CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id sigradi2014_281
id sigradi2014_281
authors Roça, Luciana Santos; Marcelo Tramontano
year 2014
title Creative noise: considerations of sound design for public interventions
source SiGraDi 2014 [Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-9974-99-655-7] Uruguay- Montevideo 12,13,14 November 2014, pp. 532-535
summary Despite the interpretations of noise as a disturbance, interference or an unpleasant sound, noise is deeply related to cultural and social processes. This paper aims to discuss the use of non-musical sounds in public artistic interventions, based on a sound intervention conducted as part of an accomplished research, focusing the juxtaposition of sound and physical environments by the use of sound interfaces providing collective listening in public spaces. This research is also part of Nomads.usp, Centre of Interactive Living Studies, of the Institute of Architecture and Urbanism at the University of São Paulo.
keywords Sound environment; urban intervention; public space; sound design; noise
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:59

_id ecaade2013_043
id ecaade2013_043
authors Rua, Helena; Falcão, Ana Paula and Roxo, Ana Filipa
year 2013
title Digital Models – Proposal for the Interactive Representation of Urban Centres
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2013.1.265
source Stouffs, Rudi and Sariyildiz, Sevil (eds.), Computation and Performance – Proceedings of the 31st eCAADe Conference – Volume 1, Faculty of Architecture, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, 18-20 September 2013, pp. 265-273
summary The idea of ‘city’ has now surpassed its physical concept. The emergence of the Internet and the growing development of information and communication technologies (ICT) have changed the behaviour of our society in the past decade and revolutionised the traditional ways of representing space. The classic 2D (floor plans, sections and elevations) and 3D representations have been gradually replaced by 3D digital models that can reproduce buildings and places in a virtual environment.3D digital models are tools that enable a wide range of applications in urban planning and management, especially in architectural and data documentation where they allow the analysis of theoretical scenarios such as: 1) representation of the past, considering the procedures needed to restore the heritage; 2) visualisation of the present, to enable dissemination and communication of the city as it is; and, 3) simulation of the future, with the model being used to visualise and experiment with architectural objects, even those at a design stage. The main contribution of this work is to present an urban application developed into a GeoBIM tool, ESRI City Engine Software (CE), that integrates GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and BIM (Building Information Modelling) concepts. Finally, to enhance its potential, three spatial analyses were conducted.
wos WOS:000340635300027
keywords 3D model; GIS – Geographic Information System; BIM – Building Information Modelling; shape grammars; spatial analysis.
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:56

_id acadia23_v1_220
id acadia23_v1_220
authors Ruan, Daniel; Adel, Arash
year 2023
title Robotic Fabrication of Nail Laminated Timber: A Case Study Exhibition
source ACADIA 2023: Habits of the Anthropocene: Scarcity and Abundance in a Post-Material Economy [Volume 1: Projects Catalog of the 43rd Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9860805-8-1]. Denver. 26-28 October 2023. edited by A. Crawford, N. Diniz, R. Beckett, J. Vanucchi, M. Swackhamer 220-225.
summary Previous research projects (Adel, Agustynowicz, and Wehrle 2021; Adel Ahmadian 2020; Craney and Adel 2020; Adel et al. 2018; Apolinarska et al. 2016; Helm et al. 2017; Willmann et al. 2015; Oesterle 2009) have explored the use of comprehensive digital design-to-fabrication workflows for the construction of nonstandard timber structures employing robotic assembly technologies. More recently, the Robotically Fabricated Structure (RFS), a bespoke outdoor timber pavilion, demonstrated the potential for highly articulated timber architecture using short timber elements and human-robot collaborative assembly (HRCA) (Adel 2022). In the developed HRCA process, a human operator and a human fabricator work alongside industrial robotic arms in a shared working environment, enabling collaborative fabrication approaches. Building upon this research, we present an exploration adapting HRCA to nail-laminated timber (NLT) fabrication, demonstrated through a case study exhibition (Figures 1 and 2).
series ACADIA
type project
email
last changed 2024/04/17 13:58

_id sigradi2023_113
id sigradi2023_113
authors Ruas, Dalton Bertini, Simoes, Fernando Palermo and Lara, Arthur Hunold
year 2023
title Reoccupy Physical Learning Spaces after the “Great Reset”
source García Amen, F, Goni Fitipaldo, A L and Armagno Gentile, Á (eds.), Accelerated Landscapes - Proceedings of the XXVII International Conference of the Ibero-American Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2023), Punta del Este, Maldonado, Uruguay, 29 November - 1 December 2023, pp. 637–646
summary This article aims to reflect on pedagogical practices after the “Great Reset” for architecture and urbanism course´s freshman. The experience was held in the cities of Joao Pessoa and Sao Paulo using common instruments, reciprocal beam kits made with digital fabrication, with the purpose of redefining pedagogical procedures through dynamic representation for in-person practices. The performative methodology was adopted to integrate representation and construction contents since they are dissociated in the curriculum. The results demonstrate an appraisal for the use of the body as knowledge applied to representation, construction, and use of space, allowing for variation in spatial formats, time, and number of participants. The use of kits as a pedagogical resource might increase the complexity of topics and subjects covered in exercises, as well as strengthen the use of digital fabrication to democratize access to knowledge.
keywords Representation, Reciprocal frame, Educational kits, Architectural learning, Perfomatic methodology
series SIGraDi
email
last changed 2024/03/08 14:07

_id ecaade2018_394
id ecaade2018_394
authors Rubinowicz, Pawe³
year 2018
title Application of Available Digital Resources for City Visualisation and Urban Analysis
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2018.2.595
source Kepczynska-Walczak, A, Bialkowski, S (eds.), Computing for a better tomorrow - Proceedings of the 36th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland, 19-21 September 2018, pp. 595-602
summary The article presents two methods for generating 3D city models. The methods are based on LiDAR and GIS-2D data. The first one enables to create automatically simplified city models that include buildings in the LoD1 standard (excluding roof geometry). The second one provides for generating precise 3D city models including all components of the city space, such as buildings, tall green, city infrastructure. This involves direct transformation of DSM (Digital Surface Model) data as mesh-3D. The analyses presented are based on data available in Poland (in particular GIS). The results of the study can be easily applied for analysing other cities in Europe and elsewhere in the world. The article presents possibilities of using such models to urban analyses. The methods and figures included in the article have been developed using C++ software developed by the author.
keywords airborne LiDAR scanning; Digital Surface Model; BDOT 10k; city visualization; digital urban analysis; urban design
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:56

_id ecaadesigradi2019_568
id ecaadesigradi2019_568
authors Rubinowicz, Pawe³
year 2019
title Protection of the waterfront panoramas based on computational 3D-analysis
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.2.325
source Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 2, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 325-332
summary The article presents the application of the Visual Protection Surface (VPS) method in protecting waterfront panoramas. The digital analysis of visual impact, which is most frequently used in urban planning, assesses the impact of new investment on the cityscape. The study presented in the article is based on a reverse approach -determining the maximum height of buildings so new facilities do not distort protected vistas in a city, vistas which are crucial for the preservation of the city's cultural identity and spatial identification. The assessment of the application is based on a case study of Gdañsk, Poland, where a 3D LiDAR model was used. The study involved the use of software developed by the author (C++). It also analyzed VPS input parameters. Conclusions can be used to assess and verify analysis findings with different software (GIS/CAD). The article shows the potential application of the VPS method in urban planning.
keywords computational urban analyses; urban landscape protection; strategic views; tall buildings; 3D city models; VPS method
series eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:56

_id caadria2018_086
id caadria2018_086
authors Castelo Branco, Renata and Leit?o, António
year 2018
title Algorithmic Architectural Visualization
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2018.2.557
source T. Fukuda, W. Huang, P. Janssen, K. Crolla, S. Alhadidi (eds.), Learning, Adapting and Prototyping - Proceedings of the 23rd CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 17-19 May 2018, pp. 557-566
summary Digitally-generated visualizations, such as renders or movies, are, nowadays, commonly used as representation methods for architectural creations. This occurs not only in final stages of the process, with the goal of selling the product's image, but also in midst creation process to express concepts and ideas. Presently, the spread of parametric and algorithmic approaches to design creates a problem for visualization, as it enables the almost effortless change of 3D models, thus requiring repeated visualization efforts to keep up with the changes applied to the design. To solve this, we propose extending the algorithmic design approach to also include the high-level description of architectural image creation. The methodology, Algorithmic Architectural Visualization (AAV), also contemplates the required preparation settings for the visualization process, and includes possible visualization productions inspired by film techniques.
keywords Algorithmic Design; Architectural Visualization; Render; Film Grammar
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:55

_id avocaad_2003_19
id avocaad_2003_19
authors Rudi Stouffs, Maia Engeli and Bige Tunçer
year 2003
title Mediated discourse as a form of architectonic intervention
source LOCAL VALUES in a NETWORKED DESIGN WORLD - ADDED VALUE OF COMPUTER AIDED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, Stellingwerff, Martijn and Verbeke, Johan (Eds.), (2004) DUP Science - Delft University Press, ISBN 90-407-2507-1.
summary We are currently exploring the concept of mediated discourse in relation to an architectonic intervention and urban transformation project in an educational project and elective course. Led by faculty and artists, students are offered the ability to experiment with various media in the design and development of a multidisciplinary discourse. A web-based elearning environment also allows the students’ activities to form part of a larger discourse that takes place among all participants, including the public. In this paper, we describe the concept of mediated discourse and the various dimensions we distinguish, we present the educational project and its various aspects and participants’ roles, we consider the internationalisation of this educational project in a future instance of the course, and we describe the characteristics of the web environment in the context of an educational and software development project for a multimedia learning environment to support group work and discourse.
keywords Architecture, Local values, Globalisation, Computer Aided Architectural Design
series AVOCAAD
email
last changed 2006/01/16 21:38

_id ecaade2014_094
id ecaade2014_094
authors Ruggero Lancia and Ian Anderson
year 2014
title Digital Curation for CAAD Curricula - Bridging Mainstream and Speculative Design Procedures to promote curatorial competences for Architecture
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2014.1.313
source Thompson, Emine Mine (ed.), Fusion - Proceedings of the 32nd eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK, 10-12 September 2014, pp. 313-322
summary As the design processes in Architectural practices switch toward entirely digital workflows, architects are gradually required, because of their legal and commercial liability, to provide for both a relatively long term curation of their own digital products and the deposit of authoritative data. But, despite being the sole curation actors for their data, architects receive little education or training in either pertinent competences nor agreed and established procedures to comply with these duties. In this paper, the design of Digital Curation courses within CAAD Curricula will be discussed against the investigation results of the DEDICATE project, an AHRC funded project hosted at the Humanities Advanced Technology and Information Institute of the University of Glasgow.
wos WOS:000361384700031
keywords Caad curricula; digital curation; generative design; digital fabrication
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:56

_id ecaadesigradi2019_146
id ecaadesigradi2019_146
authors Castro e Costa, Eduardo, Verniz, Debora, Varasteh, Siavash, Miller, Marc and Duarte, José
year 2019
title Implementing the Santa Marta Urban Grammar - a pedagogical tool for design computing in architecture
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.2.349
source Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 2, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 349-358
summary We present a tool intended to enable non-expert users to apply and manipulate a shape grammar, SMUG, which encodes the urban design of informal settlements such as favelas. Such tool, the Interpreter, was developed considering that students would be its main users, and therefore we consider this grammar implementation to potentially be a multipurpose pedagogical tool since it supports conveying knowledge about urban design, shape grammars and parametric modeling using Grasshopper. This paper focuses on the development of the Interpreter and discusses the results of its use in a design studio, which can better inform subsequent iteration as well as other courses and schools.
keywords Shape grammars; Urban design; Design studio; Parametric modelling;
series eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:55

_id ijac202220310
id ijac202220310
authors Castro Henriques, Goncalo; Pedro Maciel Xavier; Victor de Luca Silva; Luca Rédua Bispo; Joao Victor Fraga
year 2022
title Computation for Architecture, hybrid visual and textual language: Research developments and considerations about the implementation of structural imperative and object-oriented paradigms
source International Journal of Architectural Computing 2022, Vol. 20 - no. 3, pp. 673–687
summary In the fourth industrial revolution, programming promises to be a fundamental subject like mathematics, science, languages or the arts. Architects design more than buildings developing innovative methods and they are among the pioneers in visual programming development. However, after more than 10 years of visual programming in architecture, despite the fast-learning curve, visual programming presents considerable limitations to solve complex problems. To overcome limitations, the authors propose to associate the advantages of visual and textual languages in Python. The article addresses an ongoing research study to implement Computational Methods in Architectural Education. The authors began by describing the general goal of this project, and of this article in particular. This article focuses on the implementation of two disciplines ‘Computation for Architecture in Python’ I and II. The first discipline uses programming based on the construction of functions in the imperative language, implemented in the text editor, in visual programming, using Grasshopper methods. The second discipline, which is under development, intends to teach object-oriented programming. The results of the first discipline are encouraging; despite reported difficulties in programming fundamentals, such as lists, loops and recursion. The development of the second discipline, in object-oriented programming, deals with the concepts of classes and objects, and more abstract principles such abstraction, inheritance, polymorphism or encapsulation. This paradigm allows building robust programs, but requires a more in-depth syntax. The article reports this ongoing research on this new paradigm of object-oriented language, expanding the application of a hybrid visual-textual language in Architecture
keywords computation, textual programming, visual programming, imperative programming, object oriented programming
series journal
last changed 2024/04/17 14:30

_id sigradi2020_689
id sigradi2020_689
authors Ruiz, Lucas Willian da Silva; Melo, Alberta Cristina Vasconcelos de; Souza, Mayara Dias de; Neves, Pedro Henrique Silva
year 2020
title BIM in a Junior Enterprise of a Brazilian University: Application and Analysis
source SIGraDi 2020 [Proceedings of the 24th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISSN: 2318-6968] Online Conference 18 - 20 November 2020, pp. 689-696
summary This article analyses the applications of BIM in a project developed in a junior enterprise of a Brazilian university. The study includes a bibliographical research of an empirical study to analyze a multidisciplinary project mediated by BIM. The results pointed to the benefits of a collaborative BIM project, including the production of a precise documentation, verification of interferences and compatibilization between disciplines. The experience in the junior enterprise may assist other universities to adopt BIM in the academic formation as an alternative to the absence of the subject in the curriculum.
keywords BIM, Project, Collaboration, Compatibilization, Multidisciplinary
series SIGraDi
email
last changed 2021/07/16 11:52

_id sigradi2005_689
id sigradi2005_689
authors Ruiz-Rodarte, Rocio; José Larios, Fernando García Cuspinera
year 2005
title Real Time Visualizing Tools: Description of an experience where game engines and Internet browsers are used as means of exhibition at an archaeological site
source SIGraDi 2005 - [Proceedings of the 9th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Lima - Peru 21-24 november 2005, vol. 2, pp. 689-694
summary This paper presents the use of Virtual Reality (VR) environments as didactic means of exhibition. It approaches VR field by non traditional tools of visualization -as game engines- and describes the process and particular issues faced during its development. The examples shown in this document are part of an archaeological project under current development which faced budget solutions for equipment and its maintenance. The lack of experience outside the traditional VR field (SGI), lead the research team to try different game engines and VRML format in explore solutions to issues as performance, complexity, appearance, visualization, different needs of programming skills, file format compatibility, archiving and promotion applications. The experience delivered to replicate the process for other cultural projects can be useful also to architects and designers that are willing to experiment with VR as means of visualization during different stages of their projects.
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:59

_id sigradi2006_c193d
id sigradi2006_c193d
authors Ruiz-Tagle, Javier
year 2006
title Modelos de Simulación Urbana (Experiencia a Partir de un Juego de Estrategia) [Urban simulation models (experience throughout a strategic game)]
source SIGraDi 2006 - [Proceedings of the 10th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Santiago de Chile - Chile 21-23 November 2006, pp. 386-391
summary The experience considers the achievement of a course for architecture and geography. The research penetrates into an experimentation based on the Systems Theory and the Systems Dynamics, which helps to understand the structure and the dynamics of the city, as a set of complex systems. SimCity, a game of strategy that allows to design, to plan, and to manage the dynamics of a city, is used as software. The experience had as principal target, tackling formulae of didactic experimentation, which integrate, by the application of networks and systems, the complex relations that configures the city. The methodology had theoretical and experimental stages, plus the achievement of a simulation exercise. The experience had very good reception, as method for learning and for research, despite the strange that it seemed in the beginning. Also, it generated a big aptitude to realize good research questions, since the behavior of many variables was learned to visualize simultaneously.
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:59

_id ecaade2013_126
id ecaade2013_126
authors Castro e Costa, Eduardo and Duarte, José Pinto
year 2013
title Tableware Shape Grammar
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2013.2.635
source Stouffs, Rudi and Sariyildiz, Sevil (eds.), Computation and Performance – Proceedings of the 31st eCAADe Conference – Volume 2, Faculty of Architecture, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, 18-20 September 2013, pp. 635-644
summary Mass customization is pointed as a means of improving a company’s competitiveness, which is an essential trait in Europe’s economic situation of today. This paper reports a mockup implementation of the mass customization paradigm to ceramic tableware design, through the use of shape grammars, parametric modelling and rapid prototyping. Focus is emphasized on the initial development of a parametric shape grammar as a design system, operating on curved surfaces and solids. Mapping operations are suggested for dealing with the formal complexity of these shapes. This initial academic experiment poses as a first step into the development of a mass customization system that is expected to meet industry standards.
wos WOS:000340643600066
keywords Mass customization; ceramic tableware; generative design; shape grammars; rapid prototyping.
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:55

_id 88c5
authors Caturano, U.
year 1993
title A Proposal of Iconic Map on Computer Aided Architectural Design: 3DIMCAAD
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1993.x.g9p
source [eCAADe Conference Proceedings] Eindhoven (The Netherlands) 11-13 November 1993
summary During the development of my graduation thesis I had to propose a subdivision of informatics technologies for architectural design into several research fields, each of them characterized by specific aims. This kind of subdivision was originally configured as an orientation tool inside the wide CAAD discipline, and only in a second time it took the features of a complete organization layout in which it is understandable not only the position of each single discipline in comparison with the others but, above all, the connections and interactions between them. The model, obtained as the result of many handlings but undefined yet, has been named 3DIMCaad (3 Dimensional Iconic Map on Computer Aided Architectural Design) and, in according to an initial hypothesis it could be regarded as a map of the sectors pointed out by my proposal, in fact, it is a iconic model of the connections and differences between the informatic main topics that I analysed. Every main topic is represented by a spheric nucleus linked to the others by a connection line (the ''pipe''), the dimension of which, quite generous, makes the observer understand the numerous interactions and exchange presents if two main topics are linked.

series eCAADe
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id cbe7
authors Caturano, Umberto and Sanseverino di Marcellinara, Carlo
year 1993
title Solid Modelling by Low-cost Hardware and Software: The Crystal Palace's Node
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1993.x.m6j
source [eCAADe Conference Proceedings] Eindhoven (The Netherlands) 11-13 November 1993
summary This paper describes the approach to the solid modelling by low-cost hardware and software, developed by a workgroup composed by staff members, young researchers and students of the University of Naples - Faculty of Architecture. The work was born in need of exposing to the students the project of Crystal Palace, designed in 1850 by J. Paxton, and used in the Italian universities as an example of first prefabrication by components and the organization of the yard. Using commercial programs and the students' computers, we had done a 3D model of the Crystal Palace's structural node, making an interesting experience based on the cooperation between university structures and private resources.

series eCAADe
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id caadria2020_189
id caadria2020_189
authors Rushton, Hannah and Schnabel, Marc Aurel
year 2020
title Exhibiting Digital Heritage - The Curation of Un-Mediated Experiences in Museums
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2020.2.193
source D. Holzer, W. Nakapan, A. Globa, I. Koh (eds.), RE: Anthropocene, Design in the Age of Humans - Proceedings of the 25th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 5-6 August 2020, pp. 193-202
summary The aim of this paper is to examine how a museum exhibition can allow barrier-free access and engagement of visitors. This paper will discuss Immersive Legacies, an exhibition that presented the digital documentation and virtual representations of a significant heritage building, both physically and in virtual reality. Through the examination of the exhibition, Immersive Legacies and its broader museological context, this paper will discuss the emergence of these technologies in museums and its relation to the Anthropocene epoch. In an age of rapid advancement and destruction, it becomes essential to preserve heritage sites, architecture and cultural objects. Furthermore, connection and communication were, and continue to be facilitated by the technologies that began in the Anthropocene epoch. As a result of this era, heritage can be experienced anytime and anywhere, although it remains vital for citizens to have the opportunity to experience it in museums. In turn, this paper will examine how these technologies can be to help citizens understand and engage with heritage and the past in museums - now and in the future.
keywords Digital Heritage; Museums; Digital Technology; Un-Mediated heritage; Virtual Reality
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:56

_id sigradi2003_013
id sigradi2003_013
authors Russel, Peter
year 2003
title Understanding Virtual
source SIGraDi 2003 - [Proceedings of the 7th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Rosario Argentina 5-7 november 2003
summary Since the introduction of terms like "cyberspace" and "virtual reality", the term "Virtual" has been attached to a range of projects including using computers to draw buildings, distributed studio projects and heavily technologically dependent interfaces for "sensing" digitally modeled environments. The only common aspect of these "virtual" projects is their use of computers. As a way to re-infuse meaning to the term Virtual, the paper describes a theoretical basis for understanding the meaning of being virtual (as opposed to being "Real, Actual" or "Possible") with special attention to the manipulation of ideas as is the case in designing architecture.
keywords Virtual Reality; Design Theory; Virtual Systems
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:59

_id sigradi2003_014
id sigradi2003_014
authors Russell, P., Jackson, M. and Dieckmann, A.
year 2003
title Separated at Birth
source SIGraDi 2003 - [Proceedings of the 7th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Rosario Argentina 5-7 november 2003
summary While distributed or collaborative design studios have a long pedigree (Donath 1999), there seldom arises the chance to test the limits of the concepts implied by the idea of the physically separated design team. The indigenous differences of culture, schedules and language accentuate this. The authors entered into an experimental design exercise that would seek to explore the range of dualities, which are often encumbered by such studios owing to their very nature. As an additional catalyst in the experiment, a design topic was chosen which reflected the nature of the studio thereby creating a Gödelian knot of self-referentiality.
keywords Virtual Design Studio; CSCW; Distributed Practice; Intensive Learning
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:59

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