Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	8b29
id	8b29
authors	Chaszar, A. (ed.), Burry, M., Eliassen, T., Garofalo, D., Glymph, J., Hesselgren, L., Jonkhans, N., Kienzl, N., Kloft, H., Maher, A., Mueller, V., Palmer, A., Reuss, S., Schuler, M., Schwitter, C., Sharples, C., Sharples, W., Shea, K., Stoller, P., Takemori, T., Woodger, N.
year	2006
title	Blurring the Lines: Computer-Aided-Design and -Manufacturing in Architecture
source	Wiley-Academy, London 224 pp. Architecture in Practice series
summary	The first few years of the 21st century have seen a revolution in the ways that we think about designing and making buildings. In no other area is this more apparent than in the interface of computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacture (CAM). The potential blurring or assimilation of these two systems holds the still elusive but golden promise of a direct, smooth transference of design data into large-scale production facilities in which components are directly cut, modelled and moulded. How far off are we from seeing the widespread adoption of this technology? What is the potential for CAD/CAM beyond tailor-made forms? In the future, what is the possibility of complex, large-scale forms being run out in mass-customised buildings?
keywords	associative geometry, auralization, CNC, collaborative design, generative design, parametric design, simulation, visualization
series	book
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2006/06/12 23:35

_id	cf2003_m_034
id	cf2003_m_034
authors	DING, L, LIEW, P.-S., MAHER, M.-L., GERO, J.S. and DROGEMULLER, R.
year	2003
title	Integrating CAD and 3D Virtual Worlds Using Agents and EDM
source	Digital Design - Research and Practice [Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 1-4020-1210-1] Tainan (Taiwan) 13–15 October 2003, pp. 301-312
summary	This paper develops an overall architecture for integrating CAD and virtual worlds. The advantages of having access to the building model in a virtual world include the collaborative nature of the world. The EDM database as an object-oriented database is developed to establish a common object-oriented representation of building model, which can be accessed by both CAD systems and virtual worlds. The integration between CAD systems and an EDM database is implemented through the use of Industry Foundation Classes (IFCs) as an intermediate data model and the communication between the database and virtual worlds is developed through agents.
keywords	agents, IFC, virtual world
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2003/09/22 12:21

_id	f5fa
authors	Fenves, S., Flemming, U., Hendrickson, C., Maher, M.L., Quadrel, R., Terk, M. and Woodbury, R.
year	1994
title	Concurrent Computer-Aided Integrated Building Design
source	Prentice Hall, Inc. Englewood Cliffs, NJ
summary	This monograph assesses the means by which building design can be achieved in a more rapid and integrated fashion through the use of advanced computer aids.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	f586
authors	Gabriel, G. and Maher, M.L.
year	2000
title	Analysis of design communication with and without computer mediation
source	Proceedings of Co-designing 2000, pp. 329-337
summary	With recent developments in CAD and communication technologies, the way we visualise and communicate design representations is changing. A matter of great interest to architects, practitioners and researchers alike, is how computer technology might affect the way they think and work. The concern is not about the notion of 'support' alone, but about ensuring that computers do not disrupt the design process and collaborative activity already going on (Bannon and Schmidt, 1991). Designing new collaborative tools will then have to be guided by a better understanding of how collaborative work is accomplished and by understanding what resources the collaborators use and what hindrances they encounter in their work (Finholt et al., 1990). Designing, as a more abstract notion, is different than having a business meeting using video conferencing. In design it is more important to 'see' what is being discussed rather than 'watch' the other person(s) involved in the discussion. In other words the data being conveyed might be of more importance than the method with which it is communicated (See Kvan, 1994). Similarly, we believe that by using text instead of audio as a medium for verbal communication, verbal representations can then be recorded alongside graphical representations for later retrieval and use. In this paper we present the results of a study on collaborative design in three different environments: face-to-face (FTF), computer-mediated using video conferencing (CMCD-a), and computer-mediated using "talk by typing" (CMCD-b). The underlying aim is to establish a clearer notion of the collaborative needs of architects using computer-mediation. In turn this has the potential in assisting developers when designing new collaborative tools and in assisting designers when selecting an environment for a collaborative session.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

_id	0eae
authors	Gero, J.S. and Kazakov, V.
year	1999
title	Using analogy to extend the behaviour state space in creative design
source	J.S. Gero and M.L. Maher (Eds.), Computational Models of Creative Design IV, Key Centre of Design Computing and Cognition, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia, pp. 113-143
summary	We propose an exploration model of design based on the extension of the space of design behaviours using analogy. The analogy is drawn on the basis of structure similarity or structure and behaviour similarity between source and target designs. New behaviours are introduced from the source design. This paper describes such a process and discusses its significance for creative design.
keywords	Creative Design, Behaviour Analogy
series	other
email
last changed	2003/04/06 09:15

_id	c91a
authors	Gero, J.S. and Kazakov, V.
year	1999
title	Adapting evolutionary computing for exploration in creative designing
source	J.S. Gero and M.L. Maher (Eds.), Computational Models of Creative Design IV, Key Centre of Design Computing and Cognition, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia, pp. 175-186
summary	This paper introduces a modification to genetic algorithms which provides computational support to creative designing by adaptively exploring design structure spaces. This modification is based on the re-interpretation of the GA's crossover as a random sampling of interpolations and its replacement with the random sampling of direct phenotype-phenotype interpolation and phenotype-phenotype extrapolation. Examples of the process are presented
keywords	Creative Design, Evolutionary Computation
series	other
email
last changed	2003/04/06 09:11

_id	ead7
authors	Gero, J.S. and Schnier, T.
year	1995
title	Evolving representations of design cases and their use in creative design
source	J.S. Gero, M.L. Maher and F. Sudweeks (eds), Preprints Computational Models of Creative Design , Key Centre of Design Computing, University of Sydney, pp. 343-368
summary	In case-based design, the adaptation of a design case to new design requirements plays an important role. If it is sufficient to adapt a predefined set of design parameters, the task is easily automated. If, however, more far-reaching, creative changes are required, current systems provide only limited success. This paper describes an approach to creative design adaptation based on the notion of creativity as 'goal oriented shift of focus of a search process'. An evolving representation is used to restructure the search space so that designs similar to the example case lie in the focus of the search. This focus is than used as a starting point to generate new designs.
series	other
email
last changed	2003/04/06 15:22

_id	2d1a
authors	Gero, John S. and Jun, Han J.
year	1995
title	Visual semantic emergence to support creative design: A computational view
source	J.S. Gero, M. L. Maher and F. Sudweeks (eds), Preprints Computational Models of Creative Design , University of Sydney, pp. 87-117
summary	One computational model of creative designing involves the introduction of new variables or schemas into the designing process. This paper describes and elaborates an approach where an emergence process is used to emerge visual semantics features in a design as it proceeds. In particular visual symmetry, visual rhythm, visual movement and visual balance are emerged. The processes of emergence introduce new variables into the design process. Emergence becomes one of the computational processes capable of playing a role in creative designing.
series	other
email
last changed	2003/04/06 15:34

_id	3ba0
authors	Gu, N. and Maher, M.L
year	2001
title	Designing Virtual Architecture: From Place to User Centred Design
source	International Journal of Design Computing, vol 4
summary	The internet and the World Wide Web have entered our daily lives and networked environments have become an important extension of our living environment. The effect of this is the definition of the place around us is expanded. Through the use of an architectural metaphor, we are now considering the use of place as a basis for organising our virtual environment and therefore raises the need for principles and models for designing virtual architecture. Virtual Architecture, or as others call it virtual worlds or cyberspace, interprets, represents and designs the World Wide Web as a place, which supports an extended range of online individual and collaborative activities. Different platforms currently in use for designing and implementing virtual architecture aim at providing 3D virtual worlds as the design outcome. This common aim has an emphasis on the visualisation of virtual architecture, resulting in an emphasis on the design of 3D place-like forms. In this article we present a range of development issues that lead us to change the focus from the design of place-centric to user-centric virtual architecture.
series	journal paper
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	37b4
authors	Gu, N. and Maher, M.L.
year	2001
title	Architectural design of a virtual campus
source	Y-T. Liu (ed.), Defining Digital Architecture, Dialogue, pp. 158-161
summary	The design of a virtual campus, while considering the role of technology in education, also can be influenced by the of place that more traditional architectural design provides. This approach need not result in a virtual campus that looks like a physical building, the main concept is to intricately link learning with an experience in a place with other people.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

_id	caadria2007_127
id	caadria2007_127
authors	Gu, Ning; L.F. Gül, M.L. Maher
year	2007
title	Designing within the Design: A Pedagogical Case Study of 3D Virtual Worlds in Design Education
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2007.x.o1v
source	CAADRIA 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Nanjing (China) 19-21 April 2007
summary	Within most architecture and design schools, 3D virtual worlds are traditionally perceived and used as a CAAD tool for modelling and collaboration. Building on the understanding of virtual worlds as the extension of our physical environments where people can inhabit and participate in a variety of activities, we teach designing virtual worlds as a design subject which considers 3D virtual worlds as a different kind of environment design other than a technical tool for supporting design simulation and collaboration. This paper reports on our teaching experience, as well as discusses the principles for designing and teaching in 3D virtual worlds.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	454c
authors	Jun, H. and Gero, J.S.
year	1997
title	Representation, re-representation and emergence in collaborative computer-aided design
source	Maher, M.L., Gero, J.S. and Sudweeks, F. (eds), Preprints Formal Aspects of Collaborative Computer-Aided Design, Key Centre of Design Computing, University of Sydney, Sydney, pp. 303-320
summary	Representation of drawings in CAD systems can cause problems during design collaboration. The notion of re-representation is proposed as one way of addressing these problems. Furthermore, re-representation is one way of allowing emergence to occur; emergence is an important aspect of collaborative computer-mediated design. Based on the concept of re-representation a model for collaborative CAD supporting emergence is presented and an example is demonstrated.
keywords	Representation, Emergence, Collaborative CAD
series	journal paper
email
last changed	2003/05/15 21:33

_id	03af
authors	Kvan, Th., Schmitt, G., Maher, M.L. and Cheng, N.
year	2000
title	Teaching Architectural Design in Virtual Studios
source	Computing in Civil and Building Engineering, Renate Fruchter, Feniosky Pena-Mora and W. M. Kim Roddis, ASCE 2000, pp. 162–169
summary	Virtual studios have provided a valuable content in which to explore and test approaches to both collaborative design and pedagogy. While there has been extensive earlier experience in virtual campuses; not least that at The Open University in England; virtual design studios have explored a different nature of collaboration and interaction; shedding light on a new range of tasks and methods. These lessons have been applied in many fields. For example; the lessons have been used to understand the nature of collaboration. Most directly; they have been applied to the context of teaching design and understanding better how students learn to design. The change in technology can open up new opportunities in what is taught; not only how it is taught. Most broadly; they have been taken in to consideration in the creation of virtual campuses for broader university teaching. All these aspects are explored in this paper.
keywords	Pedagogy; Learning; Virtual Studio; Collaboration
series	journal paper
email
last changed	2002/11/15 18:29

_id	789d
authors	Kvan, Th., West, R. and Vera, A.
year	1997
title	Tools for a Virtual Design Community
source	Preprints Formal Aspects of Collaborative CAD, ed. M. L. Maher, J. S. Gero & F. Sudweeks, Sydney: Key Centre of Design Computing, Department of Architectural and Design Science, University of Sydney, pp. 109-123
summary	This paper proposes a methodology to evaluate the effects of computer-mediated communication on collaboratively solving design problems. When setting up a virtual design community; choices must be made between a variety of tools; choices dictated by budget; bandwidth; ability and availability. How do you choose between the tools; which is useful and how will each affect the outcome of the design exchanges you plan? A commonly used method is to analyze the work done and to identify tools which support this type of work. In general; research on the effects of computer-mediation on collaborative work has concentrated mainly on social-psychological factors such as deindividuation and attitude polarization; and used qualitative methods. In contrast; we propose to examine the process of collaboration itself; focusing on separating those component processes which primarily involve individual work from those that involve genuine interaction. Extending the cognitive metaphor of the brain as a computer; we view collaboration in terms of a network process; and examine issues of control; coordination; and delegation to separate sub-processors. Through this methodology we attempt to separate the individual problem-solving component from the larger process of collaboration.
keywords	CSCW; Group Work; Design; Expertise; Collaboration; Novice
series	other
email
last changed	2002/11/15 18:29

_id	c9cf
authors	Logan, B. and Smithers, T.
year	1993
title	Creativity and design as exploration
source	J.S. Gero and M. L. Maher (eds), Modelling Creativity and Knowledge-Based Creative Design, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 139-175
summary	This paper considers the problem of creative design, and in particular the role of a priori knowledge or "prototypes" in the design process. A design problem is characterised as one in which both the objectives and the means available for achieving these objectives are (of necessity) initially only poorly defined. Some observations concerning the nature of design process based on this characterisation are presented, and a model of the design process as a knowledge-based exploration task described. The role of prototypes in organising this knowledge is examined, and the widely accepted view that prototypes can form the principle source of knowledge for creativity in design is challenged. In a final section we outline the structural principles of a representation scheme which aims to overcome of these difficulties and describe a design support system which uses this scheme to support the design process.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	0297
authors	Maher, M-L., Simoff, J. and Cicognani, A.
year	1999
title	Understanding Virtual Design Studios
source	Springer, London
summary	Understanding Virtual Design Studios examines the issues involved in setting up and running a virtual design studio. Rather than focusing on the technology or how to apply it, the reader is presented with an interdisciplinary framework for understanding, organising, running and improving virtual design studios both in professional and educational practice. The authors assess the potential benefits, such as improved creativity and collaboration, and highlight the areas in which our understanding needs to improve; How people collaborate in an environment where interaction is mediated by shared computer resources; How to organise and manage a distributed workspace efficiently; How people represent and communicate design ideas in an electronic form. Of interest to both design professionals and researchers interested in computer-mediated collaboration, this volume will also be of interest to anyone who needs a clear picture of what this new technology can do for them
series	other
email
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	f5a3
authors	Maher, M.L. and Gomez de Silva Garza, A.
year	1996
title	Developing case-based reasoning for structural design
source	IEEE Expert
summary	Case-based systems enable users to retrieve previously known designs from memory and adapt them to fit the current design problem. The four case-based design systems described here illustrate how various implementations achieve design assistance or design automation objectives. Case-based reasoning is a problem-solving technique that makes analogies between a problem and previously encountered situations (cases) relevant to solving the problem. Using CBR as a design process model involves the subtasks of recalling previously known designs from memory and adapting these design cases or subcases to fit the current design context. The detailed development of this process model for a particular design domain proceeds in parallel with the development of the case representation, the case memory organization, and the necessary design knowledge. The selection of an information representation paradigm and the details of its use for a problem-solving domain depend on the intended use of the information, the project information available, and the nature of the domain. CBR could be used to develop and implement a CBR system. Although that sounds circular, if CBR is a viable approach to problem solving, it can be applied to the development of the reasoning system itself. Toward that end, this article presents four "cases" of case-based building design systems that we've developed at the University of Sydney: CaseCAD, CADsyn, Win, and Demex. These systems exemplify alternative case memory contents and organizations and provide insight into different potential implementations of the recall and adaptation subprocesses.
series	journal paper
email
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	62a1
authors	Maher, M.L. and Poon, J.
year	1996
title	Modelling design exploration as co-evolution
source	Microcomputers in Civil Engineering, 11:192-207
summary	Most computer-based design tools assume designers work with a well defined problem. However, this assumption has been challenged by current research. The explorative aspect of design, especially during conceptual design, is not fully addressed. This paper introduces a model for problem-design exploration, and how this model can be implemented using the genetic algorithm (GA) paradigm. The basic GA, which does not support our exploration model, evaluates individuals from a population of design solutions with an unchanged fitness function. This approach to evaluation implements search with a prefixed goal. Modifications to the basic GA are required to support exploration. Two approaches to implement a co-evolving GA are presented and discussed in this paper: one in which the fitness function is represented within the genotype, and a second in which the fitness function is modelled as a separately evolving population of genotypes.
series	journal paper
email
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

_id	290c
authors	Maher, M.L. and Simoff, S.
year	1999
title	Variations on a Virtual Design Studio in J-P. Barthes
source	Z. Lin and M. Ramos (eds) Proceedings of Fourth International Workshop on CSCW in Design, Universite de Technologie de Compiegne, pp.159-165
summary	There are numerous approaches and techniques for setting up an environment for collaborative design. The most common approach is to extend the desktop environment to include tools for meeting and sharing files. This approach takes the individual work environment and adds tools for communicating with others. An alternative approach is to create a virtual world environment in which the collaborators meet, work, and organise their projects. This approach differs conceptually because it creates a sense of place that is unique to the project, sort of a shared office space. A variation on this approach is to create a virtual world that is the model of the product being designed. This is a more obvious choice when the product is an architectural design, but it can be extended to other kinds of design. This approach is essentially collaborating within the design. We present the three approaches and comment on their strengths and weaknesses.
series	other
email
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

_id	0206
authors	Maher, M.L. and Simoff, S.J.
year	1999
title	Two approaches to a virtual design office
source	DCNet99
summary	As a fully functional online environment for designers, a virtual office should support both individual designs and collaborative projects. The office should be able to host online meetings and presentations for clients and team members.
series	other
email
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

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