Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	7c0e
authors	Koutamanis, Alexander and Den Hartog, Peter
year	2001
title	Simulation and representation. Learning from airflow analyses in buildings
source	Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures [ISBN 0-7923-7023-6] Eindhoven, 8-11 July 2001, pp. 657-666
summary	The simulation of environmental aspects is a current priority in design research and practice. The availability of relatively efficient and reliable simulation systems and the emphasis on environmental aspects throughout a building’s lifecycle combine to stimulate exploration of aspects such as lighting and air quality by computational means. Nevertheless, a frequent complaint is that the addition of such simulations makes design information processing timeconsuming and cumbersome, thereby increasing uncertainty and indecision. Therefore, it is imperative that simulation is integrated in the strategies and tools normally used by the digitally-minded architect. In this respect a central issue is the relations between the simulation and the design representation used as connecting tissue for the whole design environment. Input of design information in the simulation means identification of relevant objects, aspects, parts and properties of these objects, as well as relationships between objects. The explicit description of objects such as spaces, doors and windows in the design representation allows for ready extraction of relevant information, including automatic recognition of relationships such as adjacency between a window and a space. The addition of information specific to the airflow analysis was resolved by the extension of the representation to cover front-end service components such as inlets and outlets and general properties (annotations) such as activities accommodated in a space and the primary choice of cooling and heating subsystems. The design representation is also the obvious target for the output of the simulation (feedback). Visualization of airflow in terms of the resulting voxels makes effortless and enjoyable viewing but merely allowing the visualization to coexist with the representation of spaces and building elements does not provide design guidance. One way of achieving that is by treating spaces not as integral entities but as containers of relevant surfaces. These surfaces determine the adaptive subdivision of the space and function as attractors for voxel clustering.
keywords	Simulation, Representation, Visualization
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2006/11/07 07:22

_id	ddssar0016
id	ddssar0016
authors	Koutamanis, Alexander and Mitossi, Vicky
year	2000
title	Grammatical and syntactic properties of CAAD representations for the early design stages
source	Timmermans, Harry (Ed.), Fifth Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning - Part one: Architecture Proceedings (Nijkerk, the Netherlands)
summary	CAAD representations for the early design stages have traditionally focused on aspects apparently relating to design creativity, such as flexible, effortless and rich geometric modelling. However, modelling capabilities are generally unconnected to the control and analysis of design constraints that affect the further development of the design. These usually refer to functional and spatial aspects that are only implicit in a CAAD representation of design ‘solids’. Moreover, the stability and reliability of control and analysis rely on the grammatical and syntactic quality of the representation. In particular, (a) the grammatical well-formedness of spatial and building primitives, and (b) the syntactic completeness and unambiguity of spatial relations are essential prerequisites to any meaningful analysis of aspects such as fulfilment of programmatic requirements, indoor climate, lighting or human interaction with the built environment. The paper describes a dual spatial and building element representation implemented on top of a standard drawing system. The representation attempts to minimize input requirements, while at the same time providing feedback on the grammatical and syntactic quality of the design description.
series	DDSS
last changed	2003/08/07 16:36

_id	ecaade03_653_144_koutamanis
id	ecaade03_653_144_koutamanis
authors	Koutamanis, Alexander and Steijns, Yolanda
year	2003
title	Types and precedents in design guidance
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2003.653
source	Digital Design [21th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-1-6] Graz (Austria) 17-20 September 2003, pp. 653-658
summary	In recent years Dutch secondary education has been undergoing a fundamental change due to the introduction of new didactic approaches which relate strongly to ongoing social and technological developments. This affects existing school buildings, the majority of which is quite conventional in spatial terms and is characterized by limited flexibility and transformability. Consequently, most schools require extensive modifications in their spatial and building structure. The requirements underlying these modifications are not stable. Many schools have become interested in experimental ideas that may require inevitably further changes in the buildings. The paper considers the continuous transformation of Dutch school buildings with respect to their typology: by correlating new design briefs to building types rather than their instances we arrive at general guidelines that can be easily adapted to specific cases. To achieve this, the types are analysed with respect to geometry, topology and zoning. The results of the analysis describe the affordances of each type in terms of general flexibility, transformability and adaptability, as well as in relation to generic briefs. They also provide an explanation of the historical evolution of the types and the means for relating primary characteristics to local configurations, thereby allowing the accurate description of hybrid instances. The descriptions and analysis of buildings are organized into a polyhierarchical multilevel database that supports typological abstraction and offers several starting points (at various abstraction levels) for matching a new brief to an existing building. This enriches the development of the brief or a design solution with explicit, specific information derived from concrete precedents with known form, structure, behaviour and performance.
keywords	Typology, precedence, case-based design, briefing, design information systems
series	eCAADe
email
more	http://www.re-h.nl/transformaties/
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	2647
authors	Koutamanis, Alexander
year	1994
title	Sun and Time in the Built Environment
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1994.x.f4j
source	The Virtual Studio [Proceedings of the 12th European Conference on Education in Computer Aided Architectural Design / ISBN 0-9523687-0-6] Glasgow (Scotland) 7-10 September 1994, p. 248
summary	At a time when requirements on the quality of the built environment are increasingly becoming explicit and specific, computer technology promises the ability to analyse and evaluate buildings during the design process. The computer can extract the necessary information from conventional geometric representations, generate comprehensive descriptions of the aspects to be analysed and use these to arrive at precise and accurate results that can be represented visually. Visual representations facilitate comprehension of the analyses and of their results because of their agreement with our predominantly visual perception of the built environment. The consequent close correspondences between geometric design representations and the visual representation of analyses and evaluations allow direct correlation of the results with the design as a whole. Such correlation is instrumental for imposing explicit and justifiable constraints on the further development of a design. One good example of visual analyses is daylighting. In many drafting and modelling programs a viewing point can be set on the basis the sun’s height and azimuth. The projection returned reveals the surfaces that are directly lit by the sun. In other programs the sun’s height and azimuth can be used to position a light source with parallel rays. This source gives rise to shading and shadows that correspond to the ones produced by the sun. In addition, several programs can calculate the position of the sun and hence the viewing point or the light source on the basis of the date, the time and the geographic coordinates of the place. The availability of computer-aided daylighting analysis has obvious advantages for practice. Efficiency and reliability of the analysis increase, while flexibility is superior to analog simulations. Unfortunately automation of daylighting analysis may also impede understanding of underlying principles, that is, of the issues at the focus of architectural education. Explaining how the analysis is performed and why becomes thus a necessity for computer-aided design education. Exercises that aim at more than just learning and using a computer program can enrich the student’s understanding of the analysis and its results. The efficiency and flexibility of the computer facilitate the study of aspects such as the comparison of local apparent time, local mean time, standard time and daylight saving time and their significance for daylighting, solar heating and cooling patterns and possibilities. Sundials with their explicit correspondence to solar movement can be instrumental in this respect. The efficiency and flexibility of the computer also support the investigation of the techniques by which the daylighting analysis is performed and explain the relationships between projective theory, sciagraphy and computer graphics. A better understanding of the principles and techniques for daylighting analysis has a generally positive influence on the students’ learning of the daylighting analysis software and more significantly on their correlation of daylighting constraints with their designs. This leads in turn to increased flexibility and adaptability of the designs with respect to daylighting and to a conscious and meaningful exploration of variations and alternative solutions.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	cc8b
authors	Koutamanis, Alexander
year	1995
title	Background Information Systems
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1995.231
source	Multimedia and Architectural Disciplines [Proceedings of the 13th European Conference on Education in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe / ISBN 0-9523687-1-4] Palermo (Italy) 16-18 November 1995, pp. 231-242
summary	Information systems increasingly appear as core elements of computer-aided architectural design environments. They provide the input and accommodate the output of automated and interactive procedures. The paper proposes the development of architectural information systems as an unobstrusive multimedia infrastructure in the background of specialized programs used for performing specific design t.asks. Background multimedia systems facilitate communication between specialized programs by means of their compound representations. These combine different types of information and provide an overview of the overall system and of the processes implemented in it.
series	eCAADe
email
more	http://dpce.ing.unipa.it/Webshare/Wwwroot/ecaade95/Pag_29.htm
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	f853
authors	Koutamanis, Alexander
year	1995
title	Multilevel Analysis of Fire Escape Routes in a Virtual Environment
source	Sixth International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Futures [ISBN 9971-62-423-0] Singapore, 24-26 September 1995, pp. 331-342
summary	The paper discusses the computer-aided analysis and evaluation of fire safety in relation to pedestrian circulation in buildings, i.e., fire escape routes. It describes an approach employing both detailed and abstract representations. The goals of the research include: (a) the development of a pyramidal structure that links design analyses at different levels of abstraction; (b) the evaluation of abstract, normative levels of the analysis (and though these of underlying legal and professional principles) using the results of detailed, accurate simulations; and (c) the development a reliable framework for testing human behaviour in fire hazard.
keywords	Fire Safety, Escape Routes, Analysis and Evaluation, Recognition, Simulation
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2003/05/16 20:58

_id	e077
authors	Koutamanis, Alexander
year	1998
title	Designing with the Computer: The Influence of Design Practice and Research
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1998.091
source	Computers in Design Studio Teaching [EAAE/eCAADe International Workshop Proceedings / ISBN 09523687-7-3] Leuven (Belgium) 13-14 November 1998, pp. 91-97
summary	The paper describes the setup and development of an advanced course in CAAD in the framework of a particular teaching environment and the democratization of computing technologies. It traces the transformation of goals and means for the course as a result of changing priorities and interests towards a form that agrees with emerging cultural patterns as observed in architectural education.
series	eCAADe
email
more	http://www.eaae.be/
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	7e64
authors	Koutamanis, Alexander
year	1999
title	Approaches to the Integration of CAAD Education in the Electronic Era: Two Value Systems
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1999.238
source	Architectural Computing from Turing to 2000 [eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-5-7] Liverpool (UK) 15-17 September 1999, pp. 238-243
summary	In recent years the democratization of information and communication technologies (ICT) has become the greatest influence on the structure of CAAD education. While the content of the CAAD courses simply had to absorb the new technological possibilities, the structure of the courses and in particular their relationship to the rest of the curriculum has become the subject of speculation and experimentation. Integration of CAAD education in an architectural curriculum occurs either by (a) placing emphasis on designing in CAAD courses, or by (b) integrating computing in design courses. Both approaches respond to the democratization of ICT by making design computing widely available and acceptable. Further improvement is possible if the student becomes the carrier of integration. This is based on the long-term amplification of two value systems. The first refers to personal cognition: rather than rewarding a student with the teacher's approval, educational goals should be translated into individual skills and knowledge. The second system addresses the values of the peer group: such groups support learning by comparison to other individuals and emerging communal characteristics, either as a result of competition or for reasons of assimilation.
keywords	Education, Democracy, Personal Cognition
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	3760
authors	Koutamanis, Alexander
year	2000
title	Recognition and Indexing of Architectural Features in Floor Plans on the Internet
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2000.357
source	CAADRIA 2000 [Proceedings of the Fifth Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 981-04-2491-4] Singapore 18-19 May 2000, pp. 357-366
summary	The Internet promises a worldwide information system, capable of uniting different sources and types of original, up-to-date and directly usable information. Among the main components of this system are retrieval mechanisms characterized by high precision and recall, as well as by supportive relevance feedback. The textual versions of these retrieval mechanisms have been available for some time and have achieved a certain degree of efficiency and sophistication. Image retrieval lags behind, despite the recent advances in content-based retrieval. In architecture this is largely due to the lack of integration of domain knowledge and known formalisms. Indexing and retrieval of architectural floor plans can rely on existing generative systems such as shape grammars and rectangular arrangements. By reversing generative systems in purpose we derive compact descriptions that describe completely a floor plan and make explicit all relevant features rather than a small number of features. The main limitation of reversed generative systems is that they apply to specific classes of designs. Unification in indexing and retrieval can only take place at the level of basic primitives, i.e. spaces and building elements. In both vector and pixel images of architectural floor plans this can be achieved by a universal recognition system that identifies salient local features to produce a basic spatial representation.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	ebb4
authors	Koutamanis, Alexander
year	2000
title	Digital architectural visualization
source	Automation in Construction 9 (4) (2000) pp. 347-360
summary	The democratization of computer technologies is changing architectural visualization in two significant ways. The first is that the availability of digital media promotes wider and intensive application of computer visualization. The second concerns the extension of architectural design to visualization in information systems. The transition from analogue to digital visualization relates to fundamental questions ranging from the role of geometric representations in architecture and the relationships between analysis and visualization to the structure of abstraction. In addition, it requires technology and knowledge transfer also from areas other than computer science. The integration of such transfers suggests a flexible, modular approach that contradicts the holistic, integral principles of computer-aided architectural design.
series	journal paper
more	http://www.elsevier.com/locate/autcon
last changed	2003/05/15 21:22

_id	554e
authors	Koutamanis, Alexander
year	2001
title	3 x 2 Approaches to Design Management
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2001.220
source	Architectural Information Management [19th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-8-1] Helsinki (Finland) 29-31 August 2001, pp. 220-225
summary	Following the arguably successful introduction of building, project and real estate management to traditional architectural areas, design management is emerging as the new hot issue. One of the main arguments for it is the alleged low performance of the architect in the face of the technical complexity and operational intricacy that characterizes current design problems. In this respect, management is seen as the missing link in the architect’s methodical and operational framework. The paper suggests that this link derives more from the constraints of the domain and its subject matter rather than a management perspective. Design management refers to two main dimensions of architectural design, these of design method and of design subject. With respect to the first dimension we distinguish between three main categories: proscriptive, prescriptive and descriptive approaches. In the second dimension the distinction is between the coordination of the design process and that of the design product. The 3x2 matrix defined by these two dimensions stresses the significance of descriptive approaches for the informatization of the representation and communication of the design product. In this framework design information management emerges as an applied area of (computational) design theory that facilitates the amphidrome development of a design, i.e. not only from brief to postoccupancy but also from detail, case and precedent to design idea and solution, as well as the identification and management of critical moments, i.e. moments characterized by convergence of activities and hence extensive and intensive communication.
keywords	Method, Management, Descriptive, Informatization
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	72fb
authors	Koutamanis, Alexander
year	2001
title	On the Management of Visual Design Documentation
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2001.124
source	Architectural Information Management [19th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-8-1] Helsinki (Finland) 29-31 August 2001, pp. 124-130
summary	One of the most significant consequences of computerization in design practice is a spectacular increase in the amount and complexity of information produced for the specification, analysis and communication of design decisions and products. Computerization is intended to have a positive effect on such subjects but offers no builtin guarantees. The complexity, redundancy and amount of information that is generated on a variety of media has accentuated the problems of archiving, indexing and retrieving design documentation, either in the same project or in related ones. The shortcomings of visual information processing derive from a number of inherent problems: lack of integration in information carriers and kinds; organizational uncertainty, especially with respect to archiving and retrieval; superficial replication of analogue practices; limited understanding of information utility; chronic underestimates of automation potential coupled to overestimates of costs. A progressive improvement of design documentation should focus on: (1) the integration of information kinds and carriers in a single representation (in the direction of virtual prototyping); (2) correlation of information registration and processing with information utility; (3) structural rather than opportunistic or deterministic integration of utility requirements in design representations; (4) recognition of informatization and information management as a new specialization that complements existing roles in the design and management of the built environment
keywords	Computerization, Management, Visual Representation, Integration
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	sigradi2005_333
id	sigradi2005_333
authors	Koutamanis, Alexander
year	2005
title	Group design evaluation
source	SIGraDi 2005 - [Proceedings of the 9th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Lima - Peru 21-24 november 2005, vol. 1, pp. 333-337
summary	Architectural visualization refers not only to the bulk of documents produced in the externalization of design representations but also to a major component of design communication and decision-taking. The paper focuses on the use of visualization in group design processes, i.e. processes typically involving the issues of common authorship, multi-actor design and intensive interaction between different aspects. It proposes that effective group design visualization requires hybrid environments that combine digital and analogue media in unobtrusive and efficient support structures. Registration of design information in group visualization refers primarily to two complementary dimensions: the syntagmatic (the sequence of actions that produce an image) and the paradigmatic (the collection of graphic primitives in the image). Recording syntagmatic information (i.e. who drew what and when) is essential for disentangling the usually dense results of group visualization and for distinguishing between actors, aspects and alternatives.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:54

_id	2005_629
id	2005_629
authors	Koutamanis, Alexander
year	2005
title	A Biased History of CAAD
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2005.629
source	Digital Design: The Quest for New Paradigms [23nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-3-2] Lisbon (Portugal) 21-24 September 2005, pp. 629-637
summary	The democratization and popularization of the computer has brought on fundamental changes to many areas related to computer science, including CAAD. Such areas have been facing the necessity to reposition and reorient themselves in rapidly evolving academic and professional frameworks. A factor that complicates the processes of repositioning and reorientation is that most areas have a short but varied and frequently incoherent history that may be poorly understood. The paper is an attempt to trace the history of CAAD by means of publications. This refers to both key publications and the thematic structure of the overall CAAD production. The underlying hypothesis is that CAAD derives from two distinct ambitions, the technology-driven, bottom-up development of architectural computer graphics and the more domain theory-minded, top-down automation of designing. A third, less popular ambition is the computerization of analysis and evaluation, which can be treated as a subcategory of the previous two. The results of the bibliographic analysis are summarized in a timeline that indicates a convergence of ambitions and approaches in the 1980s, the period when CAAD became a recognizable area. In the 1990s the democratization and popularization of the computer caused diversification of CAAD activities over a wide spectrum, ranging from support to end-use of computer systems to computational theory and including the development of advanced, specific applications in cooperation with other architecture, building or design specializations.
keywords	History; Bibliography; Drawing; Design; Computerization
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	sigradi2005_468
id	sigradi2005_468
authors	Koutamanis, Alexander
year	2005
title	The continuity style in architectural dynamic visualization
source	SIGraDi 2005 - [Proceedings of the 9th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Lima - Peru 21-24 november 2005, vol. 1, pp. 468-472
summary	The term “continuity style” in cinema refers to a collection of cinematic conventions aiming at a realistic viewing experience without drawing attention to the elements of illusion used in the representation of 3D space on 2D film. The continuity style underlies the majority of narrative films produced to date and has had a significant influence on other genres, including documentaries. Despite the similarities in purpose, architectural filmmaking owes little to the cumulative knowledge of filmmaking encapsulated in the continuity style. While narrative films focus on the viewing experience, architectural animation tends to be dominated by integral 3D building models. We propose that key elements of the continuity style could be applied to architectural dynamic visualization in order to enhance both lay perception of architectural space and professional analysis of design intentions. These elements refer to four primary areas of architectural dynamic visualization: narrative, camera use, lighting and model structure.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:54

_id	2006_152
id	2006_152
authors	Koutamanis, Alexander
year	2006
title	Contextual awareness in mobile information processing
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2006.152
source	Communicating Space(s) [24th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-5-9] Volos (Greece) 6-9 September 2006, pp. 152-159
summary	Applications of mobile information technologies in architecture and building require a high degree of contextual awareness not only for localization but also for distinguishing between different types of information (relevant, redundant, stable etc.). This awareness refers to the physical context of a device, as well as to the social dynamics of the situation (including interaction with shared information). Architectural knowledge and in particular design representations support the development of contextual awareness but there are significant differences between these representations and the use of information they convey in mobile applications.
keywords	Mobile information processing; context; representation; information systems
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	2006_384
id	2006_384
authors	Koutamanis, Alexander
year	2006
title	Recognizing architectural representations
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2006.384
source	Communicating Space(s) [24th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-5-9] Volos (Greece) 6-9 September 2006, pp. 384-391
summary	The paper presents an overview of mechanisms underlying architectural perception and recognition. These include both general perceptual principles and specific domain constraints. The former determine the objective identification of elements and relationships in any visual scene, while the latter make architectural styles recognizable even to perceivers without extensive acquaintance with architecture. This is because many of the architectural constraints underlying a style have a firm foundation in general principles.
keywords	Representation; recognition; perception; architectural style
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	ijac20075401
id	ijac20075401
authors	Koutamanis, Alexander
year	2007
title	Fuzzy Modelling for Early Architectural Design
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 5 - no. 4, pp. 589-610
summary	Fuzzy modelling is simultaneously an extension of existing modelling approaches and a negation of one of their main aspects, the crispness of their definition. As a digital equivalent of analogue sketching it allows designers to register and manipulate imprecise and uncertain information. In the framework of design representations fuzzy modelling supports the development of conceptual design models characterized by flexible definition and interaction. The main advantages of such models are fluency, abstraction and continuity, at a level similar to that of analogue techniques. In addition to that they offer the possibility of local autonomy, i.e. segmentation of a representation into self-regulating and cooperating components. Three alternative forms of fuzzy modelling are proposed: (1) Canonical objects with tolerances, (2) objects described by minimal and maximal values, and (3) point sets comprising discrete, autonomous particles that describe the object by their spatial or structural relationships.
series	journal
email
last changed	2008/02/25 20:30

_id	cf2007_183
id	cf2007_183
authors	Koutamanis, Alexander
year	2007
title	Use of a Mobile Architectural Guide
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / 978-1-4020-6527-9 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / 978-1-4020-6527-9] Sydney (Australia) 11–13 July 2007, pp. 183-195
summary	A mobile architectural guide assists architectural tourists in selecting, navigating to and recognizing architectural sights. The guide supports such tasks by means of domain knowledge, design documentation and contextual information organized into navigation modules, architectural information systems and learning modules.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2007/07/06 12:47

_id	ecaade2007_039
id	ecaade2007_039
authors	Koutamanis, Alexander
year	2007
title	Matching Representation to Perception
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2007.551
source	Predicting the Future [25th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-6-5] Frankfurt am Main (Germany) 26-29 September 2007, pp. 551-558
summary	Visual representations play an important role in mobile architectural guides, especially with respect to the identification of buildings, i.e. matching internal representations to external ones (the documentation in the guide) and the perceived scene. By restructuring this documentation into networks of significant architectural entities and features a guide is enriched with flexible, economical means for supporting building identification under the typically variable conditions architectural travelers have to endure.
keywords	Mobile computing, architectural guide, representation, perception, recognition
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

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