Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	b47b
authors	Callender, John Hancock (Ed.)
year	1982
title	Time Saver Standards for Architectural Design Data
source	McGraw Hill Book. Co., Sixth Ed.
summary	From Book News, Inc. The latest version of the venerable reference first published in 1946 and most recently in 1982. Considers such aspects as bioclimate design, life-cycle costing, the building shell, architectural ethics, superstructure, acoustics, construction materials technology, daylighting, environmentally responsible design, and evaluating building performance. A special section features design data formatted according to the Uniformat II classification system, offering easy access to preliminary design and specification by building component, assemble, and place in the system of construction. Useful for any professional in the architecture, design, or construction fields. Book News, Inc.(r), Portland. Book Description Our biggest database of ready-to-use architectural design details ever. A classic reference for over 50 years. Time-Saver Standards for Architectural Design Data, edited by Donald Watson, Michael J. Crosbie, and John Hancock Callender, is the all-in-one desktop database that helps you work faster and smarter with instant design details-ready to incorporate into your architectural drawings the moment you need them. Now in a completely revised and updated seventh edition, this time-saving resource...
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	adcd
authors	Cohen, Paol R. and Feigenbaum, Edward A. (editors)
year	1982
title	The Handbook of Artificial Intelligence
source	xviii, 639 p. Stanford, California: HeurisTech Press, 1982. vol. 3: See The Handbook of Artificial intelligence edited by Avron, Barr and Feigenbaum, Edward. Includes bibliography p. 565-586 and cumulative indexes
summary	Part of three volumes, this volume contains chapters on models of cognition, automatic deduction, vision, learning and planning
keywords	AI, deduction, learning, cognition, planning
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	e7b8
authors	Dahl, Veronica
year	1983
title	Logic Programming as a Representation of Knowledge
source	IEEE Computer. IEEE Computer Society, October, 1983. vol. 16: pp. 106-110 : ill. includes bibliography
summary	Logic has traditionally provided a firm conceptual framework for representing knowledge. As it can formally deal with the notion of logical consequence, the introduction of Prolog has made it possible to represent knowledge in terms of logic and also to expect appropriate inferences to be drawn from it automatically. This article illustrates and explores these ideas with respect to two central representational issues: problem solving knowledge and database knowledge. The technical aspects of both subjects have been covered elsewhere (Kowalski, R. Logic for problem solving, North- Holland pub. 1979 ; Dahl, V. on database system development through logic ACM Trans.vol.7/no.3/Mar.1982 pp.102). This explanation uses simple, nontechnical terms
keywords	PROLOG, knowledge, representation, logic, programming, problem solving, database
series	CADline
last changed	1999/02/12 15:08

_id	46ba
authors	Hille, R.F. and Higginbotham, T.F.
year	1982
title	A Pascal Implementation of a Display System for Pascal Programs
source	10 p. Wollongong: Department of Computing Science, University of Wollongong, February, 1982. includes bibliography --- Cover title: A display system for Pascal programs written in Pascal
summary	A description is given of the design and implementation of a Pascal program for the stepwise visible execution of other Pascal programs. This system operates at the source code level by inserting additional statements into the user program. This additional code causes the stepwise execution of the user program, as well as the display of the statement currently executed together with variables whose values have just changed. This system is intended as both a teaching aid and a debugging aid. It enables the user to investigate the dynamic properties of his program
keywords	programming, PASCAL, display, education
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	aed6
authors	Hofstadter, Douglas R.
year	1982
title	Metafont, Metamathematics, and Metaphysics
source	23, [38] p. : ill. Bloomington: Computer Science Department, Indiana University, december, 1982. Technical report No. 136. includes bibliography.--- Comments on Donald Knuth's Article 'The Concept of a Meta-Font.' --- See also Donald Knuth's 'The Concept of a Meta-Font,' Visible Language, (Winter 1982), vol. XVI, no. 1, pp. 3-27
summary	It is argued that readers are likely to carry away from Donald Knuth's article 'The Concept of a Meta-Font' a falsely optimistic view of the extent to which the design of typefaces and letterforms can be mechanized through an approach depending on describing letterforms by specifying the settings of a large number of parameters. Through a comparison to mathematical logic, it is argued that no such set of parameters can capture the essence of any semantic category. Some different ways of thinking about the problem of the 'spirit' residing behind any letterform are suggested, connecting to current research issues in the field of artificial intelligence
keywords	languages, AI, parametrization
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	ab39
authors	Kutay, Ali R.
year	1982
title	Abstractions and Transactions : A Solution for Structuring Complex Applications
source	March, 1982. [1] l, 14 p. includes bibliography
summary	In database systems when large applications are supported, their representation becomes a problem. A proposed model is to use the transaction concept and structure a large application as a nested transaction. This paper proposes to take advantage of abstraction techniques to avoid problems related to nested transactions. It first reviews the transition concept and restates the shortcomings. It then briefly states the available abstraction techniques in databases. It proposes to integrate transactions with abstraction levels and provide communication between the transactions instead of nesting them. It is argued that such a solution presents a better structure for applications and possible integration with abstract data types
keywords	abstraction, relational database, building
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	maver_109
id	maver_109
authors	Maver, T.W. and Schijf R.
year	1982
title	International Implementation of a CAAD Project
summary	With funding from the European Cultural Committee, work is in hand to develop a modular course structure which will promote CAAD education in Schools of Architecture throughout Europe. The paper identifies the need for the course structure and describes the pilot work jointly carried out by the University of Strathclyded the Technical University of Delft. The course structure proposed in the paper will be the focus of discussion and elaboration at a meeting of European Schools of Architecture scheduled for October 1982, in Delft.
series	other
email
last changed	2003/09/03 15:36

_id	2f43
authors	Maver, T.W. and Schijf, R.
year	1982
title	International Implementation of a CAAD Project in Schools of Architecture
source	October, 1982. [14] p. : ill. includes bibliography
summary	With funding from the European Cultural Committee, work is in hand to develop a modular course structure which will promote CAAD education in Schools of Architecture throughout Europe. The paper identifies the need for the course structure and describes the pilot work jointly carried out by the University of Strathclyde and the Technical University of Delft. The course structure proposed in the paper will be the focus of discussion and elaboration at the meeting of European Schools of Architecture
keywords	CAD, architecture, education
series	CADline
email
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	7c99
authors	Maver, T.W.
year	1982
title	The Impact of Computer Based Models on Design Decision-Making
source	Chapter in Rebuild, (Ed: R Derricott et al) Wiley, 95-141
series	other
email
last changed	2003/06/02 15:00

_id	4bae
authors	Rasdorf, William J. and Kutay, Ali R.
year	1982
title	Maintenance of Integrity During Concurrent Access in a Building Design Database
source	Computer Aided Design. Butterworth Scientific Ltd., July, 1982. vol. 14: pp. 201-207. includes bibliography
summary	This paper proposes a building design database model that insures database integrity in a highly flexible relational structure while supporting disciplinary and interdisciplinary concurrent use. The model strongly supports designer-database interaction by providing extremely versatile data access mechanisms and an associated concurrency control mechanism. Building design components are represented in terms of their location, their attribute values, and combinations of the two. Both the logical and physical database models are illustrated. The relational model is vital for achieving the greatest flexibility in representing and accessing building design data. Its standard relations are ideal for information representation. In addition, the operators provided by the model enable the engineer to readily restructure the database to support building design needs. This paper introduces a database structuring mechanism referred to as catalogs. Catalogs provide a highly versatile mechanism for accessing database information by grouping building components into data units called modules. The modules provide convenient access to multiple design entities. Also included is a protection relation that provides a concurrency control environment for the catalog relations. The module concept is particularly important in design because it enables the ad hoc groupings of data which are so often necessary to support the design process. The module is recommended as the level to which a locking concurrency control mechanism be applied. It is a small enough data unit to support concurrency for interdisciplinary design activities, yet not so small as to require extensive overhead in the concurrency control implementation. Two different modes of locking are recommended for the catalog relations of a building design database to achieve maximum concurrency and efficiency of access by designers
keywords	database, concurrency, access, constraints management
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	2786
authors	Woodwark, J.R.
year	1989
title	Splitting Set-Theoretic Solid Models into Connected Components
source	10 p. : ill. Winchester: IBM UK Scientific Center, IBM United Kingdom Laboratories Limited, June, 1989. IBM UKSC 210. includes bibliography In general, there is no way to tell how many pieces (connected components) a set-theoretic (CSG) solid model represents, except via conversion to a boundary model. Recent work on the elimination of redundant primitives has been linked with techniques for identifying connected components in quad-trees and oct-trees into a strategy to attack this problem. Some success has been achieved, and an experimental Prolog program, working in two dimensions, that finds connected components and determines the set-theoretic representation of each component, is reported, and further developments proposed. CSG / quadtree / octree / primitives / algorithms. 43. Woodwark, J. R. and Quinlan K. M. 'Reducing the Effect of Complexity on Volume Model Evaluation.' Computer Aided Design. April, 1982. pp. 89-95 : ill. includes bibliography.
summary	A major problem with volume modelling systems is that processing times may increase with model complexity in a worse than linear fashion. The authors have addressed this problem, for picture generation, by repeatedly dividing the space occupied by a model, and evaluating the sub-models created only when they meet a criterion of simplicity. Hidden surface elimination has been integrated with evaluation, in such a way that major portions of the model which are not visible are never evaluated. An example demonstrates a better than linear relationship between model complexity and computation time, and also shows the effect of picture complexity on the performance of the process
keywords	CAD, computational geometry, solid modeling, geometric modeling, algorithms, hidden surfaces, CSG
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	0107
authors	Akin, Omer and Weinel, Eleanor F. (editors)
year	1982
title	Representation and Architecture
source	v, 285 p. : ill. Silver Spring, Maryland: Information Dynamics, Inc., 1982
summary	A collection of papers developed from the proceeding of the Northeastern Regional meeting of the Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture (ACSA), held at the Department of Architecture, Carnegie Mellon University. The introduction includes articles about representation, representation and architecture. Part 1, Who/To Whom speaks about representation and participatory design process, and of a system for recording behavior and occupying of design. Part 2, How: includes Figure, System and Memory, the Process of Design ; Representation and Creativity in Architecture and Miniature Substitutes. Part 3, With What :Information and Data Base in Design : the Computer as a Design Medium, Slides Talk and Translation
keywords	design process, representation, architecture, creativity
series	CADline
email
last changed	2003/05/17 10:09

_id	8a88
authors	Anderson, David P.
year	1982
title	Hidden Line Elimination in Projected Grid Surfaces
source	ACM Transactions on Graphics. October, 1982. vol. 1: pp. 274-288 : ill. includes a short bibliography
summary	The hidden line and hidden surface problems are simpler when restricted to special classes of objects. An example is the class of grid surfaces, that is, graphs of bivariate functions represented by their values on a set of grid points. Projected grid surfaces have geometric properties which permit hidden line or hidden surface elimination to be done more easily than in the general case. These properties are discussed in this paper, and an algorithm is given which exploits them
keywords	algorithms, hidden lines, hidden surfaces, grids, computer graphics
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 10:24

_id	843d
authors	Avron, Barr and Feigenbaum, Edward A. (editors)
year	1982
title	The Handbook of Artificial Intelligence
source	xiii, 428 p. Stanford, California: Heuristech Press, 1982. vol. 2 of 3: Includes bibliography p.383-402 and indexes
summary	Part 2 of a three vol. work. This vol covers: AI programming languages, the kinds of programming languages suitable for AI, features and environments developed that were developed for its purpose. Expert systems in science, medicine and education. The last chapters reviews automatic programming
keywords	AI, programming, languages, expert systems, automation
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	4763
authors	Balas, Egon
year	1982
title	Integer Programming
source	December, 1982. 32 p
summary	Includes bibliography. This is an introductory survey of integer programming, its theory, methodology and applications, for the Encyclopedia of Statistical Sciences
keywords	integer programming, operations research
series	CADline
last changed	1999/02/12 15:07

_id	2045
authors	Balas, Egon
year	1982
title	A Class of Location, Distribution and Scheduling Problems : Modeling and Solution Methods
source	21 p., 8 + 4 p. of appendix : ill. Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA: Design Research Center, December, 1982. includes bibliography
summary	Discusses the potential of set covering techniques. Illustrates problem formulation techniques on several important classes of real-world problems. Also describes a class of algorithms for solving set covering problems, based on cutting planes, heuristics and subgradient optimization
keywords	problem solving, methods, algorithms, problem definition, modeling, optimization, operations research
series	CADline
last changed	1999/02/12 15:07

_id	a426
authors	Barsky, Brian A. and Greenberg, Donald P.
year	1982
title	Interactive Surface Representation System Using a B-spline Formulation with Interpolation Capability
source	computer Aided Design. July, 1982. vol. 14: pp. 187-194 : col.ill. includes bibliography
summary	An interactive surface representation system is described which uses a parametric uniform bicubic B-spline formulation which can describe a surface initially defined to interpolate a specified network of points
keywords	CAD, curved surfaces, computational geometry, interpolation, B-splines
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	898a
authors	Bay, J.H.
year	2002
title	Cognitive Biases and Precedent Knowledge in Human and Computer-Aided Design Thinking
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2002.213
source	CAADRIA 2002 [Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 983-2473-42-X] Cyberjaya (Malaysia) 18–20 April 2002, pp. 213-220
summary	Cognitive biases (illusions) and potential errors can occur when using precedent knowledge for analogical, pre-parametric and qualitative design thinking. This paper refers largely to part of a completed research (Bay 2001) on how heuristic biases, discussed by Tversky and Kahneman (1982) in cognitive psychology, can affect judgement and learning of facts from precedents in architectural design, made explicit using a kernel of conceptual system (Tzonis et. al., 1978) and a framework of architectural representation (Tzonis 1992). These are used here to consider how such illusions and errors may be transferred to computer aided design thinking.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	cf2003_m_040
id	cf2003_m_040
authors	BAY, Joo-Hwa
year	2003
title	Making Rebuttals Available Digitally for Minimising Biases in Mental Judgements
source	Digital Design - Research and Practice [Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 1-4020-1210-1] Tainan (Taiwan) 13–15 October 2003, pp. 147-156
summary	The problem of heuristic biases (illusions) discussed by Tversky and Kahneman (1982) that can lead to errors in judgement by human designers, when they use precedent knowledge presented graphically (Bay 2001). A Cognitive framework of belief, goal, and decision, and a framework of representation of architectural knowledge by Tzonis are used to map out the problem of heuristic biases in the human mind. These are used to discuss what aspects of knowledge can be presented explicitly and digitally to users to make rebuttal more available for human thinking at the cognitive level. The discussion is applicable to both inductive and analytic digital knowledge systems that use precedent knowledge. This discussion is targeted directly at means of addressing bias in the human mind using digital means. The problem of human bias in machine learning and generalisation are discussed in a different paper, and the problems of international or non-intentional machine bias are not part of discussion in this paper.
keywords	analogy, bias, design thinking, environmental design, heuristics
series	CAAD Futures
last changed	2003/11/22 07:26

_id	1b10
id	1b10
authors	Bay, Joo-Hwa
year	2001
title	Cognitive Biases - The case of tropical architecture
source	Delft University of Technology
summary	This dissertation investigates, i) How cognitive biases (or illusions) may lead to errors in design thinking, ii) Why architects use architectural precedents as heuristics despite such possible errors, and iii) Develops a design tool that can overcome this type of errors through the introduction of a rebuttal mechanism. The mechanism controls biases and improves accuracy in architectural thinking. // The research method applied is interdisciplinary. It employs knowledge from cognitive science, environmental engineering, and architectural theory. The case study approach is also used. The investigation is made in the case of tropical architecture. The investigation of architectural biases draws from work by A. Tversky and D. Kahneman in 1982 on “Heuristics and biases”. According to Tversky and Kahneman, the use of heuristics of representativeness (based on similarity) and availability (based on ease of recall and imaginability) for judgement of probability can result in cognitive biases of illusions of validity and biases due to imaginability respectively. This theory can be used analogically to understand how errors arise in the judgement of environmental behaviour anticipated from various spatial configurations, leading to designs with dysfunctional performances when built. Incomplete information, limited time, and human mental resources make design thinking in practice difficult and impossible to solve. It is not possible to analyse all possible alternative solutions, multiple contingencies, and multiple conflicting demands, as doing so will lead to combinatorial explosion. One of the ways to cope with the difficult design problem is to use precedents as heuristic devices, as shortcuts in design thinking, and at the risk of errors. This is done with analogical, pre-parametric, and qualitative means of thinking, without quantitative calculations. Heuristics can be efficient and reasonably effective, but may not always be good enough or even correct, because they can have associated cognitive biases that lead to errors. Several debiasing strategies are discussed, and one possibility is to introduce a rebuttal mechanism to refocus the designer’s thinking on the negative and opposite outcomes in his judgements, in order to debias these illusions. The research is carried out within the framework of design theory developed by the Design Knowledge System Research Centre, TUDelft. This strategy is tested with an experiment. The results show that the introduction of a rebuttal mechanism can debias and improve design judgements substantially in environmental control. The tool developed has possible applications in design practice and education, and in particular, in the designing of sustainable environments.
keywords	Design bias; Design knowledge; Design rebuttal; Design Precedent; Pre-parametric design; Tropical architecture; Sustainability
series	thesis:PhD
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2006/05/28 07:42

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