Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	e93d
authors	Knight, Weissman T.
year	1981
title	Languages of Designs : from Known to New
source	Environment and Planning B. 1981. vol. 8: pp. 213-238 : ill. includes bibliography
summary	A procedure for defining new languages of designs from known or given ones is presented. It is specified in terms of shape equivalence rules or shape equivalence rule schemata which allow shapes in spatial relations given or inferred from existing design languages to be replaced with other shapes. The new spatial relations so defined can be used to determine a wide variety of new, original languages of designs. The possibility of using shape equivalence rules or rule schemata for characterizing formal compositional aspects of historic styles or languages of designs and relationships between them is also discussed
keywords	design, languages, shape grammars, relations
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	cf2009_poster_09
id	cf2009_poster_09
authors	Hsu, Yin-Cheng
year	2009
title	Lego Free-Form? Towards a Modularized Free-Form Construction
source	T. Tidafi and T. Dorta (eds) Joining Languages Cultures and Visions: CAADFutures 2009 CD-Rom
summary	Design Media is the tool designers use for concept realization (Schon and Wiggins, 1992; Liu, 1996). Design thinking of designers is deeply effected by the media they tend to use (Zevi, 1981; Liu, 1996; Lim, 2003). Historically, architecture is influenced by the design media that were available within that era (Liu, 1996; Porter and Neale, 2000; Smith, 2004). From the 2D plans first used in ancient egypt, to the 3D physical models that came about during the Renaissance period, architecture reflects the media used for design. When breakthroughs in CAD/CAM technologies were brought to the world in the twentieth century, new possibilities opened up for architects.
keywords	CAD/CAM free-form construction, modularization
series	CAAD Futures
type	poster
last changed	2009/07/08 22:12

_id	ecaade2012_087
id	ecaade2012_087
authors	Lorenz, Wolfgang E.
year	2012
title	Estimating the Fractal Dimension of Architecture: Using two Measurement Methods implemented in AutoCAD by VBA
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2012.1.505
source	Achten, Henri; Pavlicek, Jiri; Hulin, Jaroslav; Matejovska, Dana (eds.), Digital Physicality - Proceedings of the 30th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1 / ISBN 978-9-4912070-2-0, Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Architecture (Czech Republic) 12-14 September 2012, pp. 505-513
summary	The concept of describing and analyzing architecture from a fractal point of view, on which this paper is based, can be traced back to Benoît Mandelbrot (1981) and Carl Bovill (1996) to a considerable extent. In particular, this includes the distinction between scalebound (offering a limited number of characteristic elements) and scaling objects (offering many characteristic elements of scale) made by B. Mandelbrot (1981). In the fi rst place such a differentiation is based upon a visual description. This paper explores the possibility of assistance by two measurement methods, fi rst time introduced to architecture by C. Bovill (1996). While the box-counting method measures or more precisely estimates the box-counting dimension D b of objects (e.g. facades), range analysis examines the rhythm of a design. As CAD programs are familiar to architects during design processes, the author implemented both methods in AutoCAD using the scripting language VBA. First measurements indicate promising results for indicating the distinction between what B. Mandelbrot called scalebound and scaling buildings.
wos	WOS:000330322400052
keywords	Box-Counting Method; Range Analysis; Hurst-Exponent; Analyzing Architecture; Scalebound and Scaling objects
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	b719
authors	Maver, T.W.
year	1981
title	Simulation and Solution Teams in Architectural Design
source	Proceedings of Design Participation Conference, (Ed: N Cross), Academy Editions, 79-83
series	other
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2015/02/20 11:25

_id	0c81
authors	Robinson, John T.
year	1981
title	The K-D-B-Tree : A Search Structure of Large Multidimensional Dynamic Indexes
source	22 p. : ill
summary	Pittsburgh, PA: Department of Computer Science, CMU, February, 1981. CMU-CS-81-106. includes some bibliographical references. The problem of retrieving multikey records via range queries form a large, dynamic index is considered. By large it is meant that most of the index must be sorted on secondary memory. By dynamic it is meant that insertions and deletions are intermixed with queries, so that the index cannot be built beforehand. A new data structure, the K-D-B-tree, is presented as a solution to this problem. K-D-B-trees combine properties of K-D-trees and B-trees. It is expected that the multidimensional search efficiency of balanced K-D-trees and the I/O efficiency of B-trees should both be approximated in the K-D-B-tree. Preliminary experimental results that tend to support this are reported
keywords	algorithms, search
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	ecaade2015_119
id	ecaade2015_119
authors	Dokonal, Wolfgang; Knight, Michael W. and Dengg, Ernst Alexander
year	2015
title	New Interfaces - Old Models
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2015.1.101
source	Martens, B, Wurzer, G, Grasl T, Lorenz, WE and Schaffranek, R (eds.), Real Time - Proceedings of the 33rd eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, 16-18 September 2015, pp. 101-106
summary	The rapid development of new Virtual Reality (VR) devices such as the Oculus Rift and Google Cardboard together with Augmented Reality (AR) applications such as 3Dplus (by the Finnish company advice) or gaming software such as Unity3D and Unreal Engine 4 raises the question of how we can use these new interfaces and applications to access our increasingly data-rich models. In this paper we will summarise the results of a joint international workshop where students explored the use of these new interfaces on existing models. During the course of the workshop, the students built their own VR environments to test spatial perception and then used different types of housing models with these interfaces to find out what kind of information inside those data rich models is best suited to be accessed using these new interfaces. The question will be if there is any added value - besides the novelty factor - in using these new devices in combination with old models. To give an extra dimension to the virtual nature of the workshop, students collaborated with some of the tutors primarily digitally using the virtual models and other online tools (Skype/Twitter/discussion boards). By having collaboration through the medium of the virtual interactive model as the core communication method, the amount, type and methods of presenting the information is tested and evaluated. This is work in progress and we had to experience several problems that we could not overcome in the available time.
wos	WOS:000372317300011
series	eCAADe
email
more	https://mh-engage.ltcc.tuwien.ac.at/engage/ui/watch.html?id=54a3a8e0-702c-11e5-9592-c7c2b292a6cf
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	ascaad2021_150
id	ascaad2021_150
authors	Fathima, Linas; Chithra K
year	2021
title	Shapegrammar: A Tool for Research in Traditional Architecture
source	Abdelmohsen, S, El-Khouly, T, Mallasi, Z and Bennadji, A (eds.), Architecture in the Age of Disruptive Technologies: Transformations and Challenges [9th ASCAAD Conference Proceedings ISBN 978-1-907349-20-1] Cairo (Egypt) [Virtual Conference] 2-4 March 2021, pp. 465-478
summary	Every Architectural style consists of an Architectural language with vocabulary, syntax, and semantics. The compositional principles of a particular style can be defined over as a set of rules. These rules can be reformed and converted using mathematical computational techniques using Shape Grammar (A systematic method used for interpreting spatial design and activities). Researchers across the world used shape grammar to analyse design patterns of traditional architectural styles, master architects' works, etc. These rule-based methods can be adopted into computer languages to produce new designs. Traditional Architecture of a region portrays culture integrated with all aspects of human life. The proposed paper is to study the potentials of shape grammar to use as a tool in the research of traditional architectural styles by analysing case studies. The research methodology reviews the previous shape grammar studies conducted in various conventional styles and comparative analysis of the approaches of authors in shape grammar generation. The research by Lambe and Dongre on the formulation of shape grammar of Pol houses of Ahmadabad and Cagdas's work on traditional Turkish houses is an example of this. T Knight had formulated shape grammar of Japanese tea houses, and Yousefniapasha and Teeling developed a grammar of vernacular houses facing rice fields of Mazandaran, Iran. Similarly, many researchers used shape grammars as a tool to analyse traditional architecture. So the study will compare the different traditional shape grammar generations and formulate a sample shape grammar of a traditional prototype to conclude the scope of further research in the domain.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2021/08/09 13:13

_id	fb37
authors	Knight, T.
year	1999
title	Applications in architectural design and education and practice
source	Report for the NSF/MIT Workshop on Shape Computation, Cambridge, Mass., 25-26 April 1999
summary	Shortly after shape grammars were invented by Stiny and Gips, a two part project for shape grammars was outlined by Stiny. In a 1976 paper,1 Stiny described "two exercises in formal composition". These simple exercises became the foundation for the many applications of shape grammars that followed, and suggested the potential of such applications in education and practice. The first exercise showed how shape grammars could be used in original composition, that is, the creation of new design languages or styles from scratch. The second exercise showed how shape grammars could be used to analyze known or existing design languages. Both exercises illustrated the unique characteristics of the shape grammar formalism that helped motivate a quarter century (almost!) of shape grammar work. General but simple, formal yet intuitive: qualities that continue to make shape grammar disciples and confound skeptics. The history of shape grammar applications in architecture and the arts for the two complementary purposes of synthesis and analysis, as well as for a third, joint purpose is sketched in the first section of this report. These three categories of applications do not have rigid boundaries. They are used in this report mostly as a framework for discussion. An overview of the roles of shape grammar applications in education and practice is given in the second section. New and ongoing issues concerning shape grammars in education and practice are discussed in the last section.
series	report
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

_id	840b
authors	Knight, Weissman T.
year	1989
title	Design and Computation
source	August, 1989
summary	Report No. 3: A color grammar that describes the composition and landscaping of Mughul gardens is discussed
keywords	shape grammars
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	eb23
authors	Akin, Omer
year	1981
title	Efficient Computer-User Interface in Electronic Mail Systems
source	Department of Computer Science, April, 1981. ii, 24 p. includes bibliography
summary	This research explores the question of improving user- computer interface. The approach is one of observing and codifying various parameters that influence the efficiency of interface in the context of electronic mail tasks. In the paper the authors observe 'expert' and 'regular' users of a mail system and analyze the sources of efficiency. It is clear that experts use a different, more specialized, set of commands in performing standard mail tasks. While experts perform these tasks with fewer errors and more 'completely,' it is not clear that they achieve this any faster than regular users. Recommendations for design are made
keywords	user interface, protocol analysis
series	CADline
email
last changed	2003/05/17 10:09

_id	c9dc
authors	Avron, Barr and Feigenbaum, Edward A. (editors)
year	1981
title	The Handbook of Artificial Intelligence
source	xiv, 409 p. Stanford, California: HeurisTech Press., 1981. vol. 1 of 3: includes bibliography p.[365]-388 and indexes
summary	Part 1 of a three volume set that contains some 200 articles on AI. Volume 1 discusses the goals of AI research, the history of the field and the current active areas of research. It explains how the book is organized, and the literature of the field. How to access journal articles and technical reports for further reading
keywords	AI
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	barakat_theses_eaea2007
id	barakat_theses_eaea2007
authors	Barakat, Husam
year	2008
title	Analytical Study of the Projects of Students in the Architectural Design - Comparision Between Physical and Digital Models
source	Proceedings of the 8th European Architectural Endoscopy Association Conference
summary	Since its foundation in 1981, Architectural faculty has adopted traditional teaching methods for practical subjects such as architectural design and Urban planning. In these subjects, students submitted their projects and exams on (chanson) and (calk) sheets using various drawing tools. Such tools are still in use by students up to date in manually architectural concept presentation. This comes after the students pass a number of subjects related to art and engineering drawing that help the students in gaining drawing representation and rendering skills.
keywords	architectural concept, traditional teaching, computer technology
series	EAEA
email
more	http://info.tuwien.ac.at/eaea
last changed	2008/04/29 20:46

_id	c0ee
authors	Bentley, Jon L. and Ottmann, Thomas
year	1981
title	The Complexity of Manipulating Hierarchically Defined Sets of Rectangles
source	40 p. : ill. Pittsburgh, PA: Department of Computer Science, CMU., April, 1981. CMU-CS-81-109. includes bibliography
summary	Algorithms that manipulate sets of rectangles are of great practical importance in VLSI design systems and other applications. Although much theoretical work has appeared recently on the complexity of rectangle problems, it has assumed that the inputs are given as a list of rectangles. In this paper the authors study the complexity of rectangle problems when the inputs are given in a hierarchical language that allows the designer to build large designs by replicating small designs. They show that while most of the problems are NP-hard in the general case, there are O(N log N) algorithms that process inputs obeying certain restrictions
keywords	rectangles, algorithms, computational geometry, data structures
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 10:24

_id	4555
authors	Bergland, Glenn D. and Gordon, Ronald D.
year	1981
title	Tutorial : Software Design Strategies.--2nd. ed
source	vi, 479 p. Los Angeles: IEEE Computer Society Press, 1981. includes bibliography and permuted title index p.449-477
summary	A tutorial text attempting to clarify and focus on aspects of software design that have direct effect on the structure of the final program. Several major design strategies are developed and compared, including: traditional forms of functional decomposition, the data structure design method of Michael Jeckson, the data-flow design method of Larry Constantine, and the programming calculus of Edsger Dijkstra. The process of organizing and coordinating the efforts of the design team is also studied especially practices of top-down development, code walkthroughs, and design reviews are presented and evaluated
keywords	software, design, programming, techniques
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	bf5a
authors	Botman, J.J.
year	1981
title	Dynamics of Housing and Planning: A Regional Simulation Model
source	Delft University of Technology - Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht (ISBN 90-247-2499-6)
series	thesis:PhD
email
last changed	2003/02/12 22:37

_id	a6f1
authors	Bridges, A.H.
year	1986
title	Any Progress in Systematic Design?
source	Computer-Aided Architectural Design Futures [CAAD Futures Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-408-05300-3] Delft (The Netherlands), 18-19 September 1985, pp. 5-15
summary	In order to discuss this question it is necessary to reflect awhile on design methods in general. The usual categorization discusses 'generations' of design methods, but Levy (1981) proposes an alternative approach. He identifies five paradigm shifts during the course of the twentieth century which have influenced design methods debate. The first paradigm shift was achieved by 1920, when concern with industrial arts could be seen to have replaced concern with craftsmanship. The second shift, occurring in the early 1930s, resulted in the conception of a design profession. The third happened in the 1950s, when the design methods debate emerged; the fourth took place around 1970 and saw the establishment of 'design research'. Now, in the 1980s, we are going through the fifth paradigm shift, associated with the adoption of a holistic approach to design theory and with the emergence of the concept of design ideology. A major point in Levy's paper was the observation that most of these paradigm shifts were associated with radical social reforms or political upheavals. For instance, we may associate concern about public participation with the 1970s shift and the possible use (or misuse) of knowledge, information and power with the 1980s shift. What has emerged, however, from the work of colleagues engaged since the 1970s in attempting to underpin the practice of design with a coherent body of design theory is increasing evidence of the fundamental nature of a person's engagement with the design activity. This includes evidence of the existence of two distinctive modes of thought, one of which can be described as cognitive modelling and the other which can be described as rational thinking. Cognitive modelling is imagining, seeing in the mind's eye. Rational thinking is linguistic thinking, engaging in a form of internal debate. Cognitive modelling is externalized through action, and through the construction of external representations, especially drawings. Rational thinking is externalized through verbal language and, more formally, through mathematical and scientific notations. Cognitive modelling is analogic, presentational, holistic, integrative and based upon pattern recognition and pattern manipulation. Rational thinking is digital, sequential, analytical, explicatory and based upon categorization and logical inference. There is some relationship between the evidence for two distinctive modes of thought and the evidence of specialization in cerebral hemispheres (Cross, 1984). Design methods have tended to focus upon the rational aspects of design and have, therefore, neglected the cognitive aspects. By recognizing that there are peculiar 'designerly' ways of thinking combining both types of thought process used to perceive, construct and comprehend design representations mentally and then transform them into an external manifestation current work in design theory is promising at last to have some relevance to design practice.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2003/11/21 15:16

_id	91c4
authors	Checkland, P.
year	1981
title	Systems Thinking, Systems Practice
source	John Wiley & Sons, Chichester
summary	Whether by design, accident or merely synchronicity, Checkland appears to have developed a habit of writing seminal publications near the start of each decade which establish the basis and framework for systems methodology research for that decade."" Hamish Rennie, Journal of the Operational Research Society, 1992 Thirty years ago Peter Checkland set out to test whether the Systems Engineering (SE) approach, highly successful in technical problems, could be used by managers coping with the unfolding complexities of organizational life. The straightforward transfer of SE to the broader situations of management was not possible, but by insisting on a combination of systems thinking strongly linked to real-world practice Checkland and his collaborators developed an alternative approach - Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) - which enables managers of all kinds and at any level to deal with the subtleties and confusions of the situations they face. This work established the now accepted distinction between hard systems thinking, in which parts of the world are taken to be systems which can be engineered, and soft systems thinking in which the focus is on making sure the process of inquiry into real-world complexity is itself a system for learning. Systems Thinking, Systems Practice (1981) and Soft Systems Methodology in Action (1990) together with an earlier paper Towards a Systems-based Methodology for Real-World Problem Solving (1972) have long been recognized as classics in the field. Now Peter Checkland has looked back over the three decades of SSM development, brought the account of it up to date, and reflected on the whole evolutionary process which has produced a mature SSM. SSM: A 30-Year Retrospective, here included with Systems Thinking, Systems Practice closes a chapter on what is undoubtedly the most significant single research programme on the use of systems ideas in problem solving. Now retired from full-time university work, Peter Checkland continues his research as a Leverhulme Emeritus Fellow. "
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	avocaad_2001_02
id	avocaad_2001_02
authors	Cheng-Yuan Lin, Yu-Tung Liu
year	2001
title	A digital Procedure of Building Construction: A practical project
source	AVOCAAD - ADDED VALUE OF COMPUTER AIDED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, Nys Koenraad, Provoost Tom, Verbeke Johan, Verleye Johan (Eds.), (2001) Hogeschool voor Wetenschap en Kunst - Departement Architectuur Sint-Lucas, Campus Brussel, ISBN 80-76101-05-1
summary	In earlier times in which computers have not yet been developed well, there has been some researches regarding representation using conventional media (Gombrich, 1960; Arnheim, 1970). For ancient architects, the design process was described abstractly by text (Hewitt, 1985; Cable, 1983); the process evolved from unselfconscious to conscious ways (Alexander, 1964). Till the appearance of 2D drawings, these drawings could only express abstract visual thinking and visually conceptualized vocabulary (Goldschmidt, 1999). Then with the massive use of physical models in the Renaissance, the form and space of architecture was given better precision (Millon, 1994). Researches continued their attempts to identify the nature of different design tools (Eastman and Fereshe, 1994). Simon (1981) figured out that human increasingly relies on other specialists, computational agents, and materials referred to augment their cognitive abilities. This discourse was verified by recent research on conception of design and the expression using digital technologies (McCullough, 1996; Perez-Gomez and Pelletier, 1997). While other design tools did not change as much as representation (Panofsky, 1991; Koch, 1997), the involvement of computers in conventional architecture design arouses a new design thinking of digital architecture (Liu, 1996; Krawczyk, 1997; Murray, 1997; Wertheim, 1999). The notion of the link between ideas and media is emphasized throughout various fields, such as architectural education (Radford, 2000), Internet, and restoration of historical architecture (Potier et al., 2000). Information technology is also an important tool for civil engineering projects (Choi and Ibbs, 1989). Compared with conventional design media, computers avoid some errors in the process (Zaera, 1997). However, most of the application of computers to construction is restricted to simulations in building process (Halpin, 1990). It is worth studying how to employ computer technology meaningfully to bring significant changes to concept stage during the process of building construction (Madazo, 2000; Dave, 2000) and communication (Haymaker, 2000).In architectural design, concept design was achieved through drawings and models (Mitchell, 1997), while the working drawings and even shop drawings were brewed and communicated through drawings only. However, the most effective method of shaping building elements is to build models by computer (Madrazo, 1999). With the trend of 3D visualization (Johnson and Clayton, 1998) and the difference of designing between the physical environment and virtual environment (Maher et al. 2000), we intend to study the possibilities of using digital models, in addition to drawings, as a critical media in the conceptual stage of building construction process in the near future (just as the critical role that physical models played in early design process in the Renaissance). This research is combined with two practical building projects, following the progress of construction by using digital models and animations to simulate the structural layouts of the projects. We also tried to solve the complicated and even conflicting problems in the detail and piping design process through an easily accessible and precise interface. An attempt was made to delineate the hierarchy of the elements in a single structural and constructional system, and the corresponding relations among the systems. Since building construction is often complicated and even conflicting, precision needed to complete the projects can not be based merely on 2D drawings with some imagination. The purpose of this paper is to describe all the related elements according to precision and correctness, to discuss every possibility of different thinking in design of electric-mechanical engineering, to receive feedback from the construction projects in the real world, and to compare the digital models with conventional drawings.Through the application of this research, the subtle relations between the conventional drawings and digital models can be used in the area of building construction. Moreover, a theoretical model and standard process is proposed by using conventional drawings, digital models and physical buildings. By introducing the intervention of digital media in design process of working drawings and shop drawings, there is an opportune chance to use the digital media as a prominent design tool. This study extends the use of digital model and animation from design process to construction process. However, the entire construction process involves various details and exceptions, which are not discussed in this paper. These limitations should be explored in future studies.
series	AVOCAAD
email
last changed	2005/09/09 10:48

_id	a8ca
authors	Courtieux, Gerard
year	1981
title	Man Machine Interface Problems in Computer Aided Architectural Design
source	1981. pp. 231-250 : ill. includes bibliography. -- discussion (pp. 247-250)
summary	The author and two other researchers conducted a world-wide survey of existing computer aided architectural design programs in 1978. The purpose of the survey was to validate an earlier study of the architectural design process and to investigate problem areas in Computer Aided Architectural Design (CAAD). The survey indicated that two problems of man machine interaction in CAAD, though partly solved, remain a challenge for computer scientists: the description and graphical representation of three-dimensional objects. The formalization of the information collected in the survey, together with the experience of the author in teaching computer graphics to architecture students for the past ten years, is used to give some insight in these two problems and to make some recommendations for the improvement of the man machine interface in CAAD
keywords	architecture, CAD, user interface
series	CADline
last changed	1999/02/12 15:07

_id	sigradi2009_1044
id	sigradi2009_1044
authors	Cruz, Débora Melo; Gabriela Celani
year	2009
title	A influência de Frank Lloyd Wright sobre João Batista Vilanova Artigas – uma análise formal [The Influence of Frank Lloyd Wright on João Batista Vilanova Artigas - A Formal Analysis]
source	SIGraDi 2009 - Proceedings of the 13th Congress of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics, Sao Paulo, Brazil, November 16-18, 2009
summary	This study intends to propose a new use of the shape grammar: verify the influence of a certain architect’s language over another architect’s language. Some Brazilian modern architecture critics suggest the existence of an influence of Wright’s prairie houses over Artigas’ early work, but the methods used to reach to this conclusion are always empirical and not very objective. The present work aims to confirm this influence in a more rational manner, comparing Wright’s prairie houses grammar developed by Koning and Eizenberg (1981) to Artigas’ first phase grammar that will developed in this work.
keywords	Gramática da forma; F. L. Wright; J. V. Artigas
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:49

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