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CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	58fa
authors	Glanville, R.
year	1994
title	Variety in Design
source	Systems Research, vol. 11, no 3
summary	It is argued that creativity might be amplified through the co-operative sharing of brain power (in contrast to Ashby's amplification of intelligence by restricting attention to the problem). This argument is extended to the act of design (seen as the making of the new), where it is proposed that the nature of the computer is to encourage co-operative sharing because, by making perfect copies, it denies ownership. This, in turn, underpins the processes of collaging and transformation that so suit the computer. A means of using the computer is proposed in which both sharing and distortion are encouraged, so that the new may be made while the individual's sense of creation and of origination is respected. Possible questions and difficulties are raised. Some are resolved.1
series	journal paper
email
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

_id	494c
authors	Glanville, R.
year	1990
title	The Self and the Other: the Purpose of Distinction
source	Trappl, R., "Cybernetics and Systems '90" the Proceedings of the European Meeting on Cybernetics and Systems Research, Singapore, World Scientific
summary	In this paper, the nature of distinction drawing, in the sense of George Spencer Brown, is examined with special reference to the distinction between the self and the other. It is noted that a distinction, which must draw its self, also requires an other and a transfer distinction, both within a particular distinction and for that distinction to be part of, and that these can generate the purpose of the distinction as becoming, of, by and for itself.
series	other
email
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

_id	0adc
authors	Glanville, R.
year	1996
title	Communication without Coding: Cybernetics, Meaning and Language (How Language, becoming a System, Betrays itself)
source	Modern Language Notes, Vol 111, no 3 (ad Wellbery, D)
summary	In this essay communication is considered as a cybernetic system in which two participants (the representer and the representee) share a representation (made up of a representing and a represented), each constructing his own meaning from the identity of the representing and the represented in the representation in the form of a conversation. Meaning, in this context, is not seen as lying in any part of the representation. This system is modified so as to incorporate a meta- and a subconversation which allow the participants in the conversation to negociate agreement more effectively, and to better handle error. Types of agreement are examined, as is the conversation as a source of novelty. Further pragmatic considerations are introduced such that a series of agreements may allow it to appear that there is, after all, meaning in the act of representation, although this is always a matter of "as if". Certain consequences of this cybernetic system are developed and some of the prerequisites for such a system to exist are explored. Possible tests (and the value of such testing) are considered.
series	other
email
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

_id	858f
authors	Glanville, Ranulph
year	1995
title	Architecture and Computing: A medium approach
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.1995.005
source	Computing in Design - Enabling, Capturing and Sharing Ideas [ACADIA Conference Proceedings / ISBN 1-880250-04-7] University of Washington (Seattle, Washington / USA) October 19-22, 1995, pp. 5-20
summary	In this paper, the argument is presented that the way in which computers are used in Architectural Design is based on and limited by our imaginings. Typically, computing is used as a tool to automate a process formerly carried out by a human rather than to expand our range of options. It is held that this is a very restricted way of using the computer and that architects and designers would be better served treating the computer as a medium, allowing it to act as a partner in design. Only then will the radical possibilities of computing become apparent, so that we may benefit from true interaction with them. Some specific limitations in our uses of computers are highlighted and ways that allow the computer to be more of an interacting partner are indicated, as are ways of exploring computing to extend the possibilities.
series	ACADIA
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	cdf3
authors	Glanville, Ranulph and Mc Kinnon-Wood, Robin
year	1995
title	Learning and Multimedia
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1995.093
source	Multimedia and Architectural Disciplines [Proceedings of the 13th European Conference on Education in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe / ISBN 0-9523687-1-4] Palermo (Italy) 16-18 November 1995, pp. 93-94
summary	It is taken as given that the reason for interaction with MultiMedia environments is to learn. Human beings have been claimed to be machines for learning. It therefore follows that understandings about learning (especially in the context of computers) is central to the successful design of MultiMedia environments.
series	eCAADe
more	http://dpce.ing.unipa.it/Webshare/Wwwroot/ecaade95/Pag_12.htm
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	cba7
authors	Glanville, Ranulph
year	1992
title	CAD Abusing Computing
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1992.213
source	CAAD Instruction: The New Teaching of an Architect? [eCAADe Conference Proceedings] Barcelona (Spain) 12-14 November 1992, pp. 213-224
summary	I should like to differentiate three ways in which computers can be applied (used) in any field—although, in this case, I shall speak of architecture as the universal exemplar: that is, three approaches. I should also like to differentiate two attitudes to what computing is.
series	eCAADe
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	ee51
authors	Glanville, Ranulph
year	1993
title	Exploring and Illustrating
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1993.x.l5o
source	[eCAADe Conference Proceedings] Eindhoven (The Netherlands) 11-13 November 1993
summary	CAD, in its usually available forms, is wonderful at illustrating proposed architectural objects. But, as I argued last year at the Barcelona meeting, it is not so good at helping us extend the richness and development of architectural ideas—at the "back of envelope" and other developmental Ievels—indeed, it is (for pragmatic reasons—and others) actually restrictive of change, what-if, suck-it-and-see, etc. I shall describe a work environment, which we have been developing since last year in Portsmouth, in which computing is used by students to assist the generation, testing and extension of ideas: in which exploring takes precedence over illustrating. The central notion of this environment involves the extension and manipulation, through co-operative sharing of a joint "resource base" of computer stored images (recognising origination rather than ownership), and (parts of) which may be copied and transformed by group members as they seek to develop, enrich and extend their ideas. Transformations may be intentional, but some occur through the limits of our computational medium such as compression losses, file formats, colour depth and resolution and are welcomed as a contribution made by the computing medium used. Images are located through a developing, shared filing system, picture search and history trace. The environment relies on a small suite of computers wile a powerful machine acting as a fileserver and undertaking central, computationally-intensive tasks. For this environment, we have chosen software carefully, and the choice will be described. We have also developed a small, but crucial program that traces developments in the shared resource base—in what is, in effect, our own, operational CyberSpace (as distinct from a Virtual Reality). Through these mechanisms, we believe we are able to evade the limitation set by Ross Ashby's "Law of Requisite Variety", thus expanding the creativity-base of participating designers (students). There are no "scientific results", but we believe the reasoning behind, and the activity and exploration of our environment is valuable in itself, and may be of interest to collegues.
series	eCAADe
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	49f3
authors	Glanville, Ranulph
year	1993
title	Looking into Endoscopy - The Limitations of Evaluation in Architectural Design
source	Endoscopy as a Tool in Architecture [Proceedings of the 1st European Architectural Endoscopy Association Conference / ISBN 951-722-069-3] Tampere (Finland), 25-28 August 1993, pp. 185-193
summary	The means available to architects in their age-old task of creating (most usually, though not necessarily) buildings that do not yet exist (ie. virtual realities), can be seen as falling into two groups. Those that help us develop architectural ideas (exploring), and those that help us evaluate or test them (illustrating). In the former category, we have, for instance, the ”drawing on the back of the envelope”, the discursive brainstorm, and the design ”conversation with ourselves via paper and pencil” (the drawing strikes back). In the latter, we may include physical model building, careful (projective) drawing (including drawings that are instructions for making), mathematical and design science modelling and calculating, visualising techniques such as the rendered perspective, most CAD (computer aided design) work and architectural endoscopy. These techniques may be thought of in two ways, as Bosselman reported: the explanation (eg. the organisational plan) and the experience (eg the ”photo-realistic” perspective). Attached to these we have rules for success, such as those of ”style” (in the broad sense of the personal style that allows us to assume that we have answers to problems that have yet to appear). It should be clear even from the list above that there are many more techniques and technologies for evaluation (illustration) than for exploration (design): such is the mystery of design. It is the primary purpose of this paper to invite those involved in providing the enormous effort that has gone into making such techniques for illustration — evaluation — to consider how their efforts help with that other, and crucial, area — that of exploring: and to redress some of the balance of that effort towards exploration. For it occurs to me (as a teacher of architecture), that evaluation does not provide a course for action — it merely helps us determine what may be wrong (according to some criteria with which we choose not to argue). And, no matter how right or wrong a design may be, knowing that it is wrong doesn’t help us either modify it, or find a better initial idea. It only tells us we are not right — always assuming the evaluative model is correct; perhaps.
keywords	Architectural Endoscopy
series	EAEA
more	http://info.tuwien.ac.at/eaea/
last changed	2005/09/09 10:43

_id	021b
authors	Glanville, Ranulph
year	1996
title	Computers, Education and Architecture for the Lost Profession
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1996.171
source	Education for Practice [14th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-2-2] Lund (Sweden) 12-14 September 1996, pp. 171-180
summary	Those who build are gradually, at the moment, subverting the traditional role of the architect. Architecture needs new ways of expressing itself. Architects need new ways of being architects. There are less and less jobs, and those there are are less and less to do with Architecture. In this essay, I am concerned to confront the question of what computers mean for education and professionalism (especially in architecture), and, thus, for us as architects and teachers of computing. The argument is centred in architecture, but its conclusions are, I believe, also more generally tenable.
series	eCAADe
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	6262
authors	Glanville, Ranulph
year	1996
title	Creativity and HyperMedia, MultiMedia, the InterNET an Virtuality
source	CAD Creativeness [Conference Proceedings / ISBN 83-905377-0-2] Bialystock (Poland), 25-27 April 1996 pp. 99-115
summary	Creativity is defined in an operational manner as being associated with the new, and hence with surprise and variety. Certain qualities of various computer media (HyperMedia, Multimedia, InterNET and Virtuality) are considered in the light of this definition in order to determine how they might be shaped and used to enhance (the likelihood of) creativity, particularly in architectural design. A more thorough examination of the qualities of computational media is suggested. together with a method for carrying this out. A major consideration of CAD has been excluded since the author has, elsewhere, recently covered this aspect of computing in some depth.
series	plCAD
email
last changed	2003/05/17 10:01

_id	08eb
authors	Glanville, Ranulph
year	1997
title	The Value when Cybernetics is added to CAAD
source	AVOCAAD First International Conference [AVOCAAD Conference Proceedings / ISBN 90-76101-01-09] Brussels (Belgium) 10-12 April 1997, pp. 39-56
summary	In this paper it is argued that cybernetics gives added value to design in general and to CAAD in particular. Essential cybernetic concepts are introduced, and are then shown to reflect design. These reflections are shown to be potentially amplifiable by the use of computers through CAAD, if we will and dare it.
series	AVOCAAD
last changed	2005/09/09 10:48

_id	a959
authors	Glanville, Ranulph
year	1998
title	Cybernetic Realities
source	Cyber-Real Design [Conference Proceedings / ISBN 83-905377-2-9] Bialystock (Poland), 23-25 April 1998, pp. 101-116
summary	In a meeting that focuses on the opportunities offered us by what the organisers call the "Cyber-Real", it is, perhaps, fitting to return to the root word on the so-called "CyberCulture", Cybernetics, and to reflect what the concepts and understandings it has developed and deals with offer us, especially in the light of the "Cyber-Real". To that end, I explore some features of current Cybernetic thinking in order to develop a view of Cybernetic Realities, and to use those to elucidate just what might be "Cyber-Real". The reader may well ask why this paper is called "Cybernetic Realities" when, all through, I talk of Cybernetic Reality. The reason comes from a key argument in this paper: each of us constructs our own Cybernetic Reality. The result is singularly plural.
series	plCAD
email
last changed	2003/05/17 10:01

_id	57b1
authors	Glanville, Ranulph
year	2001
title	Not Aping the Past: Mirror Men
source	Stellingwerff, Martijn and Verbeke, Johan (Eds.), ACCOLADE - Architecture, Collaboration, Design. Delft University Press (DUP Science) / ISBN 90-407-2216-1 / The Netherlands, pp. 29-42 [Book ordering info: m.c.stellingwerff@bk.tudelft.nl]
summary	To collaborate is to work together. To work, in my thinking, together presumes participation. When I talk of collaboration, I talk with the notion of participation in mind. I shall often write of participation as an alternative term to collaboration, in this paper. I am interested in anything that may enhance our creativity (as designers). There are those whose interest in collaboration is different, and equally justifiable. The main part of the title is from a quote by the composer Harrison Birtwistle, who said: ìTradition is not aping the past but making the future.î The intention in what I write is to suggest ways in which Information and Communication Technology can be used, not to ape the past, but to make the future, especially by enhancing our potential to act creatively. I do this by introducing facets of ideas in fragments, so they can interact with each other, rather than forming the great, separate arches of traditional arguments, one after the other. For me, collaboration is more than co-operation or co-ordination. It must involve novelty, the creation of something beyond the expected and more than an improvement a quantum step.
series	other
last changed	2001/09/14 21:30

_id	c8bf
authors	Ranulph Glanville
year	1994
title	Remoteness and the Value of Sharing
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1994.x.b1w
source	The Virtual Studio [Proceedings of the 12th European Conference on Education in Computer Aided Architectural Design / ISBN 0-9523687-0-6] Glasgow (Scotland) 7-10 September 1994, p. 210
summary	The technology of the near future creates the possibility of the Virtual Studio. The Virtual Studio emphasises the importance of sharing (co-operative working, interaction, updating: the importance of “betweenness”). It also emphasises the means by which we create the Virtual Studio and its intersection with what we normally call “reality”. And the means by which we share.
series	eCAADe
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	0830
authors	Ball, A. A.
year	1980
title	How to Make the Bicubic Patch Work Using Reparametrisation
source	1980 ? 11 p. includes bibliography
summary	This paper comprises a series of examples in numerical surface definition, loosely strung together, to show the practical limitations of the bicubic patch and how they can be overcome by reparametrisation. The concept of reparametrisation is more general than that used in computer- aided geometric design insofar as the reparametrisation is modeled in addition to the basic parametric equation
keywords	CAD, computational geometry, curved surfaces, parametrization
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	cf2011_p170
id	cf2011_p170
authors	Barros, Mário; Duarte José, Chaparro Bruno
year	2011
title	Thonet Chairs Design Grammar: a Step Towards the Mass Customization of Furniture
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 181-200.
summary	The paper presents the first phase of research currently under development that is focused on encoding Thonet design style into a generative design system using a shape grammar. The ultimate goal of the work is the design and production of customizable chairs using computer assisted tools, establishing a feasible practical model of the paradigm of mass customization (Davis, 1987). The current research step encompasses the following three steps: (1) codification of the rules describing Thonet design style into a shape grammar; (2) implementing the grammar into a computer tool as parametric design; and (3) rapid prototyping of customized chair designs within the style. Future phases will address the transformation of the Thonet’s grammar to create a new style and the production of real chair designs in this style using computer aided manufacturing. Beginning in the 1830’s, Austrian furniture designer Michael Thonet began experimenting with forming steam beech, in order to produce lighter furniture using fewer components, when compared with the standards of the time. Using the same construction principles and standardized elements, Thonet produced different chairs designs with a strong formal resemblance, creating his own design language. The kit assembly principle, the reduced number of elements, industrial efficiency, and the modular approach to furniture design as a system of interchangeable elements that may be used to assemble different objects enable him to become a pioneer of mass production (Noblet, 1993). The most paradigmatic example of the described vision of furniture design is the chair No. 14 produced in 1858, composed of six structural elements. Due to its simplicity, lightness, ability to be stored in flat and cubic packaging for individual of collective transportation, respectively, No. 14 became one of the most sold chairs worldwide, and it is still in production nowadays. Iconic examples of mass production are formally studied to provide insights to mass customization studies. The study of the shape grammar for the generation of Thonet chairs aimed to ensure rules that would make possible the reproduction of the selected corpus, as well as allow for the generation of new chairs within the developed grammar. Due to the wide variety of Thonet chairs, six chairs were randomly chosen to infer the grammar and then this was fine tuned by checking whether it could account for the generation of other designs not in the original corpus. Shape grammars (Stiny and Gips, 1972) have been used with sucesss both in the analysis as in the synthesis of designs at different scales, from product design to building and urban design. In particular, the use of shape grammars has been efficient in the characterization of objects’ styles and in the generation of new designs within the analyzed style, and it makes design rules amenable to computers implementation (Duarte, 2005). The literature includes one other example of a grammar for chair design by Knight (1980). In the second step of the current research phase, the outlined shape grammar was implemented into a computer program, to assist the designer in conceiving and producing customized chairs using a digital design process. This implementation was developed in Catia by converting the grammar into an equivalent parametric design model. In the third phase, physical models of existing and new chair designs were produced using rapid prototyping. The paper describes the grammar, its computer implementation as a parametric model, and the rapid prototyping of physical models. The generative potential of the proposed digital process is discussed in the context of enabling the mass customization of furniture. The role of the furniture designer in the new paradigm and ideas for further work also are discussed.
keywords	Thonet; furniture design; chair; digital design process; parametric design; shape grammar
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	2fdd
authors	Barsky, Brian A. and Thomas, Spencer W.
year	1980
title	Transpline Curve Representation System
source	April, 1980. 19 p. : ill. includes bibliography
summary	An interactive curve representation system has been developed based on the concept of transforming among several parametric spline curve formulations. The available formulations are the interpolatory spline, uniform B-spline, spline under tension, and NU-spline. The system implementation is described in the context of a sample design session
keywords	computational geometry, curves, representation, splines
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	a24e
authors	Barstow, David R.
year	1980
title	Knowledge Based Program Construction
source	The Computer Science Library, 34 p.
summary	Some aspects of the implementation of the reachability algorithm are presented.
keywords	Knowledge Base, Programming, Graphs, LISP
series	CADline
last changed	1999/02/15 14:58

_id	8629
authors	Barzilay, Amos
year	1980
title	Human Problem Solving on Master Mind
source	Carnegie Mellon University
summary	The purpose of this work is to analyze the task of playing Master Mind and to examine subjects behaviors on solving that task. The methods and the ideas that are used in the work are the same found in the references for other tasks. The author wants to show that those ideas and methods can be used for that specific task as well. In other words, subjects behave in such a domain as an information processing system. [includes bibliography]
keywords	Psychology, Problem Solving
series	CADline
last changed	1999/02/15 15:10

_id	e825
authors	Baybars, Ilker and Eastman, Charles M.
year	1980
title	Enumerating Architectural Arrangements by Generating Their Underlying Graphs
source	Environment and Planning B. 1980. vol. 7: pp. 289- 310 : ill. includes bibliography. -- See also 'Enumerating Architectural Arrangements: Comment on a Recent Paper by Baybars and Eastman' by C.F. Earl
summary	One mathematical correspondence to the partitioning of the plane is a Weighted Plane Graph (WPG). This paper first focuses on the systematic generation of WPGs, in a fashion similar to crystal growth. During this process, the WPGs are represented by adjacency matrices. The authors, thus, present a method for embedding the WPG in the plane, given its adjacency matrix. These graphs can, then, be mapped into floor plans. The common practice here is the use of the `geometric dual' of a WPG. The authors propose, instead, the use of the `Pseudogeometric dual' of a WPG directly to translate (part of) a design brief into alternative spatial layouts. Also discussed is the ability to create courtyards and/or circulation spaces given a specific WPG, without increasing the size of the problem
keywords	enumeration, architecture, floor plans, graphs, design process, automation, algorithms, space allocation, CAD
series	CADline
email
last changed	2003/05/17 10:15

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