their extreme smoothness. What is needed is a means of simulating the surface irregularities that are on real surfaces. In 1973 Ed Catmull introduced the idea of using the parameter values of parametrically defined surfaces to index into a texture definition function which scales the intensity of the reflected light. By tying the texture pattern to the parameter values, the texture is guaranteed to rotate and move with the object. This is good for showing patterns painted on the surface, but attempts to simulate rough surfaces in this way are unconvincing. This paper presents a method of using a texturing function to perform a small perturbation on the direction of the surface normal before using it in the intensity calculations. This process yields images with realistic looking surface wrinkles without the need to model each wrinkle as a separate surface element. Several samples of images made with this technique are included.
series	journal paper
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	0fd5
authors	Borkin, Harold J., McIntosh, John F. and Turner, James A.
year	1978
title	The Development of Three-Dimensional Spatial Modeling Techniques for the Construction of Nuclear Power Plants
source	SIGGRAPH-ACM Quarterly Report. August, 1978. pp. 26-30 : ill. includes bibliography
summary	This paper presents the results of the first phase of a research project on the application of spatial modeling techniques to the process of planning and executing the construction of a nuclear power plant. A computer modeling technique, based on sets of polyhedra and spatial set operations, was developed and applied to modeling the components of a nuclear power plant. The objectives of the modeling are: To store and retrieve information about the various systems in the facility; to produce drawings of those systems from any angle in differing amounts of detail; to aid in the search for interference among the parts of the plant by identifying those elements that occupy the same space or are too close to each other; to calculate information such as surface area, length, and volume of selected elements of the plant; and to aid in finding the optimum construction sequence by simulating the construction of selected areas of the plant. Computer techniques are described for inputing information by digitizing directly from engineering drawings, for editing the spatial model, for management of the spatial and non-spatial data, and for graphic output from the model. The software is implemented on the University central time- sharing computer system and on a mini-computer system in the Architectural Research Laboratory
keywords	geometric modeling, polyhedra, relational database, construction, synthesis, evaluation, design, applications
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	471f
authors	Brooks, Frederick P. Jr.
year	1987
title	Essence and Accidents of Software Engineering
source	IEEE Computer. April, 1987. vol. 20: pp. 10-19 : ill. includes bibliography. -- See also Information Processing '86 edited by H.J. Kugler; and Brooks, F.P. 'The Mythical Man-Month,' Addison-Wesley, 1978
summary	The author analyzed the nature and the problems of software engineering and assessed the technical developments that are most often advanced as potential solutions for the problems
keywords	software, programming, languages, management
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 10:24

_id	4697
authors	Griffiths, J.G.
year	1978
title	A Surface Display Algorithm
source	Computer Aided Design. January, 1978. vol. 10: pp. 65-73 : ill. includes bibliography
summary	An algorithm is described for displaying curved surfaces with their hidden parts removed. The algorithm calculates a number of points on a surface at which the surface disappears from view, and joins the points to form a piece-wise smooth `critical boundary'. With a knowledge of this critical boundary, the task of displaying the visible parts of the surface becomes simple
keywords	algorithms, curved surfaces, representation, display, hidden lines, hidden surfaces, computer graphics
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	ea3c
authors	Hillyard, R. and Braid, I.
year	1978
title	Analysis of dimensions and tolerances in computer-aided mechanical design
source	Computer Aided Design, vol.10, n.3, may 1978, pp. 161-166
summary	The paper sets forth a theory to explain how dimensions and views combine to specify the shape of a mechanical component. It provides a method to determine whether a component is under, over, or exactly defined by a given dimensioning scheme. Measures for assessing the quality of a scheme are proposed. A solution is offered to a problem of tolerancing: given a toleranced dimensioning scheme, find the resulting tolerances between undimensioned parts of a component.
series	journal paper
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	98bd
authors	Pea, R.
year	1993
title	Practices of Distributed Intelligence and Designs for Education
source	Distributed Cognitions, edited by G. Salomon. New York, NY: CambridgeUniversity Press
summary	v Knowledge is commonly socially constructed, through collaborative efforts... v Intelligence may also be distributed for use in designed artifacts as diverse as physical tools, representations such as diagrams, and computer-user interfaces to complex tasks. v Leont'ev 1978 for activity theory that argues forcibly for the centrality of people-in-action, activity systems, as units of analysis for deepening our understanding of thinking. v Intelligence is distributed: the resources that shape and enable activity are distributed across people, environments, and situations. v Intelligence is accomplished rather than possessed. v Affordance refers to the perceived and actual properties of a thing, primarily those functional properties that determine how the thing could possibly be used. v Norman 1988 on design and psychology - the psychology of everyday things" v We deploy effort-saving strategies in recognition of their cognitive economy and diminished opportunity for error. v The affordances of artifacts may be more or less difficult to convey to novice users of these artifacts in the activities to which they contribute distributed intelligence. v Starts with Norman's seven stages of action Ø Forming a goal; an intention § Task desire - clear goal and intention - an action and a means § Mapping desire - unable to map goal back to action § Circumstantial desire - no specific goal or intention - opportunistic approach to potential new goal § Habitual desire - familiar course of action - rapidly cycle all seven stages of action v Differentiates inscriptional systems from representational or symbol systems because inscriptional systems are completely external, while representational or symbol systems have been used in cognitive science as mental constructs. v The situated properties of everyday cognition are highly inventive in exploiting features of the physical and social situation as resources for performing a task, thereby avoiding the need for mental symbol manipulations unless they are required by that task. v Explicit recognition of the intelligence represented and representable in design, specifically in designed artifacts that play important roles in human activities. v Once intelligence is designed into the affordances properties of artifacts, it both guides and constrains the likely contributions of that artifact to distributed intelligence in activity. v Culturally valued designs for distributed intelligence will change over time, especially as new technology becomes associated with a task domain. v If we treat distributed intelligence in action as the scientific unit of analysis for research and theory on learning and reasoning... Ø What is distributed? Ø What constraints govern the dynamics of such distributions in different time scales? Ø Through what reconfigurations of distributed intelligence might the performance of an activity system improve over time? v Intelligence is manifest in activity and distributed in nature. v Intelligent activities ...in the real world... are often collaborative, depend on resources beyond an individual's long-term memory, and require the use of information-handling tools... v Wartofsky 1979 - the artifact is to cultural evolution what the gene is to biological evolution - the vehicle of information across generations. v Systems of activity - involving persons, environment, tools - become the locus of developmental investigation. v Disagrees with Salomon et al.'s entity-oriented approach - a language of containers holding things. v Human cognition aspires to efficiency in distributing intelligence - across individuals, environment, external symbolic representations, tools, and artifacts - as a means of coping with the complexity of activities we often cal "mental." "
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	6373
authors	Schatz, Bruce R.
year	1978
title	The Computation of Immediate Texture Discrimination
source	11 p. : [4] p. of ill. Pittsburgh, PA: Department of Computer Science, CMU, 1978. CMU-CS-78-152. includes bibliography
summary	One approach to understanding human texture discrimination is to consider what image properties should be examined by a system which computes it. This is investigated in a domain of line drawings. It appears that the orientation and length of lines should be examined. However, there exist textures in which these properties are identical yet discrimination occurs. Consideration of virtual lines (imaginary lines between special points) is introduced to explain such textures. The relation of this method to that of Julesz is discussed with the conclusion that it is strictly less powerful. This lack of sensitivity appears to be psychologically correct; instances are given of indiscriminable textures with different second-order statistics but identical (equivalent) actual and virtual lines. An implementation of the computation is sketched
keywords	psychology, drawings, image processing, perception
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 10:24

_id	aa34
authors	Wilson, I.R. and Addyman, A.M.
year	1978
title	A Practical Introduction to PASCAL
source	vii, 148 p. : ill. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1978. includes bibliography: p. 144 and index
summary	A progressive, practical approach, specific advice and stepwise refinement are used to introduce control constructs, expressions, and the simple use of procedures. A discussion of the concept of data type leads to a complete description of the data structure facilities of PASCAL. Includes exercises and sample programs
keywords	PASCAL, programming, languages, education
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	acadia22pr_112
id	acadia22pr_112
authors	Swackhamer, Marc; Satterfield, Blair; Buma, Brian; Rhodes, Hadley; Hayes, Matthew; Ebert, Logan; Ackerley, Jon
year	2022
title	Nurse Pod - A Critical Examination of the Role of Decay in Architecture
source	ACADIA 2022: Hybrids and Haecceities [Projects Catalog of the 42nd Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9860805-7-4]. University of Pennsylvania Stuart Weitzman School of Design. 27-29 October 2022. edited by M. Akbarzadeh, D. Aviv, H. Jamelle, and R. Stuart-Smith. 112-117.
summary	In 2020 alone, Colorado saw three of the largest wildfires recorded in state history. The intensity of these fires left native soils sterile and increased soil erosion, damaging the landscape and watershed. Despite human efforts to replant lost forests in the face of a warming and drying climate, newly planted saplings often experience a high early mortality rate due to soil loss, sterilization, and low water availability. Nurse Pod aims to assist in forest regeneration by providing a supportive system for vulnerable tree saplings
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2024/02/06 14:06

_id	acadia23_v3_49
id	acadia23_v3_49
authors	A. Noel, Vernelle; Dortdivanlioglu, Hayri
year	2023
title	Text-to-image generators: Semiotics, Semantics, Syntax, and Society
source	ACADIA 2023: Habits of the Anthropocene: Scarcity and Abundance in a Post-Material Economy [Volume 3: Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference for the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9891764-1-0]. Denver. 26-28 October 2023. edited by A. Crawford, N. Diniz, R. Beckett, J. Vanucchi, M. Swackhamer 24-32.
summary	Text-to-image generators, such as Midjourney, DALL-E, and Stable Diffusion, are becoming increasingly popular. These generators, whose models are trained on large datasets of text-image pairs, often scraped from the web, take text prompts as input, and use them to generate images—text-to-image prompting. In this visual essay, we raise questions about the entanglement of semiotics, semantics, syntax, and society in these text-to-image generator tools. We are intrigued by how these technologies are “intrawoven” with social and cultural contexts. How are their constructions and presentations reconfigurations? How do, or might they, inform pedagogy, theory, methods, and our publics? To explore these questions, we entered six prompts related to the built environment in six different languages, eight months apart in Midjourney (“Midjourney” n.d.). The generated images (Figure 1), require that we ask deep questions of each image, in comparison with each other, across each group of four, and across time (eight months apart). We argue that text-to-image generators call for a rigorous exploration of semiotics, semantics, syntax, and the society, with implications for pedagogy, theory-building, methodologies, and public enlightenment. Furthermore, we assert that these tools can facilitate pertinent questions about the relationships between technology and society. This is just the beginning. For now, we have questions.
series	ACADIA
type	field note
email
last changed	2024/04/17 13:59

_id	41e5
authors	Abendroth, M., Decock, J. and Mestaoui, N.
year	2000
title	O_1:// the hypertextu(r)al matrix
source	SIGraDi’2000 - Construindo (n)o espacio digital (constructing the digital Space) [4th SIGRADI Conference Proceedings / ISBN 85-88027-02-X] Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) 25-28 september 2000, pp. 75-76
summary	Founded in 1995 LAB[au], laboratory for architecture and urbanism, links theoretic research LAB[a+u] to concrete works of conception and realisations LA.BAU. LAB[au] elaborates a “hyperdesign” investigating the implications of new technologies of communication and computation in spatiotemporal and social processes and their forms of representation as architecture and urbanism. The transposition of the hypertext model to architectural and urban concepts question the mutation of the spatial and semantic construct of space. The definition of architecture as a code is based on “glocal” systems according to the processes of computation and communication.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	e75d
authors	Achten, H., Dijkstra, J., Oxman, R. and Bax, Th.
year	1995
title	Knowledge-Based Systems Programming for Knowledge Intensive Teaching
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1995.139
source	Multimedia and Architectural Disciplines [Proceedings of the 13th European Conference on Education in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe / ISBN 0-9523687-1-4] Palermo (Italy) 16-18 November 1995, pp. 139-148
summary	Typological design implies extensive knowledge of building types in order to design a building belonging to a building type. It facilitates the design process, which can be considered us a sequence of decisions. The paper gives an outline of a new approach in a course teaching typological knowledge through the medium of Knowledge-Based Systems programming. It demonstrates how Knowledge-Based Systems offer an appropriate structure for analysing the knowledge required to implement typological design. The class consists of third-year undergraduate students with no extensive previous programming experience. The implementation language is AutoLISP which operates in the AutoCAD environment. The building type used in the course is the office building. in order to become acquainted with both building type and programming in AutoLISP, information and instructions have been gathered and prestructured, including a worked out analysis and AutoLISP code. Office plans are generated through use of the Knowledge-Based System. They are encoded in the form of frames. At the end of the course the students will have learned the basics of Knowledge-Based Systems, have been introduced to programming these systems, have analysed and reflected upon the design process, and gained insight into a specific building type.
series	eCAADe
email
more	http://dpce.ing.unipa.it/Webshare/Wwwroot/ecaade95/Pag_18.htm
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	9d26
authors	Adriane Borda Da Silva, A., Félix, N.R., Magallón Lacarta, J.A., Serón Arbeloa, F.J.
year	2000
title	Da Representação à Modelagem (From Representation Towards Modeling)
source	SIGraDi’2000 - Construindo (n)o espacio digital (constructing the digital Space) [4th SIGRADI Conference Proceedings / ISBN 85-88027-02-X] Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) 25-28 september 2000, pp. 280-282
summary	This work intends to structure a conceptual and technical referential to guide the development of the “Post-Graduate Drawing Course - from traditional tracing to computer graphics” (DTGC-IFM,UFPel, RS, Brasil), related to the process of using the computer technology for problem-solving in graphics representation. The referential intends to evaluate the level of development, and also orientate the investments with qualification of the staff, hardware and software. This study refers only to the process of solving problems using computer graphics techniques for Geometric and Visual Modeling.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	alqawasmi
id	alqawasmi
authors	Al-Qawasmi, J., Clayton, M.J., Tassinary, L.G. and Johnson, R..
year	1999
title	Observations on Collaborative Design and Multimedia Usage in Virtual Design Studio
source	J. Woosely and T. Adair (eds.), Learning virtually: Proceedings of the 6th annual distance education conference, San Antonio, Texas, pp. 1-9
summary	The virtual design studio (VDS) points to a new way of practicing and teaching architectural design. As a new phenomenon, little research has been done to evaluate design collaboration and multimedia usage in a distributed workplace like the virtual design studio. Our research provides empirical data on how students actually use multiple media during architectural collaborative design.
series	other
email
last changed	2003/12/06 09:55

_id	acadia23_v1_136
id	acadia23_v1_136
authors	Alima, Natalia
year	2023
title	InterspeciesForms
source	ACADIA 2023: Habits of the Anthropocene: Scarcity and Abundance in a Post-Material Economy [Volume 1: Projects Catalog of the 43rd Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9860805-8-1]. Denver. 26-28 October 2023. edited by A. Crawford, N. Diniz, R. Beckett, J. Vanucchi, M. Swackhamer 136-143.
summary	The hybridization of architectural, biological and robotic agencies Situated in the field of architectural biodesign, InterspeciesForms explores a closer relationship between the fungus Pleurotus ostreatus and the designer in the creation of form. The intention of hybridizing mycelia’s agency of growth with architectural design intention is to generate novel, non-indexical crossbred designed outcomes that evolve preconceived notions of architectural form. Mycelium are threadlike fibrous root systems made up of hyphae, that form the vegetative part of a fungus (Jones 2020). Known as the hackers of the wood wide web (Simard 1997) mycelia form complex symbiotic relationships with other species that inhabit our earth. Michael Lim states “Fungi redefine resourcefulness, collaboration, resilience and symbiosis” (Lim 2022, p. 14). When wandering around the forest to connect with other species or searching for food, fungi form elaborate and entangled networks by spreading their hyphal tips. Shown in Figure 1, this living labyrinth results in the aesthetic formation of an intricate web. Due to the organisms ability to determine the most effective direction of growth, communicate with its surrounding ecosystem, and connect with other species, fungi are indeed an intelligent species with a unique aesthetic that must not be ignored. In drawing on these concepts, I refer to the organism’s ability to search for, tangle, and digest its surroundings as ‘mycelia agency of growth’. It is this specific behavioral characteristic that is the focus of this research, with which I, as the architect, set out to co-create and hybridize with.
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2024/04/17 13:58

_id	9fe2
authors	Almeida da Silva, A.B., Serón Arbeloa, F.J., Magallón Lacarta, J.A. and Félix, N.R.
year	2001
title	PICTÓRICA O CIENTÍFICA? LA ACTIVIDAD DE GENERACIÓN DE IMÁGENES SINTÉTICAS EN EL CONTEXTO DE ENSEÑANZA (Pictoric or Scientific? The Activity of Generation of Synthetic Images in the Teaching Context)
source	SIGraDi biobio2001 - [Proceedings of the 5th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics / ISBN 956-7813-12-4] Concepcion (Chile) 21-23 november 2001, pp. 192-194
summary	This work is restricted to the field of Graphics Representation in Architecture, analyzing the use of illumination models which are present at the software usually used for the development of images to describe the architectural objects. The differences between the real scene and the equivalences structured into the world of computer graphics related to the illumination models and light, are specially specified. This work analyses the categories of architectural problems associated to each of the available models; questions how this associations are included in architectural teaching context and studies how associated they are during the academic studies of the architect.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	7c56
authors	Alvarado, R.G., Parra Marquez, J.C. and Vildosola, G.V.
year	2001
title	Qualitative contribution of a vr-system to architectural design: Why we failed?
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2001.423
source	CAADRIA 2001 [Proceedings of the Sixth Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 1-86487-096-6] Sydney 19-21 April 2001, pp. 423-427
summary	The paper exposes the development of a Virtual-Reality system for modeling timber structures, and evaluations with students about its contribution to the architectural project.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	456a
authors	Alvarado, R.G., Parra, J.C., Vergara, R.L. and Chateau, H.B.
year	2000
title	Architectural References to Virtual Environments Design
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2000.151
source	Promise and Reality: State of the Art versus State of Practice in Computing for the Design and Planning Process [18th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-6-5] Weimar (Germany) 22-24 June 2000, pp. 151-155
summary	Based on a comparison between the perception of digital and real construction, the development of virtual systems and the review of additional sources, this paper states some differences between the design of virtual environments and architectural spaces. Virtual-reality technologies provide advanced capabilities to simulate real situations, and also to create digital worlds not referred to physical places, such as imaginary landscapes or environments devoted to electronic activities, like entertainment, learning or commerce. Some on-line services already use 3D-stages, resembling building halls and domestic objects, and several authors have mentioned virtual modeling as a job opportunity to architects. But it will argue in this paper that the design of those environments should consider their own digital characteristics. Besides, the use of virtual installations on networks impells a convergence with global media, like Internet or TV. Virtual environments can be a 3Devolution of communicational technologies, which have an increasing participation in culture, reaching a closer relationship to contemporary architecture.
keywords	Virtual Environments, Spatial Perception, Design Methodology
series	eCAADe
email
more	http://www.uni-weimar.de/ecaade/
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

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