Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	22d6
authors	Ballheim, F. and Leppert, J.
year	1991
title	Architecture with Machines, Principles and Examples of CAAD-Education at the Technische Universität München
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1991.x.h3w
source	Experiences with CAAD in Education and Practice [eCAADe Conference Proceedings] Munich (Germany) 17-19 October 1991
summary	"Design tools affect the results of the design process" - this is the starting point of our considerations about the efficient use of CAAD within architecture. To give you a short overview about what we want to say with this thesis lets have a short - an surely incomplete - trip through the fourth dimension back into the early time of civil engineering. As CAD in our faculty is integrated in the "Lehrstuhl für Hochbaustatik und Tragwerksplanung" (if we try to say it in English it would approximately be "institute of structural design"), we chose an example we are very familiar with because of its mathematical background - the cone sections: Circle, ellipse, parabola and hyperbola. If we start our trip two thousand years ago we only find the circle - or in very few cases the ellipse - in their use for the ground plan of greek or roman theaters - if you think of Greek amphitheaters or the Colosseum in Rome - or for the design of the cross section of a building - for example the Pantheon, roman aqueducts or bridges. With the rediscovery of the perspective during the Renaissance the handling of the ellipse was brought to perfection. May be the most famous example is the Capitol in Rome designed by Michelangelo Buonarotti with its elliptical ground plan that looks like a circle if the visitor comes up the famous stairway. During the following centuries - caused by the further development of the natural sciences and the use of new construction materials, i.e. cast-iron, steel or concrete - new design ideas could be realized. With the growing influence of mathematics on the design of buildings we got the division into two professions: Civil engineering and architecture. To the regret of the architects the most innovative constructions were designed by civil engineers, e.g. the early iron bridges in Britain or the famous bridges of Robert Maillard. Nowadays we are in the situation that we try to reintegrate the divided professions. We will return to that point later discussing possible solutions of this problem. But let us continue our 'historical survey demonstrating the state of the art we have today. As the logical consequence of the parabolic and hyperbolic arcs the hyperbolic parabolic shells were developed using traditional design techniques like models and orthogonal sections. Now we reach the point where the question comes up whether complex structures can be completely described by using traditional methods. A question that can be answered by "no" if we take the final step to the completely irregular geometry of cable- net-constructions or deconstructivistic designs. What we see - and what seems to support our thesis of the connection between design tools and the results of the design process - is, that on the one hand new tools enabled the designer to realize new ideas and on the other hand new ideas affected the development of new tools to realize them.
series	eCAADe
more	http://www.mediatecture.at/ecaade/91/ballheim_leppert.pdf
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	a1dc
authors	Budd, T.
year	1991
title	An introduction to Object Oriented programming
source	Addison-Wesley
summary	In An Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming, Timothy Budd provides a language-independent presentation of object-oriented principles, such as objects, methods, inheritance (including multiple inheritance) and polymorphism. Examples are drawn from several different languages, including (among others) C++, C#, Java, CLOS, Delphi, Eiffel, Objective-C and Smalltalk. By examining many languages, the reader is better able to appreciate the general principles that lie beyond the syntax of the individual languages.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	maver_069
id	maver_069
authors	Clarke, J. and Maver, T.W.
year	1991
title	Advanced Design Tools for Energy Conscious Building Design
source	Building and Environment, Pergamon Press, vol Vol 26, No 1, 25-34
series	other
email
last changed	2003/09/03 15:01

_id	cdb1
authors	Cornick, T., Noble, B. and Hallahan, C.
year	1991
title	The Limitations of Current Working Practices on the Development of Computer Integrating Modelling in Construction
source	computer Integrated Future, CIB W78 Seminar. Calibre, The Netherlands: Eindhoven University of Technology, september, 1991. Unnumbered. includes bibliography
summary	For the construction Industry to improve its processes through the application computer-based systems, traditional working practices must first change to support the integrated control of design and construction. Current manual methods of practice accept the limitations of man to process a wide range of building performance and production information simultaneously. However when these limitations are removed, through the applications of computer systems, the constraints of manual methods need no longer apply. The first generation of computer applications to the Construction Industry merely modelled the divided and sequential processes of manual methods i.e. drafting, specification writing, engineering and quantity calculations, estimating, billing, material ordering data-bases and activity planning. Use of these systems raises expectations that connections within the computer between the processes modelled can actually be made and faster and more integrated information processing be achieved. 'Linking' software is then developed. The end result of this approach was that users were able to produce information faster, present it in an impressive manner but, in reality, no perceived improvement in actual building performance, production economy or efficiency was realized. A current government sponsored Teaching Company Programme with a UK design and build company is addressing the problem of how real economic benefit can be realized through improvement in, amongst other things, their existing computer applications. This work is being carried out by both considering an academic conceptual model of how 'designing for production' can be achieved in computer applications and what is immediately realizable in practice by modelling the integration of a limited number of knowledge domains to which computers are already being applied. i.e. billing from design, estimating and buying. This paper describes each area of work and how they are impacting on each other
keywords	construction, building process, integration
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	673a
authors	Fukuda, T., Nagahama, R. and Sasada, T.
year	1997
title	Networked Interactive 3-D design System for Collaboration
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.1997.429
source	CAADRIA ‘97 [Proceedings of the Second Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 957-575-057-8] Taiwan 17-19 April 1997, pp. 429-437
summary	The concept of ODE (Open Design Environment) and corresponding system were presented in 1991. Then the new concept of NODE. which is networked version of ODE. was generated to make wide area collaboration in 1994. The aim of our research is to facilitate the collaboration among the various people involved in the design process of an urban or architectural project. This includes various designers and engineers, the client and the citizens who may be affected by such a project. With the new technologies of hyper medium, network, and component architecture, we have developed NODE system and applied in practical use of the collaboration among the various people. This study emphasizes the interactive 3-D design tool of NODE which is able to make realistic and realtime presentation with interactive interface. In recent years, ProjectFolder of NODE system, which is a case including documents, plans, and tools to proceed project., is created in the World Wide Web (WWW) and makes hyper links between a 3-D object and a text, an image. and other digital data.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	c882
authors	Gantz, John
year	1991
title	The Market at Large
source	Computer Graphics World. April, 1991. vol. 14: pp. 27-33 : tables
summary	The computer graphics market has embarked on a long journey that began somewhere in the 1970s and won't end until the turn of the century. As the worldwide economy experiences a recession, deals with war in the Middle East and the restoration of an Eastern Europe market, the graphics market is in great shape to weather anything the economy throws at it. The article discusses the reasons for that
keywords	business, computer graphics
series	CADline
last changed	1999/02/12 15:08

_id	b04c
authors	Goerger, S., Darken, R., Boyd, M., Gagnon, T., Liles, S., Sullivan, J. and Lawson, J.
year	1996
title	Spatial Knowledge Acquisition from Maps and Virtual Environments in Complex Architectural Space
source	Proc. 16 th Applied Behavioral Sciences Symposium, 22-23 April, U.S. Airforce Academy, Colorado Springs, CO., 1996, 6-10
summary	It has often been suggested that due to its inherent spatial nature, a virtual environment (VE) might be a powerful tool for spatial knowledge acquisition of a real environment, as opposed to the use of maps or some other two-dimensional, symbolic medium. While interesting from a psychological point of view, a study of the use of a VE in lieu of a map seems nonsensical from a practical point of view. Why would the use of a VE preclude the use of a map? The more interesting investigation would be of the value added of the VE when used with a map. If the VE could be shown to substantially improve navigation performance, then there might be a case for its use as a training tool. If not, then we have to assume that maps continue to be the best spatial knowledge acquisition tool available. An experiment was conducted at the Naval Postgraduate School to determine if the use of an interactive, three-dimensional virtual environment would enhance spatial knowledge acquisition of a complex architectural space when used in conjunction with floor plan diagrams. There has been significant interest in this research area of late. Witmer, Bailey, and Knerr (1995) showed that a VE was useful in acquiring route knowledge of a complex building. Route knowledge is defined as the procedural knowledge required to successfully traverse paths between distant locations (Golledge, 1991). Configurational (or survey) knowledge is the highest level of spatial knowledge and represents a map-like internal encoding of the environment (Thorndyke, 1980). The Witmer study could not confirm if configurational knowledge was being acquired. Also, no comparison was made to a map-only condition, which we felt is the most obvious alternative. Comparisons were made only to a real world condition and a symbolic condition where the route is presented verbally.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

_id	2559
authors	Knight, Terry W.
year	1991
title	Designing with Grammars
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures: Education, Research, Applications [CAAD Futures ‘91 Conference Proceedings / ISBN 3-528-08821-4] Zürich (Switzerland), July 1991, pp. 33-48
summary	Shape grammars that generate languages of designs have been used widely over the past several years to describe and understand a diversity of architectural and other styles of designs. These grammars have been developed to address two fundamental concerns in design: 1) the analysis of contemporary or historic styles of designs, and 2) the synthesis or creation of completely new and original styles of designs. Most applications of shape grammars so far have been concerned with analysis. The creative use of shape grammars - the use of grammars to invent new architectural or other designs - has not been exploited nearly as well. A new series of exercises for designing with shape grammars, and also with color grammars, is sketched informally here. These exercises are currently being used in classes in the Architecture and Urban Design Program at U.C.L.A.
series	CAAD Futures
last changed	1999/04/07 12:03

_id	0ed4
authors	Kusama, H., Fukuda, T., Park, J.W. and Sasada, T.
year	1996
title	Networked CAD System for Designer Group
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.1996.153
source	CAADRIA ‘96 [Proceedings of The First Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 9627-75-703-9] Hong Kong (Hong Kong) 25-27 April 1996, pp. 153-161
summary	Open Design Environment (ODE), the concept of which was proposed in 1991, is a platform on computers to support synthetic to proceed design. We have applied ODE in practical use of design, design review and presentation to make collaboration by using CG in design participants. Recent linkage between LAN and Wide Area Network, just as the Internet, gave ODE a new progress to make wide area collaboration. It leads to generate the concept of Network ODE (NODE). However, we have found some problems on system to proceed the wide area collaboration by using ODE’s Design Tools. Since they are developed on the specific computer system, they can not correspond to the wide area collaboration on various network environments. As a result, the re-arrangement of design environment and the development of Design Tools are needed, which are rather flexible and general purpose, i.e. independent of machine sort and network adaptive. In this paper, to proceed collaboration in a designer group, how to create the system of NODE is demonstrated with the new Key Technologies of network and CG.
series	CAADRIA
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	eee5
authors	Luczak, H., Beitz, W., Springer, J. and Langner, T.
year	1991
title	Frictions and Frustrations in Creative-Informatory Work with Computer Aided Design -- CAD-Systems -- Congress I: Work with Terminals: HEALTH ASPECTS: WORKLOAD, STRESS AND STRAIN AND IRREGULAR WORKING HOURS; Causes and Measures of Stress
source	Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction 1991 v.1 pp. 175-179
summary	The effects of computer aided design work on the design process are analysed by field experiments. The study focuses on the influence of 3 different design tasks (standard tasks) and 11 CAD-systems (2D and 3D), taking into account the performance and strain measurements of 43 subjects (15 design engineers, 8 technicians, 17 draughtsmen, 3 trainees). The 3 standard tasks differ in performance measurements, especially in time spent on task, quantity of generated elements, not in the quality of the solution. The kind of CAD-system influences the time spent on task as well as the design performance, with significant differences of up to 100%. The same tendency can be diagnosed in a comparison of 2D and 3D systems. During the use of different functions of the CAD-system, strain effects are identified by cross-correlation with continuously measured physiological parameters, even with CAD-functions which should reduce stresses of routine work. Deficits and complications in the handling of CAD-systems increase with the complexity of the system and thus cause an antinome effect on performance and strain of its operators: creativity is reduced by frictions and frustrations in system handling even if operators are highly trained.
keywords	Stressor Analysis; Performance Measurement; Field-Experiment; Design Process
series	other
last changed	2002/07/07 16:01

_id	maver_070
id	maver_070
authors	Maver, T.W. and Petric, J.
year	1991
title	Computer Aided Architectural Design: The Next Generation
source	Proceedings of ICOGRAPHICS 91, Milan
summary	Currently there is very rapid progress in the development of computer based techniques for the visual simulation of those environments which are physically inaccessible. Three such developments are discussed advanced lighting models, interactive animation and virtual reality. The paper then proposes, in the context of building design, a more technically comprehensive approach to experiencing architectural space.
series	other
email
last changed	2003/09/03 15:01

_id	2914
authors	Mortola, Elena and Giangrande, Alessandro
year	1991
title	An Evaluation Module for "An Interface for Designing" (AID)- A Procedure based on Trichotomic Segmentation
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures: Education, Research, Applications [CAAD Futures ‘91 Conference Proceedings / ISBN 3-528-08821-4] Zürich (Switzerland), July 1991, pp. 139-154
summary	The paper illustrates a model used to construct the evaluation module for "An Interface for Designing" (AID), a system to aid architectural design. The model can be used at the end of every cycle of analysis-synthesis-evaluation in the intermediate phases of design development. With the aid of this model it is possible to evaluate the quality of a project in overall terms to establish whether the project is acceptable, whether it should be elaborated ex-novo or whether it is necessary to begin a new cycle to improve it. In this last case it is also possible to evaluate the effectiveness of the possible actions and strategies for improvement. T he model is based on a procedure of trichotomic segmentation, developed within the MCDA (Multi- Criteria Decision Aid), which uses the outranking relation to compare the project with some evaluation profiles taken as projects for reference. In the paper an example of the application of the model in the teaching field will also be described.
series	CAAD Futures
last changed	1999/04/07 12:03

_id	3105
authors	Novak, T.P., Hoffman, D.L., and Yung, Y.-F.
year	1996
title	Modeling the structure of the flow experience
source	INFORMS Marketing Science and the Internet Mini-Conference, MIT
summary	The flow construct (Csikszentmihalyi 1977) has recently been proposed by Hoffman and Novak (1996) as essential to understanding consumer navigation behavior in online environments such as the World Wide Web. Previous researchers (e.g. Csikszentmihalyi 1990; Ghani, Supnick and Rooney 1991; Trevino and Webster 1992; Webster, Trevino and Ryan 1993) have noted that flow is a useful construct for describing more general human-computer interactions. Hoffman and Novak define flow as the state occurring during network navigation which is: 1) characterized by a seamless sequence of responses facilitated by machine interactivity, 2) intrinsically enjoyable, 3) accompanied by a loss of self-consciousness, and 4) selfreinforcing." To experience flow while engaged in an activity, consumers must perceive a balance between their skills and the challenges of the activity, and both their skills and challenges must be above a critical threshold. Hoffman and Novak (1996) propose that flow has a number of positive consequences from a marketing perspective, including increased consumer learning, exploratory behavior, and positive affect."
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

_id	cf2009_poster_43
id	cf2009_poster_43
authors	Oh, Yeonjoo; Ellen Yi-Luen Do, Mark D Gross, and Suguru Ishizaki
year	2009
title	Delivery Types And Communication Modalities In The Flat-Pack Furniture Design Critic
source	T. Tidafi and T. Dorta (eds) Joining Languages Cultures and Visions: CAADFutures 2009 CD-Rom
summary	A computer-based design critiquing system analyzes a proposed solution and offers critiques (Robbins 1998). Critiques help designers identify problems as well as opportunities to improve their designs. Compared with human critics, today’s computer-based critiquing systems deliver feedback in quite restricted manner. Most systems provide only negative evaluations in text; whereas studio teachers critique by interpreting the student’s design, introducing new ideas, demonstrating and giving examples, and offering evaluations (Bailey 2004; Uluoglu 2000) using speech, writing, and drawing to communicate (Anthony 1991; Schön 1983). This article presents a computer-based critiquing system, Flat-pack Furniture Design Critic (FFDC). This system supports multiple delivery types and modalities, adapting the typical system architecture of constraint-based intelligent tutors (Mitrovic et al. 2007).
keywords	Critiquing system, design critiquing
series	CAAD Futures
type	poster
email
last changed	2009/07/08 22:12

_id	61c0
authors	Pittioni, Gernot (Ed.)
year	1991
title	Experiences with CAAD in Education and Practice [eCAADe Conference Proceedings]
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1991
source	eCAADe Conference Proceedings/ Munich (Germany) 17-19 October 1991
summary	As a rising number of schools of architecture have decided to extend their curriculum with the new subject CAAD (Computer Aided Architectural Design) the questions of how to organize the education is deeply affecting the concerned faculty members. Though the general education objectives differ with crossing the borders it is of high interest and at the same time extraordinarily valuable to achieve an exchange of experience in the methods of CAAD-education - thus giving new stimulus to the "aged" CAAD-teachers and encouraging the "newcomers". The submitted papers were coming from many countries and they are covering a variety of questions dealing with education and practice. Research topics are touched, because the research work of CAAD- teachers always has some influence on the educational work.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:49

_id	4d41
authors	Pittioni, Gernot
year	1991
title	Support of Structural Design
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1991.x.j6f
source	Experiences with CAAD in Education and Practice [eCAADe Conference Proceedings] Munich (Germany) 17-19 October 1991
summary	The tendency of using CAD-systems in the early phases of architectural design involve the need of advice tools to support the design process. Many influences have to be managed by the designer. This paper catches a glance on an experiment presently running, aiming at the support of structural design. The system is implemented on AutoCAD 10.0, using AutoLISP with the outlook on future C-interfacing with AutoCAD.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	82c6
authors	Sabater, Txatxo
year	1991
title	Learning from Volume Processing
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1991.x.o9t
source	Experiences with CAAD in Education and Practice [eCAADe Conference Proceedings] Munich (Germany) 17-19 October 1991
summary	We will expose a kind of chosen curriculum about the activities we have been working on, basically at the Politechnical University of Barcelona Valles School of Architecture. Our activities, in the realm of Apple Macintosh, involve undergraduate students and a Master degree as well. The way we use graphic computers and 3D software has been formulated gradually through a continuous and progressive use. Dedicating work with Apple Macintosh computers doesn't concern to teaching drawing programmes, but we try to "normalize" its use. How? Integrating it in different tasks and suggesting its use in a range of programmes. And, sometimes, letting the visual transcriptions suggest new arguments. The visual system of values developed by the Modernists (now history) and through the mass media, especially photography, cinema, video, are, nowadays, part of our visual language.
series	eCAADe
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	ddss9483
id	ddss9483
authors	Shyi, Gary C.-W. and Huang, Tina S.-T.
year	1994
title	Constructing Three-Dimensional Mental Models from Two-Dimensional Displays
source	Second Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture & Urban Planning (Vaals, the Netherlands), August 15-19, 1994
summary	In the present study we adopted the tasks and the experimental procedures used in a recent series of study by Cooper (1990, 1991) for the purpose of examining how we utilized two-dimensional information in a line-drawing of visual objects to construct the corresponding three-dimensional mental structure represented by the 2-D displays. We expected that the stimulus materials we used avoided some of the problems that Cooper's stimuli had, and with that we examined the effect of complexity on the process of constructing 3-D models from 2-D displays. Such a manipulation helps to elucidate the difficulties of solving problems that require spatial abilities. We also investigated whether or not providing information representing an object viewed from different standpoints would affect the construction of the object's 3-D model. Some researchers have argued that 3-D models, once constructed, should be viewer-independent or viewpoint-invariant, while others have suggested that 3-D models are affected by the viewpoint of observation. Data pertinent to this issue are presented and discussed.
series	DDSS
last changed	2003/08/07 16:36

_id	e924
authors	Willems, P.H., Kuiper, P. and Luiten, G.T. (et al)
year	1991
title	A Framework for Evolutionary Information Model Development
source	The Computer Integrated Future, CIB W78 Seminar. September, 1991. Unnumbered :ill. includes bibliography
summary	Large scale information modelling projects, like the development of ISO/STEP, require a modelling approach that does not develop a new model from scratch, but rather base it on a more generic model which, in turn, is based on an even more abstract model, etc. The resulting structure shows a layered framework. On top of which can be found the most generic concepts and downward the more specific concepts with increased semantics. The benefits of such a model development approach are improvements in: version management, object orientated modelling, concurrent model development, controlled change, standardized interfaces, conformance testing etc. This paper describes an environment which supports the development of a new model out of one or more generic parent models. The generation process consists of two steps. In the first step entities of the parent models can be instanciated while constraining the inherited behavior and introducing new behavior. In fact this process is identical with instanciating run time objects from class templates in the object oriented paradigm. However, in the authors' development environment an important (inherited) property of each entity is self-reproduction. In the second step, therefore, each instance is forced to represent its run time state into some kind of information modelling language specification. Appropriate measures are taken to guarantee that the resulting model will conform the behavior of its parent model(s). The paper demonstrates this approach in a multi-layered example currently being implemented and explores several implementation issues
keywords	product modeling, standards, integration, abstraction, OOPS
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	ecaade2015_119
id	ecaade2015_119
authors	Dokonal, Wolfgang; Knight, Michael W. and Dengg, Ernst Alexander
year	2015
title	New Interfaces - Old Models
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2015.1.101
source	Martens, B, Wurzer, G, Grasl T, Lorenz, WE and Schaffranek, R (eds.), Real Time - Proceedings of the 33rd eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, 16-18 September 2015, pp. 101-106
summary	The rapid development of new Virtual Reality (VR) devices such as the Oculus Rift and Google Cardboard together with Augmented Reality (AR) applications such as 3Dplus (by the Finnish company advice) or gaming software such as Unity3D and Unreal Engine 4 raises the question of how we can use these new interfaces and applications to access our increasingly data-rich models. In this paper we will summarise the results of a joint international workshop where students explored the use of these new interfaces on existing models. During the course of the workshop, the students built their own VR environments to test spatial perception and then used different types of housing models with these interfaces to find out what kind of information inside those data rich models is best suited to be accessed using these new interfaces. The question will be if there is any added value - besides the novelty factor - in using these new devices in combination with old models. To give an extra dimension to the virtual nature of the workshop, students collaborated with some of the tutors primarily digitally using the virtual models and other online tools (Skype/Twitter/discussion boards). By having collaboration through the medium of the virtual interactive model as the core communication method, the amount, type and methods of presenting the information is tested and evaluated. This is work in progress and we had to experience several problems that we could not overcome in the available time.
wos	WOS:000372317300011
series	eCAADe
email
more	https://mh-engage.ltcc.tuwien.ac.at/engage/ui/watch.html?id=54a3a8e0-702c-11e5-9592-c7c2b292a6cf
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

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