Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	08af
authors	Gross, M.D. and Do, E.
year	1996
title	Ambiguous Intentions: a Paper-like Interface for Creative Design
source	Proceedings UIST ’96 Seattle Washington, pp. 183-192
summary	Interfaces for conceptual and creative design should recognize and interpret drawings. They should also capture users' intended ambiguity, vagueness, and imprecision and convey these qualities visually and through interactive behavior. Freehand drawing can provide this information and it is a natural input mode for design. We describe a pen-based interface that acquires information about ambiguity and precision from freehand input, represents it internally, and echoes it to users visually and through constraint based edit behavior.
series	other
email
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

_id	ecaade2008_070
id	ecaade2008_070
authors	Guéna, François; Untersteller, Louis-Paul
year	2008
title	Computing Different Projections of a Polyhedral Scene from a Single 2D Sketch
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2008.195
source	Architecture in Computro [26th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-7-2] Antwerpen (Belgium) 17-20 September 2008, pp. 195-200
summary	This paper presents the development of a tool which is capable of compute several projections of a polyhedral scene from a single axonometric or perspective projection. This projection is hand-drawn and may be incomplete. This sketch can be rotated with a kind of trackball and the tool computes in real-time new projections. In that way the designer can choose another view from which he is able to control and complete the sketch and carry on designing. So this tool can be useful for exploring architectural forms in the early phases of the design process. Unlike others freehand sketching interfaces, the system does not operate any reconstruction in 3D. Everything is computed in a 2D world.
keywords	Architectural Design, Sketching, Projective Geometry, Duality, 3D Reconstruction
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	f231
authors	Hammond, T.,Gajos, K., Davis, R. and Shrobe, H.
year	2002
title	An Agent-Based System for Capturing and Indexing Software Design Meetings
source	Gero JS and Brazier FMT (eds) (2002) Agents in Design 2002. Key Centre of Design Computing and Cognition, University of Sydney, pp. 203-218
summary	We present an agent-based system for capturing and indexing software design meetings. During these meetings, designers design object-oriented software tools, including new agent-based technologies for the Intelligent Room, by sketching UML-type designs on a white-board. To capture the design meeting history, the Design Meeting Agent requests available audio, video, and screen capture services from the environment and uses them to capture the entire design meeting. However, finding a particular moment of the design history video and audio records can be cumbersome without a proper indexing scheme. To detect, index, and timestamp significant events in the design process, the Tahuti Agent, also started by the Design Meeting Agent, records, recognizes, and understands the UML-type sketches drawn during the meeting. These timestamps can be mapped to particular moments in the captured video and audio, aiding in the retrieval of the captured information. Metaglue, a multiagent system, provides the computational glue necessary to bind the distributed components of the system together. It also provides necessary tools for seamless multi-modal interaction between the varied agents and the users.
series	other
email
last changed	2003/05/10 10:16

_id	8f1d
authors	Herot, C.
year	1976
title	Graphical Input Through Machine Recognition of Sketches
source	Computer Graphics, SIGGRAPH Quarterly Report, Vol. 10, No. 2
summary	A family of programs has been developed to allow graphical input through continuous digitizing. Drawing data, sampled at a high and constant rate, is compressed and mapped into lines and splines, in two and three dimensions. This is achieved by inferring a particular user's intentions from measures of speed and pressure.Recent experiments have shown that even the most basic inference making cannot rely solely upon knowledge of the user's drawing style, but needs additional knowledge of the subject being drawn, the protocols of its domain, and the stage of development of the user's design. This requirement implies a higher level of machine intelligence than currently exists. An alternate approach is to increase the user's involvement in the recognition process.Contrary to previous efforts to move from sketch to mechanical drawing without human intervention, this paper reports on an interactive system for graphical input in which the user overtly partakes in training the machine and massaging the data at all levels of interpretation. The initial routines for data compression employ parallel functions for extracting such features as bentness, straightness, and endness. These are planned for implementation in microprocessors.Results offer a system for rapid (and enjoyable) graphical input with real-time interpretation, the beginnings of an intelligent tablet.
series	report
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

_id	caadria2024_47
id	caadria2024_47
authors	Hu, Wei
year	2024
title	DSNL in Architecture – A Deep Learning Approach to Deciphering Architectural Sketches and Facilitating Human-AI Interaction
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2024.1.119
source	Nicole Gardner, Christiane M. Herr, Likai Wang, Hirano Toshiki, Sumbul Ahmad Khan (eds.), ACCELERATED DESIGN - Proceedings of the 29th CAADRIA Conference, Singapore, 20-26 April 2024, Volume 1, pp. 119–128
summary	The language of interaction between architects and machines has been evolving towards a more user-friendly paradigm. As the capabilities of machines and artificial intelligence have advanced, it has become increasingly feasible for architects to communicate with machines using their customary expressive methods. Consequently, this has led to the development of Domain-Specific Natural Language (DSNL), which, unlike traditional Domain-Specific Language (DSL), places greater emphasis on naturalness. While this naturalness enhances usability for architects, it also presents challenges in machine comprehension. To address this issue, we propose a data-driven approach that utilizes domain-specific data for model training or fine-tuning through unsupervised or weakly supervised methods. Our study, which focuses on teaching AI to learn architectural sketching from architects, demonstrates that our proposed method captures the characteristics of human architectural sketching more effectively than traditional approaches.
keywords	Domain Specific Natural Language, Human-AI interaction, Architectural sketches, AIGC, Deep learning.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	0c14
authors	Huang, Ching-Hui
year	2001
title	A Preliminary Study of Spatializing Cyberspace - A Cognitive Approach
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2001.511
source	Architectural Information Management [19th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-8-1] Helsinki (Finland) 29-31 August 2001, pp. 511-516
summary	The purpose of this study is to reveal some aspects of the spatial nature of cyberspace by applying a cognitive approach, which is to decode cyberspatial cognition generated from the spatial experiences of an architectural designer. Two types of cities, the physical and the virtual, are compared in order to further realize the spatial knowledge of cyberspace. The results of this research indicate that understanding spatial characteristics of virtual environment can base upon investigating cognitive sketches. In addition, architectural designers might benefit from the findings of this study.
keywords	Cyberspace, Physical City, Virtual City, Cyberspatial Cognition
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	130b
authors	Huang, Ying-Hsiu
year	1999
title	A Cognitive Study of Shapes and Functions in Design Sketches: Simulating an Industrial Design Case by Neural Networks
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.1999.275
source	CAADRIA '99 [Proceedings of The Fourth Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 7-5439-1233-3] Shanghai (China) 5-7 May 1999, pp. 275-284
summary	The present research focuses on transforming shapes that had been drawn by designers on the sketches and on evaluating the shapes from design requirements. In this research, neural networks simulate the result from collecting shapes that designers transformed from original shapes and evaluations from all ones. There are four steps in this research: First, a cognitive experiment. I collected real shapes that designers drew and evaluations from the experiment in order to training the neural networks. Second, a transforming neural network is simulating the behavior in which designers transformed one shape into another without evaluating the design requirements. Third, a evaluating neural network that trained by the evaluations that collected from the experiment is simulating how designers criticized the shapes in terms of design requirements. Fourth, modifying program is trying to modify the evaluations that had been criticized by designers from all shapes and generating a new shape from modified evaluations. This research proposed a synthetic system that simulating the behavior during design sketching, therefore, computers could also generate some ideas like human designer.
series	CAADRIA
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	62c2
authors	Kavakli, M., Suwa, M., Gero, J.S. and Purcell, T.
year	1999
title	Sketching interpretation in novice and expert designers
source	Gero, J.S. and Tversky, B. (Eds.), Visual and Spatial Reasoning in Design , Key Centre of Design Computing and Cognition, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia, pp. 209-220
summary	This paper focuses on the differences in visual reasoning between a novice and an expert architectural designer during the conceptual design process. The cognitive actions of each designer while sketching were categorized into four main groups (each consisting of a number of sub-groups): physical, perceptual, functional, and conceptual. Based on this analysis, we found that the expert differs markedly from the novice in productivity in terms of the number of sketches and the number of alternative ideas. We focused on the differences between them in terms of the frequencies of cognitive actions, with the hypothesis that the difference in productivity could be attributed to the differences in some or all types of cognitive actions. Differences between the expert and the novice were found for revising features (in the subcategory of drawing actions in the physical action category), for paying attention to the relations of depicted elements (perceptual category) and for the rates of new and revisited functions (functional category). These results are discussed in terms of the types of visual reasoning processes that could be involved in expert design and the possible implications of these results if they can be demonstrated to be characteristic of expert designers generally.
keywords	Visual Reasoning, Cognitive Actions, Sketching Interpretation
series	other
email
last changed	2003/04/06 09:18

_id	ecaade2015_22
id	ecaade2015_22
authors	Keles, Hacer Yalim
year	2015
title	Embedding Parts in Sketches Using a Parallel Evolutionary Approach
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2015.1.269
source	Martens, B, Wurzer, G, Grasl T, Lorenz, WE and Schaffranek, R (eds.), Real Time - Proceedings of the 33rd eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, 16-18 September 2015, pp. 269-276
summary	Detection of emergent shapes in sketches requires extensive exploration of the design space. Automating this process with computational methods enables locating various alternatives sequentially or all at once simultaneously via high computational power. This not only helps efficient design space exploration but also provides a systematic way for keeping track of the design process. However, it is a challenge to define a generic computational method which optimizes the design space searches in time and space. The approaches that are based on optimization may suffer from time efficiency and local minima problems. These problems are substantially solved in this work by performing comprehensive parallel searches in the design space with a genetic algorithm. Advantage of this approach is that the local minima problem is reduced significantly without increasing the execution times.
wos	WOS:000372317300029
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	ddss9451
id	ddss9451
authors	Kolli, R., Hennessey, J. and Stuyver, R.
year	1994
title	A Conceptual Sketching Device for the Early Phase of Design
source	Second Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture & Urban Planning (Vaals, the Netherlands), August 15-19, 1994
summary	Computer tools are still not popular among designers during early phases of design. Existing mouse-based software applications provide excellent features for constructing precise drawings and illustrations, but they are cumbersome to use during conceptual design phase for rapid free form sketching. We propose a user interface concept for a new pen-based computer device calledIDEATOR. The functions and user interface style for IDEATOR were derived from our studies of industrial designers. Because of its simplicity and ease of use, we believe that the device will beof potential interest to architects, graphic designers, user interface designers and fashion designers as well. We interviewed practising industrial designers and several creative professionals at theirwork places to get an insight into user behaviour and work practices that are characteristic of the initial ideation phase [1]. Based on our observations, we envisaged a schematic user environment where several devices and systems support the various needs of designers. In a focused effort on sketching activity, we studied sketchbooks related to an entire project and video tapes of designers during sketching phase. From these, we derived the functional requirements for a sketching device [2]. In this paper, we describe the conceptual product form and user interface for IDEATOR which is based on LCD tablet technology and cordless electronic pens. We illustrate through our video prototypes, how it could be intuitively used to perform various ideation functions: sketching rapidly in colour, making quick collages of photographs, animating sketches and annotatinganimations or video. We are currently in the process of evaluating the concept prototype with several industrial designers.
series	DDSS
email
last changed	2003/08/07 16:36

_id	cf2005_1_43_191
id	cf2005_1_43_191
authors	KRAFT Bodo and SCHNEIDER Gerd
year	2005
title	Semantic Roomobjects for Conceptual Design Support
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2005 [Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 1-4020-3460-1] Vienna (Austria) 20–22 June 2005, pp. 207-216
summary	The conceptual design at the beginning of the building construction process is essential for the success of a building project. Even if some CAD tools allow elaborating conceptual sketches, they rather focus on the shape of the building elements and not on their functionality. We introduce semantic roomobjects and roomlinks, by way of example to the CAD tool ArchiCAD. These extensions provide a basis for specifying the organisation and functionality of a building and free architects from being forced to directly produce detailed constructive sketches. Furthermore, we introduce consistency analyses of the conceptual sketch, based on an ontology containing conceptual relevant knowledge, specific to one class of buildings.
keywords	conceptual design, semantic modelling, ontology
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2006/11/07 07:27

_id	ddss9457
id	ddss9457
authors	Kubota, Y., Yoshikawa, M. and Masaki, E.
year	1994
title	Development of an Expert Cad System for Visual Design of a Bridge in a Landscape
source	Second Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture & Urban Planning (Vaals, the Netherlands), August 15-19, 1994
summary	Architects, landscape architects and urban designers are often required to be involved in the process of bridge design from an aesthetic point of view. The authors have been developing a comprehensive CAD system to support such visual design works, especially at an early stage of design. Conventional complicated technical standards and guidelines tend to discourage creative design. In order to support free conception and creation of bridge forms, this system includes a visual design core system as a workshop, even enabling freehand sketch drawing on existing landscape images of the site. This is supported by a landscape simulation subsystem. The system can also provide initial design ideas with several different types of bridge form, derived from knowledge based subsystems on design guidelines and precedent examples which can be quoted also to examine the physical possibility of sketch drawn alternatives in terms of structural dimensions and construction costs. Created design alternatives will be analyzed by a visual impact analysis subsystem to assess their influences on surrounding environments from a visual geometri-cal standpoint. This system is intended to enable architects, landscape architects or urban designers to create and examine design alternatives on a real-time basis.
series	DDSS
last changed	2003/08/07 16:36

_id	21b9
authors	Landsdown, J.
year	1988
title	Computers and Visualisation of Design Ideas: Possibilities and Promises
source	CAAD futures ‘87 [Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-444-42916-6] Eindhoven (The Netherlands), 20-22 May 1987, pp. 71-80
summary	Drawing in all its various forms, from freehand sketching to detailed technical layout, is a type of modelling that designers find indispensable. In many cases, indeed, drawing is the only form of external modelling a designer uses. It has two basic functions: to assist in the externalisation and development of mental concepts and to help in the presentation of these concepts to others. The current thrust of work in computer graphics - although valuable - tends to concentrate almost exclusively on the presentation aspects and it is now possible to create images almost resembling photographs of real objects as well as production drawings of great accuracy and consistency. This paper summarises some of this presentation work as well as developments which might go further in assisting the activities and processes of design.
series	CAAD Futures
last changed	1999/04/03 17:58

_id	82a5
authors	Leclercq, P.
year	1996
title	From an architectural sketch to its semantic representation
source	The Int. Journal of Construction IT 4(2), pp. 67-84
summary	This paper presents an essay on the needs and viability of the semantic harnessing of architectural sketches in the framework of integrated computer design. A symbolic and relation representation is proposed as the shared architectural model. This is structured with the practical proposals of cognitive sciences about knowledge creation and manipulation. An experiment is described which observes and analyses the composition of professional sketches. Its results are taken as directives to build the architectural model content. Two computer software are presented as prototypes for managing a case base of architectural knowledge and deducing the semantic concepts from sketches. Back to Search Results
series	journal paper
last changed	2003/05/15 21:45

_id	caadria2023_106
id	caadria2023_106
authors	Li, Yuqian and Xu, Weiguo
year	2023
title	Research on Architectural Sketch to Scheme Image Based on Context Encoder
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.1.069
source	Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 69–78
summary	Architects are used to hand drawing sketches to express the architectural creation intention. To present these abstract sketches, architects and teams need to convert sketches into architectural scheme images, which requires a lot of time and labour. Deep learning may have the potential to improve the efficiency of this work. The common sketch-to-image generation is based on Generative Adversarial Network (GAN), and the research of edge-to-image has made a big progress. But these methods require strict alignment of data pairs, which is difficult to achieve. Zhu et al. proposed the loss of Cycle-Consistent, which solved the problem that pairs of data sets are difficult to collect. However, most of the image translation methods require strict alignment between image data pairs, which can be achieved only for the edge mapping extracted from the image; but the sketch is very different from the edge. Due to the abstractness and fuzziness of the sketch, any simple distortion cannot complete the task of providing pixel-level alignment between the sketch and image; And image translation is the transfer of image features such as colour and texture. The original image has a strong constraint on the generated image, which makes the original structure of the image impossible to be changed. By image inpainting, we address this topic using a joint image completion approach with Context-Encoder, where the architectural sketch provides the image context for generating the scheme images. This setting has two advantages: first, the joint images can avoid the complexity of cross modal problems and the strict alignment of the data pairs as image-to-image translation; second, because of the weak constraint, the outputs have greater freedom, which perhaps can generate more imaginative results. The Context-Encoder generates scheme images on the data sets of general architectural sketches. The results present that the applicability of the completion method is better than that of the method of image translation. And scheme images that is different from the original architectural sketch contours have been generated.
keywords	Sketch, Building Scheme Image, Image Completion, Context-Encoder
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2023/06/15 23:14

_id	caadria2008_66_session6b_544
id	caadria2008_66_session6b_544
authors	Lowe, Russell
year	2008
title	Beyond the boundary object: sketches, computer games and blogs facilitating design development
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2008.544
source	CAADRIA 2008 [Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Chiang Mai (Thailand) 9-12 April 2008, pp. 544-551
summary	Developing Frosts’ understanding of Leigh Star’s (Star 1989) concept of the boundary object this paper seeks to answer the question “would multiple boundary objects employed simultaneously facilitate design development?” The paper reflects on and critically reviews the design, implementation, and outcomes of a first year Architectural Design course that privileged architectural representation in the form of design sketches, blogs and contemporary computer gaming technology. The review process is supported by an in depth survey of students experiences both prior to and during the course. With a large number of students enrolled in the course (158) the findings from this survey can be seen to offer a statistical reliability which is in contrast to the more usual anecdotal approach.
keywords	Boundary Object, Generalist, Specialist, Sketch, Computer Game, Blog
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	43b3
authors	Mccall, R., Johnson, E. and Smith, M.
year	1997
title	Hypersketching: Design As Creating a Graphical Hyperdocument
source	CAAD Futures 1997 [Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-7923-4726-9] München (Germany), 4-6 August 1997, pp. 849-854
summary	There are empirical and theoretical reasons for believing that current CAD does not adequately support the early, conceptual stages of design. Hand-done design drawing has a several advantages over current, CAD-based approaches to generating form in these stages. One advantage is the indeterminacy of hand drawing--i.e., its abstractness and ambiguity. Another is a non-destructive drawing process, where new drawings are created without modifying old ones. A third is designers' creation of large collections of inter-related drawings--i.e., graphical hyperdocuments. A fourth is the unobtrusive character of conventional drawing tools. We have created two prototypes that incorporate these features into a new type of CAD based on sketching with electronic pens on LCD tablets. The first prototype, called HyperSketch., is a stand-alone system that simulates tracing paper. It creates a hypermedia network in which the nodes are sketches and the links are primarily traced-from relationships recorded automatically by the system. The second prototype adds the HyperSketching functionality to our existing PHIDIAS HyperCAD system. This aids design by using the sketches to index and retrieve multimedia information that is useful for a variety of design tasks.
series	CAAD Futures
last changed	1999/04/06 09:19

_id	caadria2017_072
id	caadria2017_072
authors	Nakapan, Walaiporn, Ku, Yee Kee and Pattanasirimongkol, Apiwat
year	2017
title	The Mathematical Logic Behind Lai Thai - A Geometric and Parametric Analysis of the Traditional Thai Pattern, Kanok Sam Tua
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2017.241
source	P. Janssen, P. Loh, A. Raonic, M. A. Schnabel (eds.), Protocols, Flows, and Glitches - Proceedings of the 22nd CAADRIA Conference, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China, 5-8 April 2017, pp. 241-250
summary	This paper investigates Lai Thai, a traditional Thai pattern whose grid structure and frame pattern have been clearly defined, in textbooks, as being created by freehand drawing. There are similarities between Lai Thai and patterns that are referred to as Look Thai. In this paper, one reference that Thai artisans follow: the "Kanok Sam Tua" pattern is analysed. Geometric analysis for the external frame and parametric analysis for the interior frame were used to unveil the underlying mathematical logic of the traditional Thai pattern Kanok Sam Tua, which is created from two triangles, and a circle. The results show that the exterior frame of the pattern follows three main rules related to (1) Proportion, (2) Point, and (3) Direction. This research also demonstrates that Lai Thai can be investigated using geometric and parametric analysis. In addition, it reveals that there is stochastic mathematical logic hidden behind the metaphorical Thai lotus bud design.
keywords	Thai pattern; Mathematical logic; Visual algorithm; Generative art and architecture
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	6f74
authors	Norman, Richard
year	1998
title	Teaching Computation for Design
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1998.115
source	Computers in Design Studio Teaching [EAAE/eCAADe International Workshop Proceedings / ISBN 09523687-7-3] Leuven (Belgium) 13-14 November 1998, pp. 115-122
summary	Modeling the formal idea has long been problematic in schools. Renaissance tools, however inspired by the invention of perspective, usually result in two-dimensional sketches. Cardboard and small pieces of wood occasionally become the three-dimensional media of first visualization in studios; modeling on the computer is a newer idea. This paper examines two experiments, one where design fundamentals and solid modeling are introduced in a common studio, the other where instruction is removed from the studio environment and made an adjunct elective. In the first case the course is an introduction to both design and computation, an electronic investigation of Paul Klee’s first principles: point, line, shape, form and space—adding, subtracting, rotating and multiplying objects using Beaux Arts principles to create the design. The result is architectural form-making that was not possible in the studio-past. The second case is a course which isolates computer instruction from the studio, making it a separate academic discipline. Fantasy projects then demonstrate computational principle, exploring pure form without burden of technical or social obligation that studio imposes; alternative methods are presented for introducing design computation to the architectural student.
series	eCAADe
email
more	http://www.eaae.be/
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	6b1d
authors	Porada, Mikhael
year	1994
title	Architectural Briefing Data Representation and Sketch Simulation Computer Environment
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1994.055
source	The Virtual Studio [Proceedings of the 12th European Conference on Education in Computer Aided Architectural Design / ISBN 0-9523687-0-6] Glasgow (Scotland) 7-10 September 1994, pp. 55-59
summary	Reflection about the architectural programme starts with the analysis of its writing, its "style" which bears not only the "griffe" of the programmer but as well the structure, methodology, codes of reading, etc. particular to a programming approach. The programme structure corresponds in most cases to the different levels in the text's format and the composition modes of representing data and their relations. The choice made can either facilitate or impede the reading as interpretation of the programme. The programmer’s aim should be to open the text to reading towards a "synthetic schematic" summary, a sort of cognitive threshold which allows the reader to understand both the client's objectives and the designer's intentions enhanced by his experience. Articulating a designer's experience means focusing on his knowhow and memory. The designer's recollected knowledge and heuristic approaches to the solution of a basic design problem - types, his readings and spatial evaluations permanently feed the knowhow. It is important for the architect to have access to past examples, to the collective memory of his workplace, and a repertoire of readings, notes, sketches, influences and citations. It is therfore equally important that a computer environment also have a multimodal "architect's memory" or "project memory" module in which different forms of representation are classified, and made accessible as memory components. It is also necessary to have the possibility to access at any moment in an interactive manner to the recomposition, addition and adaptation of these mnemonic components. The information coming from the programme, classified as descriptive, prescriptive and quantitative types of data, must be able to be interrogated in different modes of representation : text, matrices, nets, diagrams, and so on, so that the pertinent information can be extraded at any given design process stage. Analysis of competition programmes show that often the description of an activity, for example, the Great Stadium competition in Paris, is described by several pages of text, a circulation diagram with arrows and legend, a topological proximity diagram with legend and as table activity - areas . These different representations, which are supposed to be complementary and give the most pertinent view of the client needs, show in fact after analysis, many description problems, incoherance, and which result in a reading difficulty.
series	eCAADe
last changed	2022/06/07 08:00

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