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CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	4b27
authors	Lansdown, John
year	1984
title	Knowledge for Designers
source	Architect`s journal. England: February, 1984. vol. 179: pp. 55-58
summary	The first of two articles discussing expert systems. Both design and construction are carried out within the framework of empirical rules and regulations designed more for ease of implementation and checking than scientific validity. On completion of a building, little follow up research is done on the way it is used or on the way in which the assumption made in its design are borne out in practice. This present two problems: How to make information from disparate sources easily available to designers and constructors, and how to make them aware that they need this information. This paper describes how a special type of computer programming might assist in solving these problems
keywords	design, construction, building, expert systems, knowledge base, systems, programming, life cycle
series	CADline
last changed	1999/02/12 15:09

_id	687b
authors	Lansdown, John
year	1986
title	Requirements for Knowledge-based Systems in Design
source	Computer-Aided Architectural Design Futures [CAAD Futures Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-408-05300-3] Delft (The Netherlands), 18-19 September 1985, pp. 120-127
summary	Even from the comparatively small amount of work that has been done in this area it is already clear that expert systems can be of value in many architectural applications. This is particularly so in those applications involving what broadly can be called, 'classification' (such as fault diagnosis, testing for conformity with regulations and so on). What we want to look at in this chapter are some of the developments in knowledge-based systems (KBS) which will be needed in order to make them more useful in a broader application area and, especially, in creative design. At the heart of these developments will be two things: (1), more appropriate methods of representing knowledge which are as accessible to humans as they are to computers; and (2), better ways of ensuring that this knowledge can be brought to bear exactly where and when it is needed. Knowledge engineers usually call these elements, respectively, 'knowledge representation' and 'control'.
series	CAAD Futures
last changed	1999/04/03 17:58

_id	0e62
authors	Lansdown, John
year	1987
title	Some Notes on the Impact of Computing on Design
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1987.x.r0a
source	Architectural Education and the Information Explosion [eCAADe Conference Proceedings] Zurich (Switzerland) 5-7 September 1987.
summary	Computers have been potentially able to assist designers in their work for almost thirty years. A few pioneers have been using them for this purpose for more than twenty years but it is only in the last seven or so that use has become really widespread. Undoubtedly, the most widespread use of computers in architectural practice is for making production drawings - which they can do with an accuracy, speed and reliability difficult to achieve by manual means. But this use does not even begin to exploit the full possibilities that computer aided design opens up. What I want to do here is to introduce these possibilities and discuss what impact they might have on the way we design in the immediate future.
series	eCAADe
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	sigradi2020_157
id	sigradi2020_157
authors	Lanzara, Emanuela; Capone, Mara
year	2020
title	Tangential surfaces to optimize digital manufacturing of complex shapes
source	SIGraDi 2020 [Proceedings of the 24th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISSN: 2318-6968] Online Conference 18 - 20 November 2020, pp. 157-165
summary	The knowledge of geometric-mathematical rules allows to solve several problems about complex systems design and manufacturing. Geometric genesis of surfaces and their properties represent the main basis to solve both constructive and measurement problems. A developable surface can be manufactured starting from a flat strip, using a flexible and non- deformable material. Geometry studies properties that don't change and, therefore, the shape of the strip to obtain a certain configuration after a series of rigid movements. Our goal is to test different approches (Additive Manufacturing vs Subtractive Manufacturing) to manufacture a lamp using a tangential developable surface.
keywords	Generative design, tangential surfaces, digital fabrication, developable surfaces, Additive Manufacturing, Subtractive Manufacturing
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2021/07/16 11:48

_id	4904
authors	Lapre, L. and Hudson, P.
year	1988
title	Talking about Design: Supporting the Design Process with Different Goals
source	CAAD futures ‘87 [Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-444-42916-6] Eindhoven (The Netherlands), 20-22 May 1987, pp. 127-136
summary	The architectural design process has more than one participant. Each participant has his own way of approaching the information embedded in a design. In the future the CAAD systems of these participants must be able to communicate and exchange information. For a communication of this kind there must be a common ground, a frame of reference, in which these different points of view can be expressed. This frame of reference or model must support participants accessing the same information with different objectives and for different purposes. We shall propose such a model based on research results obtained by the analysis of architectural knowledge and designs. The model incorporates certain aspects drawn from AI.
series	CAAD Futures
last changed	1999/04/03 17:58

_id	lapshina02_paper_eaea2007
id	lapshina02_paper_eaea2007
authors	Lapshina, Elena
year	2008
title	Architecture as a Space of Images and An Image of Space-World
source	Proceedings of the 8th European Architectural Endoscopy Association Conference
summary	The architectural space formed within this or that type of culture is observed. The searching of the space basement of the traditional cultures and the modern man-caused civilizations is accented. In both cases the space organization is a reflection of a certain world outlook system. There are some examples of architectural reconstruction of lost space structures of some traditional cultures with using of modern ones within the techno-culture technical devices.
series	EAEA
email
more	http://info.tuwien.ac.at/eaea
last changed	2008/04/29 20:46

_id	ad21
authors	Laptali, E., Bouchlaghem, N. and Wild, S.
year	1997
title	Planning and estimating in practice and the use of integrated computer models
source	Automation in Construction 7 (1) (1997) pp. 71-76
summary	Research into IT applications in the construction industry has been going on for many years, most of this work took the form of system development aimed at assisting construction practitioners and aimed at improving processes in order to reduce the cost of building. Most of these developments tended to identify a problem in a sector of the industry and focused on using a certain technology in IT to provide a solution. This was often done without a proper investigation into the suitability and the acceptability of the technology to the end users (construction practitioners). Furthermore, most of the work was too focused on solving problems in isolation and did not consider the overall organisational framework and structure of the industry. This paper discusses and presents the results of a survey conducted to investigate the planning and estimating work practices in the industry in order to establish the important issues for the development of an integrated planning and estimating computer model. The survey established the important issues for the acceptability of computer models, the technical aspect to be addressed and a better working practice for estimating and planning. The technical aspect on which the computer model was based is the optimisation of the time and cost of building and the best work practice used is the integration of estimating and planning.
series	journal paper
more	http://www.elsevier.com/locate/autcon
last changed	2003/05/15 21:22

_id	acadia18_358
id	acadia18_358
authors	Lara Ditzel, Patricio; Balas, Leonard; Kalina, Olga; Vasey, Lauren; Bechert, Simon; Krieg ,Oliver David; Menges, Achim; Knippers, Jan
year	2018
title	Integrative Fabrication of Sandwich Shells. An integrative approach to design of robotically fabricated wood- based sandwich segmented shells
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2018.358
source	ACADIA // 2018: Recalibration. On imprecisionand infidelity. [Proceedings of the 38th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-692-17729-7] Mexico City, Mexico 18-20 October, 2018, pp. 358-365
summary	This paper presents the development of an integrative and adaptive robotic fabrication process for the production of wooden-based segmented shells of variable thickness. A material and construction process is presented whereby an industrial robot with a two-degree of freedom end-effector acts as active form-work, positioning flexible strips of plywood so they can be assembled into a structurally performative configuration and then filled with a polyurethane expandable foam. The resulting material system is a structurally performative and doubly curved sandwich composite which performs well in bending. This paper discusses the construction process and the material system, methods for structural analysis, an adaptive robotic fabrication process, as well as a computational design tool which integrates material constraints, robotic constraints, and structural performance. The resulting construction system expands the design possibilities for robotic fabrication in wood, particularly as a viable material system for implementation directly in an on-site condition.
keywords	work in progress, fabrication & robotics, materials & adaptive systems
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	sigradi2011_197
id	sigradi2011_197
authors	Lara, Arthur H.; Giacaglia, Marcelo E.; da Silva Moura, Norberto
year	2011
title	Intervenções Urbanas Paramétricas [Urban Parametric Interventions]
source	SIGraDi 2011 [Proceedings of the 15th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Argentina - Santa Fe 16-18 November 2011, pp. 500-502
summary	Renowned Architecture schools are acting globally by means of international workshops. In these, new methodo- logies of digital parametric representations are applied in urban interventions. We bring forward an inflatable solution for sheltering a sports event, held under a viaduct. In this case, parametric technology was employed in the design, with the use of digital fabrication. Several other interventions were proposed for the same space chosen for the action of a multidisciplinary group of professors. Differently from government actions that usually focus on the removal of social problems this workshop sought a solution through technology, new materials and parametric design.
keywords	Parametric design; urban interventions; metaballs; augmented culture
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:54

_id	sigradi2009_1107
id	sigradi2009_1107
authors	Lara, Arthur Hunold; Marcelo Eduardo Giacaglia; Norberto Corrêa da Silva Moura
year	2009
title	Teaching digital fabrication in the post-industrial era
source	SIGraDi 2009 - Proceedings of the 13th Congress of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics, Sao Paulo, Brazil, November 16-18, 2009
summary	The creation process of a product is a work of immersion and concentration, and is, seldom linear. A primary concept most likely will undergo modifications during the process. In what concerns teaching, a great number of Brazilian higher education institutions act exclusively on the formation of students as specialists in the creation of primary concepts. As for the process of refining an idea, as in prototype production and observation, this phase will only be learned and understood on the job market. Nowadays, new methodologies for digital fabrication put into evidence other strategies resulting from post-industrial production.
keywords	Digital fabrication; digital modeling; prototyping; education
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:54

_id	4c01
authors	Laranjeira, Teresa
year	2003
title	The S. Pedro da Cova Community Knowledge Centre, a local example of empowerment through technology
source	CORP 2003, Vienna University of Technology, 25.2.-28.2.2003 [Proceedings on CD-Rom]
summary	S. Pedro da Cova (Gondomar), located ten kilometres from the city centre of Porto (Portugal), is considerate a depressed territory, with a large spectrum of social, economic and urban problems, but also with local positive aspects capable to reach the different development opportunities.In the ambit of the regeneration process for this area, the local authority draw a strategy based in the empowerment of the citizens, where the Information Communication Technologies (ICT’s) assumed a major role. With this purpose, it was intended to build a Community Technology Centre for the disfavoured children. From the building construction till the first activities, it is our conviction that to break the differences between the have and the have not’s it will be very important to conciliate the new technologies and the local characteristics. The children will be the active agents in the dissemination of the project through the development of the different activities, sensitising the families to adopt a healthy life and announce situations of risk, for example. To validate the project will be created an permanent observatory that propose a moment of reflection and auto-valuation about the evolution of the different activities, thechanges to do, and the identification of new problems and the redefinition of new methodologies. The aim of the article is not only to show the positive aspects, indeed significant, but also to bring into discussion some questions; in order to understand the possibility of defining an empowerment strategy based in the ICT’s. How to conciliate the individualperspectives of the future into a common objective? How to show to all community that information and knowledge are fundamentalto build a more liveable and equity neighbourhood? How to transfer the results to a larger strategy for the entire city? And, at theend, how to explain that people is the most important "infrastructure" to build a better future?
keywords	Social Exclusion; Informal Urban Structure; Empowerment; Spaces of Knowledge
series	other
email
last changed	2003/03/11 20:39

_id	ea52
authors	Larmore, L.L. and Hirschberg, D. S.
year	1985
title	Efficient Optimal Pagination of Scrolls
source	Communications of the ACM. August 1985. vol. 28: pp. 854-856. includes a short bibliography
summary	Diehr and Faaland developed an algorithm that finds the minimum sum of key length pagination of a scroll of n items, and which uses O(n log n) time solving a problem posed by McCreight. An improved algorithm is given which uses O(n) time
keywords	algorithms, problem solving, search
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	sigradi2017_092
id	sigradi2017_092
authors	Larqué, Hugo; Barbara Marin, Juan Camilo Silva
year	2017
title	BioRizom. Host Biotransducer based in mycotic rhizome [BioRizom. Host Biotransducer based in mycotic rhizome]
source	SIGraDi 2017 [Proceedings of the 21th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-956-227-439-5] Chile, Concepción 22 - 24 November 2017, pp.640-643
summary	The growth of urban settlements is a phenomenon on the rise. It is expected that more than 70% of the people will live in urban settlements by 2050. To be able to tackle and embrace this growth, we need alternative tools that help us to face these challenges. On this framework, this proposal aims to raise the paradigm of how the information can be gathered and used to equilibrate urban systems in terms of planning concerning the distribution of resources. To achieve this goal, the exchange of data through an organic system of biochemical interaction network is proposed.
keywords	Smart City; Urban planning; Social Development; Bio-sensor; Internet of Things.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2021/03/28 19:58

_id	407caadria2004
id	407caadria2004
authors	Larry Sass
year	2004
title	Rapid Prototyping Techniques for Building Program Study
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2004.655
source	CAADRIA 2004 [Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 89-7141-648-3] Seoul Korea 28-30 April 2004, pp. 655-670
summary	This paper is original research that demonstrates new design possibilities for evaluation in the schematic phase of design through the use rapid prototyping as a tool of representation verses 2D drawing. These program shapes are created from CAD files using a threedimensional printing and laser cutting CAM tools. This way of working is in response to two dimensional plan representation and evaluation (Mitchell 1976). This research combines the best of the visual aspects of plan representation and the formal representation of solid block modeling. The models in this paper demonstrate the building’s physical scale of spaces, building use and overall form. Resulting models will demonstrate a new way of designing in CAD one that combined physical and visual ways or representation.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	architectural_intelligence2023_18
id	architectural_intelligence2023_18
authors	Lars Spuybroek
year	2023
title	Matter and image: the pharmacology of architecture
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s44223-023-00035-y
source	Architectural Intelligence Journal
summary	In the history of technologies and materials the transfer from soft to hard plays a central role. From a dialectic point of view it seems to be a clear-cut matter of one overpowering the other, yet conceptually things are more convoluted. What we call the chiastic model of history is driven by the exchange of empowerings where the one inhabits the other. By taking the most antithetical examples of materiality from architectural history, the plastic and the lithic, we begin to understand the psychological aspects of this exchange: a history of dreams, imagination and even hallucination. The technologies involving the plastic offer an enormous array of such imagery, which we start to analyze as part of a fundamental aspect of technology itself. Using the notion of the pharmakon, as developed by Derrida and Stiegler, we study its ambiguities: technology by its nature is both remedy and poison, cure and addiction. Accepting this ambivalence is the explicit goal of pharmacology, which makes the history of soft and hard one of prosthetic extension as much as of mimetic absorption. We will be guided by two architectural fantasists to investigate the what we call the pharmacology of architecture, J. G. Ballard’s fantasy of a house automaton in the case of the plastic, and G. B. Piranesi’s hallucinations of a reversed archeology in that of the lithic.
series	Architectural Intelligence
email
last changed	2025/01/09 15:03

_id	ecaade2007_005
id	ecaade2007_005
authors	Larsen, Knut Einar; Scheurer, Fabian; Schindler, Christoph; Stori, Simen
year	2007
title	The Trondheim Camera Obscura
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2007.051
source	Predicting the Future [25th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-6-5] Frankfurt am Main (Germany) 26-29 September 2007, pp. 51-58
summary	This paper discusses a project where we, together with a group of 15 graduate students, designed, produced, and built small timber structure (a Camera Obscura) in Trondheim, Norway. The project was part of a full semester course at the Faculty of Architecture of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU). The main purpose of the course was to explore the possibilities of prefabrication in timber construction based on file-to-factory processes (digital fabrication). Moreover, we wished to give the students the experience of building a permanent structure in 1:1.
keywords	Teaching project 1:1, industry cooperation, digital fabrication, CAD-CAM, camera obscura
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	ijac20086402
id	ijac20086402
authors	Larsen, Knut Einar; Schindler, Christoph
year	2008
title	From Concept to Reality: Digital Systems in Architectural Design and Fabrication
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 6 - no. 4, 397-413
summary	One of the challenges for today's architectural designers is the establishment of continuous digital processes between design and fabrication. To achieve this, designers need to acquire knowledge about the production and the methods and tools involved. Two case studies organized at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) on digital timber fabrication investigate the new field of collaboration between architectural designers and fabricators. The studies demonstrate the design potential of acquiring insights into the fabricators' software and digital production machinery and reflect contemporary fabrication technology in formal expression. We identified two different approaches to formal exploration that we defined as "sophistication of the detail" and "variation of the element".
series	journal
last changed	2009/03/03 07:48

_id	caadria2020_149
id	caadria2020_149
authors	Larsen, Niels Martin, Aagaard, Anders Kruse and Kieffer, Lynn Hyun
year	2020
title	Digital Workflows for Natural Wood in Constructions
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2020.1.125
source	D. Holzer, W. Nakapan, A. Globa, I. Koh (eds.), RE: Anthropocene, Design in the Age of Humans - Proceedings of the 25th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 5-6 August 2020, pp. 125-134
summary	This research challenges current linear processing methods for standardised timber. The current industry does not leave room for irregular shapes of naturally grown wood. This paper describes a bespoke design and fabrication method that leverages these natural irregularities of the wood. The customised development of a digital tool allows the distribution of the non-standard material to form a structure and the associated robotic machining processes of the individual logs. This research seeks to motivate a more inclusive, diverse and sensitive culture of processing and building with wood while exploring the unique aesthetic qualities of non-standardised wood.
keywords	robotic fabrication; digital workflows; wood processing
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	3220
authors	Lartigue, C. Thiebaut, F. and Maekawa, T.
year	2001
title	CNC tool path in terms of B-spline curves
source	Computer-Aided Design, Vol. 33 (4) (2001) pp. 307-319
summary	We present an accurate and efficient method to generate a CNC tool path for a smooth free-form surface in terms of planar cubic B-spline curves which will be fed into afree-form curve interpolator. We assume the use of a three-axis CNC machine tool with a ball end-mill cutter. We first interpolate break points, which are generated bycomputing the offset surface-driving plane intersection curve reflecting the curvature, by a planar cubic B-spline curve. We then evaluate the maximum scallop height alonga scallop curve by computing the stationary points of the distance function between the scallop curve and the design surface. Furthermore, we compute the maximum pickfeed such that the maximum scallop height along a scallop curve coincides with the prescribed tolerance. Illustrative examples show the substantial improvements this methodachieves over conventional methods where the tool path consists of linear or circular paths.
keywords	Free-Form Curve Interpolator, CNC Machine Tool, Pick Feed, Scallop Height, Tool Path, Offset Surface
series	journal paper
email
last changed	2003/05/15 21:33

_id	854e
id	854e
authors	Laskari A, Hanna S, Derix C
year	2008
title	Urban Identity Through Quantifiable Spatial Attributes: Coherence and dispersion of local identity through the automated comparative analysis of building block plans
source	Design Computation Cognition conference 2008
summary	This analysis investigates whether and to what degree quantifiable spatial attributes, as expressed in plan representations, can capture elements related to the experience of spatial identity. By combining different methods of shape and spatial analysis it attempts to quantify spatial attributes, predominantly derived from plans, in order to illustrate patterns of interrelations between spaces through an objective automated process. The study focuses on the scale of the urban block as the basic modular unit for the formation of urban configurations and the issue of spatial identity is perceived through consistency and differentiation within and amongst urban neighbourhoods.
keywords	urban design, spatial analysis, clustering
series	other
type	normal paper
email
more	http://www.springer.com/computer/information+systems+and+applications/book/978-1-4020-8727-1
last changed	2012/09/17 21:30

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