Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

PDF papers
References

Hits 1 to 20 of 16655

Reformat results as: short short into frame detailed detailed into frame

_id	ed3c
authors	Kuenstle, Michael W.
year	2002
title	Escarpment Study in a Virtual Flow Environment: A Comparative Analysis of a Single Building Type Modeled in Varying Topological Situations
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2002.239
source	Thresholds - Design, Research, Education and Practice, in the Space Between the Physical and the Virtual [Proceedings of the 2002 Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design In Architecture / ISBN 1-880250-11-X] Pomona (California) 24-27 October 2002, pp. 239-247
summary	This paper documents the progress of research to investigate the integration of 3-dimensionalcomputational modeling techniques into wind mitigation analysis and design for building structureslocated in high wind prone areas. Some of the basic mechanics and theoretical concepts of fluid flowand wind pressure as well as their translation into design criteria for structural analysis and design arereviewed, followed by a discussion of a detailed Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) application casestudy for a simulated "3-second gust" hurricane force wind flow over a low rectangular building locatedin a coastal region of south Florida. The case study project models the wind flow behavior and pressuredistribution over the building structure when situated in three varying conditions within a single terrainexposure category. The simulations include three-dimensional modeling of the building type constructed(1) on-grade in a flat coastal area, (2) above grade with the building elevated on structural columns, and(3) on-grade downwind of an escarpment. The techniques and parameters for development of thesimulations are discussed and some preliminary interpretations of the results are evaluated bycomparing their predictions to existing experimental and analytical data, with special attention paid tothe numerical methods outlined in the American Society of Civil Engineers, Minimum Design Loads forBuildings and Other Structures, ASCE 7-98.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	3071
authors	Kuenstle, Michael W.
year	2002
title	Escarpment Study in a Virtual Flow Environment A Comparative Analysis of a Single Building Type Modeled in Varying Topological Situations [Escarpment Study in a Virtual Flow Environment. A Comparative Analysis of a Single Building Type Modeled in Varying Topological Situations]
source	SIGraDi 2002 - [Proceedings of the 6th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Caracas (Venezuela) 27-29 november 2002, pp. 167-171
summary	This paper documents the progress of research to investigate the integration of 3-dimensional computational modeling techniques into wind mitigation analysis and design for building structures located in high wind prone areas. Some of the basic mechanics and theoretical concepts of fluid flow and wind pressure as well as their translation into design criteria for structural analysis and design are reviewed, followed by a discussion of a detailed Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) application case study for asimulated “3-second gust” hurricane force wind flow over a low rectangular building located in a coastal region of south Florida. The case study project models the wind flow behavior and pressure distribution over the building structure when situated in three varying conditions within a single terrain exposure category. The simulations include three-dimensional modeling of the building type constructed (1) on-grade in a flat coastal area, (2) above grade with the building elevated on structural columns, and (3) ongradedownwind of an escarpment. The techniques and parameters for development of the simulations are discussed and some preliminary interpretations of the results are evaluated by comparing their predictions to existing experimental and analytical data, with special attention paid to the numerical methods outlined in the American Society of Civil Engineers, Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures, ASCE 7-98.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:54

_id	7acb
authors	Kuenstle, Michael W.
year	2002
title	Auto-Generative Urban Interventions: A Study of the Relationship between Building Form Generation and Urban Context Mapping
source	SIGraDi 2002 - [Proceedings of the 6th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Caracas (Venezuela) 27-29 november 2002, pp. 297-298
summary	This project documents the progress of research developed to explore the unique relationship between building form and urban context with the application of a novel auto-generative modeling process incorporated into a speculative design methodology. The techniques and parameters for the project are reviewed relative to key concepts of D’Arcy Thompson’s dynamic “theory of transformation” and the development of the auto-generative modeling process. This is followed by a detailed discussion of the set of exchanges between the urban context (field of influence) and the formation of the building intervention that were subsequently mappedthrough a series of diagramming studies. Specific issues explored in the project focus on Thompson’s descriptive analysis of form as a “diagram of forces” and his use of flexible, deformable topological Cartesian nets (Method of Coordinates) to subject the stasis of geometric types to dynamic transformation. Some preliminary interpretations of the project results are evaluated through studies of the generative schemes deployed in different urban situations. The initial results of the study are demonstrated with a resultant schematic building design for a modest scaled intervention in the city of Miami.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:54

_id	79b4
authors	Kuenstle, Michael W.
year	2002
title	Flow Structure Environment Simulation - A Comparative Analysis of Wind Flow Phenomena and Building Structure Interaction
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2002.564
source	Connecting the Real and the Virtual - design e-ducation [20th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-0-8] Warsaw (Poland) 18-20 September 2002, pp. 564-568
summary	This paper documents the progress of research to investigate the integration of computational modeling techniques into wind mitigation analysis and design for building structures located in high wind prone areas. Some of the basic mechanics and theoretical concepts of fluid flow and wind pressure as well as their translation into design criteria for structural analysis and design are reviewed, followed by a discussion of a detailed Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) application case study for a simulated “3-second gust” wind flow over a low rectangular building located in a coastal region. The case study project models the wind flow behavior and pressure distribution over the building structure when situated in three varying conditions within a single terrain exposure category. The simulations include three-dimensional modeling of the building type constructed (1) on-grade in a flat coastal area, (2) above grade with the building elevated on structural columns, and (3) on-grade downwind of an escarpment. The techniques and parameters for development of the simulations are discussed and some preliminary interpretations of the results are evaluated by comparing their predictions to existing experimental and analytical data.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	408caadria2004
id	408caadria2004
authors	Kuhn Park, Ramesh Krishnamurti
year	2004
title	Flexible Design Representation for Construction
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2004.671
source	CAADRIA 2004 [Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 89-7141-648-3] Seoul Korea 28-30 April 2004, pp. 671-680
summary	A high percentage of overall defects in the built environment occurs during the construction period. Some of these relate to design and the others relate to construction. The detection and reasoning of defects requires involvement of multiple expertise. Researchers in the School of Architecture, the Robotics Institute, and the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Carnegie Mellon University are investing ways to integrate suites of emerging evaluation technologies to help find, record, manage, and limit the impact of construction defects. As part of this effort, the researchers have conducted case studies on construction sites near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Each case study serves as a test-bed to measure the feasibility of our approach and to discover problems. In this paper, we discuss the overall project work flow in which we emphasize the importance of a flexible representation for construction, and describe our solution using a concept of representational flexibility named sorts.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	ecaade2016_157
id	ecaade2016_157
authors	Kulcke, Matthias and Lorenz, Wolfgang E.
year	2016
title	Utilizing Gradient Analysis within Interactive Genetic Algorithms
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2016.2.359
source	Herneoja, Aulikki; Toni Österlund and Piia Markkanen (eds.), Complexity & Simplicity - Proceedings of the 34th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, 22-26 August 2016, pp. 359-364
summary	The paper describes and discusses the possible integration of gradient analysis, as a method and tool for architects and designers to analyze the degree of proportion-complexity of a design, into the process of designing an object utilizing interactive genetic algorithms (IGA). A VBA implementation for AutoCAD has been developed by the authors, enabling to test the usability of genetic algorithms (GA) for minimizing the angle-redundancy and length-redundancy quotient. The gradient analysis itself has been developed on the basic assumption that the complexity of an objects appearance is reduced by redundancy, which can be measured focussing on different levels of comparison; among others e. g. variety of material, colour-combinations and proportion. The latter comes under scrutiny if the method of gradient analysis is applied.
wos	WOS:000402064400035
keywords	Gradient Analysis; Interactive Genetic Algorithm; Design Complexity; Redundancy; Spatial Analysis; Form and Geometry; Proportion
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	ecaade2022_109
id	ecaade2022_109
authors	Kulcke, Matthias and Lorenz, Wolfgang E.
year	2022
title	Multilayered Complexity Evaluation within Configurators for Design - Responsible collaborative systems for architectural and product design
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2022.2.009
source	Pak, B, Wurzer, G and Stouffs, R (eds.), Co-creating the Future: Inclusion in and through Design - Proceedings of the 40th Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2022) - Volume 2, Ghent, 13-16 September 2022, pp. 9–18
summary	This paper describes the concept of integrating several complexity evaluation methods, previously developed and tested by the authors, into one product configurator through a technical prototype. In this case variations of an online configurator for design products based on a choice of these digital complexity evaluation methods developed between 2015 and 2020 are presented. This research shows that an integration of complexity evaluation for several Gestalt qualities in one product configurator is feasible, though the amount of aspects of each of these qualities and the necessary effort to be invested to achieve an integration that is suitable for customer use may vary. The concept is illustrated using a simple test case, i.e. an online shelf configurator.
keywords	Configuration, Mass Customization, Complexity, Gestalt
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/04/22 07:10

_id	ecaade2015_251
id	ecaade2015_251
authors	Kulcke, Matthias and Lorenz, Wolfgang
year	2015
title	Gradient-Analysis - Method and Software to Compare Different Degrees of Complexity in the Design of Architecture and Designobjects
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2015.1.415
source	Martens, B, Wurzer, G, Grasl T, Lorenz, WE and Schaffranek, R (eds.), Real Time - Proceedings of the 33rd eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, 16-18 September 2015, pp. 415-424
summary	The aim of the research presented in this paper is to provide an additional method and tool for architects and designers as well as students and scholars to analyze the degree of complexity of a design. Fractal analysis (box counting) e.g. is one of these methods already used in architecture to measure the degree of complexity of an architectural design, for example of the elevation of a building. The method of semi-automated gradient-analysis described here focuses on the repetition of gradients and thus of proportion-repetition in a given design as one of several aspects of complexity reduction by redundancy.
wos	WOS:000372317300045
series	eCAADe
email
more	https://mh-engage.ltcc.tuwien.ac.at/engage/ui/watch.html?id=f3391ddc-7022-11e5-88f8-0f5a9bc4d26e
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	ecaade2018_105
id	ecaade2018_105
authors	Kulcke, Matthias
year	2018
title	Design-Bot - Using Half-Automated Qualitative Interviews as Part of Self Communication within the Design Process
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2018.1.103
source	Kepczynska-Walczak, A, Bialkowski, S (eds.), Computing for a better tomorrow - Proceedings of the 36th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland, 19-21 September 2018, pp. 103-108
summary	In this paper the possible use of chatbots within the design context as design-bots is explored. The prototype of a design-bot called "Nuncia" is presented and used as a basis to discuss special qualities and suitable characteristics for design-bots. Its development is based on the ongoing integration of creative writing into design courses as well as a preliminary qualitative study on customer communication, conducted with entrepreneurs in the field of handcrafted design products.
keywords	chatbot; design-bot; responsive design strategies; creative writing
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	ecaade2020_059
id	ecaade2020_059
authors	Kulcke, Matthias
year	2020
title	The Sound of Spatial Relation - Music as sequential representation of multidimensional adjacencies
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2020.1.717
source	Werner, L and Koering, D (eds.), Anthropologic: Architecture and Fabrication in the cognitive age - Proceedings of the 38th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 16-18 September 2020, pp. 717-722
summary	This article scrutinizes the possible use of musical notations as graphic and sound as acoustic representations of multidimensional adjacencies. The commonly used representation of adjacencies as a graph or a bubble diagramm may only supply limited clarity in certain cases, especially if several layers of parameters are involved. This research shows the possible use of adjacency matrices, to produce variations of musical notation, and by this musical sound events relating to spatial configurations. This musical representation of spatial design is introduced into the design process as an additional feedback mechanism between human and material via machine.
keywords	Adjacency; Music; Space
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	ecaaderis2023_38
id	ecaaderis2023_38
authors	Kulcke, Matthias
year	2023
title	Customer Configuration Systems as a Design Task: Architectural education and context-driven product configurator design
source	De Luca, F, Lykouras, I and Wurzer, G (eds.), Proceedings of the 9th eCAADe Regional International Symposium, TalTech, 15 - 16 June 2023, pp. 99–104
summary	This research deals with customer configuration systems for architecture and design products as a design task for students. The design of a product configurator accompanying the parametric design of a piece of furniture or an architectural element has been introduced in several courses over the last ten years at the HafenCity University Hamburg and at Hamburg University of Technology by the author. These studios are presented as case studies to discuss the didactic potential that lies in designing customer oriented product configuration systems with students of design and architecture.
keywords	Mass Customization, Configuration, Collaboration, Design Tasks
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/02/05 14:28

_id	ecaade2024_25
id	ecaade2024_25
authors	Kulcke, Matthias; Lorenz, Wolfgang E.
year	2024
title	Urban Street Space Analysis with Spherical Box-Counting: Holistic digital Gestalt analysis of architecture in urban space
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2024.2.567
source	Kontovourkis, O, Phocas, MC and Wurzer, G (eds.), Data-Driven Intelligence - Proceedings of the 42nd Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2024), Nicosia, 11-13 September 2024, Volume 2, pp. 567–576
summary	Spherical box-counting of urban street spaces is a novel method developed and refined by the authors to produce highly specific topological fractal fingerprinting of architecture in relation to observer position and in the context of the accompanying surroundings. The use of 360-degree spherical panoramas as input data and basis for fractal measurement lies at the center of this method. A holistic approach toward architectural and urban design, balancing between simplicity and complexity of all Gestalt qualities, needs to take the influence of every (especially man-made) object in view into consideration. This research shows that Gestalt complexity is linked to the observer’s viewpoint as well as the Gestalt complexity of all objects visible from the viewer’s position. This is another decisive step toward holistic fractal and overall digital Gestalt analysis of urban spaces.
keywords	Gestalt Analysis, Fractal Analysis, Box-Counting, Spherical Box-Counting
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	88d7
authors	Kulcke, Richard
year	1995
title	CAAD in the Architectural Education of the Fachhochschulen in Germany
source	CAD Space [Proceedings of the III International Conference Computer in Architectural Design] Bialystock 27-29 April 1995, pp. 7-13
summary	Like the most teachers of Computer Aided Architectural Design at the Fachhochschulen I am an architect not a computer specialist. I studied architecture in the sixties at the universities of Stuttgart and Berlin, In 1973 I became a lecturer at the Fachhochschule Nordostniedersachsen. My subjects are building economics, urban planning and computer aided architectural design (CAAD). My report wants to show what is going on at the Fachhochschulen. This report is based on the paper presented at the eCAADe conference 1989 in Aarhus, Denmark
series	plCAD
last changed	2000/01/24 10:08

_id	a920
authors	Kulcke, Richard
year	1989
title	CAAD in the Architectural Education of the Fachhochschulen in the Federal Republic of Germany
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1989.x.w7a
source	CAAD: Education - Research and Practice [eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 87-982875-2-4] Aarhus (Denmark) 21-23 September 1989, pp. 4.3.1
summary	For over 10 years the author has been a teacher in the field of "computer application in architecture" at the Fachhochschule. Since 1985 he regularly has been taking part in the conferences of A.I.I.D.A. (Arbeitskreis INFORMATIK IN DER ARCHlTEKTENAUSBILDUNG). All the faculties of architecture at the Fachhochschulen (about 10) can send their representatives of CAAD to the conferences. A.I.I.D.A. has been having 2 conferences a year since 1985. At the last conference in Wiesbaden a paper with statements of A.I.I.D.A. for the further education in CAAD was finished. The author presents and explains this paper. On the other hand he shows the actual education program of CAAD of his faculty. The education in CAAD started in 1972 with basic information without practical elements. Now the practical work with the workstation is talking most of the time . The computer application is available for subjects like Building Economics, Building and Structure Design and others. With his assistant the author developed programs of the field of Building Economics. In 1986 he started introduce CAD with AutoCAD in the education program. Now also other colleagues start to integrate CAAD into their subjects.
series	eCAADe
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	0752
authors	Kulinski, Jaroslaw
year	1995
title	An Inspiring Method of Teaching CAAD Programs
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1995.267
source	Multimedia and Architectural Disciplines [Proceedings of the 13th European Conference on Education in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe / ISBN 0-9523687-1-4] Palermo (Italy) 16-18 November 1995, pp. 267-272
summary	This paper tries to describe the actual situation concerning computer use in architectural practice. It tries to trace the roots of the present situation as well as to find a possible alternative. The paper depicts the most common problems arising while getting started the concept work in computer environment. It tries to show how to find the links between human imagination and its expression by means of CAAD software. It outlines a proposal of teaching CAAD programs in the way which would stimulate the user´s creativity in the electronic environment.
series	eCAADe
more	http://dpce.ing.unipa.it/Webshare/Wwwroot/ecaade95/Pag_32.htm
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	c100
authors	Kulinski, Jaroslaw
year	1996
title	Coherency and Automation of the Design Process Applied in CAD Systems
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1996.243
source	Education for Practice [14th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-2-2] Lund (Sweden) 12-14 September 1996, pp. 243-252
summary	The article discusses a few postulates concerning the desirable structure of design data base with the aim of allowing the concurrent work in the design process. It depicts the problems of simultaneous access to the data base, and discusses the problems of redundancy of design information and their consequences in the structure of the design data base. Finally, a few examples of CAD systems are examined in order to find out how they deal with the problems of design partitioning and keeping it automatically coherent as well as some educational remarks are formulated.
series	eCAADe
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	lasg_nearlivingarchitecture_2014_063
id	lasg_nearlivingarchitecture_2014_063
authors	Kuliæ, Dana; Rob Gorbet and Ali-Akbar Samadani
year	2014
title	Using Affect to Increase Empathy in Near-Living Architecture
source	Near-Living Architecture; Work in Progress from The Hylozoic Ground Collaboration 2011 - 2013 [ISBN 978-1-926724-45-4 (pbk).--ISBN 978-1-926724-57-7 (epub).--ISBN 978-1-926724-58-4 (mobi)] Riverside Architectural Press: Toronto, Canada 2014 pp. 063 - 072
keywords	Living Architecture Systems Group, living architecture, meshworks, metabolisms, kinetic, cybernetic, artificial intelligence, cognition, neuroscience, prototyping, diffusive, subtle phenomena, form-languge, chemistry, natural computing, affect, perception
email
last changed	2019/07/29 14:00

_id	ddssup9613
id	ddssup9613
authors	Kulkarni, R.G., Stought, R.R. and Haynes, K.E.
year	1996
title	Traffic Flow Landscapes
source	Timmermans, Harry (Ed.), Third Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning - Part two: Urban Planning Proceedings (Spa, Belgium), August 18-21, 1996
summary	Major metropolitan areas and constituent independent jurisdictions face the problem of providing efficient transportation for their residents and in-and out commuters. A typical trip taker spends considerable time on the road to reach the workplace and other destinations. Though it may seem counter-intuitive, adding more links to existing road networks and/or increasing traffic capacity by adding lanes does not necessarily decrease travel times (eg. Braess' paradox). But it is certain that a dense redundant network of roads would provide a trip taker with alternate routes when traffic incidents occur. These types of questions raise the question of, how to evaluate the flow characteristics of the entire road network of a jurisdiction and its larger region in keeping the traffic moving? Further, how may the impact of adding more links/ lanes or the blocking of existing links! lanes be best measured? To answer these and related questions, we propose a methodology to evaluate a fitness criteria for road networks based on Kauffman's biological NK model (1993). We specify a transportation road traffic flow landscape analogous to the fitness landscape of the NK model. Using the transportation road traffic flow landscape we derive a road fitness index that can be used to evaluate either the entire road network's traffic flows or subparts of such network's traffic flows. We explore the possibility of investigating traffic flow landscapes to search for optimal routes to clear traffic. Finally we describe an approach for applying the theoretical framework developed in the paper to the traffic conditions on the road network of the city of Fairfax, Virginia.
keywords	Fitness Landscapes, NK Model, Genotype, Gene, Self-Organization, ITS Technology
series	DDSS
last changed	2003/08/07 16:36

_id	caadria2014_060
id	caadria2014_060
authors	Kuma, Taichi
year	2014
title	Shrink Film Architecture
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2014.181
source	Rethinking Comprehensive Design: Speculative Counterculture, Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2014) / Kyoto 14-16 May 2014, pp. 181–190
summary	This paper is about designing a process to create a lightweight building envelope using a shrinkfilm. The advantage of using this material for architecture is that we can simply construct the complex geometry without requiring an expensive formwork. In addition to this, this research illustrates the methodology to control the 3-dimensional form of the shrink-film by using simple 2-dimensional patterns. These patterns enable us to easily manipulate the form. In this paper, the simulation and the prototyping are conducted in both physical and computational methods.
keywords	Material Computation; responsive material; form-finding
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	acadia06_079
id	acadia06_079
authors	Kumar, Shilpi
year	2006
title	Architecture and Industrial Design A Convergent Process for Design
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2006.079
source	Synthetic Landscapes [Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Design in Architecture] pp. 79-94
summary	The use of technology has grown with the way design professions have evolved over time. Changing needs, desires of comfort, and perceptions of the consumers have led to a distinct improvement in the design of both product and architecture. The use of the digital media and emerging technologies has brought a dramatic change to the design process allowing us to view, feel, and mould a virtual object at every stage of design, development, and engineering. Change is often quick and easy since a virtual product does not inherently carry the biases of its physical counterpart. In order to communicate ideas across the team, digital processes are also used to bring together opinions, experiences, and perspectives. These methods encourage decision making based on information rather than prejudice or instinct. Thus, digital exchanges (technology) impact firm strategies at three levels: product, process, and administrative or support activities (Adler 1989).Digital tools for design exchange in Industrial Design (ID) began much earlier than many other professions. The profession of Architecture is also slowly moving to a similar model with digital exchange finding increasing prevalence in drawing, modeling, performance simulation, design collaboration, construction management, and building fabrication. The biggest problem is the disintegrated use of technology in the architectural profession without a strategy toward streamlining the design process from conception to fabrication. In this paper we investigate how the use of technology has evolved in the professions of Industrial Design and Architecture comparatively in their product, process, and support activities. Further, we will present a set of guidelines that will help architects in the convergence of design process, helping in a more efficient work flow with a strategic use of digital technology.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

For more results click below: