Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	caadria2005_a_8b_b
id	caadria2005_a_8b_b
authors	Wingly Shih
year	2005
title	VR-CAVE as a multimodal interaction environment
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2005.413
source	CAADRIA 2005 [Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 89-7141-648-3] New Delhi (India) 28-30 April 2005, vol. 1, pp. 413-420
summary	This research focused on building a software system on VR-CAVE for multiple users’ interaction with various media, alongside simultaneous communication amongst users. While all users interact with virtual objects in VR-CAVE concurrently, by means of several kinds of input device, including conventional mouse and keyboard, PDAs, mobile phones and laptops, users can communicate with each other through the most natural way at the same time. The system prototype was implemented and still in development for extension on the strength of supporting more input device and media formats. Further research would make VR-CAVE not only a representing tool, but a platform for design communication and evaluation, or a collaborative design environment.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	acadia12_251
id	acadia12_251
authors	Winn, Kelly ; Vollen, Jason ; Dyson, Anna
year	2012
title	Re-Framing Architecture for Emerging Ecological and Computational Design Trends for the Built Ecology
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2012.251
source	ACADIA 12: Synthetic Digital Ecologies [Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-1-62407-267-3] San Francisco 18-21 October, 2012), pp. 251-258
summary	The dualities of ‘Humanity and Nature’, ‘Organic and Inorganic’, Artificial and Synthetic’ are themes that have permeated architectural discourse since the beginning of the 20th c. The interplay between nature and machine can be directly related to the 19th c. discussion of nature and industrialism that was exemplified in the works of Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright that spawned the organic architect movement. Echoes of these dichotomous themes have been resuscitated with the introduction of computational and information processing as a fundamental part of contemporary theory and critical praxis. The ability to go beyond simplistic dualities is promised by the introduction of data informed multi-variable processes that allow for complex parametric processes that introduce a range of criteria within evaluative design frameworks. The investigations detailed herein focuses on surface morphology development that are explored and evaluated for their capacity to reintegrate the ideas from genetic and developmental biology into an architectural discourse that has historically been dominated by the mechanistic metaphor perpetuated throughout the modern era. Biological analogues in nature suggest that the zone of decoration plays an important role in the environmental response and climate adaptability of architecture. The building envelope represents the greatest potential energetic gain or loss, as much as 50 %, therefore the architectural envelope plays the most significant role in energy performance of the building. Indeed, from an environmental performance standpoint, the formal response of the envelope should tend toward complexity, as biology suggests, rather than the reduced modernist aesthetic. Information architecture coupled with environment and contextual data has the potential to return the focus of design to the rhizome, as the functional expressions of climatic performance and thermal comfort interplay within other cultural, social and economic frameworks informing the architectural artifact. Increasing the resolution that ornament requires in terms of geometric surface articulation has a reciprocal affect on the topological relationship between surface and space: the architectural envelope can respond through geometry on the surface scale in order to more responsively interface with the natural environment. This paper responds to increasing computational opportunities in architectural design and manufacturing; first by exploring the historical trajectory of discourse on nature vs. machine in architecture, then exploring the implications for utilizing environmental data to increase the energy performance of architecture at the building periphery, where building meets environment creating the synthetic Built Ecology.
keywords	ecology , biomimicry , biophilia , natural , synthetic , artificial , parametric , digital , function , production , performance , modernism , form , ornament , decoration
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	acadia15_431
id	acadia15_431
authors	Winn; Kelly
year	2015
title	Transient Thermal Exchange and Developmental Form for Tactile Surfaces
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2015.431
source	ACADIA 2105: Computational Ecologies: Design in the Anthropocene [Proceedings of the 35th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-692-53726-8] Cincinnati 19-25 October, 2015), pp. 431-441
summary	The idea of an emergent or generative form based on repeating rules of development borrowed from the field of developmental biology has provided fertile ground for inspiration for architectural theory and computational design. With simple constraints developed iteratively, complex geometry and form generation can be distilled down to a list of developmental rules or functions in order to deterministically generate form. The ideas and illustrations of naturalists on organic form and developmental biology leading back to the turn of the 20th c., such as the work of D'arcy Wentworth Thompson and Ernst Haeckel, have inspired architects from Louis Sullivan all the way to contemporary generative design. This study revisits this design tradition of biomimetic geometries based on deterministic rules for the iterative development of forms based on biological analogs and models for growth. A series of semi-regular compound patterns were developed using parametric modeling and iterative rules. These geometries were then applied to surface topologies as a decorative tactile embellishment resulting in complex thermodynamic conditions. A series of physical prototypes where then developed with different high-relief patterns and pattern densities. Positive prototype geometries were then produced using stereolithography for casting plaster molds for the production molding of finished ceramic pieces for thermal analysis using digital thermography. By studying the performance of these complex geometries as physical prototypes under controlled experimentation, high-relief surfaces and the resulting thermodynamic conditions can be understood not just qualitative experience, but also quantitatively through measured performance metrics and innovative tools for analytical analysis.
keywords	Tactile surfaces, developmental biology, biomimicry, l-systems, ceramic materials, heat transfer, thermography, ergonomics
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	e4a8
authors	Winograd, Terry ed. (et al.)
year	1996
title	Bringing Design to Software
source	New York, NY:ACM Press and Reading, MA:Addison-Welsley
summary	In this landmark book, Terry Winograd shows how to improve the practice of software design, by applying lessons from other areas of design to the creation of software. The goal is to create software that works---really works---in being appropriate and effective for people who live in the world that the software creates. The book contains essays contributed by prominent software and design professionals, interviews with experts, and profiles of successful projects and products. These elements are woven together to illuminate what design is, to identify the common core of practices in every design field, and to show how software builders can apply these common practices to produce software that is more effective, more appropriate, and more satisfying for users. The initial chapters view software from the user's perspective, featuring the insights of a experienced software designers and developers, including Mitch Kapor, David Liddle, John Rheinfrank, Peter Denning, and John Seely Brown. Subsequent chapters turn to the designer and the design process, with contributions from designers and design experts, including David Kelley, Donald Schön, and Donald Norman. Profiles discussing Mosaic, Quicken, Macintosh Interface Guidelines, Microsoft Bob, and other successful applications and projects are included to highlight key points in the chapters. This book is for the broad community of people who conceive, develop, market, evaluate, and use software. It is foremost, of course, for the software designer, and particularly for the reflective designer---someone who is driven by practical concerns, but who is also able to step back for a moment and reflect on what works, what doesn't work, and why. At the same time, it reveals new directions and new possibilities for programmers who build software, and for product managers who bring software to market. Software users will also find the book valuable in expanding their understanding of what good software design encompasses, which will help them in evaluating, integrating, and productively using computer applications.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	9203
authors	Winston, P. and Horn
year	1989
title	LISP
source	Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA (3rd. edition)
summary	The new edition retains the broad coverage of previous editions that has made this book popular both with beginners and with more advanced readers---coverage ranging from the basics of the language to detailed examples showing Lisp in practice. Based on the CommonLisp standard, this book also introduces CommonLisp's object system, CLOS, and the productivity-promoting techniques enabled by object-oriented programming. Application examples drawn from expert systems, natural language interfaces, and symbolic mathematics are featured, and new applications dealing with probability bounds, project simulation, and visual object recognition are introduced.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	413f
authors	Wirth, Niklaus
year	1983
title	Programming in Modula-2
source	176 p. : ill. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1983. 2nd ed.: includes bibliography and index.--- Text and Monographs in Computer Science Series edited by Gries, David
summary	An introduction to programming in general and a manual for programming in Modula-2. It covers all facilities of that language. Part 1 covers basic notions of the variable, expression, assignment, conditional and repetitive statement, and array data structures. Part 2 introduces the important concept of the procedure or subroutine. Part 3 is concerned with data types and structures, and Part 4 introduces the notion of the module
keywords	programming, languages, MODULA-2, education
series	CADline
last changed	1999/02/12 15:10

_id	acadia14projects_181
id	acadia14projects_181
authors	Wiscombe, Thomas
year	2014
title	National Center for Contemporary Arts
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.181
source	ACADIA 14: Design Agency [Projects of the 34th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 9789126724478]Los Angeles 23-25 October, 2014), pp. 181-184
summary	This proposal is a continuation of a body of work we call ‘objects wrapped in objects’, which deals with discrete, chunky objects gathered and squished together in a sack. This strategy creates complex interstitial spaces and layered interiority, making the contemporary museum a space of surprises and discrete experiences rather than an endless continuum of paths. Tristan Garcia, the object-oriented philosopher, talks about the infinite regress of things inside of things inside of things, except the world, which everything is inside of and therefore cannot itself be inside of something else. For him, the concept of a ‘sack’, literally, is a diagram of the conundrum of how things can simultaneously be autonomous from one another but also contain other things. This conundrum is the core of our proposal, in that the building should appear simultaneously as multiple autonomous objects but also as a larger, emergent object with its own properties. The vibration between these two ways of existing creates a visual indeterminacy that is alluring and durable.On the south side facing the Park, the sack is sliced open to reveal an incongruent inner world of stepped and stacked public space. This space is formed by way of an inner liner, which delaminates from the sack surface. Permanent gallery spaces are housed in the space between liner and sack. The building is re-enclosed with a glass membrane which is not coincident with the sack silhouette, creating an open-endedness or deferral of interiority in the project. Black jack-like objects house various other functions such as the temporary galleries, theaters, research area, library, and offices. The interstitial spaces between objects and sack are technically exterior space, but they are enclosed with infill glazing deep inside reveals. These spaces are inhabitable and contain the primary circulation of the building.The sack is articulated with architectural tattoos that subvert subdivision logics in favor of the freeform figuration allowed by composite construction. Tattoos are executed in such a way as to blur the edge between discrete objects and visually re-establish the larger object, as if qualities from the black objects begin to loosen and drift onto the sack. Finally, the building is squished into a ‘ground object’ which is in turn squished into the land. The looseness between building and ground object allows for passage underneath the building. The looseness between ground object and land emphasizes the object-hood of the building complex. This move contrasts with exhausted ideas of buildings becoming landscape or otherwise disappearing into context
keywords	Material Logics and Tectonics, Computational Design Research
series	ACADIA
type	Practice Projects
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	ecaade2010_079
id	ecaade2010_079
authors	Wissen Hayek, Ulrike; Neuenschwander, Noemi; Halatsch, Jan; Gre_t-Regamey, Adrienne
year	2010
title	Procedural Modeling of Urban Green Space Pattern Designs Taking into Account Ecological Parameters
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2010.339
source	FUTURE CITIES [28th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-9-6] ETH Zurich (Switzerland) 15-18 September 2010, pp.339-347
wos	WOS:000340629400036
summary	Cities all over the world are challenged by increasing the quality of life of urban citizens in order to ensure sustainable urban development. However, a lot of policies and planning fail in integrating environmental aspects in a way that makes them applicable for design leading to rather unsustainable developments. This paper presents an approach to integrate ecological parameters into urban design using a procedural, shape grammar driven modeling and visualization system. Design specifications and ecological goals given in the Masterplan of MASDAR City derived as an application example for the workflow. We used the concept of ecosystem services to break down the ecological process knowledge to design rules and meaningful, quantifiable spatial indicators. Our results demonstrate the application of the proposed approach covering different planning scales (district and building level). The integrated model suits as an assessment tool that can be used to test urban design alternatives on the ecological functioning as a starting point for architects.
keywords	City modeling; Shape grammar; Ecological indicators; Urban ecosystem services; Sustainable urban patterns
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	ecaadesigradi2019_024
id	ecaadesigradi2019_024
authors	Wit, Andrew John and Ng, Rashida
year	2019
title	cloudMAGNET - A prototype for climatically active light-weight skins
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.2.627
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 2, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 627-636
summary	This paper describes a potential for the integration of micro-encapsulated phase change material (mircoPCM) into lightweight skins as a means of regulating internal climatic conditions of volumetric objects. Viewed through the lens of the recently completed series of quarter-scale cloudMAGNET prototypes tested in the cloud forests of Monteverde, Costa Rica, this research utilized a wound, flexible carbon fiber framework and a lightweight fabric skin coated with varying densities of microPCM. The prototypes were monitored using real-time collection of climate data throughout the testing. In this paper we will demonstrate how climatic variables such as temperature, humidity, and pressure can be passively manipulated by varying the form and energy storage properties of materials without the use of active mechanical systems. Produced to bring awareness to the rising cloud levels within the Monteverde cloud forest, this research is intended to explore the fundamental relationships of material, energy and form. Beyond these objectives, the paper will also illustrate how these methods can be more broadly applied to the development of thermal-regulating lightweight tensile structures. Such innovations could be utilized as a method for the reimagining the architectural design and production processes allowing for the emergence of new typologies of environmentally self-mediating architecture.
keywords	material performance; phase change material; carbon fiber reinforced polymers; computation
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	ecaade2015_301
id	ecaade2015_301
authors	Wit, Andrew John
year	2015
title	The One Day House - Intelligent Systems for Adaptive Buildings
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2015.2.643
source	Martens, B, Wurzer, G, Grasl T, Lorenz, WE and Schaffranek, R (eds.), Real Time - Proceedings of the 33rd eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, 16-18 September 2015, pp. 643-650
wos	WOS:000372316000071
summary	As the global population continues to climb and environmental conditions become further unpredictable, the creation of a more robust, intelligent, adaptable yet affordable housing system will become an evermore-significant issue. Existing housing typologies find themselves lagging behind other industries such as aerospace and even automotive, lacking advanced fabrication infrastructures as well as embedded intelligent technologies that could allow for: Global interconnectivity and or manipulation, automatic software/hardware updating and physical/computational adaptability. The use of advanced tools for manufacturing resembling industrial robotics, 3D printing and as well as intelligent fabrication systems currently remains nearly non-existent. Constructed using outdated design methodologies, materials and construction techniques, the current dwelling functions merely as an enclosure for life rather then an integrated system for information, comfort and commerce. This paper questions the current typology of “house” through the rethinking of not only form and material, but by reimagining the dwelling as a whole. Rather then observing the dwelling as a static form for infrastructural permanence, this paper redefines the home as a globalized commodity, which is both physically and technologically connected and adaptable.
series	eCAADe
email
more	https://mh-engage.ltcc.tuwien.ac.at/engage/ui/watch.html?id=7412002e-6e91-11e5-b62c-00190f04dc4c
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	caadria2018_121
id	caadria2018_121
authors	Wit, Andrew John
year	2018
title	Cloudmagnet, A CFRP Framework for Flexible Architectures
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2018.1.049
source	T. Fukuda, W. Huang, P. Janssen, K. Crolla, S. Alhadidi (eds.), Learning, Adapting and Prototyping - Proceedings of the 23rd CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 17-19 May 2018, pp. 49-58
summary	To examine CFRP's viability within architectural practice, this paper explores new possibilities and methodologies for the materials integration into the design and production processes. Through the lens of the /One Day House/ initiative and its recent subproject /cloudMAGNET/, this paper explores and evaluates new typologies of formwork and winding techniques for CFRP based structures derived from tensile modeling and CFD analysis. Through examinations in cored and sacrificial coreless winding, this paper outlines new formal, structural, adaptive and production possibilities afforded by the integration of CFRP into the architectural workflow.
keywords	additive manufacturing; composites; carbon fiber; form finding; analog / digital fabrication
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	acadia16_326
id	acadia16_326
authors	Wit, Andrew; Ng, Rashida; Zhang, Cheng; Kim Simon
year	2016
title	Composite Systems for Lightweight Architectures: Case studies in large-scale CFRP winding
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2016.326
source	ACADIA // 2016: POSTHUMAN FRONTIERS: Data, Designers, and Cognitive Machines [Proceedings of the 36th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-692-77095-5] Ann Arbor 27-29 October, 2016, pp. 326-331
summary	The introduction of lightweight Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) based systems into the discipline of architecture and design has created new opportunities for form, fabrication methodologies and material efficiencies that were previously difficult if not impossible to achieve through the utilization of traditional standardized building materials. No longer constrained by predefined material shapes, nominal dimensions, and conventional construction techniques, individual building components or entire structures can now be fabricated from a single continuous material through a means that best accomplishes the desired formal and structural objectives while creating minimal amounts of construction waste and disposable formwork. This paper investigates the design, fabrication and structural potentials of wound, pre-impregnated CFRP composites in architectural-scale applications through the lens of numeric and craft based composite winding implemented in two unique research projects (rolyPOLY + Cloud Magnet). Fitting into the larger research agenda for the CFRP-based robotic housing prototype currently underway in the “One Day House” initiative, these two projects also function as a proof of concept for CFRP monocoque and gridshell based structural systems. Through a rigorous investigation of these case studies, this paper strives to answer several questions about the integration of pre-impregnated CFRP in future full-scale interventions: What form-finding methodologies lend themselves to working with CFRP? What are the advantages and disadvantages of working with pre-impregnated CFRP tow in large-scale applications? What are efficient methods for the placement of CFRP fiber on-site? As well as how scalable is CFRP?
keywords	form finding, winding, cfrp, embedded responsiveness
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	fbeb
authors	Witkin, A., Kass, M., Terzopoulos, D. and Barr, A.
year	1990
title	Linking perception and graphics: modeling with dynamic constraints
source	Barlow, H., Blackemore, C. and Weston-Smith, M. (eds), Images and understanding, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 213-226
summary	Images and Understanding Thoughts about Images: Ideas about Understanding How do you paint a picture of infinity? How do you dance about death? How do you draw a diagram explaining entropy? Images and Understanding explores the human problem of moving facts and ideas from one mind to another - the problems of how we see and communicate using images expressed in pictures, diagrams, words, music and dance. For artists as well as scientists discussion of this topic is timely; electronic and computing technology is expanding the means of generating and communicating images, while physiology and psychology are revealing the neural mechanisms of coding, perceiving and understanding them. The book is divided into six sections, each with an explanatory introduction followed by comprehensively illustrated contributions from internationally distinguished figures from fields as diverse as art history, choreography, psychology, computer science, and philosophy. Images and Understanding is unique in viewing the problems of imagery through the eyes of both science and art; it gives new insight into images and new ideas about understanding. Contributors
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	ddssup9622
id	ddssup9622
authors	Witlox, F.J.A., Arentze, T.A. and Timmermans, H.J.P.
year	1996
title	Constructing and consulting fuzzy decision tables
source	Timmermans, Harry (Ed.), Third Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning - Part two: Urban Planning Proceedings (Spa, Belgium), August 18-21, 1996
summary	In this paper, we investigate a methodological issue associated with the use of decision tables (DTs). In particular, a predominant problem concerns the categorization of the condition and action states in a DT. This categorization is assumed to exhibit a discrete (or crisp) character. Although sharply defined discrete categorizations imply an. accurate and precise decision-making, in many real time problems it proves to be a too stringent and severe assumption to impose on the choice maker. In order to solve this problem, we will enhance the DT formalism to incorporate elements from the theory of fuzzy sets. The construction of a fuzzy decision table (FDT) is explained in a step-by-step manner and illustrated by means of a brief example in the field of location theory. The paper concludes with an assessment of how to use and consult a FDT.
series	DDSS
last changed	2003/08/07 16:36

_id	c7a3
authors	Witmer, Bob and Singer, Michael
year	1998
title	Measuring Presence in Virtual Environments
source	Presence Vol. 7 No. 3, MIT Press
summary	The effectiveness of virtual environments (VEs) has often been linked to the sense of presence reported by users of those VEs. (Presence is defined as the subjective experience of being in one place or environment, even when one is physically situated in another.) We believe that presence is a normal awareness phenomenon that requires directed attention and is based in the interaction between sensory stimulation, environmental factors that encourage involvement and enable immersion, and internal tendencies to become involved. Factors believed to underlie presence were described in the premier issue of Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments. We used these factors and others as the basis for a presence questionnaire (PQ) to measure presence in VEs. In addition we developed an immersive tendencies questionnaire (ITQ) to measure differences in the tendencies of individuals to experience presence. These questionnaires are being used to evaluate relationships among reported presence and other research variables. Combined results from four experiments lead to the following conclusions: (1) the PQ and ITQ are internally consistent measures with high reliability; (2) there is a weak but consistent positive relation between presence and task performance in VEs; (3) individual tendencies as measured by the ITQ predict presence as measured by the PQ; and (4) individuals who report more simulator sickness symptoms in VE report less presence than those who report fewer symptoms.
series	journal paper
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

_id	caadria2021_260
id	caadria2021_260
authors	Witono, Cindy, Yogiaman, Christine and Tracy, Kenneth
year	2021
title	Discrete Element Design for Mycelium Composite Use in Circular Assembly Systems - Strategising Geometric Treatment of Biomass Composites for Viable Assembly and Construction Systems
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2021.1.543
source	A. Globa, J. van Ameijde, A. Fingrut, N. Kim, T.T.S. Lo (eds.), PROJECTIONS - Proceedings of the 26th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Online, Hong Kong, 29 March - 1 April 2021, pp. 543-552
summary	This paper presents a construction strategy for topologically interlocking mycelium composites as replaceable structural modules that could be periodically replaced, extending the lifespan while varying the architecture. Concepts of discrete fabrication would drive the methodology. The research will be carried out in two scales; (a) at the scale of the part such as foundation, column, beam, joint, and floor slab component, which would be studied to form a set of interlocking geometry that allow for easy installation and de-installation process; and (b) an investigation on aggregating whole, whereby elements are aggregated using Wasp to generate bays of walls, flooring and cantilever roof. The elements are to be aggregated to the point of redundancy, which would support replacement of components by providing standby structural system. This will integrate repair and recondition processes as part of the building life cycle.
keywords	Mycelium Composite; Topological Interlocking; Redundancy; Digital Fabrication
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	60c6
authors	Wittenoom, R.
year	1999
title	Automating realization of integrated project models
source	Automation in Construction 8 (3) (1999) pp. 249-267
summary	Integration of project information has been addressed by a number of groups using a combination of product data exchange standards and centralized project models to integrate the diverse systems of different project groups. Less interest has been shown in the automation of model realization processes in such an environment. Development and use in the author's firm of an object model-based system for engineering project design and documentation has shown that considerable advantage is possible by extension of simple parametric techniques to generalized solutions, when combined with an object system optimized to support the functional aspects of realization. To automate realization processes in a collaborative environment, it is necessary to exchange sub-models that are essentially parametric, with realization processes only partially completed. We examine the requirements of and constraints on such exchange and propose a framework based on the standardization of interfaces and functional capabilities needed to support the automation of realization processes.
series	journal paper
more	http://www.elsevier.com/locate/autcon
last changed	2003/05/15 21:23

_id	ecaade03_111_25_wittkopf
id	ecaade03_111_25_wittkopf
authors	Wittkopf, Stephen K. and Hee, Harold
year	2003
title	DESIGN BY GRADING? ELECTRONIC BUILDABILITY DESIGN APPRAISAL SCORE (eBDAS) AS A MAJOR DESIGN CONSIDERATION IN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN IN SINGAPORE
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2003.111
source	Digital Design [21th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-1-6] Graz (Austria) 17-20 September 2003, pp. 111-116
summary	Singapore is possibly the first country in Asia to implement a nation-wide electronic system for the evaluation and approval of building plans called ELECTRONIC BUILDABILITY DESIGN APPRAISAL SCORE (eBDAS). The system is a systematic and comprehensive method of computing a building design’s buildability efficiency through a scoring methodology. Using this methodology, the building authorities make the decision as to whether a building is approved for construction. Poh and Chen (1996) have found that a design with a higher buildable score results in more efficient labour usage in construction and therefore higher site labour productivity. However, the relationship between construction costs and buildable score was found less distinct. This paper discusses the existing implications of eBDAS on the architectural profession and potential implications on educational institutes.
keywords	Buildability; Standardization; Design Assessment; Design Education
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	caadria2003_c2-3
id	caadria2003_c2-3
authors	Wittkopf, Stephen K. and Huang, Yi Chun
year	2003
title	Web-Based Computational Design Support Tools Use of Lighting and Energy Performance Simulation and Web-Based Visualization for Energy Integrated Architectural Design
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2003.307
source	CAADRIA 2003 [Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 974-9584-13-9] Bangkok Thailand 18-20 October 2003, pp. 307-322
summary	The paper proposes a new methodology how computational lighting and energy performance simulations and web based visualization tools can be employed to support energy integrated architectural design. By studying the current limitations of integrating simulation tools in the design process, the hypotheses of a web-based design guide attempts to establish computational simulation and visualization tools as a value adding part of the design process as well as contribute to the architect's understanding and concerns of energy relationships in buildings. The developed design guide attempts to address the identified limitations by making the actual simulations transparent to the designer physically and figuratively, the latter involving the studying of how to present data as useful information to the designer in post-processing techniques with special focus webbased visualizations.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	3e6a
authors	Wittkopf, Stephen
year	2001
title	I-Light, a webbased learning system for architectural lighting design
source	TU Darmstadt
summary	With the rising meaning of architectural lighting also the requirement at appropriate light planning rises. The possibilities of digital instruments were realized by several lamp manufacturers, which use 3D-CAD to present visualizations and use the Internet for their distribution. However in the field of universities it is important to offer instruments and methods with which the interaction of light and architecture can be learned descriptive, comprehensibly and interactively. Introductory in a theoretical section the bases of light planning and learn-educational concepts are pointed out. Parallel the state of the art in the areas of computer-aided learning and the light simulation is presented and evaluated regarding the learn-educational suitability. Thereupon an action requirement is formulated, which designates a new integration of the individual areas. It flows into the development of an interactive Web-based training system for the design with light - I-Light - whose concept and implementation in the following sections is described. In an application of examples the author points out finally, how this innovative connection of the Internet, 3D-CAD and simulation supports a better understanding of the medium light in the architecture perception. A new virtual light laboratory forms the core of this training system, in which architectural planning examples can be represented three-dimensional and changed interactively. A developed semantic scene model ensures for the fact that lighting, materials and delimitation surfaces are varied didactically appropriately and compared, so that visual effects and important interrelation can be assumed and checked. The author orients itself at the methodology by simulation and merges 3D-CAD and light simulation programs into the training system. The calculated photo-realistic picture is regarded not - as otherwise usual - as presentation material, but as interactive tools. Since 3D-CAD and light simulation programs presuppose much application knowledge, the author does not pursue to confront the user with these complex programs. He developed a new system with a Web-based graphic surface, that enables 3D-scenes to be loaded, be changed and stored easily (front-end). Furthermore it enables the remote control to an automatic, photo-realistic simulation on push of a button on an external high end render machine, that is connected via Internet, where at least all files are externally stored. For the operation of the front-end is only an average PC with a standard Webbrowser necessary. For the receiving station the author develops a new interface, which extends a standard Web server by the new possibility of storing and executing lighting simulations (back-end). The system presented by the author differs in the didactical concept and in the technical implementation from the solutions existing so far in similar areas. The interactive virtual light laboratories of the architectural planning examples represent a new beginning of Web-based learning environments. To the selected tools (HTML, Java, VRML, Web server, Lightscape) there yet exist no matured alternatives.
series	thesis:PhD
email
more	http://elib.tu-darmstadt.de/diss/000131/
last changed	2003/02/12 22:37

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