Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	a0f1
authors	Gross, M.D.
year	1992
title	CoDraw “Graphical Constraints in CoDraw”
source	IEEE Workshop on Visual Languages, Seattle, WA, pp. 81-87
summary	Constraint based draw programs require users to understand and manage relationships between drawing elements. By establishing constraint relationships among elements the user effectively programs the drawing's behavior. This programming task requires a more sophisticated visual interface than conventional draw programs provide. Users must have available - in a convenient format - information about the structure of the constraints that determine the drawing's interactive edit behavior. This format must support editing and debugging. CoDraw is a constraint based drawing program that can be interactively extended by its users. This paper describes the CoDraw program and its programming interface.
series	journal paper
email
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

_id	a081
authors	Greenberg S., Roseman M. and Webster, D.
year	1992
title	Issues and Experiences Designing and Implementing Two Group Drawing Tools
source	Readings in Groupware, 609-620
summary	Groupware designers are now developing multi-user equivalents of popular paint and draw applications. Their job is not an easy one. First, human factors issues peculiar to group interaction appear that, if ignored, seriously limit the usability of the group tool. Second, implementation is fraught with considerable hurdles. This paper describes the issues and experiences we have met and handled in the design of two systems supporting remote real time group interaction: GroupSketch, a multi-user sketchpad; and GroupDraw, an object-based multi-user draw package. On the human factors side, we summarize empirically-derived design principles that we believe are critical to building useful and usable collaborative drawing tools. On the implementation side, we describe our experiences with replicated versus centralized architectures, schemes for participant registration, multiple cursors, network requirements, and the structure of the drawing primitives.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

_id	6df3
authors	Gross, Mark D. and Zimring, Craig
year	1992
title	Predicting Wayfinding Behavior in Buildings : A Schema-Based Approach
source	New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1992. pp. 367-377 : ill. includes bibliography
summary	Postoccupancy evaluations of large buildings often reveal significant wayfinding problems caused by poor floor-plan layout. Predicting wayfinding problems early in the design process could avoid costly remodeling and make better buildings. However, we lack formal, predictive models of human wayfinding behavior. Computational models of wayfinding in buildings have addressed constructing a topological and geometric representations of the plan layout incrementally during exploration. The authors propose to combine this with a schema model of building memory. It is argued that people orient themselves and wayfind in new buildings using schemas, or generic expectations about building layout. In this paper the authors give their preliminary thoughts toward developing a computational model of wayfinding based on this approach
keywords	wayfinding, evaluation, applications, architecture, floor plans, layout, building, prediction
series	CADline
email
last changed	2002/09/05 15:02

_id	4da8
authors	Merrill, M.D., Tennyson, R.D. and Posey, L.0.
year	1992
title	Teaching Concepts: an Instructional Design Guide
source	Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Educational Technology Publications
summary	Gagne and Briggs' definitions of types of learning and of learning processes are ageless. Even in the era of constructivist ID, this book contributes an important bridge between fundamentals of psychology and the structuring of learning experiences and environments.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	caadria2020_258
id	caadria2020_258
authors	Beatricia, Beatricia, Indraprastha, Aswin and Koerniawan, M. Donny
year	2020
title	Revisiting Packing Algorithm - A Strategy for Optimum Net-to Gross Office Design
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2020.1.405
source	D. Holzer, W. Nakapan, A. Globa, I. Koh (eds.), RE: Anthropocene, Design in the Age of Humans - Proceedings of the 25th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 5-6 August 2020, pp. 405-414
summary	Net-to-gross efficiency is defined as the ratio of net area to a gross area of a building. Net-to-gross efficiency will determine the quantity of leasable building area. On the other side, the effectiveness of the spatial distribution of a floor plan design must follow the value of net-to-gross efficiency. Therefore in the context of office design, there are two challenges need to be improved: 1) to get an optimum value of efficiency, architects need to assign the amount and size of the office units which can be effectively arranged, and 2) to fulfill high net-to-gross efficiency value that usually set out at minimal 85%. This paper aims to apply the packing algorithm as a strategy to achieve optimum net-to-gross efficiency and generating spatial configuration of office units that fit with the result. Our study experimented with series of models and simulations consisting of three stages that start from finding net-to-gross efficiency, defining office unit profiles based on preferable office space units, and applying the packing algorithm to get an optimum office net-to-gross efficiency. Computational processes using physics engine and optimization solvers have been utilized to generate design layouts that have minimal spatial residues, hence increasing the net-to-gross ratio.
keywords	net-to-gross efficiency; packing algorithm; modular office area; area optimization;
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	cebb
authors	Do, Ellen Yi-Luen and Gross, Mark D.
year	1997
title	Tools for Visual and Spatial Analysis of CAD Models - Implementing Computer Tools as a Means to Thinking about Architecture
source	CAAD Futures 1997 [Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-7923-4726-9] München (Germany), 4-6 August 1997, pp. 189-202
summary	The paper describes a suite of spatial analysis programs to support architectural design. Building these computational tools not only supports the task of spatial analysis for designers but it also helps us think about the spatial perception. We argue that building design software is an important vehicle for understanding architecture, using our efforts to build various visual and spatial analysis tools as examples.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2004/10/04 07:49

_id	6bfe
authors	Eggink, D., Gross, M.D. and Do, E.
year	2001
title	Smart Objects: Constraints and Behaviors in a 3D Design Environment
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2001.460
source	Architectural Information Management [19th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-8-1] Helsinki (Finland) 29-31 August 2001, pp. 460-465
summary	We describe a constraint-based three-dimensional design environment called Smart Objects. In Smart Objects, design collaborators (designers, clients and consultants) would engage an architectural design in an interactive three-dimensional environment where they may alter objects in the model and compose formal solutions. Design intentions embedded into objects as constraints are expressed as behaviors when the user moves objects in ways that either violate or meet specified constraints.
keywords	Constraints, Collaboration, VRML, Java
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	2bff
authors	Ervin, Stephen M., Gross, Mark D. and Fleisher, Aaron
year	1988
title	CM2 : A Constraint Based Design Environment
source	25 p. : ill. 1988. includes bibliography
summary	This report describes CM2, a program on the Macintosh computer for constraint-based design exploration and development. The architecture of the kernel for object- oriented constraint management is described, followed by three illustrated examples of applications built around the kernel. A concluding section lists a number of questions raised to date by the development of CM2 and its applications. Appendix 1 provides a `pseudo-code' listing of the major modules of the constraint manager
keywords	architecture, constraints, design, systems
series	CADline
email
last changed	2002/09/05 15:01

_id	d7f4
authors	Gross, M.D.
year	1994
title	Roles for Computing in Schools of Architecture and Planning
source	Journal of Architectural Education, Sep. 94, pp. 56-64
summary	A successful effort to incorporate computing in a school of architecture and planning must satisfy varying student objectives and encompass a range of computing roles. This article reviews these roles and presents a case study of computing at the College of Architecture and Planning (formerly Environmental Design) at the University of Colorado at Boulder. Three categories of instruction make up the curriculum: Tool-using courses teach specific applications, tool-building courses focus on developing new design software, and design theory and methods courses provide rationale for specific computational approaches. Finally, strategies employed in developing this curriculum are discussed.
series	journal paper
email
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	934f
authors	Gross, M.D.
year	1996
title	The Electronic Cocktail Napkin – a computational environment for working with design diagrams
source	Design Studies, 17 (1), pp. 53-69
summary	The Electronic Cocktail Napkin is an experimental computer-based environment for sketching and diagramming in conceptual design. The project's goal is to develop a computational drawing environment to support conceptual designing in a way that leads smoothly from diagrams to more formal and structured representations of schematic design. With computational representations for conceptual designs, computer-supported editing, critiquing, analysis, and simulation can be employed earlier in the design process, where it can have a greater impact on outcomes. The paper describes the Electronic Cocktail Napkin program - its recognition and parsing of diagrams and management of spatial constraints, its drawing environment, and two experimental query-by-diagram schemes for retrieving information from architectural databases.
series	journal paper
email
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

_id	08af
authors	Gross, M.D. and Do, E.
year	1996
title	Ambiguous Intentions: a Paper-like Interface for Creative Design
source	Proceedings UIST ’96 Seattle Washington, pp. 183-192
summary	Interfaces for conceptual and creative design should recognize and interpret drawings. They should also capture users' intended ambiguity, vagueness, and imprecision and convey these qualities visually and through interactive behavior. Freehand drawing can provide this information and it is a natural input mode for design. We describe a pen-based interface that acquires information about ambiguity and precision from freehand input, represents it internally, and echoes it to users visually and through constraint based edit behavior.
series	other
email
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

_id	074a
authors	Gross, M.D., Do, E.Y., McCall, R.J., Citrin, W.V., Hamill, P., Warmack, A. and Kuczun, K.S.
year	1998
title	Collaboration and coordination in architectural design: approaches to computer mediated team work
source	Automation in Construction 7 (6) (1998) pp. 465-473
summary	The paper reports on three projects at our laboratory that deal respectively with synchronous collaborative design, asynchronous collaborative design, and design coordination. The Electronic Cocktail Napkin and its mobile extension that runs on hand-held computers supports synchronous design with shared freehand drawing environments. The PHIDIAS hypermedia system supports long-term, asynchronous collaboration by enabling designers of large complex artifacts to store and retrieve rationale about design decisions and the Construction Kit Builder (CKB) supports team design by supporting a priori agreements among team members to avoid conflicts.
series	journal paper
more	http://www.elsevier.com/locate/autcon
last changed	2003/05/15 21:22

_id	412e
authors	Gross, M.D., Do, E. and McCall, R.J.
year	1997
title	Collaboration and Coordination in Architectural Design: approaches to computer mediated team work
source	TeamCAD 97, 17-23
summary	In 1993 and 1994, instructors and students of architecture at several universities around the world* collaborated briefly on two "virtual design studio" projects. Using off-the-shelf technology of the time-email, CU-See-Me internet video, international conference calls, and exchange of CAD drawings, images, and Quicktime animations-this ambitious project explored the possibility of bringing together diverse members of an international design team together to collaborate on a short term (two week) project. Central to the "Virtual Design Studio" was a 'digital pinup board', an area where participating designers could post and view drawings and textual comments; video links and email exchange provided the media for direct communication media about designs. A report on the project [21] makes clear that the process was not without technical difficulties: a significant amount of communication concerned scheduling and coordinating file formats; disappointingly little was devoted to discussions of design issues. Although it's clear that many of the minor technical problems that inevitably plague a forward-looking effort like the Virtual Design Studio will be solved in the near term, the project also reveals the need for research on software and design practices to make computer mediated design collaboration realize its attractive promise.
series	journal paper
email
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

_id	70c4
authors	Gross, M.D., Do, E.Y.-L. and Johnson, B.R.
year	2000
title	Beyond the low-hanging fruit: Information technology in architectural design past, present and future
source	W. Mitchell and J. Fernandez (eds), ACSA Technology Conference, MIT Press, Cambridge MA
summary	Today's commercial CAD software is the product of years of research that began in the 1960's and 1970's. These applications have found widespread use in the architectural marketplace; nevertheless they represent only the first fruits of research in computer aided design. New developments based on research in human-computer interaction (HCI), computer-supported collaborative work (CSCW), and virtual reality (VR) will result in a next generation of tools for architectural design. Although preliminary applications to design have been demonstrated in each of these areas, excellent opportunities remain to exploit new technologies and insights in service of better design software. In this paper we briefly examine each of these areas using examples from our own work to discuss the prospects for future research. We envision that future design technologies will develop from current and traditional conventions of practice combined with forward looking application of emerging technologies. In HCI, pen based interaction will allow architects to use the pencil again, without sacrificing the added power of computer aided design tools, and speech recognition will begin to play a role in capturing and retrieving design critique and discussion. In CSCW, a new generation of applications will address the needs of designers more closely than current general purpose meeting tools. In VR, applications are possible that use the technology not simply to provide a sense of three-dimensional presence, but that organize design information spatially, integrating it into the representation of artifacts and places.
series	other
email
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

_id	f8b3
authors	Gross, M.D., Do, E.Y.-L. and Johnson, B.R.
year	2001
title	The Design Amanuensis. An Instrument for Multimodal Design Capture and Playback
source	Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures [ISBN 0-7923-7023-6] Eindhoven, 8-11 July 2001, pp. 1-13
summary	The Design Amanuensis supports design protocol analysis by capturing designers’ spoken and drawing actions and converting speech to text to construct a machine-readable multimedia document that can be replayed and searched for words spoken during the design session or for graphical configurations.
keywords	Protocol Analysis, Recording, Design Process Research
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2006/11/07 07:22

_id	44a7
authors	Gross, M.D., Parker, L. and Elliott, A.M.
year	1997
title	MUD: Exploring Tradeoffs In Urban Design
source	CAAD Futures 1997 [Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-7923-4726-9] München (Germany), 4-6 August 1997, pp. 373-387
summary	The design of cities and neighborhoods involves multiple stakeholders with various agendas, each comprising multiple criteria. Any design proposal will rank differently against each stakeholder's agenda, and effective participatory design requires that stakeholder interests are mutually understood and negotiated. We describe a program to promote this understanding and negotiation among stakeholders, called MUD, that enables each stakeholder to articulate their criteria for judging designs, to make design proposals, and to score designs against the criteria. By enabling stakeholders with different values and different areas of expertise to exchange design proposals and agendas we hope to foster understanding and stimulate negotiation.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	1999/04/06 09:19

_id	4b71
authors	Gross, M.D.
year	1996
title	Why can't CAD be more like Lego? CKB, a program for building construction kits
source	Automation in Construction 5 (4) (1996) pp. 285-300
summary	The paper describes CKB (Construction Kit Builder), a computational design environment based on defining, then working within, a system of components and rules for their placement. In construction details, the components and placement rules are standard; in less routine design tasks they are not. CKB uses a constraint-based, object oriented, system architecture to provide two levels of design support. At the higher level, designers of technical systems use CKB to specify components and rules for their positioning. At the lower level, building designers use CKB to lay out components of these systems.
series	journal paper
more	http://www.elsevier.com/locate/autcon
last changed	2003/05/15 21:22

_id	e60d
authors	Gross, Mark D., Ervin, Stephen M. and Anderson, James (et al)
year	1987
title	Designing with Constraints
source	John Wiley & Sons, 1987. pp. 53-83. includes bibliography
summary	The constraint model of designing provides a means of demonstrating and exploring the computability of design. Designing is understood as a process of incrementally defining an initially ill-defined question, and concurrently proposing and testing possible answers. That is, not finding THE solution to A problem, but finding A solution to THE problem. Articulating (including inventing and modifying) the question, and exploring possible alternative answers (or designs), are two fundamental activities which can be supported by computers and the constraint model. The authors discuss the use of constraints to explicate design questions, circumscribe feasible regions and specify proposed solutions, and examine the processes of search and scrutiny within a region. Naming, solving history-keeping, block-structuring, identifying and resolving conflicts are among tasks identified that can be rendered to a computer. Questions of knowledge representation and inference making with ambiguity and imprecision are discussed. Examples of the application of the constraint model to design problems in architecture and site planning are illustrated by brief scenarios
keywords	constraints, design process, search, knowledge
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 10:24

_id	176f
authors	Habraken, N.J. and Gross, M.D.
year	1988
title	Concept Design Games
source	Design Studies, Volume 9, Number 3, 1988, pp. 12-23
summary	This paper describes our work on using games as a tool for research in design theory and methods. Games offer a means of isolating certain aspects, or concepts, of designing for purposes of scrutiny. A game provides an environment for a group of players, acting with individual goals and a shared program, to make and transform complex configurations, free of functional requirements. Adjusting game parameters emphasizes different concepts. We have developed nine games that explore a variety of concepts of general interest to those concerned with organizing physical configurations. Beyond these particular concepts, we argue that games are a useful way to couch studies in design theory and methods.
series	journal paper
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	cf2003_m_062
id	cf2003_m_062
authors	JUNG, T., GROSS, M. D. and DO, E. Y.-L.
year	2003
title	Light Pen - Sketching Light in 3D
source	Digital Design - Research and Practice [Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 1-4020-1210-1] Tainan (Taiwan) 13–15 October 2003, pp. 327-338
summary	We describe a lighting design system driven by sketching on 3D virtual models. Conventional lighting design tools simulate the lighting effects of design decisions such as window locations, surface treatments, and fixture placement. Light Pen takes the inverse approach by allowing the designer to indicate desired illumination on a 3D model. This serves as input to a knowledge-based lighting design system, which recommends what lights to use and where to place them, based on the designer's expressed intentions and on the geometry of the space.
keywords	knowledge-based, lighting, sketch, virtual environment
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2004/10/04 07:49

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