CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id ecaade2011_011
id ecaade2011_011
authors Spaeth, A. Benjamin ; Menges, Achim
year 2011
title Performative Design for Spatial Acoustics: Concept for an evolutionary design algorithm based on acoustics as design driver
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2011.461
source RESPECTING FRAGILE PLACES [29th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-9-4912070-1-3], University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Architecture (Slovenia) 21-24 September 2011, pp.461-468
summary The paper presents a performance-oriented design explorer tool focusing on finding spatial concepts based on acoustic parameters. The design explorer is a genetic evolutionary algorithm realizing evaluation through room acoustical and room morphological criteria. The paper describes the concept of the design system focusing on the synthesis of geometry, assignment of material properties, on the implementation of evaluation criteria and on the description of relevant acoustic criteria. The presented experimental algorithm is part of doctoral research work in progress. It marks a research milestone describing the concept and implementation of an evolutionary algorithm for spatial acoustics and presenting results produced by the proof of concept algorithm.
wos WOS:000335665500053
keywords Performative design; room acoustics; evolutionary algorithm; design methodology
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/05/01 23:21

_id ecaade2016_104
id ecaade2016_104
authors Spaeth, A. Benjamin, Dounas, Theodoros and Kieferle, Joachim
year 2016
title Complexity and Simplicity - Tensions in teaching computation to large numbers of architecture students
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2016.1.229
source Herneoja, Aulikki; Toni Österlund and Piia Markkanen (eds.), Complexity & Simplicity - Proceedings of the 34th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, 22-26 August 2016, pp. 229-236
summary This paper describes the challenges and approaches to introduce computational thinking to a large and diverse group of architecture students during an international workshop with 300 students from different cultural backgrounds and educational levels, also integrating a diverse group of tutors whose computational expertise varied extremely. The approach suggested articulating a design task which enforced computational thinking but enabled different levels of engagement with the computer as a tool. Hypothetically this would allow all participants to engage with the computational thinking agenda regardless their computational affinity even whilst applying analogue methods. Besides the intercultural experience the workshop was successful in exposing a large group of students and tutors to the concepts of computational design whilst accommodating different learning preferences and engagement with the computer as a device.
wos WOS:000402063700026
keywords Computation Education; CAAD; Large Cohorts; Computational Strategies
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:56

_id ecaadesigradi2019_669
id ecaadesigradi2019_669
authors Spaeth, A. Benjamin
year 2019
title Aesthetics in Computational Design - A reflection on Max Bense's theory on aesthetics of information and state of things.
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.2.855
source Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 2, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 855-862
summary Current dominance of functionalist and performance related approaches to computational design and methods in architecture are investigated under the precondition of Max Bense's theory of aesthetic potential. Establishing Bense's taxonomy of aesthetic potential and applying it to selected computational methods the level of aesthetic potential within the different computational approaches is investigated. Frei Otto's soap bubble experiments serve as a reference to illustrate different levels of aesthetic potential. Bense's aesthetic potential, which lies not in the eye of the beholder but is immanent to the object itself as a property of the object, suggests that computational design systems synthesising objects based on rules or embedded constraints appear to either have little aesthetic potential or receive their aesthetic potential form the outside of the computational system, namely the interaction with the user. Evolutionary design systems appear to create objects or processes with a certain aesthetic potential within Bense's theoretical framework.
keywords Max Bense; aesthetic states; computational aesthetics; aesthetic theory
series eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:56

_id sigradi2008_186
id sigradi2008_186
authors Spallone, Roberta
year 2008
title Questions of graphic standardization in the teaching of Computer Aided Architectural Drawing
source SIGraDi 2008 - [Proceedings of the 12th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] La Habana - Cuba 1-5 December 2008
summary In this paper I want to present some considerations about graphic standards applied to CAD drawing and object of teaching in I Faculty of Architecture of Polytechnic of Turin. They concern both the specific formats of CAD’s software (as the layers, the file naming…) and the relationship between Italian and European Graphic Standards (UNI and ISO) and CAD systems of representation about the line thicknesses, the text styles and dimensions, the scales, the material renditions… Aim of the research is to introduce the students of the first year of Architecture to the problems of drawing standards applied to the architectural design. With regard to layer standards were analyzed in particular the “AIA CAD Layer Guidelines” related to the “University of Kansas Layer Standard”. Starting from these two sources I have synthesized the format of an architectural scale drawing (1:200-1:50) in a limited number of layers, useful for beginners both in architecture and in CAD. With regard, for example, to material renditions, were compared the “Basic conventions for representing areas on cuts and sections”, proposed by UNI ISO, with the hatches offered by software, and were selected and customized the most useful in architectural drawing. The results of this work, partial and continuously updated, consist of a series of proposals oriented to optimize the students’ method of CAD drawing, complying with the existent graphic standards.
keywords Graphic standards, Teaching, Architectural design drawing
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 10:01

_id ascaad2007_025
id ascaad2007_025
authors Speed, C.
year 2007
title A Social Dimension to Digital Architectural Practice
source Em‘body’ing Virtual Architecture: The Third International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2007), 28-30 November 2007, Alexandria, Egypt, pp. 291-304
summary In 1995 the first in a series of three books were published by Academy Editions, that have since become a vivid handbook that documents how designers responded to the development of architectural drawing applications and the growth of the internet, to establish a form of digital architecture. Offering dramatic images and emotive texts, many of the architects and designers featured in these books deeply affected the perception of digital architecture’s mission by students and elements of the design community. Concentrating upon how to resolve the view that time and space are separate dimensions, and the immersive and dematerial potentials of cyberspace, the developments of this ‘cyberromanticism’ (Coyne 1999) ultimately were not used to sustain digital architectural activity. This paper uses the Academy Editions series to understand how such a vivid aspect of digital architecture failed to fulfil its aspirations. The paper begins by establishing the premise for digital architecture through a link with mainstream architectures interest in the concept of shelter. Through a summary of the practical and theoretical methods outlined by the early designers within the series of publications, the paper demonstrates the critical potential of the field. However a summary of how the proliferation of early imagery fuelled a visual mannerism traces how the third Architects in Cyberspace publication represented a crisis in both identity and practice. The paper then identifies an opportunity for recovering the theoretical imperatives within digital architecture by reflecting upon the emergence of ‘interactive architectures’ use of a ‘social’ dimension that was previously hindered by the use of computer applications in early digital architecture. The paper closes with a reference to two of the authors practical projects that use social data to inform the generation of digital architecture.
series ASCAAD
email
last changed 2008/01/21 22:00

_id acadia23_v2_318
id acadia23_v2_318
authors Spencer, Lawson; Htet Kyaw, Alexander; Zivkovic, Sasa; Lok, Leslie
year 2023
title Extended Reality Workflows for Multi-Material Construction and Assemblies
source ACADIA 2023: Habits of the Anthropocene: Scarcity and Abundance in a Post-Material Economy [Volume 2: Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference for the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9891764-0-3]. Denver. 26-28 October 2023. edited by A. Crawford, N. Diniz, R. Beckett, J. Vanucchi, M. Swackhamer 318-328.
summary The architecture and construction industries have been developing methods to integrate Augmented Reality (AR) and Mixed Reality (MR) workflows into the building industry for 1-to-1 scale design, visualization, and paperless fabrication. While these AR workflows have been primarily focused on mono-material assemblies, this paper investigates the potential of AR and MR for multi-material fabrication, combining various materials and structural components throughout each phase of the construction of the Unlog Tower. The installation uses infested and dying ash trees to construct a 36-foot-tall triangular, lightweight timber structure. The Unlog Tower leverages bending active elastic kinematics to stretch robotically kerfed logs braced by threaded rods and tube steel. Three extended reality (XR) workflows were explored for the construction of this bespoke timber struc- ture: (1) fiducial marker coordinated AR instruction, (2) multiple QR code AR instruction, and (3) gesture-based MR instruction. These XR workflows incorporate feedback-based construction notation and animation for the assembly of non-standard natural materials and standardized parts through three construction phases: materials to parts, parts to prefab modules, and onsite assembly. The research highlights the potential of AR and MR workflows for human-machine interaction in robotic fabrication, analog means of making, prefabrication, onsite construction, and coordination. The result of this investigation has demonstrated many advantages and disadvantages of varying AR/MR workflows in facili- tating the construction of multi-material and multi-phase structural assemblies.
series ACADIA
type paper
email
last changed 2024/12/20 09:12

_id ijac20042305
id ijac20042305
authors Sperling David M.
year 2004
title Architecture as a Digital Diagram
source International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 2 - no. 3, 371-387
summary This paper results from interdisciplinary research about dynamic and transformational processes of conception, representation and spatial construction in Architecture. This work systematizes the common bases of the diagram offered by disciplines that deal with processes of representation, such as Cognitive Science, Logical Semiotics, Mathematical Logic and Philosophy, and of spatial investigation such as Topology and Architecture. It outlines operative components (trans, inter and intra-diagrams) and the diagram's phenomenological variables (thought, space, time) and establishes mutual relationships between it, digital media and Architecture, with the intent of developing the understanding of the digital diagram as an enhanced way of placing information in time and space.
series journal
more http://www.multi-science.co.uk/ijac.htm
last changed 2007/03/04 07:08

_id caadria2017_069
id caadria2017_069
authors Dritsas, Stylianos, Chen, Lujie and Sass, Lawrence
year 2017
title Small 3D Printers / Large Scale Artifacts - Computation for Automated Spatial Lattice Design-to-Fabrication with Low Cost Linear Elements and 3D Printed Nodes
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2017.821
source P. Janssen, P. Loh, A. Raonic, M. A. Schnabel (eds.), Protocols, Flows, and Glitches - Proceedings of the 22nd CAADRIA Conference, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China, 5-8 April 2017, pp. 821-830
summary The presented process enables users to design, fabricate and assemble spatial lattices comprised of linear stock materials such as round section timber, aluminum or acrylic dowels and complex 3D printed joints. The motivation for the development of this application is informed by the incredible availability of low cost 3D printers which enable anyone to produce small scale artifacts; deploying rapid prototyping to achieve larger scale artifacts than the machine's effective work envelope is a challenge for additive manufacturing; and the trend in the design computing world away highly technical specialized software towards general public applications.
keywords Design Computation; Digital Fabrication; 3D Printing; Spatial Lattices; Design to Production
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:55

_id caadria2022_55
id caadria2022_55
authors Dritsas, Stylianos, Hoo, Jian Li and Fernandez, Javier
year 2022
title Sustainable Rapid Prototyping with Fungus-Like Adhesive Materials
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.2.263
source Jeroen van Ameijde, Nicole Gardner, Kyung Hoon Hyun, Dan Luo, Urvi Sheth (eds.), POST-CARBON - Proceedings of the 27th CAADRIA Conference, Sydney, 9-15 April 2022, pp. 263-272
summary The purpose of the research work presented in this paper is to develop a sustainable rapid prototyping technology. Fused filament fabrication using synthetic polymers is today the most popular method of rapid prototyping. This has environmental repercussions because the short-lived artifacts produced using rapid prototyping contribute to the problem of plastic waste. Natural biological materials, namely Fungus-Like Adhesive Materials (FLAM) investigated here, offer a sustainable alternative. FLAM are cellulose and chitin composites with renewable sourcing and naturally biodegradable characteristics. The 3D printing process developed for FLAM in the past, targeted large-scale additive manufacturing applications. Here we assess the feasibility of increasing its resolution such that it can be used for rapid prototyping. Challenges and solutions related to material, mechanical and environmental control parameters are presented as well as experimental prototypes aimed at evaluating the proposed process characteristics.
keywords Rapid Prototyping, Sustainable Manufacturing, Digital Fabrication, Robotic Fabrication, SDG 12
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/07/22 07:34

_id sigradi2003_046
id sigradi2003_046
authors Sperling, David
year 2003
title Diagrama e processo. O diagrama como processo (Diagram and process. The diagram as process)
source SIGraDi 2003 - [Proceedings of the 7th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Rosario Argentina 5-7 november 2003
summary This work develops their ideas by means of the concept of topologic processual diagram. This threefold concept (topology, process, diagram) is investigated in different areas such Cognitive Science, Logic (Mathematics and Semiotics) and Philosophy, in order to enrich the analyse of its actuation in the field of Topology. In this analysis, the topologic processual diagram is described as an operative-representational medium of spatial structural relations (the object's topology), with three variables: thought, space and time. Finally, this concept is investigated within the realm of the project and representation in Architecture, building up a critical dialogue with diagrams, its use and reference, as performed by paradigmatic contemporary architects.
keywords Diagram, design process, topology, space, time
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 10:01

_id caadria2012_003
id caadria2012_003
authors Dritsas, Stylianos
year 2012
title Rationalisation of complex building envelopes
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2012.007
source Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / Chennai 25-28 April 2012, pp. 7–16
summary Rationalization of architectural geometry is paramount to a design’s manufacturing and construction. This paper presents a methodology of pre/post rationalization of building envelope geometry using statistical computation.
keywords Rationalisation; optimisation; geometry; computation
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:55

_id sigradi2015_3.212
id sigradi2015_3.212
authors Sperling, David M.; Herrera, Pablo C.; Celani, Gabriela; Scheeren, Rodrigo
year 2015
title Digital Fabrication in South America: mapping lines of action from architecture and urbanism
source SIGRADI 2015 [Proceedings of the 19th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - vol. 1 - ISBN: 978-85-8039-135-0] Florianópolis, SC, Brasil 23-27 November 2015, pp. 119-125.
summary The article presents a mapping of digital fabrication laboratories in South America from the architecture and urbanism field. First, it draws a brief context of implementation of facilities and growing of expertise highlighting economic, academic and cultural aspects. Second, it presents some data mapped from 31 laboratories of the region, as infrastructure, and correlations between uses and applications. Third, it organizes the mapped laboratories in two significant approaches for the region’s context: works focused on technological development and actions directed to the social and environmental development. Fourth, it infers some possible steps of the field in the region in the near future.
keywords Digital Fabrication, Laboratories, South America, Technological Development, Social and Environmental Development
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 10:01

_id sigradi2015_3.201
id sigradi2015_3.201
authors Sperling, David M.; Vandier, Inácio; Scheeren, Rodrigo
year 2015
title Feeling the space: design with tactile models
source SIGRADI 2015 [Proceedings of the 19th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - vol. 1 - ISBN: 978-85-8039-135-0] Florianópolis, SC, Brasil 23-27 November 2015, pp. 108-112.
summary The article presents the pedagogical experience of the elective course “Feel the space: design with tactile models” held at the Institute of Architecture and Urbanism of USP / S?o Carlos in 2014. From the critique of the primacy of seeing, the experimental activity proposed a housing design process with a visually impaired person, using models, plants and tactile maps. Were investigated and compared the free use of materials and processes with the use of digital fabrication - MDF plates manufactured with a laser cutting machine. As a result, it is presented the tactile representation system developed in the activity.
keywords Design, Perception, Representation, Tactile Models, Digital Fabrication
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 10:01

_id 2006_778
id 2006_778
authors Dritsas, Stylianos; Renos Charitou and Lars Hesselgren
year 2006
title Computational Methods on Tall Buildings - The Bishopsgate Tower
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2006.778
source Communicating Space(s) [24th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-5-9] Volos (Greece) 6-9 September 2006, pp. 778-785
summary This paper summarizes the ongoing research done on The Bishopsgate Tower in the City of London using parametric design methodologies. The process is indicative of how computational methods will develop in the future and help designers find solutions for increasingly complex spaces.
keywords Tall Buildings; Computational Geometry; Building Information Management; Façade Optimization
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:55

_id ab23
authors Dromey, Geoff R.
year 1983
title Before Programming : On Teaching Introductory Computing
source 1983? 10 p. includes bibliography
summary In comparison with most other human intellectual activities, computing is in its infancy despite the progress we seem to have made in such a short time. Consequently, there has been insufficient time for the evolution of 'best ways' to transmit computing concepts and skills. It is therefore prudent to look to more mature disciplines for some guidelines on effective ways to introduce computing to beginners. In this respect the discipline of teaching people to read and write in a natural language is highly relevant. A fundamental characteristic of this latter discipline is that a substantial amount of time is devoted to teaching people to read long before they are asked to write stories, essays, etc. In teaching computing people seem to have overlooked or neglected what corresponds to the reading stage in the process of learning to read and write. In the discussion which follows the author looks at ways of economically giving students the 'computer-reading experience' and preparing them for the more difficult tasks of algorithm design and computer problem-solving
keywords programming, education,
series CADline
last changed 2003/06/02 13:58

_id ecaadesigradi2019_370
id ecaadesigradi2019_370
authors Sperling, David, Vizioli, Simone Helena Tanoue, Botasso, Gabriel Braulio, Tiberti, Mateus Segnini, Santana, Eduardo Felipe Zambom and Sígolo, Brianda de Oliveira Ordonho
year 2019
title Crossing Timelines - Main research topics in the histories of eCAADe and SIGraDi
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.1.407
source Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 1, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 407-416
summary Being in tune with the joint eCAADe and SIGraDi conference, this paper systematizes and analyzes data related to the set of papers presented in the history of the conferences of both societies. Which paths traced from eCAADe and SIGraDi brought us to the "architecture in the age of the fourth industrial revolution"? This paper describes a bibliometric study focused on eCCADe and SIGraDi papers from 2003 to 2018 retrieved from CumInCad by using an open source software developed by the team for this research. The most used keywords and most cited authors, cross-citations between societies and time series about this data were synthesized, recovering part of the histories of these societies. Some similarities and differences between them are pointed out allowing to understand their past for better drawing their future.
keywords CAAD; History; Bibliometrics; Cumincad; eCAADe; SIGraDi
series eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:56

_id sigradi2006_p008e
id sigradi2006_p008e
authors Sperling, David
year 2006
title Evento: arquitetura e arte na era da experiência midiatizada [Event: architecture and art in the era of mediatized experience]
source SIGraDi 2006 - [Proceedings of the 10th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Santiago de Chile - Chile 21-23 November 2006, pp. 456-460
summary The field of this text is the problematization, by the philosophic concept of event, of the basis of the artistic and architectural practices amplied by digital means inside the contemporary cultural context. One can delineate a field composed in one side, by the philosophical concepts and, in other side, by the current senses in the cultural sphere – oscillating between them, emerge the senses in architecture and art. The event as an unforeseeable and not programmable rupture, central to the philosophies of Gilles Deleuze and Alain Badiou, is a critic concept to the contemporary context habited by programmed and prescribed events of performance. The emergence of effective evental sites, promoting rupture with the contemporary performing quotidian, is the main challenge to the digital and hybrid artistic/architectural practices, based in operations of regulated (un)foreseeability.
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 10:01

_id sigradi2007_af93
id sigradi2007_af93
authors Sperling, David; Ruy Sardinha
year 2007
title Dislocations of the spatial experience: From earthwork to liquid architecture [Deslocamentos da experiência espacial: De earthwork a arquitetura líquida]
source SIGraDi 2007 - [Proceedings of the 11th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] México D.F. - México 23-25 October 2007, pp. 423-427
summary This article reflects about the contemporary notion of “spatial experience” that can be drawn by means of the emergence of the “expanded field” in arts (Rosalind Krauss, 1979). For a perspective view of this notion and for its problematization in the current time we pretend to stablish a counterpoint between two historic moments related to the expansion of the spatial field and its experience: the 1960´s, with the focus on the immanent space by artistic propositions, and nowadays, with the ocurrence of “fusional fields” of art-architecture-landscape-digital media. We adopt as strategy to construct the question, the approximation of two paradigmatic works for their respective epochs: the “earthwork” Spiral Jetty of Robert Smithson, constructed in 1970 in the Great Salt Lake (Utah, USA) and the ephemeral architecture of Blur Building of Elizabeth Diller and Ricardo Scofidio, constructed in 2002 in the Lake Neuchatel, for the Suiss Expo (Yverdon-les-Bains – Suiss).
keywords Art; architecture; media; expanded field; spatial experience
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 10:01

_id ddss9855
id ddss9855
authors Spinelli, Juçara and Krafta, Romulo
year 1998
title Urban Land Value Distribution UnderConfigurational Scrutiny
source Timmermans, Harry (Ed.), Fourth Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning Maastricht, the Netherlands), ISBN 90-6814-081-7, July 26-29, 1998
summary In the present study were evaluated land parceling problems under aspects of spatial configuration related to land value (lv). Paradoxical cases occur in urban spaces, such as low spatial differentiation and high lv, or vice-versa. Determined urban areas are identified as having high centrality, with intense land use and occupation, and, therefore, high market value. Conversely, other urban areas are identified as having low centrality value, certain degradation, or lack of infrastructure and urban equipment, and, consequently, low lv. Empirical studies have proved satisfactory results interms of the correlation between measures of configuration and lv. These studies verify the convenience of the models used to describe significant aspects of spatial differentiation. The complementation of the methodological proposal is identified, and other components of urban space are calculated (plot dimension, infrastructure, normative aspects, etc.). These are determinant measures that characterize the local factor associated with measures that determine the morphological differentiation.This differentiation demonstrated that land value distribution, besides following centrality, depends, in greater or lesser extent, on the local factor. The results obtained, through a model that combines measures of centrality with local characteristics, approached reality because the model incorporated a greater number of variables which allowed the verification of correlated socioeconomic and spatial matters related to parceling, value, and configuration.
series DDSS
email
last changed 2003/08/07 16:36

_id 8587
authors Duarte, Claudia
year 2000
title Olhando o "Grande Vidro" como Interface (Looking the "Large Glass" as an Interface)
source SIGraDi’2000 - Construindo (n)o espacio digital (constructing the digital Space) [4th SIGRADI Conference Proceedings / ISBN 85-88027-02-X] Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) 25-28 september 2000, pp. 301-303
summary This work intends to examine a work of art, specifically the Large Glass from Marcel Duchamp, based on the concept of interface. The analysis is based on the spectator’s action and on the conditions that the work establishes in a way that the action updates the work and transforms it continuously. Three points, based on the Large Glass, are proposed for the work of art to organize the spectator’s action creatively: (-) Technology conceived as creation process (-) Virtualization of representative supports, from the internal projections of the spectator. (-) Production of specific subjectivation process. // These aspects can be applied for the reflection on the establishment of creative relationships between utilitarian interfaces and their users.
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:50

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