CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

PDF papers
References

Hits 1 to 20 of 17564

_id caadria2018_268
id caadria2018_268
authors Lim, Joie, Janssen, Patrick and Stouffs, Rudi
year 2018
title Automated Generation of BIM Models from 2D CAD Drawings
source T. Fukuda, W. Huang, P. Janssen, K. Crolla, S. Alhadidi (eds.), Learning, Adapting and Prototyping - Proceedings of the 23rd CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 17-19 May 2018, pp. 61-70
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2018.2.061
summary Existing buildings are often lacking BIM models. This paper proposes a method to semi-automate the generation of BIM models from 2D CAD drawings. The method has two parts: the first part, 2D CAD drawing preparation, involves cleaning the drawings to obtain simplified 2D input geometry and the second, 3D BIM model generation, involves generating and extracting parameters to generate 3D BIM components. This research focuses on the semi-automation of the second part. The the model is generated storey by storey, with each building element type being processed. A demonstration was carried out for a case-study building. The main modelling strategies used by the method are described and key challenges are discussed.
keywords BIM; CAD drawings; conversion; generation; Grasshopper
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:59

_id ijac20086403
id ijac20086403
authors Lim, Sungwoo; Prats, Miquel; Jowers, Iestyn; Chase, Scott; Garner, Steve; McKay, Alison
year 2008
title Shape Exploration in Design: Formalising and Supporting a Transformational Process
source International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 6 - no. 4, 415-433
summary The process of sketching can support the sort of transformational thinking that is seen as essential for the interpretation and reinterpretation of ideas in innovative design. Such transformational thinking, however, is not yet well supported by computer-aided design systems. In this paper, outcomes of experimental investigations into the mechanics of sketching are described, in particular those employed by practicing architects and industrial designers as they responded to a series of conceptual design tasks. Analyses of the experimental data suggest that the interactions of designers with their sketches can be formalised according to a finite number of generalised shape rules. A set of shape rules, formalising the reinterpretation and transformations of shapes, e.g. through deformation or restructuring, is presented. These rules are suggestive of the manipulations that need to be afforded in computational tools intended to support designers in design exploration. Accordingly, the results of the experimental investigations informed the development of a prototype shape synthesis system, and a discussion is presented in which the future requirements of such systems are explored.
series journal
last changed 2009/03/03 07:48

_id sigradi2017_062
id sigradi2017_062
authors Lima da Silva, Juliano; Andréa Quadrado Mussi, Lauro André Ribeiro, Thaísa Leal da Silva
year 2017
title Programação em plataforma BIM e a Norma de Desempenho Brasileira: Desenvolvimento de uma aplicação para estimativa de performance acústica em projetos arquitetônicos [BIM platform programming and Brazilian Performance Standard: Development of an application to estimate acoustic performance in architectural design]
source SIGraDi 2017 [Proceedings of the 21th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-956-227-439-5] Chile, Concepción 22 - 24 November 2017, pp.423-428
summary The Brazilian Performance Standard (NBR 15.575/2013 – Housing Buildings – Performance) is changing the design process of residential buildings, imposing new acoustic performance criteria. In this Context, the present paper proposes the programming of a Revit plug-in for verifying sound insulation of walls between environments, collecting information of the building’s model from a parameter database, calculating values of the elements’ sound reduction index and allowing to ponder constructive systems’ performance. The application aims to amplify productivity of designers and to provide greater control over technological solutions, assisting in the compliance with performance criteria.
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2021/03/28 19:58

_id sigradi2018_1444
id sigradi2018_1444
authors Lima da Silva, Juliano; Quadrado Mussi, Andréa; Leal da Silva, Thaísa; Zardo, Paola
year 2018
title Designers of the XXI century: BIM software programming and the development of new competencies
source SIGraDi 2018 [Proceedings of the 22nd Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISSN: 2318-6968] Brazil, São Carlos 7 - 9 November 2018, pp. 538-545
summary This paper presents the scenario of programming use by architects and engineers by creation of their own unique tools. It aims to emulate and understand BIM software customization phenomenon by development of plug-ins. Design Science Research was used to direct the construction of artifacts for specific practical problems. Results are presented by development of Revit plug-ins to meet Brazilian Performance Standard criteria in areas of acoustic and luminous performance. It is concluded that scripting enables the designer to tailor processes to their own particularities, possibly becoming a high-impact skill in the future, with importance regarding their independence and versatility.
keywords BIM; Programming; Design science research; Dynamo; Performance Standard
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2021/03/28 19:58

_id sigradi2021_260
id sigradi2021_260
authors Lima Ferreira, Claudio and Vaz Lima, Larissa
year 2021
title Architecture and Neuroscience: Green Areas Contributions to Hospitalized Patients’ Homeostasis
source Gomez, P and Braida, F (eds.), Designing Possibilities - Proceedings of the XXV International Conference of the Ibero-American Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2021), Online, 8 - 12 November 2021, pp. 927–939
summary Hospitalization is, for the patient, a neuropsychophysiological stressor, thus pertinent theories point to architectural stimuli as a tool for the homeostasis restoration and consequent well-being. Furthermore, they compile advantages to the patients’ treatment and highlight, mainly, the natural environments benefits, which is elucidated by the Biophilia theory. Through literature review and analysis of applied research in national and international hospitals, extracted from indexing databases of scientific production in the 2000-2020 timeframe, it was found that these areas [a] promote stimuli that enhance emotions and positive feelings; [b] act to restore stress and anxiety; [c] reduce pain, analgesic intake and length of stay; and [d] increase patient satisfaction. By sharing the results of this research, the objective is, in addition to stimulating future research on the organism behavior in the environments, to indicate perspectives for hospital ambiences.
keywords Neurociencias, Arquitetura Hospitalar, Áreas Verdes, Biophilia, Equilíbrio Homeostático.
series SIGraDi
email
last changed 2022/05/23 12:11

_id sigradi2021_61
id sigradi2021_61
authors Lima Saraiva Junior, Sergio and Ribeiro Carvalho, Diogo
year 2021
title Digital Creativity: Pedagogical Strategies for Design Teaching
source Gomez, P and Braida, F (eds.), Designing Possibilities - Proceedings of the XXV International Conference of the Ibero-American Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2021), Online, 8 - 12 November 2021, pp. 401–419
summary This paper presents a discussion about design pedagogy strategies focused on students’ processes rather than on their architectural objects. The hypothesis here is that critical and creative autonomy of students can be developed by the teaching of design thinking simultaneously with operative digital tools within design disciplines. An experiment was made in an introductory design discipline in a private Brazilian Architecture School and results show how students’ skills and knowledge about design grow faster when a digital creative culture is fostered within the design studio.
keywords Pedagogia de projeto a distância, Design thinking, Criatividade, Ferramentas digitais, Cultura criativa digital.
series SIGraDi
email
last changed 2022/05/23 12:10

_id sigradi2007_af80
id sigradi2007_af80
authors Lima, Denise; Juliana de Oliveira Taschetto; Felipe Etchegaray Heidrich
year 2007
title Digital graphical study of simulation of the visual results of the application of regulating norms for the visual communication of commercial building [Estudo gráfico digital de simulação dos resultados visuais da aplicação de normas reguladoras para a comunicação visual de prédios comerciais]
source SIGraDi 2007 - [Proceedings of the 11th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] México D.F. - México 23-25 October 2007, pp. 327-331
summary Beyond importance of the visual communication in a consumption society and of the necessity of perfect integration of this with the urban landscape, in the Brazil, cities searched to create regulation norms with the objective to organize some types of external visual communication. This study it shows the digital visualization with application of specific norms through the digital graphical resources. The previous visualization is important to test the viability and to foresee the result in the urban landscape. With norms' application, the visual communication of the marks will be more appreciated and the buildings will have their architecture respected.
keywords Digital graphical; Visual communication; Urban landscape; Regulating norms
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:54

_id ecaade2017_227
id ecaade2017_227
authors Lima, Elton C., Vieira, Aline, Mendes, Leticia T. and Griz, Cristiana
year 2017
title “Houses for everybody” Brazilian competition - An application of shape grammar and space syntax for analyzing low-income housing
source Fioravanti, A, Cursi, S, Elahmar, S, Gargaro, S, Loffreda, G, Novembri, G, Trento, A (eds.), ShoCK! - Sharing Computational Knowledge! - Proceedings of the 35th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy, 20-22 September 2017, pp. 463-470
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2017.2.463
summary This article focuses on the use of both shape grammar and space syntax as tools to identify and encode the principles and rules behind the design of low-income housing in Brazilian context. The idea is to use such rules as part of a methodology for analyzing quality space in social housing plans and aims to understand to which attributes of contemporary society redefine certain patterns of familial social conduct, particularly their ways of living and how these attributes impact housing spatial patterns.king this paragraph.
keywords shape grammar; space syntax; design methodology
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:59

_id sigradi2020_886
id sigradi2020_886
authors Lima, Elton Cristovao da Silva; Matsunaga, Cristina; Mendes, Leticia Teixeira
year 2020
title Sartorius Pavilion – Biomimicry as a design methodology for a parametric pavilion for the Serpentine Gallery/England
source SIGraDi 2020 [Proceedings of the 24th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISSN: 2318-6968] Online Conference 18 - 20 November 2020, pp. 886-893
summary In order to design an ephemeral pavilion located at the Serpentine Gallery (England), an experimental design approach was developed in this paper by using biomimicry strategies associated with parametric modeling. Exploring the solution-based methodology, the analysis of the sartorius muscle anatomic features such as rotation, flexion and long shape allowed inspiring the proposal of a Sartorius Pavilion which is the object of study. The experiment was implemented throughout a parametric visual script tool resulting in a model capable of rapidly and intuitively simulating shape variations, basic structural and material attributes by modifying a set of previously defined parameters.
keywords Biomimicry, Bio-inspired Architecture, Sartorius Muscle, Parametric Pavilion, Serpentine Gallery
series SIGraDi
email
last changed 2021/07/16 11:53

_id d2fb
authors Lima, F.C., Nunes Cosenza, C.A., Lima, P.R. and Rheingantz, P.A.
year 2001
title MAQUETE VIRTUAL APLICADA EM DIAGNÓSTICO DE ADEQUAÇÃO: EDIFÍCIO CORPORATIVO DO INPI / RJ - BRASIL (Virtual Model Applied to Adequacy Diagonosis: INPI Corporate Building (Rio de Janeiro - Brasil))
source SIGraDi biobio2001 - [Proceedings of the 5th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics / ISBN 956-7813-12-4] Concepcion (Chile) 21-23 november 2001, pp. 291-294
summary This paper presents a case study were computer aided graphic modelling was applied for environmental diagnostics of the INPI building at Rio de Janeiro. The research improved a walk-thought analysis in order to identify user conditions (ergonomics, layout, maintenance, security, etc.). Using CAD / PC, we developed a virtual model of the building and its workspaces, and both the results of diagnosis applied forms, updated plants and photos were organised in the virtual model, linked to a database containing tables with elements of the case study. This database is intended to support decisions in organisational planning, by query (SQL routines) on virtual model (CAD), providing graphically visualised answers and extracts of data search results.
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:55

_id sigradi2014_189
id sigradi2014_189
authors Lima, Fernando Rodrigues; Patricia Estevão dos Santos, Emanuel Filipe de Alarcão Melo de Moraes
year 2014
title Emprego de Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG) na Modelagem e Monitoramento de um Campus Universitário [Geographic Information Systems (GIS) applied to an University Campus modeling and monitoring]
source SiGraDi 2014 [Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-9974-99-655-7] Uruguay - Montevideo 12 - 14 November 2014, pp. 512-515
summary This paper presents a research on GIS to organize the available data from infrastructure and facilities in a University campus. It integrates and compiles a range of data under ontology that will permit the enhancement of geographic database regarding monitoring and control systems. The team worked with campus administration using desktop hardware and software to consolidate information about water, sewage, energy and other networks at backbone scale. The boundaries of buildings, parking, streets and land use were also included. The geographic features and tables assigned are intended to work under WebGIS, mobile device, participative platforms, BIM structures and 3D simulation.
keywords GIS; Digital graphic modeling; Urban engineering; University campus
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:55

_id sigradi2020_627
id sigradi2020_627
authors Lima, Fernando T.; Muthumanickam, Naveen K.; Miller, Marc L.; Duarte, José P.
year 2020
title World Studio: a pedagogical experience using shape grammars and parametric approaches to design in the context of informal settlements
source SIGraDi 2020 [Proceedings of the 24th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISSN: 2318-6968] Online Conference 18 - 20 November 2020, pp. 627-634
summary The World is experiencing a rapid surge in urban population, in addition to fast urbanization processes. Contemporary cities witness the rise of numerous urban and social problems, leading to the emergence of informal settlements. Still, computational and parametric resources have increasingly been adopted in novel approaches to urban planning and design. These resources can be used in informal settlements to improve urban quality without losing their essential features. This paper describes a teaching experience in the context of a design studio that uses shape grammars and parametric tools to design for an informal settlement context in Ahmedabad, India.
keywords Shape grammars, Parametrization, Informal settlements, Urban design, Teaching experience
series SIGraDi
email
last changed 2021/07/16 11:52

_id ijac201614204
id ijac201614204
authors Lima, Fernando T; Jose R Kos and Rodrigo C Paraizo
year 2016
title Algorithmic approach toward Transit-Oriented Development neighborhoods: (Para)metric tools for evaluating and proposing rapid transit-based districts
source International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 14 - no. 2, 131-146
summary This article focuses on the use of computational tools to provide dynamic assessment and optimized arrangements while planning and discussing interventions in urban areas. The objective is to address the use of algorithmic systems for generating and evaluating urban morphologies guided by Transit-Oriented Development principles. Transit- Oriented Development is an urban development model that considers geometric and measurable parameters for designing sustainable cities. It advocates compact mixed-use neighborhoods within walking distance to a variety of transportation options and amenities, seeking to result in optimized infrastructure provision and energy-efficient low- carbon districts. This article presents algorithmic experiments for the optimization of a rapid transit district, through its urban morphology and services’ location, providing an accurate Transit-Oriented Development modeling. The main findings of this study highlight that the combination of Transit-Oriented Development and algorithmic–parametric tools has the potential to significantly contribute to a process of responsible planning and, ultimately, to mitigate global warming.
keywords Transit Oriented Development, Optimization, Computational design, Urban planning
series journal
last changed 2016/06/13 08:34

_id sigradi2012_116
id sigradi2012_116
authors Lima, Fernando Tadeu de Araújo; Morais, Vinicius Rocha Rodrigues
year 2012
title As contribuições da prototipagem virtual aplicadas ao ato de projetar arquitetura: uma análise sobre a produção de Foster and partners [The contributions of virtual prototype applied to design act of architecture: an analysis on the production of foster and partners]
source SIGraDi 2012 [Proceedings of the 16th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Brasil - Fortaleza 13-16 November 2012, pp. 344-347
summary This article aims to present and analyze contributions that the digital tools of virtual prototyping can bring to the production of architecture. More specifically, this paper will address the use of simulation capabilities in the production process of architecture adopted by Foster and Partners. This article is a product of a master degree research that concludes that the inclusion of these technologies in design practice has a transformative role in the way we design and the outcome of the architectural object, resulting in changes in decision-making practices, leading the creative process towards the new perspectives that technological advances provide.
keywords Prototipagem Virtual; Projeto de Arquitetura; Gerenciamento de Projeto
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:55

_id sigradi2014_049
id sigradi2014_049
authors Lima, Fernando Tadeu; José Ripper Kós
year 2014
title Pensamento algorítmico, parametrização e urbanismo sustentável: uma avaliação de parâmetros para estratégias de projeto urbano inteligente [Algorithmic thinking, parameterization and sustainable urbanism: an assessment of parameters for intelligent urban design strategies]
source SiGraDi 2014 [Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-9974-99-655-7] Uruguay - Montevideo 12 - 14 November 2014, pp. 360-364
summary This article aims to promote the debate about the appliance of algorithmic thinking and parametric logic in the task of discussing, intervening and designing sustainable cities. More specifically, this paper will address the possibilities of developing generative systems in order to constitute digital models able to manage the various parameters that may be involved in functional, environmental and social proposition of cities. To that end, we assembled a theoretical referential about algorithmic and parametric framework, as well as new urbanism´s concepts and principles such as Transit Oriented Development, Walkability and mix of uses.
keywords Urban Design; Algorithmic thinking; Parameterization; Sustainability
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:55

_id caadria2021_055
id caadria2021_055
authors Lima, Fernando, Brown, Nathan and Duarte, José
year 2021
title Urban Design Optimization: Generative Approaches towards Urban Fabrics with Improved Transit Accessibility and Walkability - generative approaches towards urban fabrics with improved transit accessibility and walkability
source A. Globa, J. van Ameijde, A. Fingrut, N. Kim, T.T.S. Lo (eds.), PROJECTIONS - Proceedings of the 26th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Online, Hong Kong, 29 March - 1 April 2021, pp. 719-728
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2021.2.719
summary This paper investigates computational optimization techniques at the urban design scale, aiming to improve the performance of urban fabric layouts according to predefined evaluation metrics. To this end, this work addresses the use of optimization tools in urban design by comparing various optimization algorithms for generating urban fabrics with improved walkability and by analyzing the outcomes of different urban design rules. These rules formulate orthogonal and non-orthogonal grids from the perspective of transit accessibility (TA), thereby minimizing automobile usage and improving the walkability of neighborhoods. Transit accessibility is also evaluated alongside estimated infrastructure cost to verify the suitability of applying optimization in urban design. Our results suggest that the RBFOpt algorithm performs best for generating urban fabrics according to our quantitative design objectives; more flexible and complex grids in terms of shape and dimensions tend to deliver greater TA than rectangular and uniform-oriented grids; different block patterns can lead to solutions more directed at TA or to infrastructure cost, outlining a trade-off; and multicriteria optimization helped in identifying designs that balanced transit accessibility and infrastructure cost.
keywords Urban design ; Optimization; Transit accessibility; Walkability
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:59

_id ecaade2016_032
id ecaade2016_032
authors Lima, Fernando, Montenegro, Nuno, Beir?o, José Nuno and Kos, Jose
year 2016
title Computational Approach for the Assessment of Transit Oriented Development Principles - A multivariate optimization method for urban planning
source Herneoja, Aulikki; Toni Österlund and Piia Markkanen (eds.), Complexity & Simplicity - Proceedings of the 34th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, 22-26 August 2016, pp. 31-40
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2016.2.031
wos WOS:000402064400002
summary This paper presents a computational approach to provide dynamic assessment and optimization of principles derived from Transit Oriented Development (TOD) - an urban development model that advocates compact, walkable, and mixed-use neighborhoods, centered around transport stations. In spite of being increasingly promoted in several cities of the world, TOD lacks an approach that addresses multivariate data for optimization of its principles. In this paper, we propose a methodology backed by an algorithmic-parametric CAD environment, applied to a neighborhood unit in a case study. The objective is the analysis and improvement of TOD relevant and measurable features (transit accessibility, walkability and diversity) in order to optimize neighborhoods' features. The ultimate goal is to facilitate the management of solutions in TOD planning processes, supported by a principle-index-tool approach triad.
keywords Transit Oriented Development; Multi-objective optimization; Computational urban planning;
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:59

_id ecaadesigradi2019_084
id ecaadesigradi2019_084
authors Lima, Fernando, Vallone, Luiza, Costa, Carlos Frederico and Rosa, Ashiley
year 2019
title (Para)metric Evaluation of Walkability, Diversity and Density in Low-income Neighborhoods - Using the CityMetrics toolbox
source Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 3, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 257-266
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.3.257
summary This paper describes an implementation of the CityMetrics toolbox, in order to provide a dynamic assessment of metrics related to walkability, diversity and density in remote and low-income urban areas. The applied methodology was used in two remote neighborhoods of Juiz de Fora, which is a Brazilian city, in a case study. The objective was to identify and to evaluate a set of weaknesses in the addressed areas and to propose some improvements in the neighborhoods´ arrangements. The ultimate goal is to contribute to a better understanding of urban problems according to walkability, diversity and density, as well as to contribute to the discussion on the design and implementation of low-income real estate developments, facilitating the management of solutions in urban planning processes in this context.
keywords Urban analysis; Low-income urban areas; CityMetrics; Walkability; Diversity; Density
series eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:59

_id sigradi2016_426
id sigradi2016_426
authors Lima, Fernando; Kos, Jose Ripper; Montenegro, Nuno
year 2016
title Otimizaç?o multi-objetivo e Desenvolvimento Orientado pelo Transporte: algoritmos evolutivos em estratégias de planejamento urbano [Multi-objective optimization and Transit Oriented Development: evolutionary algorithms in urban planning strategies]
source SIGraDi 2016 [Proceedings of the 20th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-956-7051-86-1] Argentina, Buenos Aires 9 - 11 November 2016, pp.601-608
summary This paper presents a computational approach to provide assessment and optimization of principles from Transit Oriented Development (TOD) - an urban development model that advocates compact, walkable, and mixed-use neighborhoods, centered around transport stations. In spite of being increasingly promoted around the world, TOD lacks an approach that addresses multivariate data for optimization of its principles. In this paper, we propose an algorithmic-parametric methodology, applied to a neighborhood unit in a case study. The objective is to demonstrate the potential of algorithmic approaches towards a more dynamic management of the large amount of data involved in DOT implementation methodologies.
keywords Transit Oriented Development; Multi-objective optimization; Urban planning
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2021/03/28 19:58

_id sigradi2015_11.142
id sigradi2015_11.142
authors Lima, Fernando; Paraízo, Rodrigo Cury; Kos, Jose Ripper
year 2015
title Generative approaches in urban planning: optimization experiments for Transit Oriented Development principles
source SIGRADI 2015 [Proceedings of the 19th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - vol. 2 - ISBN: 978-85-8039-133-6] Florianópolis, SC, Brasil 23-27 November 2015, pp. 649-656.
summary This article focuses on the use of computational tools to provide dynamic assessment and optimized arrangements while planning and discussing interventions in urban areas. The objective is to address the use of algorithmic systems for evaluating and generating urban morphologies guided by Transit Oriented Development (TOD) principles. TOD is an urban development model that considers geometric and measurable parameters for designing sustainable cities. It advocates the creation of compact mixed-use neighborhoods within walking distance to a variety of transportation options and amenities, seeking to result on optimized infrastructure provision and energy efficient low-carbon districts. This paper presents algorithmic experiments for proposing a rapid-transit district, by the optimization of its urban morphology and services’ location, providing an accurate and efficient TOD principles-oriented modelling.
keywords Generative design, Transit Oriented Development, Optimization
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:55

For more results click below:

this is page 0show page 1show page 2show page 3show page 4show page 5... show page 878HOMELOGIN (you are user _anon_313861 from group guest) CUMINCAD Papers Powered by SciX Open Publishing Services 1.002