Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	a672
authors	Flemming, Ulrich
year	1990
title	Syntactic Structures in Architecture: Teaching Composition with Computer Assistance
source	The Electronic Design Studio: Architectural Knowledge and Media in the Computer Era [CAAD Futures ‘89 Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-262-13254-0] Cambridge (Massachusetts / USA), 1989, pp. 31-48
summary	The present paper outlines a plan for the teaching of architectural composition with computer assistance.The approach is to introduce students to a series of architectural languages characterized by a vocabulary of elements and a grammar whose rules indicate how these elements can be placed in space. Exercises with each language include the analysis of precedents; the generation of forms using a given rule set; and follow-up studies with an expanded rule set. The paper introduces languages and exercises through illustrative examples. This architectural content can be taught in the traditional way. The use of computers is motivated by expectations which are stated, and some basic requirements for the needed software are listed. Work to develop this software has started.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2003/02/26 17:24

_id	68c8
authors	Flemming, U., Coyne, R. and Fenves, S. (et al.)
year	1994
title	SEED: A Software Environment to Support the Early Phases in Building Design
source	Proceeding of IKM '94, Weimar, Germany, pp. 5-10
summary	The SEED project intends to develop a software environment that supports the early phases in building design (Flemming et al., 1993). The goal is to provide support, in principle, for the preliminary design of buildings in all aspects that can gain from computer support. This includes using the computer not only for analysis and evaluation, but also more actively for the generation of designs, or more accurately, for the rapid generation of design representations. A major motivation for the development of SEED is to bring the results of two multi-generational research efforts focusing on `generative' design systems closer to practice: 1. LOOS/ABLOOS, a generative system for the synthesis of layouts of rectangles (Flemming et al., 1988; Flemming, 1989; Coyne and Flemming, 1990; Coyne, 1991); 2. GENESIS, a rule-based system that supports the generation of assemblies of 3-dimensional solids (Heisserman, 1991; Heisserman and Woodbury, 1993). The rapid generation of design representations can take advantage of special opportunities when it deals with a recurring building type, that is, a building type dealt with frequently by the users of the system. Design firms - from housing manufacturers to government agencies - accumulate considerable experience with recurring building types. But current CAD systems capture this experience and support its reuse only marginally. SEED intends to provide systematic support for the storing and retrieval of past solutions and their adaptation to similar problem situations. This motivation aligns aspects of SEED closely with current work in Artificial Intelligence that focuses on case-based design (see, for example, Kolodner, 1991; Domeshek and Kolodner, 1992; Hua et al., 1992).
series	other
email
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	409c
authors	Akin, Omer, Flemming, Ulrich and Woodbury, Robert F.
year	1984
title	Development of Computer Systems for Use in Architectural Education
source	1984. ii, 47 p. includes bibliography
summary	Computers have not been used in education in a way that fosters intellectual development of alternate approaches to design. Sufficient theory exists to use computing devices to support other potentially fruitful approaches to design. A proposal is made for the development of a computer system for architectural education which is built upon a particular model for design, that of rational decision making. Within the framework provided by the model, a series of courseware development projects are proposed which together with hardware acquisitions constitute a comprehensive computer system for architectural education
keywords	architecture, education, design, decision making
series	CADline
email
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	2698
authors	Chien, Sheng Fen and Flemming, Ulrich
year	1997
title	Information Navigation in Generative Design Systems
source	CAADRIA ‘97 [Proceedings of the Second Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 957-575-057-8] Taiwan 17-19 April 1997, pp. 355-365
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.1997.355
summary	Generative design systems take an active part in the generation of computational design models. They make it easier for designers to explore conceptual alternatives, but the amount of information generated during a design session can become very large. Intelligent navigation aids are needed to enable designers to access the information with ease and low cognitive loads. We present an approach to support navigation in generative design systems. Our approach takes account of studies related to navigation in physical environments as well as information navigation in electronic media. Results of studies from the physical environment and electronic media reveal that 1) people exhibit similar cognitive behaviours (spatial cognition and the use of spatial knowledge) while navigating in physical and information spaces; and 2) the information space lacks legibility and imageability. The proposed information navigation model take these findings into account.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	4e8c
authors	Chien, Sheng-Fen and Flemming, Ulrich
year	2001
title	Design space navigation in generative design systems
source	Automation in Construction 11 (1) (2002) pp. 1-22
summary	Generative design systems make it easier for designers to generate and explore design alternatives, but the amount of information generated during a design session can become very large. Intelligent navigation aids are needed if designers wish to access the information they generate with ease. We present a comprehensive approach to support information navigation in requirement-driven generative design systems, which gain their power form explicit representations of design requirements, which in turn add to the information generated by the system. Our approach takes into account studies dealing with human spatial cognition, wayfinding in physical environments, and information navigation in electronic media. We structure the information to be accessed in terms of a five-dimensional design space model that applies across generative design systems of the type considered here. The model structure supports basic generic navigation operations along its five dimensions. We validated the model in the context of the SEED-Layout system and used it to extend the built-in navigation tools of the system through novel ones, which we subjected to a limited usability study. The study suggests that these tools have promise and warrant further investigation.
series	journal paper
email
more	http://www.elsevier.com/locate/autcon
last changed	2003/05/15 21:22

_id	83f7
authors	Fenves, Stephen J., Flemming, Ulrich and Hendrickson, Craig (et al)
year	1992
title	Performance Evaluation in an Integrated Software Environment for Building Design and Construction Planning
source	New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1992. pp. 159-169 : ill. includes bibliography
summary	In this paper the authors describe the role of performance evaluation in the Integrated Software Environment for Building Design and Construction Planning (IBDE), which is a testbed for examining integration issues in the same domain. Various processes in IBDE deal with the spatial configuration, structural design, and construction planning of high-rise office buildings. Performance evaluations occur within these processes based on different representation schemes and control mechanisms for the handling of performance knowledge. Within this multiprocess environment, opportunities also exist for performance evaluation across disciplines through design critics
keywords	evaluation, performance, integration, systems, building, design, construction, architecture, planning, structures, representation, control
series	CADline
email
last changed	2003/06/02 10:24

_id	d637
authors	Flemming, Ulrich and Sheng-Fen , Chien
year	1995
title	Schematic Layout Design in SEED Environment
source	Journal of Architectural Engineering -- December 1995 -- Volume 1, Issue 4, pp. 162-169
summary	This paper describes SEED-Layout, a module of SEED that supports the generation of schematic layouts of the functional units specified in an architectural program. SEED-Layout provides capabilities that allowdesigners to generate and evaluate rapidly different layout alternatives and versions; to explore the trade-offs involved; and to engage generally in an iterative, highly explorative design process. The resulting"design space" is complex, and the paper describes current efforts to provide designers with intelligent "navigation" aids that encourage them to explore interesting portions of this space without "getting lost."The paper concludes with a brief description of the current implementation and directions for future work.
series	journal paper
email
last changed	2003/05/15 21:45

_id	912b
authors	Flemming, Ulrich and Aygen, Zeyno
year	2001
title	A hybrid representation of architectural precedents
source	Automation in Construction 10 (6) (2001) pp. 687-699
summary	We present a hybrid representation of architectural precedents that separates precedent instances from the concepts they embody, where the concepts are defined in terms of multiple classification taxonomies. The representation allows us to combine the classical view of concept acquisition with aspects of the probabilistic and exemplar views and to organize the database into the equivalents of "episodic" and "semantic" memory. A first application and test context is provided by the Software Environment to Support Early Building Design (SEED), where precedents are used as prototypes and cases. But the representation is flexible enough to support the use of precedents in other application contexts.
series	journal paper
email
more	http://www.elsevier.com/locate/autcon
last changed	2003/05/15 21:22

_id	4980
authors	Flemming, Ulrich and Mahdavi, Ardeshir
year	1993
title	Simultaneous Form Generation and Performance Evaluation: A "Two-Way" Inference Approach
source	CAAD Futures ‘93 [Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-444-89922-7] (Pittsburgh / USA), 1993, pp. 161-173
summary	The conventional approach toward performance evaluation transforms given design attributes into performance indicators, and designers can improve these indicators only indirectly through the manipulation of design attributes. This paper outlines a contrasting "two-way " inference approach that allows designers to also manipulate the performance indicators directly and observe the resulting changes in design attributes. The advantages of this approach and its limitations are outlined. Methodological and implementation difficulties that arise from it are introduced, and possible solution strategies are described. A first prototype for a system that implements and demonstrates this approach is outlined. The larger debate about 'functionalism " touched by this approach, and its response to it, are briefly reviewed.
keywords	Form Generation, Performance Evaluation, Form-Function Mapping, Two-Way Approach
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2003/02/26 17:26

_id	578f
id	578f
authors	Flemming, Ulrich and Schmitt, Gerhard
year	1986
title	The Computer in the Design Studio. Ideas and Exercises that Go Beyond Automated Drafting
source	ACADIA Workshop ‘86 Proceedings - Houston (Texas - USA) 24-26 October 1986, pp. 55-78
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.1986.055
summary	The present use of computers in the design studio focusses on automating routine tasks and on increasing drawing productivity. We assume that the impact of computers in design can be more profound and present a series of exercises for two contrasting design studios that build on our teaching and computing experience. 'Me first studio uses the computer as a design evaluation tool. The second studio demonstrates the use of computers for simple design generation tasks. In both cases, a very general and important educational objective is pursued, and computers become an integral part of the exercise.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	a9bb
authors	Flemming, Ulrich and Van Wyk, Skip (Eds.)
year	1993
title	CAAD Futures ‘93 [Conference Proceedings]
source	Fifth International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design 1993/ ISBN 0-444-89922-7 / (Pittsbrugh / USA), 1993, 565 p.
summary	The mission of the CAAD Futures series of conferences is to provide a forum for the presentation and discussion of innovative research and development in the area of computer- aided architectural design. CAAD Futures '93, sponsored by Carnegie Mellon University and its Department of Architecture, is the fifth conference in the series. In these proceedings, the papers accepted for presentation have been grouped into sections addressing similar topics or themes. The sections are presented in an order that proceeds roughly from the more specific, focused topics to the more general ones, ending with a group of papers illustrating emergent trends in practice, including urban planning and design.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2003/02/26 17:24

_id	d6d8
authors	Flemming, Ulrich and Woodbury, Robert
year	1995
title	Software Environment to Support Early Phases in Building Design (SEED): Overview
source	Journal of Architectural Engineering -- December 1995 -- Volume 1, Issue 4, pp. 147-152
summary	This paper describes the overall goals of SEED, the approach taken by its developers to achieve these goals, and the subprojects that comprise the entire project. SEED aims at providing computational support forthe early design phase in all aspects that can benefit from such support. It addresses specifically architectural programming, schematic layout design, and the generation of a fully three-dimensional configuration ofphysical building components like structure and enclosure. These tasks are handled by three individual modules, SEED-Pro, SEED-Layout, and SEED-Config. A standards processor is under development tosupport standards and code checking in any module, as is an object database to store and retrieve different design versions, alternatives, and past designs that can be reused and adapted in different contexts(case-based design). Usability issues, especially the interfaces to the modules, receive special attention. Subsequent papers elaborate on these efforts in greater detail. The present paper provides an overview of theentire project and introduces shared concepts presumed known in subsequent papers.
series	journal paper
email
last changed	2003/05/15 21:45

_id	a62c
authors	Flemming, Ulrich, Coyne, Robert F. and Glavin, Timothy J. (et al)
year	1988
title	A Generative Expert System for the Design of Building Layouts -- Version 2
source	Artificial Intelligence in Engineering: Design. editor. John J. Gero. Elsevier (Computational Mechanics Publications), 1988. PP. 445-464 : ill. includes bibliography
summary	The paper describes an attempt to increase the intelligence of a CAD system by adding capabilities (1) to systematically enumerate alternative solutions to a design problem, and (2) to take, at the same time, a broad spectrum of criteria or concerns into account. These capabilities are intended to complement the designer's abilities and performance. In connection with such attempts, fundamental problems arise when the objects to be designed have shape and are located in space. These problems are identified, and an approach to solve them is outlined. This approach is currently being tested over a range of domains all of which deal with the design of layouts of rectangles subject to constraints and criteria. The search for alternatives takes place in a state space with properties that make it possible to systematically explore and evaluate the power of various search strategies or planning paradigms. The state space is established through a domain-independent generator, while the evaluation of points in that space is carried out by a domain-dependent tester built up through a process of knowledge acquisition familiar from work with expert systems
keywords	design, expert systems, CAD, enumeration, shape grammars,architecture, intelligence, synthesis, space allocation, layout, floor plans
series	CADline
email
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	b7de
authors	Flemming, Ulrich, Erhan, Halil and Ozkaya, Ipek
year	2002
title	Object-Oriented Application Development in CAD: A Graduate Course
source	Thresholds - Design, Research, Education and Practice, in the Space Between the Physical and the Virtual [Proceedings of the 2002 Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design In Architecture / ISBN 1-880250-11-X] Pomona (California) 24-27 October 2002, pp. 25-36
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2002.025
summary	The programming languages typically offered by CAD systems for third-party application developerswere procedural or functional. A major shift is currently occurring in that new versions of commercialCAD software will support object-oriented programming languages for application development.Developers who wish to take advantage of this new kind of environment must undergo a considerablecognitive “retooling” and adopt new software engineering strategies. We describe a graduate coursethat aims at introducing students to effective object-oriented development strategies, especially usecase-driven development and the tools provided by the Unified Modeling Language (UML). Studentsgained experience with these tools by forming, together with the instructors, a single development teamwriting an application on top of MicroStation/J using JMDL as programming language. The paperdescribes the instructors’ experience with this approach.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	2612
authors	Flemming, Ulrich
year	1978
title	Wall Representations of Rectangular Dissections and Their Use in Automated Space Allocation
source	Environment and Planning B. 1978. vol. 5: pp. 215-232 : ill. includes bibliography
summary	A procedure is described which generates dissections of rectangles into rectangular components in order to obtain solutions to space-allocation problems which are restricted through topological and dimensional constraints. Solutions are generated in two steps: step 1 determines basic geometric properties of the arrangements to be produced, and step 2 computes the dimensions of the spaces in such an arrangement. Both steps are based on `wall representations' of the solutions. These representations allow geometric relations and operations to be transformed into relations and operations defined on character strings. They furthermore allow the (possibly infinite) set of solutions to be systematically searched for a finite set of `principal options'. The importance linear-programming techniques for step 2 is described
keywords	space allocation, linear programming, representation, CAD, design,automation, layout, synthesis
series	CADline
email
last changed	2003/02/26 17:24

_id	6758
authors	Flemming, Ulrich
year	1981
title	The Secret of the Casa Giuliani Frigerio
source	Environment and Planning B. 1981. vol. 8: pp. 87-96 : ill. includes bibliography
summary	Basic formal characteristics of Terragni's Casa Giuliani Frigerio are explained by means of a parametric shape grammar
keywords	applications, shape grammars, architecture
series	CADline
email
last changed	2003/02/26 17:24

_id	4512
authors	Flemming, Ulrich
year	1986
title	On the Representation and Generation of Loosely-Packed Arrangements of Rectangles
source	33 p. : ill Pittsburgh: Engineering Design Research Center, CMU, September, 1986. includes bibliography.
summary	Several computer programs that enumerate rectangular dissections as solutions to certain layout problems have established a distinct paradigm for dealing with the crucial theoretical issues involved. The present paper suggests an extension of the paradigm to include `loosely-packed arrangements of rectangles,' which are of wider applicability in an architectural context. The paper introduces orthogonal structures to represent these arrangements and establishes the conditions of well-formedness for these structures. It presents a grammar to enumerate orthogonal structures and suggests that best use is made of the grammar if it is incorporated into a generative expert system, able to serve as a vehicle to discover, encode and utilize a broad range of constraints and criteria in the generation of layout alternatives
keywords	expert systems, architecture, space allocation, floor plans, rectangles, shape grammars, layout
series	CADline
email
last changed	2003/02/26 17:24

_id	2d41
authors	Flemming, Ulrich
year	1986
title	The Role of Shape Grammars in the Analysis and Creation of Designs
source	New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1986. pp. 213-244 : ill. includes bibliography
summary	The paper gives an informal introduction to the shape grammar formalism. It presents results form a case study in which this formalism was applied to a realistic problem in order to convey the flavor of work with such grammars, to demonstrate its advantages and to show that our familiarity with this formalism has now progressed to a level were issues of architectural substance can be addressed. The paper concludes with the outline of a simple way to implement shape grammars by computer: it does not resolve the theoretical problems that exist for such implementations, but makes non-trivial applications like the case study possible
keywords	shape grammars, design, architecture
series	CADline
email
last changed	2003/02/26 17:24

_id	caadria2005_b_4a_c
id	caadria2005_b_4a_c
authors	Halil I. Erhan, Ulrich Flemming
year	2005
title	User-System Interaction Design for Requirements Modeling
source	CAADRIA 2005 [Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 89-7141-648-3] New Delhi (India) 28-30 April 2005, vol. 2, pp. 160-170
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2005.160
summary	RaBBiT (Requirements Building for Building Types) provides computational support for architectural programming or requirements modeling in building design. A highly interactive graphical user interface (GUI) allows users to adapt RaBBiT to various programming styles and terminologies. Since users are not expected to have any prior computer programming experience, the design of RaBBiT’s GUI posed particular challenges, which we attempted to meet through a direct-manipulation interface based on the model-world metaphor.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	ddssup0209
id	ddssup0209
authors	Koshak, Nabeel and Flemming, Ulrich
year	2002
title	Object-Oriented Data Modeling and Warehousing to Support Urban Design
source	Timmermans, Harry (Ed.), Sixth Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning - Part two: Urban Planning Proceedings Avegoor, the Netherlands), 2002
summary	All over the world, local authorities are moving towards managing and storing urban data in digital form. But the data storage devices used are heterogeneous and typically include relational database managementsystems (DBMS), GIS and CAD files. As a result, data are present in different locations on different platforms and under different schemas. This poses a problem for software applications meant to supportdecision-making in urban design that require input from more than one data source. We demonstrate in our paper how data warehousing—combined with object-oriented data modeling—is able to provide a general solution for this problem. Data warehousing is a technique initially developed for businessapplications, but is equally useful for urban design: The data warehouse constitutes a communication layer between the urban design applications and data sources. It makes the data available through a unified interface that hides the sources themselves and represents that data in terms of a general-purpose, preferably object-oriented, model. We also describe an implementation prototype that supports different applications. The City of Makkah in Saudi Arabia provides us with real-world data and a context to test our prototype.
series	DDSS
last changed	2003/08/07 16:36

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