CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id caadria2008_66_session6b_544
id caadria2008_66_session6b_544
authors Lowe, Russell
year 2008
title Beyond the boundary object: sketches, computer games and blogs facilitating design development
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2008.544
source CAADRIA 2008 [Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Chiang Mai (Thailand) 9-12 April 2008, pp. 544-551
summary Developing Frosts’ understanding of Leigh Star’s (Star 1989) concept of the boundary object this paper seeks to answer the question “would multiple boundary objects employed simultaneously facilitate design development?” The paper reflects on and critically reviews the design, implementation, and outcomes of a first year Architectural Design course that privileged architectural representation in the form of design sketches, blogs and contemporary computer gaming technology. The review process is supported by an in depth survey of students experiences both prior to and during the course. With a large number of students enrolled in the course (158) the findings from this survey can be seen to offer a statistical reliability which is in contrast to the more usual anecdotal approach.
keywords Boundary Object, Generalist, Specialist, Sketch, Computer Game, Blog
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:59

_id caadria2011_021
id caadria2011_021
authors Lowe, Russell; Jules Cromarty and Richard Goodwin
year 2011
title Real time modelling: A solution for accurate, updatable and real-time 3D modelling of as-built architecture
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2011.219
source Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / The University of Newcastle, Australia 27-29 April 2011, pp. 219-228
summary This paper describes a means for 3D modelling that sources photogrammetry data from publically available databases and integrates this data with a real time computer game application to construct point clouds. As the databases receive more data or as the data is updated the 3D visualisation within the computer game environment is capable of remodelling itself to reflect the changes, providing accurate representations of as-built infrastructure within an immersive 3D environment that can be interrogated and analysed in real time.
keywords Real-time; photogrammetry; computer game; visualisation; point cloud
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:59

_id caadria2011_022
id caadria2011_022
authors Lowe, Russell; Mark Hedley and Richard Goodwin
year 2011
title Real-time porosity: Combining a computer game engine with environmental sensors to better understand pedestrian movement in public/private space and in real-time
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2011.229
source Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / The University of Newcastle, Australia 27-29 April 2011, pp. 229-238
summary This paper describes the theoretical context, design, implementation and evaluation of a novel method for understanding pedestrian movement in public/private space. It examines the pedestrian counting and tracking methodologies of Space Syntax and proposes an alternative methodology that links sensors embedded in real-world environments and carried by pedestrians with an environment and avatars in a contemporary computer game. In this way observers are able to closely trail pedestrians without affecting their decision making. Results from a field trial are presented where the sensors and computer gaming technology were tested within a challenging real-world environment.
keywords Pedestrian movement; public/private; Space Syntax; environmental sensors
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:59

_id e9e6
authors Lowerre, Bruce and Reddy, Raj D.
year 1976
title The Harpy Speech Understanding
source 1976. pp. 1-19
summary Harpy is one of the first systems to demonstrate that high performance, large vocabulary connected speech recognition systems can in fact be realized economically for task- oriented (restricted) languages. In this chapter the authors present, using simple examples, the principles of organization of the Harpy system. They illustrate how knowledge sources (KSs) are specified, how the knowledge compiler integrates the KSs into a unified directional graph representation, and how this knowledge is utilized. In conclusion, they discuss many of the limitations of the present system and how these can be eliminated or reduced in future systems
keywords speech recognition, AI
series CADline
last changed 2003/06/02 10:24

_id a25e
authors Loy, Hollis A.
year 1999
title Foundation for a Thorough CAAD Education
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1999.301
source Architectural Computing from Turing to 2000 [eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-5-7] Liverpool (UK) 15-17 September 1999, pp. 301-308
summary The birth and development of computing is considered by most as one of the greatest technological achievements of the twentieth century. Since the integration of computers in the built environment, over two decades ago, computing methods developed into efficient designing and calculating tools. In contrast, accelerating advancements in computing technology have created generation gaps amongst architects. There are inexperienced, novice, intermediate and advanced computer-capable architects. If each group was asked to define CAAD, some would still describe it as a computer program for technical draughting. Others may define CAAD (Computer Aided Architectural Design) as a vast array of digital media in CAD, multimedia and DTP, assisting architects in compiling visual presentations. Currently, most architectural schools are capable of instructing most, if not all, facets of CAAD (2D & 3D CAD, model rendering, photo montage, brochure layouts, etc.). However, this knowledge is accumulated at random throughout the course of study. "Computer Graphics for Architects" is the latest educational development in Europe bridging generation gaps with senior architects and serving as an introductory CAAD seminar to beginning architecture students. This book and lecture presents a gallery of recent architectural CAD, multimedia, and DTP presentations practiced in Europe´s second largest architectural firm. The terminology is user-friendly and its content concentrates on responding to the most often posed questions by CAAD beginners relating to: (1) Terminology (2) Appearance (3) Time Consumption (4) Cost Techniques introduced are independent of any platform. The goal is to summarize quickly and effectively the countless possibilities of presentations applicable in architecture practice. "Computer Graphics for Architects" provides a direction for future presentations and motivates students to excel in CAAD.
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:59

_id ecaade2023_395
id ecaade2023_395
authors Loyola, Mauricio and Meggers, Forrest
year 2023
title A Computational Framework for Analyzing Spatial Behavior in Buildings
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.337
source Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 337–346
summary This paper proposes a computational framework specifically formulated for observing and describing occupant behavior in architectural analysis and design. The framework comprises two main elements. First, it includes an architecture-oriented conceptual delimitation of occupant behavior centered on the spatial dimension of human actions. Second, the framework provides a comprehensive set of computational metrics to describe the spatial behavior of building occupants particularly designed for use with physical sensing technologies and computational data analysis techniques. An experimental case study demonstrates the applicability of the framework in the context of analyzing a multifunctional building space.
keywords Spatial Behavior, Occupant Behavior, Occupant Sensing
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2023/12/10 10:49

_id ecaadesigradi2019_156
id ecaadesigradi2019_156
authors Loyola, Mauricio, Rossi, Bruno, Montiel, Constanza and Daiber, Max
year 2019
title Use of Virtual Reality in Participatory Design
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.2.449
source Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 2, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 449-454
summary Virtual Reality technology was used as a visualization tool in a participatory design process of an urban design project in Santiago, Chile. Community members with little or no familiarity with digital technologies visualized the project using traditional means of architectural representation and immersive virtual reality, and then, answered standardized questionnaires on spatial comprehension. Participants who visualized the project using virtual reality showed a higher level of spatial comprehension and a more precise understanding of the formal and spatial qualities of the project than users who used traditional means.
keywords Virtual Reality; Participatory Design; Urban Design; Head Mounted Displays
series eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:59

_id sigradi2023_333
id sigradi2023_333
authors Loyola, Mauricio
year 2023
title Senior-meter: A Hands-on Intuitive Approach to Teaching Electronics and Data-Driven Design to Undergraduate Students
source García Amen, F, Goni Fitipaldo, A L and Armagno Gentile, Á (eds.), Accelerated Landscapes - Proceedings of the XXVII International Conference of the Ibero-American Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2023), Punta del Este, Maldonado, Uruguay, 29 November - 1 December 2023, pp. 193–202
summary This paper presents the development and implementation of a novel pilot course for undergraduate design students, with a focus on the integration of electronics and data-driven methodologies within the field of design. The course was structured around a real-world project that addressed the challenges encountered by senior individuals. It incorporated user-centered design principles, sensor-based data collection, real-world deployment, and data-based design assessment. The results demonstrated the successful application of data-driven methods, and an appreciation by students for the empirical foundation in design decisions. The pilot confirms that data-driven approaches can be successfully embedded within an undergraduate design program, offering valuable insights for educators interested in pursuing such integrative pedagogical methods.
keywords Data Driven Design, Interface Design, Physical Computing, Design Analytics, Design Engineering.
series SIGraDi
email
last changed 2024/03/08 14:06

_id sigradi2017_045
id sigradi2017_045
authors Loyola, Mauricio; Sebastián Rozas, Sebastián Caldera
year 2017
title Kerfing2: Una técnica para el diseño, fabricación y optimización de elementos de doble curvatura a partir de placas rígidas de madera [Kerfing2: A technique for the design, manufacture and optimization of double-curved elements from rigid wooden plates]
source SIGraDi 2017 [Proceedings of the 21th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-956-227-439-5] Chile, Concepción 22 - 24 November 2017, pp.307-313
summary We present a novel technique for the design, optimization, and fabrication of plywood double-curvature building components, based on an ancient woodworking method known as kerfing. We explain the principles of geometric optimization, their implementation into computational algorithms, and show the first prototypes as proofs of concept (PoC).
keywords CAD/CAM; Digital Fabrication; Kerfing; Complex Geometries
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2021/03/28 19:58

_id f920
authors Lozano, E. E.
year 1988
title Visual needs in urban environments and physical planning
source Environmental aesthetics: Theory, research, and applications. J. Nasar. New York, Cambridge University Press, pp. 395-421
summary Contributed by Susan Pietsch (spietsch@arch.adelaide.edu.au)
keywords 3D City Modeling, Development Control, Design Control
series other
last changed 2001/06/04 20:41

_id caadria2015_194
id caadria2015_194
authors Lu, Chi-Ming; Jia-Yih Chen, Cheng-An Pan and Taysheng Jeng
year 2015
title A BIM Tool for Carbon Footprint Assessment of Building Design
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2015.447
source Emerging Experience in Past, Present and Future of Digital Architecture, Proceedings of the 20th International Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2015) / Daegu 20-22 May 2015, pp. 447-456
summary The objective of this research is to develop a tool for assessing carbon footprints of a building in the design process using BIM technology. Life cycle assessment and carbon footprint assessment are the two basic criteria in evaluating the emission reduction of CO2e.International assessment standards have been established for mass-produced merchandise and organizational operations. However, the existing standards cannot directly disclose the hotspots of carbon footprints in the building life cycle. An assessment method concerning local climate, living culture, ecology and local construction style is required for building design. This research work presents a framework by which a BIM-enabled data visualization tool is developed to support the carbon disclosure in the building design process.
keywords Carbon Footprint Assessment; BIM; BCF.
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:59

_id cf2019_049
id cf2019_049
authors Lu, Heng; Chen Liu, Daekwon Park, Guohua Ji and Ziyu Tong
year 2019
title Pneumatic Origami Joints A 3D Printed Flexible Joint
source Ji-Hyun Lee (Eds.) "Hello, Culture!"  [18th International Conference, CAAD Futures 2019, Proceedings / ISBN 978-89-89453-05-5] Daejeon, Korea, p. 432
summary This paper describes the design and fabrication process of an adaptive joint using foldable 3D printed structures encased in heat-sealed synthetic polymer films (e.g. airtight plastic casing). The proposed joint can be pneumatically actuated using the airtight casing, and the shape of the deformation can be controlled using origami-inspired 3D printed structures. A zigzag-gap microstructure is designed for the connection portion of the origami structure inside the joint, in order that the rigid 3D printed material (PLA) acquires properties of mollusk material, such as flexibility and softness. Finally, the paper presents some applications adopting pneumatic origami joints which can interact with people or adapting indoor environment, and compares the advantages of this pneumatic technology with mechanical technology.
keywords 3D printing · Adaptive joint · Pneumatic architecture · Origami structure
series CAAD Futures
email
last changed 2019/07/29 14:18

_id caadria2020_377
id caadria2020_377
authors Lu, Ji Rong, Chang, Teng Wen and Wu, Yi Sin
year 2020
title HIGAME+ - Planting as a medium to connect IOT objects in different environments to emotionally interact with elderly people alone
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2020.2.273
source D. Holzer, W. Nakapan, A. Globa, I. Koh (eds.), RE: Anthropocene, Design in the Age of Humans - Proceedings of the 25th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 5-6 August 2020, pp. 273-282
summary Elderly living alone have less chance to communicate with their families, so they tend to feel lonely and lack well-being. This study uses gardening activities which is familiar to elderly as the behavioral medium. Make elderly people living alone and their children living in other places through the Internet of Things system to connect space off-site to emotional interaction. Connect children of elderly 'mobile phone apps to HiGame+ potted plants in the home environment of the elderly, so that family members can care and accompany the plants in the homes of the elderly without space restrictions. At the same time, the potted objects will also record the long-term behaviors of the elderly, and will be transformed into the visualization of mood information to interact with children of elderly from other places to break the limit of spatial distance. Give elderly living alone to be emotionally connected and interactive, to increase their well-being.
keywords Elderly Living Alone; Emotional Interaction; Cross-Space Interaction; Internet of Things; Plant Care
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:59

_id caadria2012_104
id caadria2012_104
authors Lu, Kai-Tzu; Hsin-Hou Lin, Ting-Han Chen and Chi-Fa Fan
year 2012
title Finding the vital houses information using immersive multi-touch interface
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2012.379
source Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / Chennai 25-28 April 2012, pp. 379–386
summary This paper discusses the creation of natural behaviours for multi-touch house information (MTHI) system using Frustrated Total Internal Reflection (FTIR) technology. After analysing how APPLE and Microsoft defined their touch behaviours we discovered that not enough were responding of commercial application. Therefore using basic touching functions as reference we developed some new gestures and GUI for the real estate market. This system was launched to assist real estate salesmen in Taiwan.
keywords House information; navigation; multi-touch; user interface
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:59

_id caadria2020_062
id caadria2020_062
authors Lu, Ming and Yuan, Philip F.
year 2020
title A New Algorithm to Get Optimized Target Plane on 6-Axis Robot For Fabrication
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2020.2.393
source D. Holzer, W. Nakapan, A. Globa, I. Koh (eds.), RE: Anthropocene, Design in the Age of Humans - Proceedings of the 25th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 5-6 August 2020, pp. 393-402
summary In usual robotic fabrication by 6 axis industrial robot such as KUKA ,ABB and other brands ,the usual robot's 4th ,5th and 6th axis is exactly converge in one point .When this type robot (pieper) is doing movement commands ,setting the degree of 4th axis close to zero is an ideal condition for motion stability ,especially for putting device which connect to tool head on 4th axis arm part.In plastic melting or others print which not cares the rotation angle about the printing direction(the printing direction means the effector's output normal direction vector, KUKA is X axis,ABB is Z axis) ,the optimization of 4th axis technology not only makes printing stable but also makes better quality for printing.The paper introduces a new algorithm to get the analytics solution.The algorithm is clear explained by mathematics and geometry ways. At the end of paper, a grasshopper custom plugin is provided ,which contains this new algorithm ,with this plugin, people can get the optimized target path plane more easily.
keywords 3D printing; brick fabrication; robotic; optimization algorithm; grasshopper plugin
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:59

_id ecaade2021_014
id ecaade2021_014
authors Lu, Ming, Zhou, Xinjie, Zhou, Yifan, Zhang, Liming, Zhu, Weiran and Yuan, Philip F.
year 2021
title Research on Realtime Communication and Control Workflow with Vision Feedback Integrated in Robotic Fabrication
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2021.2.145
source Stojakovic, V and Tepavcevic, B (eds.), Towards a new, configurable architecture - Proceedings of the 39th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia, 8-10 September 2021, pp. 145-152
summary On-site construction is one of the main research directions of robot construction. Due to the complex and everchanging construction environment on the site, traditional offline programming and simple conditional programming cannot meet the needs of robot on-site construction at all. Realtime adjustment of the robot's operating program for the real-time situation in the field is the appropriate solution. Therefore, the real-time communication and control of robots has become a key issue for robot on-site construction. This article discusses in turn the way of robot offline program control through EthernetKRL and grasshopper. A remote real-time communication and control method for an on-site construction robot is studied, and the application of the method in the on-site construction process of an actual robot is introduced with the Wuzhen coffee kiosk project as an example. Based on the above methods, remote real-time monitoring of the construction robot on site can be realized, which provides a reference for the actual engineering application of the construction robot on site.
keywords on-site; robot; fabrication; communication; sensor
series eCAADe
type normal paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:59

_id caadria2021_027
id caadria2021_027
authors Lu, Ming, Zhou, Yifan, Wang, Xiang and Yuan, Philip F.
year 2021
title An optimization method for large-scale 3D printing - Generate external axis motion using Fourier series
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2021.1.683
source A. Globa, J. van Ameijde, A. Fingrut, N. Kim, T.T.S. Lo (eds.), PROJECTIONS - Proceedings of the 26th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Online, Hong Kong, 29 March - 1 April 2021, pp. 683-692
summary With the increase in labor costs, more and more robot constructions appear in building construction and spatial structure fabrication. There are many robots working on large-scale objects. When the reach range of the robot cannot meet the requirements, so an external axis is needed. The external axis is usually a linear motion device, which can significantly increase the operating range of the robotic arm. In actual construction, it is also widely used. This article introduces a 3d printing coffee bar project. Because this project is of a large scale and needs to be printed at one time, the XYZ external axis was used in this project to complete the task. Inspired by this project, this article study several methods of optimizing the motion of external axes in large-scale construction. Finally, we chose to use the Fourier series as the most suitable method to optimize the printing path and programed this method as a component of FUROBOT for more convenient use. This article explains the principle of this method in detail. Finally, this article uses a 3D printing example to illustrate the precautions in actual use.
keywords robotics; motion optimize; Fourier series; 3D printing; external axis
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:59

_id caadria2024_49
id caadria2024_49
authors Lu, Owen Zhiyuan, Meng, Leo Lin, Ramos Jaime, Cristina and Haeusler, M. Hank
year 2024
title Clicking is All You Need: Implementing Wave Function Collapse in Early-Stage Design for Manufacturing and Assembly Projects
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2024.1.303
source Nicole Gardner, Christiane M. Herr, Likai Wang, Hirano Toshiki, Sumbul Ahmad Khan (eds.), ACCELERATED DESIGN - Proceedings of the 29th CAADRIA Conference, Singapore, 20-26 April 2024, Volume 1, pp. 303–312
summary Wave Function Collapse (WFC) is a constraint-solving algorithm inspired by the quantum mechanics process. However, few attempts have been made in the Architectural, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry. WFC literature indicates that it is constrained by its low-fidelity, stochastic process, making it hard to apply in real-world designs, hence its potential lack of application in the AEC sector. Yet this research sees an opportunity in Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DfMA). Unlike typical architectural projects, DfMA is often more constrained due to modularity. How the DfMA modularity benefits and constricts the spatial planning process, and if such a priori modular definition better informs the design process, is yet to be explored. Thus, how can the highly constrained spatial rules in DfMA architectural design be used in implementing WFC for higher-fidelity fast design concept prototyping? During the research, a prototype was experimented with and implemented while demonstrating several advantages jointly inherited from both the DfMA and WFC, namely (a) high-resolution rapid prototyping with little user intervention for early-stage DfMA and (b) further building material and topological analytics, were enabled for decision support. Hence, this paper addressed the rarely discussed early-stage design problems in the DfMA lifecycle and contributed to a real-world architectural project-based implementation of WFC integrated into an automated computer-aided architectural design workflow inspired by DfMA’s modularity that aligns with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of 11 Sustainable Cities and Communities and 12 Responsible Consumption and Production.
keywords Wave Function Collapse (WFC), Decision Support Tool, Computational Design, Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DfMA), Modular Building and Construction.
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2024/11/17 22:05

_id eaea2015_t1_paper06
id eaea2015_t1_paper06
authors Lu, Shaoming
year 2015
title Port Heritage: Urban Memory of Harbor Cities (Case Study of Shanghai)
source ENVISIONING ARCHITECTURE: IMAGE, PERCEPTION AND COMMUNICATION OF HERITAGE [ISBN 978-83-7283-681-6],Lodz University of Technology, 23-26 September 2015, pp.71-81
summary Through literary review on historical ports from the 1st Opium War to 1949, this paper mainly focuses on the elements and value of modern ports along the Huangpu River from Baoshan to Minhang. These ports with historical events, places and objects are viewed as urban heritage to arise people’s attention to this kind of memory place during the process of urban transformation. Port heritage with unique material relics and immaterial information makes a great contribution to recalling the massive memory and making identity of the port city, which should be preserved definitely.
keywords port heritage; urban memory
series EAEA
email
last changed 2016/04/22 11:52

_id caadria2019_530
id caadria2019_530
authors Lu, Siliang, Wang, Shihan, Cochran Hameen, Erica, Shi, Jie and Zou, Yue
year 2019
title Comfort-Based Integrative HVAC System with Non-Intrusive Sensing in Office Buildings
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2019.1.785
source M. Haeusler, M. A. Schnabel, T. Fukuda (eds.), Intelligent & Informed - Proceedings of the 24th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand, 15-18 April 2019, pp. 785-794
summary Heating, ventilation and air-conditioning system plays a key role in shaping the built environment. The effective and efficient HVAC operations not only achieve energy savings but also create a more comfortable environment for occupant indoors. Since current HVAC systems with fixed schedules cannot guarantee the operation with high energy efficiency and provision of comfortable thermal environment for occupants, it is of great importance to develop new paradigm of HVAC system framework, especially in the open-plan office environment so that everyone could work under their preferred thermal environment. Moreover, compared to environment-related factors to thermal comfort, sensing systems for occupant-related factors such as clothing insulation, metabolic rate, skin temperature have not had standardized yet and most of sensing systems for occupant-related factors may either result in privacy issue or are too intrusive. Hence, it is necessary to develop a new non-intrusive and less private sensing framework for monitoring individual thermal comfort in real-time. Therefore, this paper proposes an integrative comfort-based personalized cooling system with the operation of the centralized systems in office buildings. The results show that such integrative and interactive HVAC system for workplaces has advantages over thermal comfort improvements and energy savings.
keywords Adaptive thermal comfort; Non-intrusive personalized cooling system; Occupant-responsive HVAC control; Intelligent workplace
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:59

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