Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	architectural_intelligence2023_22
id	architectural_intelligence2023_22
authors	Jiaming Ma, Hongjia Lu, Ting-Uei Lee, Yuanpeng Liu, Ding Wen Bao & Yi Min Xie
year	2023
title	Topology optimization of shell structures in architectural design
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s44223-023-00042-z
source	Architectural Intelligence Journal
summary	Free-form architectural design has gained significant interest in modern architectural practice. Due to their visually appealing nature and inherent structural efficiency, free-form shells have become increasingly popular in architectural applications. Recently, topology optimization has been extended to shell structures, aiming to generate shell designs with ultimate structural efficiency. However, despite the huge potential of topology optimization to facilitate new design for shells, its architectural applications remain limited due to complexity and lack of clear procedures. This paper presents four design strategies for optimizing free-form shells targeting architectural applications. First, we propose a topology-optimized ribbed shell system to generate free-form rib layouts possessing improved structure performance. A reusable and recyclable formwork system is developed for their effective and sustainable fabrication. Second, we demonstrate that topology optimization can be combined with funicular form-finding techniques to generate a rich variety of elegant designs, offering new design possibilities. Third, we offer cost-effective design solutions using modular components for free-form shells by combining surface planarization and periodic constraint. Finally, we integrate topology optimization with user-defined patterns on free-form shells to facilitate aesthetic expression, exemplified by the Voronoi pattern. The presented strategies can facilitate the usage of topology optimization in shell designs to achieve high-performance and innovative solutions for architectural applications.
series	Architectural Intelligence
email
last changed	2025/01/09 15:03

_id	caadria2023_50
id	caadria2023_50
authors	Jiang, Mingrui and Cai, Chenyi
year	2023
title	Communication With Detroit: Machine Learning in Open Source Community Housing Design
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.1.049
source	Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 49–58
summary	Traditional pre-design investigation includes conceptual studies, site analysis, and programming processes to analyze the site and design for users. Instead, designers and architects should consider users' ideas and their actual usage of space, which are recorded and reflected on the social media platform. To introduce more citizens' voices in the design and learn more about people's expression of Detroit city and its housing, we propose to involve the machine learning analysis in the earlier stage of the housing project using users' reflections from social media to support the conceptual design. This paper introduces a novel design framework that deals with the lacking public programs in Detroit using an online data clustering platform and demonstrates a conceptual open-source community housing design according to related findings. This framework incorporates data collection from the Twitter platform, implementation of clustering for user-oriented programs, and design applications based on the findings. Our research demonstrates an efficient and flexible approach to the open-source community housing project.
keywords	Machine learning, Decision making, Social Media, User-oriented design, Open source community
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2023/06/15 23:14

_id	sigradi2022_15
id	sigradi2022_15
authors	Jiang, Wanzhu; Wang, Jiaqi
year	2022
title	Autonomous Collective Housing Platform: Digitization, Fluidization and Materialization of Ownership
source	Herrera, PC, Dreifuss-Serrano, C, Gómez, P, Arris-Calderon, LF, Critical Appropriations - Proceedings of the XXVI Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2022), Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, 7-11 November 2022 , pp. 15–26
summary	New social phenomena like digital nomads urge an upgrade in housing ownership. This research proposes an autonomous housing platform that shapes residential communities into adaptive and reconfigurable systems, framing a cycle of digitalization, fluidization and materialization of housing ownership. Specifically, the interactive interface carries the flexible ownership model that uses virtual space voxels as digital currency; the artificial intelligence algorithm drives the multilateral ownership negotiation and circulation, and modular robots complete the mapping from ownership status to real spaces. Taking project TESSERACT as a case study, we verified the feasibility of this method and presented expected co-living scenarios: the spaces and ownership are constantly adjusted according to demands and are always in the closest interaction with users. By exploring the ownership evolution, this research guides an integrated and inclusive housing system paradigm, triggering critical evaluation of traditional models and providing new ideas for solving housing problems in the post-digital era.
keywords	Agent-Based Systems, Digital Platform, Housing Ownership, Space Planning Algorithm, Discrete Material System
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2023/05/16 16:55

_id	cdrf2019_93
id	cdrf2019_93
authors	Jiaxin Zhang , Tomohiro Fukuda , and Nobuyoshi Yabuki
year	2020
title	A Large-Scale Measurement and Quantitative Analysis Method of Façade Color in the Urban Street Using Deep Learning
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4400-6_9
source	Proceedings of the 2020 DigitalFUTURES The 2nd International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2020)
summary	Color planning has become a significant issue in urban development, and an overall cognition of the urban color identities will help to design a better urban environment. However, the previous measurement and analysis methods for the facade color in the urban street are limited to manual collection, which is challenging to carry out on a city scale. Recent emerging dataset street view image and deep learning have revealed the possibility to overcome the previous limits, thus bringing forward a research paradigm shift. In the experimental part, we disassemble the goal into three steps: firstly, capturing the street view images with coordinate information through the API provided by the street view service; then extracting facade images and cleaning up invalid data by using the deep-learning segmentation method; finally, calculating the dominant color based on the data on the Munsell Color System. Results can show whether the color status satisfies the requirements of its urban plan for façade color in the street. This method can help to realize the refined measurement of façade color using open source data, and has good universality in practice.
series	cdrf
email
last changed	2022/09/29 07:51

_id	acadia14projects_99
id	acadia14projects_99
authors	Jimenez Garcia, Manuel
year	2014
title	Soft-Modelling
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.099
source	ACADIA 14: Design Agency [Projects of the 34th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 9789126724478]Los Angeles 23-25 October, 2014), pp. 99-102
summary	SoftModelling is a Java application developed to increase the flexibility of the design process by connecting together two of the most-used design tools; poly-modelling and physical simulation. Its code is open source and easy to manipulate in order to facilitate the creation of multiple versions suitable for different users.
keywords	Simulation + Intuition, Open Source in Design, Craft in a Digital Age, Design Decision Making, Computational design research and education, User participation in design, New digital design concepts and strategies
series	ACADIA
type	Research Projects
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	sigradi2005_042
id	sigradi2005_042
authors	Jiménez López, Mary Ruth
year	2005
title	Diffusion of research & development (RD) results with the help of new information and communication technologies (NICT)
source	SIGraDi 2005 - [Proceedings of the 9th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Lima - Peru 21-24 november 2005, vol. 1, pp. 42-47
summary	This work has the objective to post some discussions about the usage of media and communication technologies with respect to dissemination, diffusion and commercialization of RD products. With the help of a documented analysis, a system is proposed for the research and diffusion of the products generated by IDEC, to allow these products transfer, commercialization and appropriation on the part of users, in order to improve the conditions of habitability, quality of life and sustainability applicable to the construction techniques of the users own houses. Part of the concept is that the NICT are not good per se, but because of their potential to create powerful institutional, economic and social networks. Within this context, this work presents the advances achieved so far with respect to: 1. Analysis of production and information processes used for the diffusion of researches and development; 2. Current importance and limitations of intelligent systems of information diffusion; 3. Its application. " [Full paper in Spanish]
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:53

_id	2f3d
authors	Jiménez, Rodolfo
year	2000
title	Investigación Docente en Diseño Arquitectónico Asistido por Computación (Faculty Research on Computer Aided Design)
source	SIGraDi’2000 - Construindo (n)o espacio digital (constructing the digital Space) [4th SIGRADI Conference Proceedings / ISBN 85-88027-02-X] Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) 25-28 september 2000, pp. 333-335
summary	These works systematise the educational exploration experience carried out in the context of a computer course of the third year of the architecture career. In this experience it is established a digital process parallel to the one carried out in the workshop of architectural design. Taking as a base the same assignment, the exploration is guided to develop a methodology for the digital environment that assists in the idea generation process. The exercise carried out is the exploration of an abstract model, which is subject to transformation operations. In both, the architectural workshop and in the computer course. The digital exploration incorporates the study of the physical phenomenon that qualify the space (light, transparency, opacity, texture) and how these phenomenon influence the perception of the model’s internal space in future design transformations. The experience goes from a completely abstract model, to one in which transformations provide inhabitable architectural qualities. The model in this stage is what we denominated as “artefact”.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:53

_id	caadria2005_a_7c_d
id	caadria2005_a_7c_d
authors	Jin Yeu Tsou, Jie He, Yucai Xue
year	2005
title	An Open Space with Scenery: ‘Greenscape Index’ for Performance Based Planning of High Density Urban Habitation
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2005.328
source	CAADRIA 2005 [Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 89-7141-648-3] New Delhi (India) 28-30 April 2005, vol. 1, pp. 328-334
summary	This paper presents an improvement of the original openness ratio concept, which has been formulated as an integrated index for early-stage urban open space planning and design support. The ‘greenscape index’ is a rating system which quantitatively integrates human visual perception with the visible landscape resources to evaluate the visual quality of open space vision within high-density urban environment. This new index is expected to provide more comprehensive environmental performance consideration criteria for urban planning and design. The research team also discusses the potential of the introducing this index to assess both psychological preference and physical form of urban open spaces. The new concept also has shown its feasibility on integrating key environmental considerations in visual sensitivity, urban wind, urban noise and solar heat gain into simple massing study which is applicable in the preliminary planning stage.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	caadria2005_a_8c_a
id	caadria2005_a_8c_a
authors	Jing-Ji Chang, Teng-Wen Chang
year	2005
title	CHINESE CALLIGRAPHY AS COMPUTATIONAL ARCHITECTURE FORM EXPLORATION
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2005.437
source	CAADRIA 2005 [Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 89-7141-648-3] New Delhi (India) 28-30 April 2005, vol. 1, pp. 437-443
summary	Chinese calligraphy can often represent both sensory and formal expression of design concepts through its characteristics within the hand kinesis and motions expressing writer’s direct intentions. We propose an architectural form exploration interface for simulating Chinese calligraphy concept to give a rich dimensional mapping with architectural form for designers who might not skilled in Chinese calligraphy.
series	CAADRIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	cdrf2019_217
id	cdrf2019_217
authors	Jinghua Song and Sirui Sun
year	2020
title	Research on Architectural Form Optimization Method Based on Environmental Performance-Driven Design
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4400-6_21
source	Proceedings of the 2020 DigitalFUTURES The 2nd International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2020)
summary	In the context of contemporary environment and society, the architectural form optimization based on Environmental performance-driven design is a method by using environmental performance data to optimize the architectural form. Its value lies in dealing with the interaction between architecture and environment, and developing architecture with environmental sustainability. This thesis summarizes the similarities and differences between performance-driven form design and traditional bionic form design. The traditional bionic design separates the bionic object from its complex living environment, and its simple imitation tends to fall into the local rather than the global optimum. However, performancedriven design is different from bionic design. It advocates environmental factors as a driving factor rather than a confrontational factor. It is a systematic global optimal method for studying architectural form. This paper puts forward the specific architectural form optimization simulation process based on the performance-driven thought. Taking the multilayer parking building design of the riparian zone on the south bank of Chongqing as an example, the parametric design method is used to obtain architectural optimization form adapted to the environment.
series	cdrf
email
last changed	2022/09/29 07:51

_id	architectural_intelligence2024_27
id	architectural_intelligence2024_27
authors	Jingming Li & Jiaoju Wang
year	2024
title	Affordable generic digital twins for existing building environment management and an onsite deployment
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s44223-024-00071-2
source	Architectural Intelligence Journal
summary	The energy consumption during the operation and maintenance phase of buildings is huge. As the built-up area in China increases, the demand for energy conservation in existing buildings has become a key focus of its dual carbon policy. Intelligent operation and maintenance based on digital twins is an emerging means to reduce carbon emissions from buildings, but it faces some problems in the process of promotion. Complete digital and intelligent transformation requires significant investment and has certain requirements for project parties and operation and maintenance teams. Small businesses or individual households have relatively simple requirements for intelligent operation and maintenance scenarios and do not require complete digital twins. To address the above issues, this article uses an affordable universal digital twin framework to provide a digital solution for intelligent operation and maintenance of existing buildings. This solution allows networking communication between devices and uses IoT modules to monitor and control the environment. This digital twinning model can reduce the measurement and control of energy-consuming end devices without on-site transformation and has rich scalability. This article uses the solution to deploy an office at a university in Henan Province and specifically measures the power consumption of displays, indoor environment, and air conditioning. According to the needs, it expands the space occupation, fans, air handlers, lights, and other end devices of the digital twin. The digital twin accurately presents the energy consumption of the office during extreme weather conditions, which has an auxiliary role in promoting digital twins in the region and optimizing energy consumption in existing buildings.
series	Architectural Intelligence
email
last changed	2025/01/09 15:05

_id	cdrf2022_199
id	cdrf2022_199
authors	Jingming Li
year	2022
title	Using Text Understanding to Create Formatted Semantic Web from BIM
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8637-6_17
source	Proceedings of the 2022 DigitalFUTURES The 4st International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2022)
summary	The application of BIM in the building life cycle needs to be continuous. The information collected and accumulated in the early stages should flow to the subsequent phases. However, BIM applications currently focus on collision inspection, compliance inspection, and engineering calculation, few models can be successively used in the following stages. Remodeling is required in the operation and maintenance period, resulting in waste. Meanwhile, some of the information accumulated by BIM might be frequently used in the operation and maintenance stage, while some data are relatively rarely used. The semantic web can help manage building information at all stages. But the generation of a semantic web is mostly manually completed. It is necessary to standardize the repeated semantic description in the model and convert BIM into a standard semantic model for information indexing, reducing the resource consumption of model loading and optimizing the efficiency of the operation and maintenance system. When the existing research transforms from BIM to the semantic web, there will be a lack of information and descriptions of the ownership relationship between entities due to the limitation of formats. To realize the standard transformation from BIM to the semantic web, this work proposes a method of using Natural Language Processing (NLP) to understand the text and infer the relationship between entities according to the knowledge map. First, the entities are extracted from BIM, such as air conditioning unit, electric lamp, fan, etc., if the name of the extracted entity is irregular, the names are translated with the help of NLP and Ontology (such as brick or haystack) to obtain the standard definition. By comparing the complete knowledge graph (such as the knowledge graph of the air conditioning system), the relationships can be deduced, and then a standardized semantic model can be generated.
series	cdrf
email
last changed	2024/05/29 14:02

_id	cdrf2019_229
id	cdrf2019_229
authors	Jingyi Li and Hong Chen
year	2020
title	Optimization and Prediction of Design Variables Driven by Building Energy Performance—A Case Study of Office Building in Wuhan
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4400-6_22
source	Proceedings of the 2020 DigitalFUTURES The 2nd International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2020)
summary	This research focuses on the energy performance of office building in Wuhan. The research explored and predicted the optimal solution of design variables by Multi-Island Genetic Algorithm (MIGA) and RBF Artificial neural networks (RBF-ANNs). Research analyzed the cluster centers of design variable by K-means cluster method. In the study, the RBF-ANNs model was established by 1,000 simulation cases. The RMSE (root mean square error) of the RBF-ANNs model in different energy aspects does not exceed 15%. Comparing to the reference case (the largest energy consumption case in the optimization), the 214 elite cases in RBF-ANNs model save at least 37.5% energy. By the cluster centers of the design variables in the elite cases, the study summarized the benchmark of 14 design variables and also suggested a building energy guidance for Wuhan office building design.
series	cdrf
email
last changed	2022/09/29 07:51

_id	caadria2008_76_session7b_629
id	caadria2008_76_session7b_629
authors	Jinuntuya, Pinyo; Prittiporn Lopkerd
year	2008
title	Interactive 3D VE-CAAD system for Collaborative Design Automation using Ruby on Rails Framework
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2008.629
source	CAADRIA 2008 [Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Chiang Mai (Thailand) 9-12 April 2008, pp. 629-634
summary	This paper presents our 2 commercial CAAD solutions, to evaluate the suitability of tools and programming techniques for enhancing collaboration in design automation process
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	sigradi2017_055
id	sigradi2017_055
authors	Jipa, Andrei; Mathias Bernhard, Nicolas Ruffray, Dr. Timothy Wangler, Prof. Dr. Flatt, Robert; Benjamin Dillenburger
year	2017
title	SkelETHon Formwork - 3D Printed Plastic Formwork for Load-Bearing Concrete Structures
source	SIGraDi 2017 [Proceedings of the 21th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-956-227-439-5] Chile, Concepción 22 - 24 November 2017, pp.379-387
summary	The imperative need for complex geometries in architecture is driving innovation towards an unconstrained fabrication freedom in building components. Fabrication constraints are a critical obstacle when material efficiency through complex, optimized topologies is sought. To address this constraint, this research investigates the use of 3D printed plastic formwork for fibre reinforced concrete at large scale. This novel construction method makes complex topologies and precise details possible for full-scale, load bearing structures. To demonstrate its potential applications, SkelETHon —a functional four-meter-long concrete canoe— was designed, built and raced in a regatta on the Rhine river (Figure 1).
keywords	Concrete; 3D Printing; Formwork; Digital Fabrication; Canoe;
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2021/03/28 19:58

_id	ga0232
id	ga0232
authors	Jirapong, Kamon and Krawczyk, Robert J.
year	2002
title	Architectural Forms by Abstracting Nature
source	International Conference on Generative Art
summary	The structures in nature are great lessons for human study. Having been in development for several billion years, only the most successful structural forms have survived. The resourcefulness of material use, the underlying structural systems and the profound capacity to respond to a variety of climatic and environmental forces make natural form tremendous exemplars to human architectures. The wholeness of natural form indicates that the form and forces are always in some sense of equilibrium. In most of natural forms, the quality of equilibrium may be difficult to recognize. However, seashells are one of the natural forms whose functions are simple enough to be approximated by a simple mathematical relationship. The focus of this study was to understand the seashell form as applicable to human architectures. Digital methods are the language to analyze, create, and simulate seashell forms, as well as, suggest a variety of possible architectural forms.
series	other
email
more	http://www.generativeart.com/
last changed	2003/08/07 17:25

_id	f0a9
authors	Jirapong, Kamon
year	2002
title	Natural Forms As Virtual Architectures
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2002.382
source	Connecting the Real and the Virtual - design e-ducation [20th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-0-8] Warsaw (Poland) 18-20 September 2002, pp. 382-385
summary	The structures in nature are great lessons for human study. Having been in development for several billion years, only the most successful structural forms have survived. The resourcefulness of material use, the underlying structural systems and the profound capacity to respond to a variety of climatic and environmental forces make natural form tremendous exemplars to human architectures. The wholeness of natural form indicates that the form and forces are always in some sense of equilibrium. In most of natural forms, the quality of equilibrium may be difficult to recognize. However, seashells are one of the natural forms whose functions are simple enough to be approximated by a simple mathematical relationship. The focus of this study was to understand the seashell form as applicable to human architectures. The digital method is a language to create and simulate seashell forms. This paper suggesting a variety of possible architectural forms derived from a seashell.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:49

_id	bsct_jiraschek
id	bsct_jiraschek
authors	Jiraschek, Roberta
year	2007
title	Improving Child Safety in Residential Buildings via Architectural Design and Technology Integration
source	Vienna University of Technology; Building Science & Technology
summary	This work intends to create design guidelines based on the classification of design elements in residential buildings according to risk levels. It suggests the inclusion of safety aspects in children’s immediate environment by better design solutions and technologies which can help to prevent home accidents that mainly affect children aged between 0 and 4 years. The guidelines could help to create new building and design standards for architects and the building industry. They are based on research, conducted mainly in the European Union and the United States of America, into regulations and programs focusing on the prevention of home accidents. This work may be of benefit to parents, manufacturers, the building industry, architects and governments. Parents may benefit, obviously, because they get information on how to decrease the number of hazards within their children’s environment. It may help manufacturers improve their safety standards. Consumers may choose from a range of safer products. It may prompt the building industry to create safer designs and products thus avoiding liability claims. It may inspire architects to a more safety-oriented design. Finally governments could reduce health costs – in Austria alone, for example, more than € 3.4 billion a year are spent on home and leisure accidents.
keywords	children, accident prevention, hazards, risk assessment, design guideline
series	thesis:MSc
type	normal paper
email
more	http://cec.tuwien.ac.at
last changed	2007/07/16 17:55

_id	acadia23_v2_24
id	acadia23_v2_24
authors	Jiun Gan, Amelia Wen; Sayegh, Allen; Witt, Andrew
year	2023
title	From Waste to 3D CAD: Framework for Geographical and Temporally Conscious Design Tool
source	ACADIA 2023: Habits of the Anthropocene: Scarcity and Abundance in a Post-Material Economy [Volume 2: Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference for the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9891764-0-3]. Denver. 26-28 October 2023. edited by A. Crawford, N. Diniz, R. Beckett, J. Vanucchi, M. Swackhamer 24-32.
summary	This paper introduces a framework that addresses the limitations of form-first design approaches in contemporary architectural practice, where digital design and comput- er-aided design (CAD) tools often neglect material realities. The framework aims to bridge the gap between form-based and material-centric approaches by proposing a digital design tool that is both geographical and temporally conscious. Outlined in this paper is a proposal for a 3D modeling tool that incorporates information from material, weather, and environmental databases, enabling users to model with location-specific materials that dynamically respond to local environmental factors over time. This integration of material and environmental data empowers designers to consider the temporal dimension of their design decisions, promoting a more environmentally sustainable and contextually respon- sive design practice. The presented framework and pilot tool derived observations and insights from material studies, fabrication experiments, and accelerated weathering tests. These tests involve bio-composites made from agricultural byproducts and food wastes, where the findings are translated into computational simulations for material properties and decay. These insights inform the development of the framework, which seeks to align with the principles of a circular and hyperlocal material economy, countering supply-chain determinism by emphasizing localization, mechanical property variation, and material decay. This paper contributes to the advancement of architectural design and fabrication by bridging the gap between form-based and material-centric approaches, fostering an understanding of materials and their temporal characteristics. The proposed 3D modeling tool promotes sustainable and contextually responsive architectural solutions, advocating for the use of regionally sourced materials.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2024/12/20 09:12

_id	caadria2005_a_8a_a
id	caadria2005_a_8a_a
authors	Jixi Ai, Shike Li, Gebing Wei
year	2005
title	Digital Method for Landscape Evaluation: Taking The Lesser Three Gorges for example
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2005.363
source	CAADRIA 2005 [Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 89-7141-648-3] New Delhi (India) 28-30 April 2005, vol. 1, pp. 363-375
summary	Landscape in narrow sense means a set of multiple features about topography, landforms, scenery and etc., and it is in accord to general people, especially their visual experience and psychological cognition, and acceptable too by architects and planners. The paper presents a digital method aimed the type of river valley landscape and several key quantitative indexes. The writers have taken the Lesser Three Gorges for an example to evaluate its value in landscape, and shown this method available and useful.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

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