Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	a129
authors	Lee, E., Woo, S. and Sasada, T.
year	1997
title	Experimental Study in inter-University Collaboration collaboration
source	Challenges of the Future [15th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-3-0] Vienna (Austria) 17-20 September 1997
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1997.x.q2n
summary	The architectural design requires collaboration among various participants, such as architects, clients, engineers in the stages of the design process. The Sasada laboratory has been involved in the various collaborative architectural design projects. The authors found several important issues in the process of those projects. Firstly, the presentation data is composed of different kinds of data such as documents, computer generated still images, movies and 3D objects. The participants involved in those projects need to access these data as necessary. Secondly, it is virtually impossible for all participants to attend at the same time and place. Therefore, computer networked collaborative design work is essential, in particular, for an international project and for a complex architectural design project.
keywords	Collaboration
series	eCAADe
email
more	http://info.tuwien.ac.at/ecaade/proc/lee/lee.htm
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	ecaadesigradi2019_114
id	ecaadesigradi2019_114
authors	Lee, Gyueun and Lee, Ji-hyun
year	2019
title	Sustainable Design Framework for the Anthropocene - Preliminary research of integrating the urban data with building information
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 2, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 561-568
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.2.561
summary	In terms of the efficiency and informatization in the architecture and construction industry, the Fourth Industrial Revolution presents positive aspects of technological development, but we need to discuss the expanded concept, the Anthropocene. The era of the human-made environment having a powerful influence on the global system is called Anthropocene. Since the 1950s, many indicators representing human activity and earth system have shown the 'Great acceleration'. Currently, lots of urban data including building information, construction waste, and GHG emission ratio is indicating how much the urban area was contaminated with artifacts. So, the integrated planning and design approach are needed for sustainable design with data integration. This paper examines the GIS, LCA and BIM tools focusing on building information and environmental load. With the literature review, the computational system for sustainable design is demonstrated to integrate into one holistic framework for the Anthropocene. There were some limitations that data was simplified during the statistical processing, and the framework has limitations that must be demonstrated by actual data in the future. However, this could be an early approach to integrating geospatial and environmental analysis with the design framework. And it can be applied to another urban area for sustainable urban models for the Anthropocene
keywords	Anthropocene; Sustainable Design Framework; Urban Data Analysis; GIS; LCA; BIM
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	9a66
authors	Lee, H., Lee, J. and Chang, S.
year	1995
title	Design Adaptation for Handling Design Failures
source	Sixth International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Futures [ISBN 9971-62-423-0] Singapore, 24-26 September 1995, pp. 567-576
summary	This research deals with two important issues in Case-based Design (CBD): a structure of design cases and a process of design adaptation for handling design failures. The structure of design cases involves problem situation, design specification, design tasks, design solutions, causal explanation, past design failures as well as design performance. It has been noticed that how to represent a structure of design cases and how it can be used in actual a process of design adaptation process are important in Case-based Design. Adaptation process in Case-based Design is also critcial, especially in handling design failures. The description and the analysis of design adaptation process in the context of Case-based Design paradigm is the major focus of this research. A model of casual explanation is presented as an useful tool for identifying sources of design failures. For efficiently handling design failures based on causal explanation, it is essential to characterize various design failures and to devise an adequate structure of adaptation process. Applicability of adaptation process is demonstrated in an exemplary kitchen layout.
keywords	Design Failures, Design Adaptation, Causal Explanation, Adaptation Strategies
series	CAAD Futures
last changed	1999/08/03 17:16

_id	5c07
authors	Lee, H.-L., Liu, Y.-T., Chen, S.-C., Tang, S.-K. and Huang, C.-P., Huang, C.-H., Chang, Y.-L., Chang, K.-W. and Chen, K.-Y.
year	2002
title	A Comparative study of protocol analysis for - Spatiality of a Text-based Cyberspace
source	Connecting the Real and the Virtual - design e-ducation [20th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-0-8] Warsaw (Poland) 18-20 September 2002, pp. 262-266
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2002.262
summary	Graduate Institute of Architecture, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30050, TAIWAN The adaptation of the word cyberspace (Gibson, 1984) following the emergence of the World Wide Web Internet not only succinctly revolutionized the correlation of time and space but also poised to challenge how we view the existing spatial concept. This research tries to use protocol analysis to examine text-based cyberspace, such as bulletin board, chart rooms and so forth, and the objective of this research is to realize the spatiality of cyberspace through the cognitive point of view, and to compare the differences of the definitions and perception ways of spatiality between people with general domain and in design fields. Finally, we validate the existence of cyberspace, where the process not only allows further categorization of spatial elements concluded from the earlier study, but discover that varied backgrounds can affect how a user defines and perceives cyberspace (Strate, 1999).
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	e414
authors	Lee, H.-L.
year	2002
title	A Preliminary Study of Computerized Design Process and Methods
source	Connecting the Real and the Virtual - design e-ducation [20th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-0-8] Warsaw (Poland) 18-20 September 2002, pp. 290-295
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2002.290
summary	Graduate Institute of Architecture, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30050, Taiwan The evolution of design media has kept a close relationship with the development of design methods in the history. Nowadays, different computer media have been used in different stages of the design process. It is to believe that computer media have great impact on the design process and methods. The objective of this paper is to realize the design process and methods when designers use computer modeling to tackle an architectural design problem. The methodologies are non- participant observation and retrospection. The findings of this research prove that media does contribute to the changes in design process and methods. Not only does its conclusion help to better understand properties of different media, but also benefit the development of computer media.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	e2ea
authors	Lee, Hwa-Ryong
year	1999
title	The Changing Face of Architectural Computing Research
source	Architectural Computing from Turing to 2000 [eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-5-7] Liverpool (UK) 15-17 September 1999, pp. 11-17
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1999.011
summary	This paper examines the existing commercial and on-going research computer applications for architectural design. It investigates their uses, predictions and limitations; and reviews the teleology, technologies and theories exploited for computerising design. Finally, I will discuss two trends in the developments of CAAD, and present the new directions in CAAD research. This study will be based on understanding the computer's roles in designing, and further on establishing a new theoretical paradigm for mediating a computer system.
keywords	Historical Context, Theoretical Paradigms
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	caadria2017_095
id	caadria2017_095
authors	Lee, Hyo Jung and Lee, Hyunsoo
year	2017
title	Automatic 3D Modeling of Korean Traditional Architecture - Applying Parametric Design
source	P. Janssen, P. Loh, A. Raonic, M. A. Schnabel (eds.), Protocols, Flows, and Glitches - Proceedings of the 22nd CAADRIA Conference, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China, 5-8 April 2017, pp. 231-240
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2017.231
summary	Korean traditional structure is constructed as prefabrication jointed in largely characterized by its unique components under the specific rules of assembly and proportion. This point is a double-edges sword. Because, while various shapes and sizes of components based upon an objected-oriented form appear the potential possibility of producing changeable prototypes to build up, these various characters of components and several jointed methods has made difficulties to handle. Accordingly, an automatic 3D modeling algorithm is focused on the methodology of changeable prototypes of Korean Traditional architecture keeping traditional jointed methods with setting various characters of components
keywords	Korean traditional structure; Parametric design ; Generative three dimensional modeling ; Hanok.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	ecaadesigradi2019_652
id	ecaadesigradi2019_652
authors	Lee, Hyunsoo, Kim, Daseul and Hwang, Jihyoun
year	2019
title	Color Harmony Integration-driven Design Process for Aesthetic Village
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 1, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 757-764
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.1.757
summary	This paper describes the color design process of the house in the village. The color design process proposed in this paper constitutes design stages such as color selection, color application, and color design analysis and evaluation. In the color selection step, a method of arranging colors using a color pallet or a color scheme is described. The color application stage includes the process of creating a village color design alternatives by specifying the color information of the hue, value, and saturation based on the BIM model. The color analysis stage is to numerically identify the color design attributes of the generated color design alternatives. The reason for color analysis and evaluation is to produce various design alternatives with the color harmony and improve the quality of the design.
keywords	Color Palette; Environmental Color; Color Harmony; Color Scheme; Color Design Analysis
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	caadria2014_532
id	caadria2014_532
authors	Lee, Hyunsoo; Jisoo Kim, Minkyu Shin and Jin-Kook Lee
year	2014
title	Comparison between Design Alternatives Using BIM-Enabled Circulation Analysis
source	Rethinking Comprehensive Design: Speculative Counterculture, Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2014) / Kyoto 14-16 May 2014, pp. 975–976
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2014.975
series	CAADRIA
type	poster
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	caadria2014_530
id	caadria2014_530
authors	Lee, Hyunsoo; Minkyeong Shim, Heuiwon Yoon and Jungeun Lee
year	2014
title	A Customized Smart Control of the Ubiquitous House
source	Rethinking Comprehensive Design: Speculative Counterculture, Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2014) / Kyoto 14-16 May 2014, pp. 971–972
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2014.971
series	CAADRIA
type	poster
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	ddss2004_ra-113
id	ddss2004_ra-113
authors	Lee, J.-H. and W. Qian
year	2004
title	Color Your Feeling
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) Recent Advances in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN: 1-4020-2408-8, p. 113-125
summary	Color selection plays a vitally important role in creating impressions of individuals or companies because colors have sensibility aspects and relate to some images or associations. Based on both the theory of color harmony and the sensibility ergonomics, some quantitative and systematic researches on the color image have been developed. In this paper, we suggest a color coordinate system that supports the color analysis and the color harmony functions using color images, which can be captured by corresponding adjective words. We focus on a system prototype for interior design domain to exemplify our concepts in this paper, even though this system can be applied for all design domains.
keywords	Design Support System, Sensibility Ergonomics, Color Coordination, Color Image
series	DDSS
last changed	2004/07/03 22:13

_id	ijac20064102
id	ijac20064102
authors	Lee, Jackie Chia-Hsun; Hu, Yuchang; Selker, Ted
year	2006
title	iSphere:A free-hand 3D modeling interface
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 4 - no. 1, 19-31
summary	Making 3D models should be an easy and intuitive task like free-hand sketching. This paper presents iSphere, a 24 degree of freedom 3D input device. iSphere is a dodecahedron embedded with 12 capacitive sensors for pulling-out and pressing-in manipulation on 12 control points of 3D geometries. It exhibits a conceptual 3D modeling approach for saving mental loads of low-level commands. Using analog inputs of 3D manipulation, designers are able to have high-level modeling concepts like pushing or pulling 3D surfaces. Our experiment shows that iSphere saved steps in the selection of control points in the review of menus and leading to a clearer focus on what to build instead of how to build it. Novices saved significant time learning 3D manipulation by using iSphere to making conceptual models. However, one tradeoff of the iSphere is its lack of fidelity in its analog input mechanism.
keywords	3D Input Device; Proximity Sensing; Parametric Modeling; Human-Computer Interaction
series	journal
email
more	http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/mscp/ijac/2006/00000004/00000001/art00003
last changed	2007/03/04 07:08

_id	caadria2019_362
id	caadria2019_362
authors	Lee, Jaejong, Ikeda, Yasushi and Hotta, Kensuke
year	2019
title	Comparative Evaluation of Viewing Elements by Visibility Heat Map of 3D Isovist - Urban planning experiment for Shinkiba in Tokyo Bay
source	M. Haeusler, M. A. Schnabel, T. Fukuda (eds.), Intelligent & Informed - Proceedings of the 24th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand, 15-18 April 2019, pp. 341-350
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2019.1.341
summary	This paper presents a visibility analysis for 3D urban environments and its possible applications for urban design. This multi-view visibility analysis tool was generated by 3D isovist in Grasshopper, Rhino. The advantage of this analysis tool is that it can be compared within the measurement area. In addition, setting a visual object different from the existing isovist. The visual object is a landmark of a city space, such as landscape or object. First, the application experimented on the relevance between the calculation time and precision by this analysis tool. Based on the results of this experiment, it applied it to an actual part of an urban space. The multi-view visibility includes confirming the possibility of a comprehensive evaluation on the urban redevelopment and change of the view caused by the building layout plan - by numerical analysis showing the visual characteristics of the area while using 3D isovist theory. The practically applied area is Shinkiba, which is a part of Tokyo's landfill site; and while using the calculated data, multi-view visibility of each plan in the simulation of the visibility map is compared and evaluated.
keywords	3D isovist; Multi-view visibility; Comprehensive integration visibility evaluation; Urban redevelopment; Algorithmic urban design
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	757b
authors	Lee, Jaemin and Akleman, Ergun
year	2002
title	Practical Image Based Lighting
source	Thresholds - Design, Research, Education and Practice, in the Space Between the Physical and the Virtual [Proceedings of the 2002 Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design In Architecture / ISBN 1-880250-11-X] Pomona (California) 24-27 October 2002, pp. 279-288
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2002.279
summary	In this paper, we present a user-friendly and practical method for seamless integration of computergeneratedimages (CG) with real photographs and video. In general, such seamless integration isextremely difficult and requires recovery of real-world information to simulate the same environment forboth CG and real objects. This real-world information includes camera positions and parameters,shapes, material properties, and motion of real objects. Among these, one of the most important islighting.Image-based lighting that is developed to recover illumination information of the real world fromphotographs has recently become popular in computer graphics. In this paper we present a practicalimage-based lighting method that is based on a simple and easily constructable device: a square platewith a cylindrical stick. We have developed a user-guided system to approximately recover illuminationinformation (i.e. orientations, colors, and intensities of light sources) from a photograph of this device.Our approach also helps to recover surface colors of real objects based on reconstructed lightinginformation.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	acadia05_142
id	acadia05_142
authors	Lee, Jaewook and Kalay, Yehuda E.
year	2005
title	Collaborative Design Approach to Intelligent Environments
source	Smart Architecture: Integration of Digital and Building Technologies [Proceedings of the 2005 Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design In Architecture / ISBN 0-9772832-0-8] Savannah (Georgia) 13-16 October 2005, pp. 142-155
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2005.142
summary	Intelligent environments are buildings and other settings that can recognize the changing needs of their users and/or the changing nature of their context, and respond to them by adjusting some key environmental parameters (temperature, light, sound, furnishings, etc.). Unlike the currently common approach, which is based on systems theory (i.e., adjusting the parameters of the environment to match some pre-defined use profile), the approach proposed in this paper is based on dynamic, collaborative design: it views the (built) environment as comprised of multiple independent object-agents, each of which is responsible for one small aspect of the environment. Each can sense the immediate changes pertaining to its domain of responsibility, and propose corrective measures, which are negotiated with other agents to form a collective response. The paper hypothesizes that such an approach can be made more context-sensitive and dynamic, is easily scaleable, and can respond to the needs of multiple different users of the environment at the same time. The paper presents the rationale for developing the multi-agent approach, its hypothetical implementation, and its application to hypothetical case studies.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	caadria2016_621
id	caadria2016_621
authors	Lee, Ji Ho and Ji-Hyun Lee
year	2016
title	Cultural Difference in Colour Usages for Building Exteriors Focusing on Theme Park Buildings
source	Living Systems and Micro-Utopias: Towards Continuous Designing, Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2016) / Melbourne 30 March–2 April 2016, pp. 621-630
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2016.621
summary	The notion of globalisation has become widely spread in various fields, and accordingly, it is increasingly more important to take account of indigenous culture characteristics in each field. An as- pect of achieving globalisation, globalization with local consideration, is to consider the difference of colour usage between distinct cultures. This study suggests an approach to investigate the colour difference between eastern and western cultures with the case analysis of build- ing fac?ade colours in Disneyland Paris and Tokyo Disneyland. We an- alysed cultural colour usage characteristics and derived tendencies for both Paris and Tokyo Disneyland building fac?ade colours. To do this, we use image based k-means clustering algorithm and CIELAB colour space distances to explore colour characteristics. Our analysis indi- cates an overall colour usage tendency that Paris uses more green and bluish colours and Tokyo uses more red and yellowish colours for building fac?ades, based on CIELAB colour space values. The major motivation of this paper was to reflect the atmosphere and the mood of the space that can be easily felt but not readily expressible into a cultural colour palette. Eventually, by finding the characteristics of perceived colours, we hope to create a colour recommendation system for different cultures based on cultural clues.
keywords	Culture; colour usage; colour clustering; building fac?ade; computational approach
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	2006_244
id	2006_244
authors	Lee, Ji-Hyun and Shu-Feng Pan
year	2006
title	eCAADe: An Educational Commendation Mechanism for the Adaptive Semantic Web to Use in the Architectural Design Environment
source	Communicating Space(s) [24th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-5-9] Volos (Greece) 6-9 September 2006, pp. 244-251
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2006.244
summary	The “Case Studies in Architecture” phase of a course in architectural design includes in-depth comparisons and analyses of architectural precedents. However, with the large number of cases now readily available, Web searching and navigation is a time-consuming, low precision activity. In the work described in this paper, we built eCAADe, an educational commendation system for the adaptive semantic Web to allow students to query and retrieve semantically for architectural cases during the case study phase of an architectural design process. In our suggested system, we built a Semantic Web for design knowledge representation to make query and retrieval efficient. We also applied a hybrid recommendation mechanism, which is combining both content-based filtering and collaborative filtering to help for students to find relevant cases more efficient and precise with their preferences. We illustrate our concepts with several concrete examples.
keywords	Recommendation mechanism; adaptive; semantic Web; architectural cases; ontology
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	c837
authors	Lee, Jia-Her
year	1998
title	Modelling Mondrian's Design Processes and Their Architectural Associations Using Multilayer Neural Networks
source	CAADRIA ‘98 [Proceedings of The Third Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 4-907662-009] Osaka (Japan) 22-24 April 1998, pp. 455-464
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.1998.455
summary	Can artificial intelligence be used for design behavior of human beings? Human designer’s behavior and design thinking are extremely complicated. There is still argument about the relationship between the two until now. Therefore, this research only investigates regular and common design behavior. This essay is taking Mondrian of Neo-Plasticism as an example and neural networks systems as a tool to illustrate the core idea. It is hoped that we can simulate the design thinking ability, such as memory association and recognition of human designers. Computation of neural networks systems, as a result and the difference between human designers and computer, can be discussed too. Also, since the work of Neo-Plasticism Mondrian influences contemporary architecture design, industrial design, andvisual design directly or indirectly, floorplans of architect John Hejduk’s works were taken as an example to discuss the application of Neural networkss in the design field.
keywords	Neural Networks, Design Processes, Neo-Plasticism, Architectural Floorplans
series	CAADRIA
email
more	http://www.caadria.org
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	ddss9836
id	ddss9836
authors	Lee, Jia-Her and Liu, Yu-Tung
year	1998
title	Modelling Mondrians Design Processes and TheirArchitectural Associations Using Multilayer NeuralNetworks
source	Timmermans, Harry (Ed.), Fourth Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning Maastricht, the Netherlands), ISBN 90-6814-081-7, July 26-29, 1998
summary	Can artificial intelligence be used for design behavior of human beings? Human designer’s behavior and design thinking are extremely complicated. There is still argument about the relationship between the two until now. Therefore, this research only investigates regular and common design behavior. This essay is taking Mondrian of Neo-Plasticism as an example and neural networks systems as a tool to illustrate the core idea. It is hoped that we can simulate the design thinking ability, such as memoryassociation and recognition of human designers. Computation of neural networks systems, as a result and the difference between human designers and computer, can be discussed too. Also, since the work of Neo-Plasticism Mondrian influences contemporary architecture design, industrial design, andvisual design directly or indirectly, floorplans of architect John Hejduk’s works were taken as an example to discuss the application of Neural networkss in the design field.
series	DDSS
last changed	2003/08/07 16:36

_id	ecaade2023_152
id	ecaade2023_152
authors	Lee, Jin and Hong, Seung Wan
year	2023
title	Developing the Reinforcement-Learning Child Agents for Measuring Play and Learning Performance in Kindergarten Design
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 69–78
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.069
summary	Although kindergarten design requires promoting play behaviours related to physical and social development and ensuring safety of children to support a child-oriented design, the systemic evaluation of design performance remains challenging because of the children’s dynamic play behaviours. As one solution, agent-based simulations have been applied in the design field, but there are limitations in reflecting children’s behavioural richness. To overcome this shortcoming, this study developed reinforcement learning (RL) child agents to compute the dynamic play behaviours associated with physical and social development. Several iterations were conducted to implement the RL agents’ play behaviours, and the results were incorporated into the simulation. To validate the play behaviour model, we conducted a case analysis with authentic and unbuilt kindergarten designs and measured the quantifiable design performance in terms of physical and social play behaviours and safety. The results indicated that the RL child agents enabled a holistic analysis and the calculation of generative behavioural responses, depending on physical variations. By facilitating an unknown design affordance, the RL-powered simulation model is expected to provide data-driven evidence to support a child-oriented design.
keywords	Agent-based simulation, Reinforcement-learning agent, Children's play behaviour model, Quantifiable design performance, Child-oriented learning environment
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

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