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CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	5a8a
authors	Kim, Young-Suk and Haas, Carl T.
year	2000
title	A model for automation of infrastructure maintenance using representational forms
source	Automation in Construction 10 (1) (2000) pp. 57-68
summary	This paper proposes a model for the application of imaging to the automation of infrastructure maintenance. The model incorporates: (a) a domain structure, (b) human-machine interaction, (c) processes including machine vision, sensor data fusion, automated task planning, and control loops, and (d) graphical representation and visualization. In this paper, results are presented for automated crack and joint sealing, focusing on the development and use of a line snapping machine vision algorithm. It is concluded that the algorithm should be broadly applicable to applications in pavements, buildings, bridges, storage tanks, tunnels and utility pipes. The model can provide context and structure for development of new algorithms.
series	journal paper
more	http://www.elsevier.com/locate/autcon
last changed	2003/05/15 21:22

_id	sigradi2022_217
id	sigradi2022_217
authors	Kim, Yujin; Jeronimidis, George; Ebrahim, Hesham
year	2022
title	The effect of façade curvature and surrounding building heights on pedestrian-level wind speeds in the City of London
source	Herrera, PC, Dreifuss-Serrano, C, Gómez, P, Arris-Calderon, LF, Critical Appropriations - Proceedings of the XXVI Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2022), Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, 7-11 November 2022 , pp. 1175–1186
summary	This paper analyses the effect of façade curvature with varying the surrounding building heights on pedestrian-level wind speeds and comfort for walking, using computational fluid dynamics. The case study focuses on 20 Fenchurch Street site in London as several complaints have risen in relation to high wind speeds, the cause of which is not thoroughly understood. The results of the simulation revealed that although the increase of surrounding building heights reduces overall pedestrian-level wind speeds for both curved existing and cuboid building, façade curvature impacts differently on winds, compared to the cuboid. Isolated curved and cuboid building would perform similarly with the exception of the northwest corner. However, introducing the existing surrounding buildings, the curved façade geometry would create larger area of walking discomfort compared to the cuboid geometry. When the height of the surrounding buildings is increased, both buildings would perform similarly with minor aerodynamic advantage to the curved-façade.
keywords	Building Performance, Wind Microclimate, Tall Building, Surroundings, Pedestrian-level Wind Speeds
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2023/05/16 16:57

_id	ecaadesigradi2019_339
id	ecaadesigradi2019_339
authors	Kinugawa, Hina and Takizawa, Atsushi
year	2019
title	Deep Learning Model for Predicting Preference of Space by Estimating the Depth Information of Space using Omnidirectional Images
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 2, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 61-68
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.2.061
summary	In this study, we developed a method for generating omnidirectional depth images from corresponding omnidirectional RGB images of streetscapes by learning each pair of omnidirectional RGB and depth images created by computer graphics using pix2pix. Then, the models trained with different series of images shot under different site and weather conditions were applied to Google street view images to generate depth images. The validity of the generated depth images was then evaluated visually. In addition, we conducted experiments to evaluate Google street view images using multiple participants. We constructed a model that estimates the evaluation value of these images with and without the depth images using the learning-to-rank method with deep convolutional neural network. The results demonstrate the extent to which the generalization performance of the streetscape evaluation model changes depending on the presence or absence of depth images.
keywords	Omnidirectional image; depth image; Unity; Google street view; pix2pix; RankNet
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	ijac202220303
id	ijac202220303
authors	Kirdar, Gulce; Gulen Cagdas
year	2022
title	A decision support model to evaluate liveability in the context of urban vibrancy
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing 2022, Vol. 20 - no. 3, pp. 528–552
summary	Liveability can be accepted as an umbrella term covering all the factors that make a place to live. We recognize the versatility of urban liveability and focus on the vibrancy aspect. Regarding the literature, we compile variables affecting urban liveability under the economic, image, and use value of place. This article aims to present a data-driven decision support system to evaluate different dimensions of vibrancy-focused liveability. We adopt a knowledge discovery process to handle the complexity of the liveability concept. This study develops a conditional-based relationship network of vibrancy parameters through the Bayesian Belief Network (BBN). Then, we assess the BBN’s correlations with statistics and causal relations with the survey in this study.These results mostly agree with the findings of the relevant literature. The economic value results show that the high density, diversity and accessibility add a premium to the land value of properties. The use value results also demonstrate that the diversity and density of activities, cultural attributes, and high accessibility support place attractiveness. The selected streetscape variables improve image value, except for building enclosure and condition. The study has the potential for urban planners to vitalize neighborhoods by considering urban activities and urban physical attributes
keywords	liveability, vibrancy, knowledge discovery process, big data, locative data, Bayesian belief network
series	journal
last changed	2024/04/17 14:29

_id	ecaade2018_151
id	ecaade2018_151
authors	Kirschner, Ursula and Sperling, David
year	2018
title	Mapping Urban Information as an Interdisciplinary Method for Geography, Art and Architecture Representations
source	Kepczynska-Walczak, A, Bialkowski, S (eds.), Computing for a better tomorrow - Proceedings of the 36th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland, 19-21 September 2018, pp. 215-224
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2018.2.215
summary	In the current context, access to daily realities is becoming increasingly mediated and processed by maps, flooding us with spatial data that appears to be objective but needs to be questioned, or even disputed. On the other hand, there are some relevant aspects of the urban experience that elude the main maps provided by apps or big data visualizing projects. So this article points out alternative ways of mapping urban information in this context, by means of presenting and discussing the methodology and results of a mapping workshop carried out at a German university in 2017 with interdisciplinary groups of students. The aim was to provide new insights and readings of the contemporary city. We explored and invented the urban with a mix of creative research methods.
keywords	urban mapping information; critical cartography; urban spirit; cooperative urban exploration
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	sigradi2017_095
id	sigradi2017_095
authors	Kirschner, Ursula
year	2017
title	A Hermeneutic Interpretation of Concepts in a Cooperative Multicultural Working Project [A Hermeneutic Interpretation of Concepts in a Cooperative Multicultural Working Project]
source	SIGraDi 2017 [Proceedings of the 21th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-956-227-439-5] Chile, Concepción 22 - 24 November 2017, pp.659-665
summary	What are frontier zones in contemporary urban cities? This research project was developed in cooperation with an interdisciplinary group of researchers and students from Brazil and Germany and launched with an International Summer School in São Paulo in 2015. Its aim was to explore and invent urban spaces using the method of documentary film making as a medium to provide new insights and readings of the contemporary city. In Germany we analyzed these film productions by examining the main topics of the frontier zones in São Paulo. The method of documentary film making was once again chosen for the hermeneutic interpretation.
keywords	Perception of space; documentary film making; hermeneutic analysis
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2021/03/28 19:58

_id	ecaade2007_070
id	ecaade2007_070
authors	Kirschner, Ursula; Ohler, Armin
year	2007
title	Digitized Planning Processes in the Revitalization of Buildings by an Interdisciplinary Project Study
source	Predicting the Future [25th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-6-5] Frankfurt am Main (Germany) 26-29 September 2007, pp. 717-723
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2007.717
summary	In the curricula for students of civil engineering and architecture software training courses have been integrated for long, but didactical training concepts with an application in practice including both the constructional and planning aspects are missing. This conference contribution shows the result of a research work carried out to empirically develop a manual for a constructional, digitally supported project work. It comprised the interdisciplinary teaching with a special focus on two examples of buildings in situ. Different types of presentation, picture software and CAD were used from the very beginning of the planning process in order to create a new form of didactics in teaching and learning. The basic local parameters and approaches are documented and analyzed. As a result of the empirical research work presented herein a manual was developed which is useful as a guideline for the digital interdisciplinary project development in the revitalization of buildings. It reflects the experiences gained in this empirical research work and formulates the steps to take to carry out the project. The paper is presented with a 3-D-video projection on the basis of stereoscope pictures.
keywords	Digitized planning, revitalization, interdisciplinary project, practical project, manual
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	sigradi2018_1668
id	sigradi2018_1668
authors	Klein Taparello, Gladys Ilka; Turazzi Luciano, Patrícia; Verzola Vaz, Carlos Eduardo
year	2018
title	Use of Hygroscopic Responsive Wood Prototype for Teaching Performative Architecture
source	SIGraDi 2018 [Proceedings of the 22nd Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISSN: 2318-6968] Brazil, São Carlos 7 - 9 November 2018, pp. 1084-1090
summary	This research presents a method for teaching performative architecture notions to undergraduate students through a practical approach with low cost hygroscopic responsive bilayer prototypes made of wood veneer and aluminum foil. The research occurred in two phases, the first focusing on studying and testing the properties of responsive materials based on wood, and the second, the development and application of two workshops about performative architecture and responsive materials with undergraduate students of an architecture course. This paper shows the results of the workshops, which achieved their goals of stimulating the students and passing knowledge about innovative technologies in architecture.
keywords	Performative architecture; Smart material; Teaching; Wood hygroexpansion
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2021/03/28 19:58

_id	ecaade2015_21
id	ecaade2015_21
authors	Klemmt, Christoph and Bollinger, Klaus
year	2015
title	Cell-Based Venation Systems
source	Martens, B, Wurzer, G, Grasl T, Lorenz, WE and Schaffranek, R (eds.), Real Time - Proceedings of the 33rd eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, 16-18 September 2015, pp. 573-580
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2015.2.573
wos	WOS:000372316000064
summary	Venation structures in leaves fulfil both circulatory as well as structural functions within the organism they belong to. A possible digital simulation algorithm for the growth of venation patterns based on the leaf surface has been described by the Department of Computer Science at the University of Calgary.Cell-based growth algorithms to generate surface meshes have been developed by biological and medical scientists as well as artists, in order to gain an understanding of developmental biology or to generate artistic form. This paper suggests the combination of the two algorithms in order to generate the morphologies of leaves and other structures while at the same time generating the corresponding venation system.The resulting algorithm develops large non-manifold mesh structures based on local rules of division of the individual cells. The venation system develops in parallel based on the flow of the plant hormone auxin from those cells towards the start point or petiole of the leaf. Different local behaviours of the cells towards their adjacent neighbours, towards their rules of division and towards the rules of developing veins have been investigated. The eventual aim of the algorithms is their application as tools to develop architectural and structural morphologies.
series	eCAADe
email
more	https://mh-engage.ltcc.tuwien.ac.at/engage/ui/watch.html?id=29c4389a-6e8f-11e5-8666-279b88fbd56c
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	ijac201715102
id	ijac201715102
authors	Klemmt, Christoph and Klaus Bollinger
year	2017
title	Angiogenesis as a model for the generation of load-bearing networks
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 15 - no. 1, 18-36
summary	This research suggests an algorithm to generate structural networks based on discreet elements for given locations of support points and point loads. Previous research attempted to achieve this by using a computational growth simulation of venation systems, which form the structure of leaves. However, such networks always start from a single point and therefore cannot be used to form arches or beams. In order to generate networks that are based on two or three support points, an algorithm has been developed that is inspired instead by angiogenesis, the process by which vascular systems develop. The algorithm is based on a spring system with a variable network graph that connects the support points and is pulled upwards and split sideways into multiple veins by a given set of load points. The algorithm has been used to grow architectural structures. Different networks have been tested using finite element analysis and compared with both venation and column-and-beam structures. The angiogenesis networks as well as the venation network are shown to perform well and may be suitable as architectural structural systems.
keywords	Architecture, angiogenesis, structure, network, growth
series	other
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2019/08/02 08:25

_id	caadria2017_037
id	caadria2017_037
authors	Klemmt, Christoph and Sodhi, Rajat
year	2017
title	Double-Curved Form Approximation with Identical Discrete Panel Geometries
source	P. Janssen, P. Loh, A. Raonic, M. A. Schnabel (eds.), Protocols, Flows, and Glitches - Proceedings of the 22nd CAADRIA Conference, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China, 5-8 April 2017, pp. 457-466
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2017.457
summary	To reduce the costs of manufacturing multiple moulds for double-curved facade construction, this research suggests a method of approximating the desired envelope with identically formed panel geometries. The panels can then be fabricated by only using two double-curved moulds. In a second step, individual segments are cut out of the identical base geometries. The method has been successfully tested with the construction of a prototype. The result is an intricately textured free-form geometry. The installation was built at a reasonable cost compared to other ways of fabricating double-curved geometry. The strength of the panels was utilised as the sole structural system of the prototype.
keywords	architecture; façade; double-curvature; discrete components; panelisation
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	9057
authors	Knight, M., Bandyopadhyay, S., Berridge, P. and Brown, A.
year	2001
title	Digital Hindcasting - Critical Analysis through Virtual Reconstruction
source	Architectural Information Management [19th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-8-1] Helsinki (Finland) 29-31 August 2001, pp. 529-533
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2001.529
summary	Manah is an abandoned oasis settlement in Oman. During what is termed the “Golden period” in the region’s cultural development the settlement became on of the most important cultural centres of the interior. For a long period Manah stood as the seat of learning in sciences and arts. A current project is underway to establish, as far as possible, how the settlement evolved; how tribal, cultural, religious and social factors impinged on Manah as it grew over the years. The work described here is directed as applying computational methods to augment the analysis and critical review of that evolution. We are aiming to explain the evolutionary process using computer mediated techniques, working backwards from the current state, to the inception of the settlement; hence the term Digital Hindcasting.
keywords	Reconstruction, Critical Analysis, Settlements
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	d5b3
authors	Knight, Michael and Brown, Andre
year	1999
title	Working in Virtual Environments through appropriate Physical Interfaces
source	Architectural Computing from Turing to 2000 [eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-5-7] Liverpool (UK) 15-17 September 1999, pp. 431-436
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1999.431
summary	The work described here is aimed at contributing towards the debate and development relating to the construction of interfaces to explore buildings and their environs through virtual worlds. We describe a particular hardware and software configuration which is derived by the use of low cost games software to create the Virtual Environment. The Physical Interface responds to the work of other researchers, in this area, in particular Shaw (1994) and Vasquez de Velasco & Trigo (1997). Virtual Evironments might have the potential to be "a magical window into other worlds, from molecules to minds" (Rheingold, 1992), but what is the nature of that window? Currently it is often a translucent opening which gives a hazy and distorted (disembodied) view. And many versions of such openings are relatively expensive. We consider ways towards clearing the haze without too much expense, adapting techniques proposed by developers of low cost virtual reality systems (Hollands, 1995) for use in an architectural setting.
keywords	Virtual Environments, Games Software
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	ecaade2007_204
id	ecaade2007_204
authors	Knight, Michael; Saeed, Ghousia; Chen, Yu-Horng; Brown, André
year	2007
title	Remote Location in an Urban Digital Model
source	Predicting the Future [25th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-6-5] Frankfurt am Main (Germany) 26-29 September 2007, pp. 581-587
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2007.581
summary	The work reported in this paper builds on previous work and deals with two particular aspects that contribute to effective interactive city modelling delivered to small mobile devices ‘on the fly’. Firstly, one strand involved in this study is probing into the perception and understanding of users while using different 3D city model representations on small screen devices. The second strand reported on is concerned with establishing the location of the remote users in an Urban environment.
keywords	City modeling, wireless, mobile
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	96d0
authors	Knight, Mike W. and Brown, André
year	2000
title	Towards Naturalistic Navigation Metaphors for large scale Virtual Environments
source	SIGraDi’2000 - Construindo (n)o espacio digital (constructing the digital Space) [4th SIGRADI Conference Proceedings / ISBN 85-88027-02-X] Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) 25-28 september 2000, pp. 247-250
summary	This paper looks at the background to the development of alternative interfaces to Virtual Environments and suggests a reappraisal of some of the early work which allowed a sense of presence in the ‚real’ world. Initial work, the virtual exercise bike, is appraised, and new work is described which further develops the development of a low-cost interface system. Work in progress is described which is a combination of hard- and software. The solution described is a ‚hands free’ interface enabling the user to experience a VE in a similar manner to a physical environment, using movements of the head and feet for navigation. Whilst this is possible using expensive, proprietary equipment, the presented solution concentrates on a low cost approach. In line with this, the system uses a low cost gaming environment which is described and evaluated.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:54

_id	ecaade2008_193
id	ecaade2008_193
authors	Knight, Mike; Chen, Yu-Horng; Winchester, Martin; Brown, Andre
year	2008
title	Perception, Placement and Wayfinding Applied to Mobile Architectural Guides
source	Architecture in Computro [26th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-7-2] Antwerpen (Belgium) 17-20 September 2008, pp. 215-220
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2008.215
summary	This paper describes continuing developments of mobile architectural guides. In using the term mobile we refer to a range of hand-held wireless enabled devices. These device present particular problems in terms of user interaction with a set of graphic and textual information that is intended to deliver information on routefinding and the important architectural features that the user will come across en route. This paper describes some of the issues that arise and user testing to determine improvements to the system being used.
keywords	Mobile: Guides: Interface
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	ac18
authors	Knight, Terry W.
year	1986
title	Transformations of Languages of Designs
source	University of California, Graduate School of Architecture and Urban PIanning, Los Angeles
summary	Stylistic change and innovation is a central and traditional issue in art and architecture. In this study, a formal model is developed for representing stylistic change. Styles are defined in terms of rule-based systems called shape grammars that generate languages of designs. Changes in styles are represented as transformations of the shape grammars that define these styles. The model is first sketched informally and considered in relation to other, traditional approaches to style and change. It is then presented in detail and illustrated with numerous simple examples. Last, the model is applied to describe actual, historical examples of stylistic transformations: one in the decorative arts, one in the fine arts, and one in architecture.
series	thesis:PhD
email
last changed	2003/02/12 22:37

_id	ef80
authors	Knuth, Donald E.
year	1973
title	Fundamental Algorithms
source	The Art of Computer Programming. 2nd. ed. 634 p. : some ill. Addison- Wesley Series in Computer Science and Information Processing Reading, Mass.: Addison Wesley Pub. Co., 1973. vol.1: includes index.
summary	-- This vol. is part of 7 vol. set. CADLINE has vol.1 and 3. Introduces basic concept in algorithms and information structure with exercises. Requires some knowledge in programming, techniques and computer jargon
keywords	algorithms, education, data structures
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 10:24

_id	2954
authors	Knuth, Donald E.
year	1973
title	Sorting and Searching
source	The Art of Computer Programming. 722 p. : tables, diagrams Computer Science and Information Processing . Reading, Mass.: Addison- Wesley Pub. Co., 1973. vol.3: part of 7 vol. set. CADLINE has vol. 1 and 3
summary	Chapter 5 is concerned with sorting into order, internal sorting and external sorting. Chapter 6 deals with the problem of searching for specified items in tables or files. It is subdivided into methods which search sequentially, or by comparison of keys, or by digital properties, or by 'hashing.' It then discusses the more difficult problem of secondary key retrieval
keywords	sorting, search, algorithms, education
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	sigradi2009_791
id	sigradi2009_791
authors	Koatz, Gilson Dimenstein; Jorge L.N.S. Brito; Herbert Erwes
year	2009
title	A PROCISSÃO" - Documentação Tridimensional de Arte Rupestre na Chapada Diamantina, Bahia ["THE PROCESSION" - Three-dimensional documentation of Rock Art in the Chapada Diamantina, Bahia]
source	SIGraDi 2009 - Proceedings of the 13th Congress of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics, Sao Paulo, Brazil, November 16-18, 2009
summary	Documentation of rock art is generally made by drawing with a marker over a plastic film overlaid to the wall of the canyon or cave where it is found. Taking out the drawing printed in the film from the wall implies in loosing important data about its contour because the image became rectified; information about the relief of the documented figure are lost as well. We have used close range photogrammetry methodology to overcome this problem and, on the other hand, to preserve information about the relief of the picture itself, taking into account the fragility of the rock support.
keywords	Close-range photogrammetry; rock art; Brazilian cultural heritage
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:54

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