Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	ecaadesigradi2019_159
id	ecaadesigradi2019_159
authors	Lopes, Jo?o, Paio, Alexandra and Beir?o, José Nuno
year	2019
title	The Morphology of Public Open Spaces as Visual Opportunity Fields - A space syntax approach based on Revelation and VGA maps customization with SalaScript
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.3.277
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 3, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 277-286
summary	This paper explores the visual dynamics of the morphology of public open spaces. Resorting to space syntax concepts, visual graph analysis (VGA), and the innovative use of its standard tool Depthmap, a set of case studies is analysed under the perspective of visual opportunity fields and building upon the established concept and metrics of Revelation. A series of related novel measures and visualizations are developed, which are only possible, in Depthmap environment, by the advanced use of its scripting language: SalaScript. Despite Depthmap being the standard tool among the space syntax community, there is a lack of references to the explicit use of SalaScript. One major objective of this paper is to illustrate, and document, its possibilities to a broad audience by extending, customizing and introducing a more interactive approach in handling VGA maps. We present SalaScript functionalities and its use in the development of visual analysis scripts that allow the study of revelation, which we then apply to a set of real public open spaces case studies.
keywords	Visibility graph analysis; Space syntax; Public open space; Depthmap SalaScript; Revelation
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	acadia11_196
id	acadia11_196
authors	Lopes, José; Leitão, António
year	2011
title	Portable Generative Design for CAD Applications
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2011.196
source	ACADIA 11: Integration through Computation [Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA)] [ISBN 978-1-6136-4595-6] Banff (Alberta) 13-16 October, 2011, pp. 196-203
summary	Most CAD applications provide programming languages for automation and generative design. However, programs written in these languages are not portable because they execute only in the family of CAD applications for which they were originally written. Consequently, users are locked-in to one family of CAD applications and they cannot reuse programs written for other families. In this paper, we propose a solution to this problem: Rosetta, a programming environment that is compatible with several CAD applications. Rosetta is composed of (1) an abstraction layer that allows portable and transparent access to several different CAD applications; (2) back-ends that translate the abstraction layer into different CAD applications; (3) front-end programming languages in which users write the generative design programs; and (4) an intermediate programming language that encompasses the language constructs essential for geometric modeling and that is used as a compilation target for the front-ends.Rosetta allows users to explore different front-ends and back-ends, in order to find a combination that is most suitable for the problem at hand. As a result, users have access to different programming languages, namely, visual and textual, which can be used interchangeably to write generative design programs, without breaking portability. Furthermore, Rosetta ensures that a single program can be used to create identical geometric models in different CAD applications. This approach promotes the development of programs that are portable across the most used CAD applications, thus facilitating the dissemination of the programs and of the underlying ideas.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	ecaade2015_285
id	ecaade2015_285
authors	Lopes, João V.; Paio, Alexandra, Beirão, José N., Pinho, Eliana Manuel and Nunes, Luís
year	2015
title	Multidimensional Analysis of Public Open Spaces - Urban Morphology, Parametric Modelling and Data Mining
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2015.1.351
source	Martens, B, Wurzer, G, Grasl T, Lorenz, WE and Schaffranek, R (eds.), Real Time - Proceedings of the 33rd eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, 16-18 September 2015, pp. 351-360
summary	Public open spaces (parks, squares and other gathering places) can only be grasped from a simultaneous view of their attributes. In an ongoing Phd research project we propose to overcome the limitations of traditional-descriptive urban morphology methods in dealing with this simultaneity derived from their many shapes, functions, uses and relations within the urban structure. After developing the relations between formal attributes and intangible spatial properties, their identity and proximity may be disclosed by multivariate statistical analysis and data mining techniques. We outline a multidimensional method for the synchronic analysis and classification of the public open spaces departing from a research corpus of 126 Portuguese urban squares, whose analysis is intended to interactively (re)define it. The work done so far is presented, which comprises: (i) firming the concepts, criteria and attributes to extract; (ii) survey on theories, methods and spatial analysis tools and shortcomings identification; (iii) adaptation and/or creation of new methods and tools; (iv) creation of databases from CAD and GIS environments; (v) research on multivariate analysis, data mining and data visualization techniques.
wos	WOS:000372317300038
series	eCAADe
email
more	https://mh-engage.ltcc.tuwien.ac.at/engage/ui/watch.html?id=975efcfa-7029-11e5-a1a9-9786dd4d89a9
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	acadia23_v2_444
id	acadia23_v2_444
authors	Lopez, Deborah; Charbel, Hadin
year	2023
title	Gamifying Climate and Crisis: Autonomous Communities
source	ACADIA 2023: Habits of the Anthropocene: Scarcity and Abundance in a Post-Material Economy [Volume 2: Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference for the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9891764-0-3]. Denver. 26-28 October 2023. edited by A. Crawford, N. Diniz, R. Beckett, J. Vanucchi, M. Swackhamer 444-456.
summary	As the climate continues to change, the number of communities under threat continues to increase. While large cities are typically considered valuable, due to either economic or other larger interests and, thus, deemed worth protecting, smaller communities are often left to fend for themselves with little to no external support. The impacts and efficacy of centralized and higher-level decision making have their limitations, interests, and stake- holders, suggesting that a decentralized approach can augment the capacity for local negotiations and decisions to be made that respond both practically, and more intimately, to the needs of those facing imminent threat. The emergence of video game platforms has broadened the possibility for participatory design systems to take place, allowing for a multitude of decisions to be made via a tran- scalar approach towards issues unresolvable through conventional architectural means, while enabling difference and disagreement to exist. The goal of this paper is to demon- strate, through several research projects, different ways that platforms and gamification can engage with the specifics of different threatened communities, ultimately enabling autonomy.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2024/12/20 09:12

_id	acadia14_153
id	acadia14_153
authors	Lopez, Rodrigo Shiordia; Gerber, David
year	2014
title	Context-Aware Multi-Agent Systems: Negotiating Intensive Fields
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.153
source	ACADIA 14: Design Agency [Proceedings of the 34th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 9781926724478]Los Angeles 23-25 October, 2014), pp. 153-162
summary	This paper presents research and experimentation with context-aware multi-agent based design systems to simulate and propose urban schemes that specifically utilize fields of differentiated intensity data in order to propose an infrastructure to support urban revitalization
keywords	Parametric Design, Generative Design, Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO), Multi-Agent Systems, Autonomous Systems, Regenerative Urbanism
series	ACADIA
type	Normal Paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	caadria2009_165
id	caadria2009_165
authors	Lopkerd, Prittiporn; Pinto Jinuntuya
year	2009
title	Interactive 3D Simulation System in Game Engine Based Collaborative Virtual Environment for Architectural Design Communication
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2009.533
source	Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / Yunlin (Taiwan) 22-25 April 2009, pp. 533-542
summary	This paper will present an innovative prototype for architectural design based on the Cryengine2 technology, which can generate virtual environments. The objective is for exploratory study and analysis method of using computer game engine that have several features for architecture design process, relate to real-time collaborative virtual environment could derive from multi-player aspects for designer team, and easily level of representation and basis for perception of owner or general user. In addition, the Cryengine2 have easily using and development for designer who is non programmer, and present realistic virtual worlds featuring user friendly interaction. Finally, this paper attempts to explore and suggests novel tools developed within to implement architectural design communication.
keywords	Interactive Communication, Game Engine, CryENGINE, Visualization, Collaborative Virtual Environment
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	a7b7
authors	Lopuck, Lisa
year	1996
title	Designing Multimedia A Visual Guide to Multimedia and Online Graphic Design
source	Berkeley, California, Peachpit Press
summary	A lavishly illustrated volume is primarily devoted to full-color photos of multimedia screen shots and artwork, offering explanations of title structure, user interface, and software dynamics.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	12fd
authors	Lorenc, S.J. and Bernold, L.E.
year	1998
title	Excavator-mounted ordnance locating system using electromagnetic sensing technology
source	Automation in Construction 7 (4) (1998) pp. 243-258
summary	There are in excess of 20 million acres of bomb and artillery ranges under the control of the Department of Defense (DoD). Each year some 800,000 to 2,000,000 km2 are turned over to civilian (private or commercial) use. Some of this land is contaminated with buried unexploded ordnance (UXO). These UXOs present a safety hazard and raise many environmental concerns. In addition to inaccurate locating, one of the most difficult aspects for the operator of an excavator is the inability to see the target ordnance while it is covered with soil and debris. This paper presents a system which is mounted to the arm of an excavator and is capable of detecting a buried UXO located in the path of an excavator's bucket. Also, the system is able to determine the precise location of the ordnance relative to the excavator's bucket. This information will allow the operator not only to avoid striking the ordnance during the digging operation, but also to expose the object by removing the soil around it. This technology is also capable of locating small UXO which can be buried within the spoil material. This technology has the potential to result in savings of millions of dollars in operating costs and prevent the damage or loss of equipment.
series	journal paper
more	http://www.elsevier.com/locate/autcon
last changed	2003/05/15 21:22

_id	14ee
authors	Lorenc, S.J., Handlon, B.E. and Bernold, Leonhard E.
year	2000
title	Development of a robotic bridge maintenance system
source	Automation in Construction 9 (3) (2000) pp. 251-258
summary	This paper will expand on the Robotic Bridge Maintenance System (RBMS) developed by the Construction Automation and Robotics Laboratory (CARL) at North Carolina State University (NCSU). The system consists of a 4-dof robot, designed and built at NCSU, mounted on the end of a truck-mounted peeper crane. Additionally, a containment system is mounted in front of the robot to contain the toxic waste created by the removal of the lead-based paint from the bridge beams and trusses.
series	journal paper
more	http://www.elsevier.com/locate/autcon
last changed	2003/05/15 21:22

_id	cf2019_010
id	cf2019_010
authors	Lorenz, Clara-Larissa; Bleil De Souza, Spaeth and Packianather
year	2019
title	Machine Learning in Design Exploration: An Investigation of the Sensitivities of ANN-based Daylight Predictions
source	Ji-Hyun Lee (Eds.) "Hello, Culture!" [18th International Conference, CAAD Futures 2019, Proceedings / ISBN 978-89-89453-05-5] Daejeon, Korea, pp. 75-87
summary	The use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) promises greater efficiency in the assessment of daylight situations than simulations. With the daylight factor under scrutiny and the recent adaptation of climate-based daylight metrics in British and European buildings standards, ANNs provide a possibility for instantaneous feedback on otherwise time-consuming performance metrices. This study demonstrates the application of ANNs as prediction systems in design exploration. A specific focus of the research is the flexibility of ANNs, their reliability and sensitivity to changes.
keywords	Artificial neural networks, atria, climate-based daylight modeling, daylight autonomy, daylight performance, parametric design
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2019/07/29 14:08

_id	ecaadesigradi2019_050
id	ecaadesigradi2019_050
authors	Lorenz, Wolfgang and Wurzer, Gabriel
year	2019
title	Visual Representation of Adjacencies - A NetLogo application to turn functional matrices into bubble diagrams
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.2.011
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 2, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 11-20
summary	This paper is based on the assumption that a key challenge of good design is spatial organization as a result of functional requirements. The authors present a new NetLogo application that assists designers in understanding proposed functional relationships (of spaces) by visualizing them graphically. In more detail, the tool translates adjacency matrices (as representation of functional relationships) into a graph (in architecture known as bubble diagram). The latter can be considered as a pre-step of the actual design, by which the information about functional interrelations becomes more readable and understandable for the designer.
keywords	Adjacency; Bubble Diagram; NetLogo; Visual Representation
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	ecaade2020_026
id	ecaade2020_026
authors	Lorenz, Wolfgang and Wurzer, Gabriel
year	2020
title	FRACAM: A 2.5D Fractal Analysis Method for Facades - Test Environment for a Cell Phone Application to Measure Box Counting Dimension
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2020.1.495
source	Werner, L and Koering, D (eds.), Anthropologic: Architecture and Fabrication in the cognitive age - Proceedings of the 38th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 16-18 September 2020, pp. 495-504
summary	Fractal analysis helps explaining and understanding architectural quality, e.g., regarding visual complexity described by fractal (box counting) dimension. FRACAM, a cell phone application, uses fractal image analysis methods and takes into account the specific requirements of architectural purposes at the same time. It was developed by the authors to measure the fractal dimension of buildings; more precisely, to measure (color or grayscale) images of (street) views. This paper examines the results of various implemented algorithms for dependencies on camera settings and environmental factors. The main contribution of the authors deals with both an improved differential box counting mechanism applied to color images and a discussion about measurement results concerning influences on the algorithms presented.
keywords	cell phone application; box counting; fractal dimension; visual complexity; elevation analysis
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	caadria2020_165
id	caadria2020_165
authors	Lorenz, Wolfgang E. and Wurzer, Gabriel
year	2020
title	FLÃ„VIZ in the rezoning process - A Web Application to visualize alternatives of land-use planning
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2020.1.813
source	D. Holzer, W. Nakapan, A. Globa, I. Koh (eds.), RE: Anthropocene, Design in the Age of Humans - Proceedings of the 25th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 5-6 August 2020, pp. 813-822
summary	The rezoning process primarily deals with proposed changes on land-use and zoning plans. More and more often, the public is asked for its opinion and feedback. However, there are two main obstacles in today's practice: On the one hand land-use and zoning plans, in general, only define the potential of areas and so do proposed draft plans; they usually say nothing about the implementation of land-use in the built space. On the other hand, the untrained majority can hardly grasp the current form of representation as two dimensional plans with accompanying written information. In order to enable a wider public participation (and understanding), the authors present FLÃ„VIZ, a 3D visualization of potentials on land-use and zoning plans.
keywords	Alternative land-use and Zoning plans; Three JS; Visual Representation
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	ecaade2021_046
id	ecaade2021_046
authors	Lorenz, Wolfgang E., Faller, Arnold and Wurzer, Gabriel
year	2021
title	DAttE - Detection of Attic Extensions - Workflow to analyze the potentials of roofs in an urban environment
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2021.1.375
source	Stojakovic, V and Tepavcevic, B (eds.), Towards a new, configurable architecture - Proceedings of the 39th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia, 8-10 September 2021, pp. 375-384
summary	European cities like Vienna are characterized by strong growth and, as a result, by high demand for living space. Extending the attic is one way of meeting this demand. However, there is a lack of data to know which roofs are already expanded and to what extent. The city is interested in the data in two ways: firstly, in relation to the distribution of potentials (a possible change in population density, for example, has an impact on infrastructure and parking space) and, secondly, in relation to the material composition (city as a material resource). This paper provides a workflow to fill this gap of knowledge. The new methods of detecting attic extensions are described and a case study is given at the end to show workability.
keywords	point clouds; thermal detection; drone detection; participation
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	ecaade2009_026
id	ecaade2009_026
authors	Lorenz, Wolfgang E.
year	2009
title	Fractal Geometry of Architecture: Implementation of the Box-Counting Method in a CAD-Software
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2009.697
source	Computation: The New Realm of Architectural Design [27th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-8-9] Istanbul (Turkey) 16-19 September 2009, pp. 697-704
summary	The author describes the basic principles for measuring architecture from the point of view of Fractal Geometry outlining the principle connections between Fractal Geometry and architecture, giving some examples and explaining the Box-Counting Method, which is an easily manageable method that can be applied to elevations. The paper not only deals with problems arising from using the Box-Counting Method but also with its relation to visual perception. It shows how the Box-Counting Dimension DB of façades can be measured with the help of a software program that was written by the author and has been implemented into AutoCAD. Finally, results of different configurations are given for the Koch curve and Robie House by Frank Lloyd Wright, showing the accuracy of this measurement method.
wos	WOS:000334282200084
keywords	Fractal architecture, box-counting dimensions of façades, visual perception, implementation in a CAD-software
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	ecaade2013_013
id	ecaade2013_013
authors	Lorenz, Wolfgang E.
year	2013
title	Combining Complexity and Harmony by the Box-Counting Method
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2013.2.667
source	Stouffs, Rudi and Sariyildiz, Sevil (eds.), Computation and Performance – Proceedings of the 31st eCAADe Conference – Volume 2, Faculty of Architecture, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, 18-20 September 2013, pp. 667-676
summary	When Benoît Mandelbrot raised the question about the length of Britain’s coastline in 1967, this was a major step towards formulating the theory of fractals, which also led to a new understanding of irregularity in nature. Since then it has become obvious that fractal geometry is more appropriate for describing complex forms than traditional Euclidean geometry (not only with regard to natural systems but also in architecture). This paper provides another view on architectural composition, following the utilization of fractal analysis. The procedure concerning the exploration of a façade design is demonstrated step by step on the Roman temple front of the Pantheon by Appolodorus and its re-interpretation – in the particular case the entrance front of Il Redentore, a Renaissance church by Palladio. Their level of complexity and range of scales that offer coherence are visualized by the specific measurement method of box-counting.
wos	WOS:000340643600069
keywords	Fractal analysis; box-counting method; Pantheon; Il Redentore; Palladio.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	caadria2009_278
id	caadria2009_278
authors	Lostritto, Carl
year	2009
title	Scripting Animation
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2009.747
source	Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / Yunlin (Taiwan) 22-25 April 2009, pp. 747-754
summary	Relationships are amplified and collapsed together as animate surfaces in the formal and spatial manifestation of design parameters. Animation is demonstrated as a medium to express topologies, as each frame is the resultant of a programmed serious of computations, the result of which varies with a parameter: effectively, time. Related conditions are parameterized through the design of algorithms as a means of direct translation into animation. Interrelated forces and limits can conversely congeal into statics with animate qualities. Process and product merge to create a language of phenomenological effects and patterns. While animation is exploited to represent parametric relationships there is a maintained awareness of time and space. The systemization and codification of design “problems” simultaneously facilitates functional, solution-driven architecture. The output is characterized by complex, performative, and specific solutions uniquely relevant to emerging models for fabrication and construction. Usage requirements and site conditions carry the weight of information-based contexts and experience-based symbols as fuel for the inherently cyclical process.
keywords	algorithm: animation; scripting; computation; aesthetics
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	ascaad2009_carl_lostritto
id	ascaad2009_carl_lostritto
authors	Lostritto, Carl R.
year	2009
title	Teaching Systems-Thinking with Algorithmic Process: Introduction to computation and programming with processing programming language
source	Digitizing Architecture: Formalization and Content [4th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2009) / ISBN 978-99901-06-77-0], Manama (Kingdom of Bahrain), 11-12 May 2009, pp. 37-46
summary	This research investigates how algorithm design and scripting as pedagogy can affect generalized design ability and understanding. Logical, systematic thinking is considered foundational in developing architectural design aptitude and is explicit when designing algorithms. The course work presented mandates the construction of process rather than product. Scripting is implemented not as a means to an end but rather a medium for exploration. More valuable than formal generator or problem-solver, these scripted designs test direct aesthetic implications. Further tested is the role of animation in de-linearizing the design process. By isolating the algorithm as topic, technique, and concept, scripting skills and the produced artifact are extendable and are translatable to other media. Algorithm design is presented as a 2-dimensional but temporal endeavor: students script an animate, interactive vector-based image. This facilitates the transition from algorithm to spatial experience while also readying students for form-based explorations. The 2-d temporal exercise is of a similar order of complexity to a 3-dimensional static condition. Pieces of the animation structure are provided as a canvas, specifically the ability of the viewer to manually control a single parametric variable that affects the visual output through a user-interface element. The following and final project of the course expands upon the technique of scripting image in the design of an experience by collaging video, images and animation.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2009/06/30 08:12

_id	caadria2024_233
id	caadria2024_233
authors	Lotfian, Shabnam, Belek Fialho Teixeira, Müge, Donovan, Jared and Caldwell, Glenda
year	2024
title	Diatoma: A Biomimetic Fabrication-Aware Lightweight Pavilion
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2024.3.191
source	Nicole Gardner, Christiane M. Herr, Likai Wang, Hirano Toshiki, Sumbul Ahmad Khan (eds.), ACCELERATED DESIGN - Proceedings of the 29th CAADRIA Conference, Singapore, 20-26 April 2024, Volume 3, pp. 191–200
summary	Rethinking conventional design and fabrication methods, this research presents a biomimetic fabrication-aware design workflow for building a lightweight pavilion. Exploring different natural organisms reveals that the optimized structures of diatoms (unicellular microalgae) could serve as a biological model to design a load-responsive lightweight pavilion. The interdisciplinary research outcome primarily involves translating diatoms’ structural and symbolic logic to component modules populated on a given free-form shell. The generative design workflow enables the designer to continuously monitor quantitative metrics such as deflection, span length, number of components and joints, size and depth of components, and weight. The model is tightly intertwined with structural analysis and optimization results. The design algorithm utilizes Rhino, Grasshopper, incorporating essential plugins such as Karamba, Octopus, and Kangaroo. The proposed fabrication method is Robotic Incremental Sheet Forming (RISF), and the material is ultra-thin aluminum sheets (0.3 mm thickness). This paper’s focus is on the design phase of the research.
keywords	Biomimetic design, Diatom, Generative design, load-responsive shell, fabrication-aware design, Lightweight pavilion
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	03ad
authors	Lottaz, C., Smith, I.F.C., Robert-Nicoud, Y. and Faltings, B.V.
year	2000
title	Constraint-based support for negotiation in collaborative design
source	Artificial Intelligence in Engineering, Vol: 14, Issue: 3, pp. 261-280.
summary	Solution spaces are proposed, instead of single solutions only, to support collaborative tasks during design and construction. Currently, partners involved in construction projects typically assign single values for sub-sets of variables and then proceed, often after tedious negotiations with other partners, to integrate these partial solutions into more complete project descriptions. We suggest the use of constraint solving to express possibly large families of acceptable solutions in order to improve the negotiation process in two ways. On one hand, con ict detection can be performed in an automated manner. Through the constraints collaborators impose, they de ne large unfeasible areas where no solution to the problem at hand can be expected. An emty intersectidon of the solution spaces can thus point at a con ict of design goals of the di erent collaborators at an early stage of the design process. On the other hand, important decision support during negotiation is provided. When a solution space is found, collaborators know during negotiation that they are negotiating about feasible solutions. Negotiation is no longer a means to nd a solution to the problem but it takes place in order to nd a good or the best solution. Since the consistency of the design remains ensured, collaborators are expected to be less restrictive towards innovative ideas during negotiation. Moreover, constraint techniques using explicit representations of solution spaces can provide tools to visualize trade-o s and illustrate the impact of certain decisions on other parameters. Thus decision-making is improved during the negotiation. New algorithms have been developed at EPFL for solving multi-dimensional nonlinear inequality constraints on continuous variables. Together with intuitive user interfaces such constraint-based support leads to better change management and easier implementation of least commitment decision strategies. It is expected that the results of this research can improve both the e ciency of negotiation processes and the quality of the achieved results.
series	journal paper
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

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